Hand,foot,and mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute infection caused by enteroviruses that is commonly seen in children^([1]).High infectivity,large number of asymptomatic infections,complex transmission routes,and rapid s...Hand,foot,and mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute infection caused by enteroviruses that is commonly seen in children^([1]).High infectivity,large number of asymptomatic infections,complex transmission routes,and rapid spread make it difficult to control HFMD.Since 2008,China has reported> 23 million HFMD cases,including>0.15million severe cases^([2]).HFMD tops the list of notifiable infectious diseases in terms of case number and incidence rate,leading to a huge disease burden^([3]).Timely and accurate assessment of HFMD epidemics is essential for a holistic understanding of the outbreaks and for effective prevention and control strategies.Currently,there are no quantitative indicators to determine the duration and intensity of HFMD epidemics in Beijing.展开更多
Since the outbreak of COVID-19,countries and regions worldwide have implemented multifaceted prevention and control measures,including vaccinations,antiviral drugs,mask wearing,and social distancing.However,omicron va...Since the outbreak of COVID-19,countries and regions worldwide have implemented multifaceted prevention and control measures,including vaccinations,antiviral drugs,mask wearing,and social distancing.However,omicron variants,with significantly increased endogenous and occult transmission.展开更多
BACKGROUND Enhancing awareness and use of pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP)and postexposure prophylaxis(PEP)is vital to curb human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)spread.High-risk behaviors prevalent among sexually transmitte...BACKGROUND Enhancing awareness and use of pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP)and postexposure prophylaxis(PEP)is vital to curb human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)spread.High-risk behaviors prevalent among sexually transmitted infection clinic outpatients underscore the need for increased PrEP/PEP education in this group.AIM To investigate the effects of both onsite and online health education on the knowledge of,and willingness to use,PrEP and PEP among individuals receiving PEP services.METHODS Participants were drawn from a cohort study on PEP service intervention at an STD/AIDS outpatient clinic in designated HIV/AIDS hospitals in Beijing,conducted from January 1 to June 30,2022.Health education was provided both onsite and online during follow-up.Surveys assessing knowledge of,and willingness to use,PrEP/PEP were administered at baseline and again at 24 wk post-intervention.RESULTS A total of 112 participants were enrolled in the study;105 completed the follow-up at week 24.The percentage of participants with adequate knowledge of,and willingness to use,PrEP significantly increased from 65.2%and 69.6%at baseline to 83.8%and 82.9%at the end of the intervention(both P<0.05).Similarly,those with adequate knowledge of,and willingness to use,PEP increased from 74.1%and 77.7%at baseline to 92.4%and 89.5%at week 24(P<0.05).Being between 31 years and 40 years of age,having a postgraduate degree or higher,and reporting a monthly expenditure of RMB 5000 or more were found to be significantly associated with knowledge of PrEP and PEP(both P<0.05).CONCLUSION The findings show that both onsite and online health education significantly improved the knowledge of,and increased willingness to use,PrEP and PEP in individuals utilizing PEP services.展开更多
What is already known on this topic?Norovirus is the leading cause of global acute gastroenteritis outbreaks.Norovirus outbreaks mainly occur in schools and kindergartens in China,always causing public health issues.W...What is already known on this topic?Norovirus is the leading cause of global acute gastroenteritis outbreaks.Norovirus outbreaks mainly occur in schools and kindergartens in China,always causing public health issues.What is added by this report?Conditional logistic regression method was used to analyze the risk factors for norovirus outbreaks in schools and kindergartens,and found that students vomiting at school or kindergarten,case activity in public areas,and the first case’s classroom less than 5 meters from toilets were risk factors.What are the implications for public health practice?Effective measures to address these factors can help reduce the risk of norovirus outbreaks in schools and kindergartens.展开更多
