This paper presents a scheme for faithfully distributing a pure entanglement between two parties over an arbitrary collective-noise channel with linear optics.The transmission is assisted by an additional qubit agains...This paper presents a scheme for faithfully distributing a pure entanglement between two parties over an arbitrary collective-noise channel with linear optics.The transmission is assisted by an additional qubit against collective noise.The receiver can take advantage of the time discrimination and the measurement results of the assistant qubit to reconstruct a pure entanglement with the sender.Although the scheme succeeds probabilistically,the resource used to get a pure entanglement state is finite,and so is easier to establish entanglement in practice than quantum entanglement purification.展开更多
Lithium-air battery has emerged as a viable electrochemical energy technology;yet a substantial overpotential is typically observed,due to the insulating nature of the discharge product Li_(2)O_(2) that hinders the re...Lithium-air battery has emerged as a viable electrochemical energy technology;yet a substantial overpotential is typically observed,due to the insulating nature of the discharge product Li_(2)O_(2) that hinders the reaction kinetics and device performance.Furthermore,finite solid–solid/-liquid interfaces are formed between Li_(2)O_(2) and catalysts and limit the activity of the electrocatalysts in battery reactions,leading to inadequate electrolytic efficiency.Herein,in-situ doping of Li_(2)O_(2) by select metal ions is found to significantly enhance the lithium-air battery performance,and Co^(2+)stands out as the most effective dopant among the series.This is ascribed to the unique catalytic activity of the resulting Co-O_(x) sites towards oxygen electrocatalysis,rendering the lithium-air battery self-catalytically active.Theoretical studies based on density functional theory calculations show that structural compression occurs upon Co^(2+)doping,which lowers the energy barrier of Li_(2)O_(2) decomposition.Results from this study highlight the significance of in situ electrochemical doping of the discharge product in enhancing the performance of lithium-air battery.展开更多
Chiral metasurfaces have been proven to possess great potential in chiroptical applications.However,the multiband chiral metasurface with near-perfect circular dichroism has not been well studied.Also,the widely used ...Chiral metasurfaces have been proven to possess great potential in chiroptical applications.However,the multiband chiral metasurface with near-perfect circular dichroism has not been well studied.Also,the widely used bilayer metasurface usually suffers from the interlayer alignment and weak resonance.Here,we propose a twisted Moirémetasurface which can support three chiral bands with near-unity circular dichroism.The Moirémetasurface can remove the restriction of interlayer alignment,while maintaining a strong monolayer resonance.The two chiral bands in the forward direction can be described by two coupled-oscillator models.The third chiral band is achieved by tuning the interlayer chiral mode on resonance with the intralayer mode,to eliminate the parallel and converted components simultaneously.Finally,we study the robustness and tunability of the triple-layer Moirémetasurface in momentum space.This work provides a universal method to achieve three near-unity circular dichroism bands in one metasurface,which can promote applications of chiral metasurfaces in multiband optical communication,chiral drug separation,sensing,optical encryption,chiral laser,nonlinear and quantum optics,etc.展开更多
We present a quantum hyperdense coding protocol with hyperentanglement in polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom of photons first and then give the details for a quantum secure direct communication(QSDC)prot...We present a quantum hyperdense coding protocol with hyperentanglement in polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom of photons first and then give the details for a quantum secure direct communication(QSDC)protocol based on this quantum hyperdense coding protocol.This QSDC protocol has the advantage of having a higher capacity than the quantum communication protocols with a qubit system.Compared with the QSDC protocol based on superdense coding with𝑑-dimensional systems,this QSDC protocol is more feasible as the preparation of a high-dimension quantum system is more difficult than that of a two-level quantum system at present.展开更多