Objective The primary objective of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire(FFQ) among Chinese children aged 12-17 years. Methods A semi-quantitative 7...Objective The primary objective of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire(FFQ) among Chinese children aged 12-17 years. Methods A semi-quantitative 72-food item FFQ was developed for children aged 12-17 years. The reliability and validity of this FFQ were evaluated against 24-h dietary recalls(24 h DRs) to measure the consumption of foods and nutrients. We administered two FFQs and three DRs to children(N = 160) over a period of 1 month to evaluate the reliability and validity. Reliability was examined by quartile agreement and intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs), and validity was examined by quartile agreement, Bland-Altman plots and correlation with DRs. Results For reliability, the ICCs between the two FFQs ranged from 0.21 to 0.76 for foods and nutrients, and the quartile agreement ranged from 70.0% to 95.0% in the same or adjacent quartiles. Spearman’s correlation coefficients of foods and nutrients between the second FFQ and the 24 h DRs ranged from-0.04 to 0.59. The Bland-Altman plots demonstrated good agreement across the range of intakes among nutrients. The quartile agreement ranged from 50.0% to 100.0%, with infrequent misclassification. Conclusion The FFQ assessment of dietary intakes demonstrated acceptable relative validity and high reproducibility for Chinese children aged 12-17 years.展开更多
Objective This study is aimed to report the development,the reliability and validity of the Chinese Children Physical Activity Questionnaire(CCPAQ)which was designed for the assessment of physical activity pattern in ...Objective This study is aimed to report the development,the reliability and validity of the Chinese Children Physical Activity Questionnaire(CCPAQ)which was designed for the assessment of physical activity pattern in young population in China.Methods The CCPAQ was administered for two times in 119 children(mean age 13.1±2.4 years;boys 47%)to examine reliability by using intraclass correlation coefficients.Validity was determined in 106 participants by agreement with the CCPAQ measures and the objective method,the ActiGraph accelerometer.Data on physical activity patter n including time spe nt on d iff ere nt intensi ties and total physical activity,sedentary behavior as well as physical activity energy expenditure were used to assess the validity with Spearman's correlation coefficient and the Bland-Altman plots.Results The reliability coefficient of the CCPAQ ranged from 0.63-0.93(Intra-class correlation coefficient).Spearman's correlation coefficient for validity of time spent on total physical activity and sedentary behavior were all 0.32(P<0.001),and for physical activity energy expenditure was 0.58(P<0.001).Time spent on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and light physical activity showed a relatively low correlation with the accelerometer(rho=0.20,P=0.040;rho=0.19,P=0.054).Conclusion The CCPAQ appears to be a promising and feasible method to assess physical activity pattern in Chinese children.展开更多
To describe the epidemiologic features of an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） in urban and suburb areas in Beijing and to explore their differences between these two areas. Methods Data of SARS c...To describe the epidemiologic features of an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） in urban and suburb areas in Beijing and to explore their differences between these two areas. Methods Data of SARS cases were collected from daily notification of China Ministry of Health and a database of infectious diseases was established by the Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control （BCDC）. All the data were put into dataset files by Microsoft Exeel-2000 and analyzed with SPSS version 10.0 software. Results The respective urban incidence and mortality rate were 29.06 and 2.21 per 100 000, while the case fatality rate was 7.62%. In contrast, the respective suburb incidence and mortality rate were 10.61 and 0.78 per 100 000, and the case fatality rate was 7.32%. No significant differences were found in demographic characteristics between the urban and suburb areas. Conclusion Beijing urban area suffered a more serious SARS epidemic than the suburb area in 2003.展开更多
Objective To establish and compare the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis （PFGE）, multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis （MLVA） and automated ribotyping for subtyping of Citrobacter strains. Methods P...Objective To establish and compare the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis （PFGE）, multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis （MLVA） and automated ribotyping for subtyping of Citrobacter strains. Methods PFGE protocol was optimized in terms of plug preparation procedure, restriction enzymes and configuration of electrophoretic parameters. MLVA method was evaluated by finding variable number tandem repeats in two genomes of Citrobacter strains. The ribotyping was performed by using the automated RiboPrinter system. Results We optimized the plug preparation procedure, focused on the cell suspension concentration （turbidity of 2.5 to 3.5）, SDS addition （no SDS needed） and lysis time （1 h）, and selected the appropriate restriction enzyme （Xbal） and the electrophoretic parameters （1.0 s-20.0 s for 19 h） of PFGE. There was nearly no discriminatory power of MLVA between Citrobacter strains. For 51 Citrobacter strains, automated ribotyping gave a D-value of 0.9945, while PFGE gave a D-value of 0.9969. Both PFGE and automated ribotyping clustered strains from the same sources （with the same species from the same place at the same time identified as the same source） and divided strains from different sources （from different years, places and hosts） into different subtypes. Conclusion PFGE protocol established in this paper and automated ribotyping are suitable for application in Citrobacter subtyping.展开更多