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-overexpressing breast cancer is an aggressive phenotype with a poor prognosis,and can easily metastasize and recur.Currently,chemotherapy plus HER2-targeted therapy is th...Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-overexpressing breast cancer is an aggressive phenotype with a poor prognosis,and can easily metastasize and recur.Currently,chemotherapy plus HER2-targeted therapy is the standard systemic treatment for most of these patients.Given that neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)has an efficacy equivalent to that of adjuvant chemotherapy and some additional benefits,many patients,especially those with more advanced tumors,prefer NAC and generally will not receive additional chemotherapy after surgery,irrespective of the pathological response.However,achieving pathological complete response to NAC is strongly correlated with prognosis,especially in triple-negative and HER2-overexpressing breast cancer.Therefore,postoperative treatment of these patients with residual diseases should be optimized to achieve favorable outcomes.The CREATE-X study has confirmed that additional chemotherapy can improve the outcomes of patients with HER2-negative residual disease after NAC.In addition,chemotherapy plays an indispensable role in the treatment of patients who receive surgery directly or who have recurrent lesions.Therefore,can additional chemotherapy improve prognosis of patients with HER2-overexpressing residual breast cancer?At present,no studies have compared the efficacy of additional chemotherapy plus trastuzumab with that of anti-HER2 therapy alone in residual cancer.The KATHERINE study revealed that trastuzumab emtansine(T-DM1)can reduce the risk of recurrence or death by 50%compared with trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive residual invasive breast cancer after neoadjuvant therapy.T-DM1 is an antibody-drug conjugate of trastuzumab and the cytotoxic agent emtansine,and thus,to an extent,T-DM1 is equivalent to simultaneous application of chemotherapy and targeted therapy.However,high cost and low accessibility limit its use especially in low-and middle-income countries and regions.Hence,we proposed this perspective that additional chemotherapy plus trastuzumab should be given to HER2-overexpressing breast cancer patients with residual disease after NAC to improve their prognosis by discussing that the efficacy of additional chemotherapy plus trastuzumab is superior to that of anti-HER2 therapy alone and not inferior to T-DM1.Additional chemotherapy plus trastuzumab-based HER2-targeted therapy can be used as an alternative regimen to T-DM1 when T-DM1 is unavailable.However,further clinical research on the selection of chemotherapeutic agents is warranted.展开更多
The three-dimensional (3D) lattice Boltzmann models,3DQ15,3DQ19 and 3DQ27,under different wall boundary conditions and lattice resolutions have been investigated by simulating Poiseuille flow in a circular cylinder fo...The three-dimensional (3D) lattice Boltzmann models,3DQ15,3DQ19 and 3DQ27,under different wall boundary conditions and lattice resolutions have been investigated by simulating Poiseuille flow in a circular cylinder for a wide range of Reynolds numbers.The 3DQ19 model with improved Fillippova and Hanel (FH) curved boundary condition represents a good compromise between computational efficiency and reliability.Blood flow in an aortic arch is then simulated as a typical haemodynamic application.Axial and secondary fluid velocity and effective wall shear stress profiles in a 180 bend are obtained,and the results also demonstrate that the lattice Boltzmann method is suitable for simulating the flow in 3D large-curved vessels.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur batteries(Li-S batteries) are considered as promising new-generation electrochemical energy storage devices due to their extremely high theoretical energy density(2600 Wh kg-1) and theoretical specific ...Lithium-sulfur batteries(Li-S batteries) are considered as promising new-generation electrochemical energy storage devices due to their extremely high theoretical energy density(2600 Wh kg-1) and theoretical specific capacity(1675 m Ah g^(-1)). However, numerous problems such as poor conductivity and the shuttle effect during discharge-charge process limit the practical application of lithium-sulfur batteries. In this work, porous tubular Co Mo_(1-x)P/Mo constructed by in situ growth of metal Mo was designed as the sulfur host for lithium-sulfur batteries. The introduction of Mo modulated the electronic structure of Co Mo P to improve the conductivity of cathode and facilitate the redox kinetics, as well as the Co Mo_(1-x)P/Mo heterostructure was beneficial to inhibit the shuttle effect through the interaction with lithium polysulfides, which improved cycling stability. As a result, Co Mo_(1-x)P/Mo/S cathode had a low-capacity decay rate of only 0.029% per cycle after 2000 cycles at 0.5 C. This work provided a new perspective for the further design of high-performance lithium-sulfur battery cathode materials.展开更多
We propose a scheme for generating a four-particle cluster state in an ion-trap system.The scheme isinsensitive to the thermal motion of the ions,and needs less operations than previous ones.With such a setup,we alsod...We propose a scheme for generating a four-particle cluster state in an ion-trap system.The scheme isinsensitive to the thermal motion of the ions,and needs less operations than previous ones.With such a setup,we alsodemonstrate a procedure for perfectly teleporting an arbitrary two-particle state via a single multipartite entanglementchannel,a four-particle cluster state.展开更多
We propose a different entanglement concentration protocol (ECP) for nonlocal N-electron systems in a partially entangled Bell-type pure state using the CNOT gates and the projection measurements on an additional elec...We propose a different entanglement concentration protocol (ECP) for nonlocal N-electron systems in a partially entangled Bell-type pure state using the CNOT gates and the projection measurements on an additional electron. For each nonlocal N-electron system, Alice first entangles it with the additional electron, and then she projects the additional electron onto an orthogonal basis for dividing the N-electron systems into two groups. In the first group, the N parties obtain a subset of N-electron systems in a maximally entangled state directly. In the second group, they obtain some less-entangled N-electron systems, which are the resource for the entanglement concentration in the next round. By iterating the entanglement concentration process several times, the present ECP has the maximal success probability, which is the theoretical limit of an ECP, equal to the entanglement of the partially entangled state, and higher than the others. This ECP may be useful in quantum computers based on electron-spin systems in the future.展开更多
A scheme for third-order ghost interference with thermal light is proposed. The visibility and resolution of the interference fringe related to the bandwidth of the spatial frequency spectrum of the source are analyse...A scheme for third-order ghost interference with thermal light is proposed. The visibility and resolution of the interference fringe related to the bandwidth of the spatial frequency spectrum of the source are analysed. The results show that the visibility of the third-order ghost interference fringe is much higher than that of the second-order one.展开更多
This paper presents a simple way for an eavesdropper to eavesdrop freely the secret message in the experimental realization of quantum communication protocol proposed by Beige et al (2002 Acta Phys. Pol. A 101 357). M...This paper presents a simple way for an eavesdropper to eavesdrop freely the secret message in the experimental realization of quantum communication protocol proposed by Beige et al (2002 Acta Phys. Pol. A 101 357). Moreover, it introduces an efficient quantum secure communication protocol based on a publicly known key with decoy photons and two biased bases by modifying the original protocol. The total efficiency of this new protocol is double that of the original one. With a low noise quantum channel, this protocol can be used for transmitting a secret message. At present, this protocol is good for generating a private key efficiently.展开更多
The wavelength variation of a laser-dye-type random laser is observed experimentally.It is found that the emitting wavelength of a random laser changes with the change of concentration of the gain material.Also,the ac...The wavelength variation of a laser-dye-type random laser is observed experimentally.It is found that the emitting wavelength of a random laser changes with the change of concentration of the gain material.Also,the actual radiation wavelength is influenced by the pumping rate of the source,the cavity competition and the concentration of scatterers.展开更多
We investigate the controllable group velocity of a microwave probe field in a superconductive quantum circuit(SQC) pumped by microwave fields,and the use of such a SQC function as an artificial Λ-type three-level at...We investigate the controllable group velocity of a microwave probe field in a superconductive quantum circuit(SQC) pumped by microwave fields,and the use of such a SQC function as an artificial Λ-type three-level atom.The exchange between the subluminal and the superluminal states of the probe field can be realized simply by sweeping the pumping intensity,and the superluminal state is usually realized with a lower absorption.This work is one of the efforts to extend the study of electromagnetically induced transparency and its related properties from the lightwave band to the microwave band.展开更多