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a primary cause of illness and death among children younger than 5 years in China. The heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was the only conjugated vaccine (PCV) available in C...Streptococcus pneumoniae is a primary cause of illness and death among children younger than 5 years in China. The heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was the only conjugated vaccine (PCV) available in China from 2008 to 2013. This randomized, controlled, open-label study conducted at 46 Beijing clinics involved 3281 healthy 2-5-year-old Chinese children, randomized 1:1 to receive one dose of the S. pneumoniae heptavalent conjugated vaccine (PCV7) (n = 1643) or Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine (Hib) (n = 1638). The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of PCV7 against that of Hib vaccination in the nasopharyngeal S. pneumoniae colonization in healthy Chinese children. Nasopharyngeal (NP) samples for culture, serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were collected before vaccination and at Day 60 and 180 post-vaccination. A total 3281 children were enrolled in the study. Demographic characteristics were similar among both study groups: 1641 children received PCV7. Before immunization, S. pneumoniae was isolated in 338 and 360 children in the PCV7 (144 PCV7 isolates) and Hib groups (145 PCV7 isolates), respectively. At Day 180, PCV7 vaccination was more effective than Hib vaccination in reduction NP carriage (20.2% [P = 0.052]) and new acquisition (19.0% [P = 0.066]). When reductions in NP carriage and new acquisition of PCV7 VT plus 6A was analyzed, reduction in the PCV7 vaccinated group achieved statistical significance (P = 0.034 and P = 0.042 versus Hib, respectively). NP carriage of NVT increased in both groups (P = 0.305 between study groups at Day 180). PCV7 decreased NP carriage of non-susceptible VT to amoxicillin (P = 0.000), ceftriaxone (P = 0.047) and MDR (P = 0.024) versus Hib. PCV7 vaccination in Chinese children 2 to 5 years of age was more effective than vaccination with Hib in the reduction of S. pneumoniae nasopharyngeal carriage, new acquisition and non-susceptible isolates.展开更多
A population-based case-control study was conducted to evaluate the relative fac^tors in the environments, agricultural works, outdoor activities, and the effectiveness of Lyme borreliosis （LB）- associated personal ...A population-based case-control study was conducted to evaluate the relative fac^tors in the environments, agricultural works, outdoor activities, and the effectiveness of Lyme borreliosis （LB）- associated personal protective measure.c; in Beijing. Thirty-four cases and 272 controls were personally interviewed by well-trained interviewers. Venous blood samples were taken from eac：h subject. Sowing or harvesting in summer （OR=2.571, 95% CI： 1.109-5.962）, living in house with weeding in the yard （OR=2.247, 95% CI： 1.062-4.755）.展开更多
As the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic enters its fifth year,a global decrease in the prevalence of COVID-19 has been observed.Epidemic waves of COVID-19 have occurred across most nations,each predominantly...As the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic enters its fifth year,a global decrease in the prevalence of COVID-19 has been observed.Epidemic waves of COVID-19 have occurred across most nations,each predominantly driven by a particular variant,without evident seasonal or regional patterns[1].However,during winter and spring,when the transmission risk of respiratory pathogens is high,the potential co-circulation of COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases poses significant health risks,potentially straining healthcare systems.展开更多
In response to problems of poor sampling quality,low sensitivity,and high demand for medical personnel regarding the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)oropharyngeal(OP)swab sampling us...In response to problems of poor sampling quality,low sensitivity,and high demand for medical personnel regarding the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)oropharyngeal(OP)swab sampling used in China,we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and acceptability of saliva-based nucleic acid amplification tests(NAATs)in China.The results showed that,using nasopharyngeal(NP)swab results as the gold standard,the overall sensitivities for saliva specimens and OP swabs were 93.3%and 85.0%,the specificities were 92.6%and 93.8%,respectively.The results of an acceptability survey showed that the scores for saliva,OP,and NP samples were 9.46±1.69,8.11±2.42,and 4.58±3.82 out of 10,respectively,with significant differences among the three groups(P<0.05).With higher sensitivity,comparable specificity,and strong public preference,saliva-based NAATs represent a convenient and effective method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in future epidemics.展开更多