The improvement of attosecond pulse reflection by large angle incidence for a periodic multilayer mirror in the extreme ultraviolet region has been discussed. Numerical simulations of both spectral and temporal reflec...The improvement of attosecond pulse reflection by large angle incidence for a periodic multilayer mirror in the extreme ultraviolet region has been discussed. Numerical simulations of both spectral and temporal reflection characteristics of periodic multilayer mirrors under various incident angles have been analyzed and compared. It was found that the periodic multilayer mirror under a larger incidence angle can provide not only higher integrated reflectivity but also a broader reflection band with negligible dispersion, making it possible to obtain better a reflected pulse that has a higher pulse reflection efficiency and shorter pulse duration for attosecond pulse reflection. In addition, by increasing the incident angle, the promotion of attosecond pulse reflection capability has been proven for periodic multilayer mirrors with arbitrary layers.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10604008)Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China (Grant No 200723)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No 1082008)
文摘This paper presents a scheme for faithfully distributing a pure entanglement between two parties over an arbitrary collective-noise channel with linear optics.The transmission is assisted by an additional qubit against collective noise.The receiver can take advantage of the time discrimination and the measurement results of the assistant qubit to reconstruct a pure entanglement with the sender.Although the scheme succeeds probabilistically,the resource used to get a pure entanglement state is finite,and so is easier to establish entanglement in practice than quantum entanglement purification.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China (21771024,and 21871028)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M680430).
文摘Lithium-air battery has emerged as a viable electrochemical energy technology;yet a substantial overpotential is typically observed,due to the insulating nature of the discharge product Li_(2)O_(2) that hinders the reaction kinetics and device performance.Furthermore,finite solid–solid/-liquid interfaces are formed between Li_(2)O_(2) and catalysts and limit the activity of the electrocatalysts in battery reactions,leading to inadequate electrolytic efficiency.Herein,in-situ doping of Li_(2)O_(2) by select metal ions is found to significantly enhance the lithium-air battery performance,and Co^(2+)stands out as the most effective dopant among the series.This is ascribed to the unique catalytic activity of the resulting Co-O_(x) sites towards oxygen electrocatalysis,rendering the lithium-air battery self-catalytically active.Theoretical studies based on density functional theory calculations show that structural compression occurs upon Co^(2+)doping,which lowers the energy barrier of Li_(2)O_(2) decomposition.Results from this study highlight the significance of in situ electrochemical doping of the discharge product in enhancing the performance of lithium-air battery.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12174031,91950108,and 11774035)。
文摘Chiral metasurfaces have been proven to possess great potential in chiroptical applications.However,the multiband chiral metasurface with near-perfect circular dichroism has not been well studied.Also,the widely used bilayer metasurface usually suffers from the interlayer alignment and weak resonance.Here,we propose a twisted Moirémetasurface which can support three chiral bands with near-unity circular dichroism.The Moirémetasurface can remove the restriction of interlayer alignment,while maintaining a strong monolayer resonance.The two chiral bands in the forward direction can be described by two coupled-oscillator models.The third chiral band is achieved by tuning the interlayer chiral mode on resonance with the intralayer mode,to eliminate the parallel and converted components simultaneously.Finally,we study the robustness and tunability of the triple-layer Moirémetasurface in momentum space.This work provides a universal method to achieve three near-unity circular dichroism bands in one metasurface,which can promote applications of chiral metasurfaces in multiband optical communication,chiral drug separation,sensing,optical encryption,chiral laser,nonlinear and quantum optics,etc.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 10974020the Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant No 1082008the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘We present a quantum hyperdense coding protocol with hyperentanglement in polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom of photons first and then give the details for a quantum secure direct communication(QSDC)protocol based on this quantum hyperdense coding protocol.This QSDC protocol has the advantage of having a higher capacity than the quantum communication protocols with a qubit system.Compared with the QSDC protocol based on superdense coding with𝑑-dimensional systems,this QSDC protocol is more feasible as the preparation of a high-dimension quantum system is more difficult than that of a two-level quantum system at present.
文摘Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-overexpressing breast cancer is an aggressive phenotype with a poor prognosis,and can easily metastasize and recur.Currently,chemotherapy plus HER2-targeted therapy is the standard systemic treatment for most of these patients.Given that neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)has an efficacy equivalent to that of adjuvant chemotherapy and some additional benefits,many patients,especially those with more advanced tumors,prefer NAC and generally will not receive additional chemotherapy after surgery,irrespective of the pathological response.However,achieving pathological complete response to NAC is strongly correlated with prognosis,especially in triple-negative and HER2-overexpressing breast cancer.Therefore,postoperative treatment of these patients with residual diseases should be optimized to achieve favorable outcomes.The CREATE-X study has confirmed that additional chemotherapy can improve the outcomes of patients with HER2-negative residual disease after NAC.In addition,chemotherapy plays an indispensable role in the treatment of patients who receive surgery directly or who have recurrent lesions.Therefore,can additional chemotherapy improve prognosis of patients with HER2-overexpressing residual breast cancer?At present,no studies have compared the efficacy of additional chemotherapy plus trastuzumab with that of anti-HER2 therapy alone in residual cancer.The KATHERINE study revealed that trastuzumab emtansine(T-DM1)can reduce the risk of recurrence or death by 50%compared with trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive residual invasive breast cancer after neoadjuvant therapy.T-DM1 is an antibody-drug conjugate of trastuzumab and the cytotoxic agent emtansine,and thus,to an extent,T-DM1 is equivalent to simultaneous application of chemotherapy and targeted therapy.However,high cost and low accessibility limit its use especially in low-and middle-income countries and regions.Hence,we proposed this perspective that additional chemotherapy plus trastuzumab should be given to HER2-overexpressing breast cancer patients with residual disease after NAC to improve their prognosis by discussing that the efficacy of additional chemotherapy plus trastuzumab is superior to that of anti-HER2 therapy alone and not inferior to T-DM1.Additional chemotherapy plus trastuzumab-based HER2-targeted therapy can be used as an alternative regimen to T-DM1 when T-DM1 is unavailable.However,further clinical research on the selection of chemotherapeutic agents is warranted.
基金Supported by the National Fundamental Research Program of China under Grant No 2006CB921404, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 10574015.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No10274006)Education Ministry of China(Grant No03011)
文摘The three-dimensional (3D) lattice Boltzmann models,3DQ15,3DQ19 and 3DQ27,under different wall boundary conditions and lattice resolutions have been investigated by simulating Poiseuille flow in a circular cylinder for a wide range of Reynolds numbers.The 3DQ19 model with improved Fillippova and Hanel (FH) curved boundary condition represents a good compromise between computational efficiency and reliability.Blood flow in an aortic arch is then simulated as a typical haemodynamic application.Axial and secondary fluid velocity and effective wall shear stress profiles in a 180 bend are obtained,and the results also demonstrate that the lattice Boltzmann method is suitable for simulating the flow in 3D large-curved vessels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China (Grant Nos. 21871028, 21771024)。
文摘Lithium-sulfur batteries(Li-S batteries) are considered as promising new-generation electrochemical energy storage devices due to their extremely high theoretical energy density(2600 Wh kg-1) and theoretical specific capacity(1675 m Ah g^(-1)). However, numerous problems such as poor conductivity and the shuttle effect during discharge-charge process limit the practical application of lithium-sulfur batteries. In this work, porous tubular Co Mo_(1-x)P/Mo constructed by in situ growth of metal Mo was designed as the sulfur host for lithium-sulfur batteries. The introduction of Mo modulated the electronic structure of Co Mo P to improve the conductivity of cathode and facilitate the redox kinetics, as well as the Co Mo_(1-x)P/Mo heterostructure was beneficial to inhibit the shuttle effect through the interaction with lithium polysulfides, which improved cycling stability. As a result, Co Mo_(1-x)P/Mo/S cathode had a low-capacity decay rate of only 0.029% per cycle after 2000 cycles at 0.5 C. This work provided a new perspective for the further design of high-performance lithium-sulfur battery cathode materials.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10674018the National Fundamental Research Program of China under Grant No.2004CB719903
文摘We propose a scheme for generating a four-particle cluster state in an ion-trap system.The scheme isinsensitive to the thermal motion of the ions,and needs less operations than previous ones.With such a setup,we alsodemonstrate a procedure for perfectly teleporting an arbitrary two-particle state via a single multipartite entanglementchannel,a four-particle cluster state.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10974020 and 11174039)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. NCET-11-0031)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China
文摘We propose a different entanglement concentration protocol (ECP) for nonlocal N-electron systems in a partially entangled Bell-type pure state using the CNOT gates and the projection measurements on an additional electron. For each nonlocal N-electron system, Alice first entangles it with the additional electron, and then she projects the additional electron onto an orthogonal basis for dividing the N-electron systems into two groups. In the first group, the N parties obtain a subset of N-electron systems in a maximally entangled state directly. In the second group, they obtain some less-entangled N-electron systems, which are the resource for the entanglement concentration in the next round. By iterating the entanglement concentration process several times, the present ECP has the maximal success probability, which is the theoretical limit of an ECP, equal to the entanglement of the partially entangled state, and higher than the others. This ECP may be useful in quantum computers based on electron-spin systems in the future.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Programme of China under Grant No 2006CB921404, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 10574015.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 10274006, and the State Education Ministry of China under Grant No 03011 for financial support. Also, the authors would like to thank Professor Fang Hai-Ping for helpful discussions.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No 2006CB921404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 10574015 and 10547136)
文摘A scheme for third-order ghost interference with thermal light is proposed. The visibility and resolution of the interference fringe related to the bandwidth of the spatial frequency spectrum of the source are analysed. The results show that the visibility of the third-order ghost interference fringe is much higher than that of the second-order one.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10604008)Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China (Grant No 200723)Beijing Education Committee of China (Grant NoXK100270454)
文摘This paper presents a simple way for an eavesdropper to eavesdrop freely the secret message in the experimental realization of quantum communication protocol proposed by Beige et al (2002 Acta Phys. Pol. A 101 357). Moreover, it introduces an efficient quantum secure communication protocol based on a publicly known key with decoy photons and two biased bases by modifying the original protocol. The total efficiency of this new protocol is double that of the original one. With a low noise quantum channel, this protocol can be used for transmitting a secret message. At present, this protocol is good for generating a private key efficiently.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.60677006 and 11074024.
文摘The wavelength variation of a laser-dye-type random laser is observed experimentally.It is found that the emitting wavelength of a random laser changes with the change of concentration of the gain material.Also,the actual radiation wavelength is influenced by the pumping rate of the source,the cavity competition and the concentration of scatterers.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 60277014 and 60677006, and the Youth Foundation of Beijing Normal University.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 60277014 and 60677006, and the Research Program for Under-Graduate Student of the Ministry of Education of China.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 111174040)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘We investigate the controllable group velocity of a microwave probe field in a superconductive quantum circuit(SQC) pumped by microwave fields,and the use of such a SQC function as an artificial Λ-type three-level atom.The exchange between the subluminal and the superluminal states of the probe field can be realized simply by sweeping the pumping intensity,and the superluminal state is usually realized with a lower absorption.This work is one of the efforts to extend the study of electromagnetically induced transparency and its related properties from the lightwave band to the microwave band.
文摘The improvement of attosecond pulse reflection by large angle incidence for a periodic multilayer mirror in the extreme ultraviolet region has been discussed. Numerical simulations of both spectral and temporal reflection characteristics of periodic multilayer mirrors under various incident angles have been analyzed and compared. It was found that the periodic multilayer mirror under a larger incidence angle can provide not only higher integrated reflectivity but also a broader reflection band with negligible dispersion, making it possible to obtain better a reflected pulse that has a higher pulse reflection efficiency and shorter pulse duration for attosecond pulse reflection. In addition, by increasing the incident angle, the promotion of attosecond pulse reflection capability has been proven for periodic multilayer mirrors with arbitrary layers.