Introduction Highly fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky(S.Kentucky)of sequence type(ST)198 has emerged as a global multidrug-resistant(MDR)clone,posing a threat to public health.Methods Whol...Introduction Highly fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky(S.Kentucky)of sequence type(ST)198 has emerged as a global multidrug-resistant(MDR)clone,posing a threat to public health.Methods Whole genome sequencing and antibiotic susceptibility testing was used to characterize the population structure and evolutionary history of 54 S.Kentucky isolates recovered from food and human clinical cases in Beijing from 2016 to 2023.Results All 54 S.Kentucky ST198 isolates exhibited resistance to quinolones,carrying point mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions(gyrA_S83F and parC_S80I).Resistance to other antibiotics(folate pathway inhibitors,cephems,aminoglycosides,phenicols,rifamycin,fosfomycin,macrolides,and tetracyclines),mediated by the sul1,sul2,dfrA14,blaCTX-M,blaTEM-1B,aac(3)-Id,aadA2,aadA7,aph(3')-I,aph(3'')-Ib,rmtB,floR,arr-2,fosA,mph(A),and tet(A)genes,was also observed in different combinations.The Beijing S.Kentucky ST198 evolutionary tree was divided into clades 198.2-1 and 198.2-2,which were further differentiated into three subclades:198.2-2A,198.2-2B,and 198.2-2C.Compared with the extended-spectrumβ-lactamase-encoding gene blaCTX-M-14b in 198.2-1,the co-existence of blaCTX-M-55 and blaTEM-1B,as well as chromosomally located qnrS1,was detected in most 198.2-2 isolates,which showed more complex MDR phenotypes.S.Kentucky ST198 outbreak isolates derived from two predominant clonal sources:198.2-1 with cgST236434 and 198.2-2A with cgST296405.Conclusions The S.Kentucky population in Beijing is genetically diverse,consisting of multiple co-circulating lineages that have persisted since 2016.Strengthening surveillance of food and humans will aid in implementing measures to prevent and control the spread of AMR.展开更多
Background Non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)have been implemented worldwide to suppress the spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,few studies have evaluated the effect of NPIs on other infectious d...Background Non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)have been implemented worldwide to suppress the spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,few studies have evaluated the effect of NPIs on other infectious diseases and none has assessed the avoided disease burden associated with NPIs.We aimed to assess the effect of NPIs on the incidence of infectious diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and evaluate the health economic benefits related to the reduction in the incidence of infectious diseases.Methods Data on 10 notifiable infectious diseases across China during 2010–2020 were extracted from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.A two-stage controlled interrupted time-series design with a quasi-Poisson regression model was used to examine the impact of NPIs on the incidence of infectious diseases.The analysis was first performed at the provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)level in China,then the PLAD-specific estimates were pooled using a random-effect meta-analysis.Results A total of 61,393,737 cases of 10 infectious diseases were identified.The implementation of NPIs was associated with 5.13 million(95%confidence interval[CI]3.45‒7.42)avoided cases and USD 1.77 billion(95%CI 1.18‒2.57)avoided hospital expenditures in 2020.There were 4.52 million(95%CI 3.00‒6.63)avoided cases for children and adolescents,corresponding to 88.2%of total avoided cases.The top leading cause of avoided burden attributable to NPIs was influenza[avoided percentage(AP):89.3%;95%CI 84.5‒92.6].Socioeconomic status and population density were effect modifiers.Conclusions NPIs for COVID-19 could effectively control the prevalence of infectious diseases,with patterns of risk varying by socioeconomic status.These findings have important implications for informing targeted strategies to prevent infectious diseases.展开更多
Introduction:Radon(222Rn or 222radon)is a radioactive gas emitted from building materials,foundations,and soil.Children are especially susceptible to radon exposure,underscoring the need to assess indoor radon levels ...Introduction:Radon(222Rn or 222radon)is a radioactive gas emitted from building materials,foundations,and soil.Children are especially susceptible to radon exposure,underscoring the need to assess indoor radon levels in kindergartens.This study monitored radon concentrations in 37 Beijing kindergartens from June to October 2023.Methods:A random sample of 37 kindergartens was selected from 18 administrative districts in Beijing.The indoor radon concentration was measured using the solid track accumulation method,with radon detectors continuously monitored over a 3-month period.Results:The mean indoor radon level in 37 kindergartens,observed at 252 monitoring points,was 84.3 Bq/m^(3),with values varying from 12.9 to 263.5 Bq/m^(3).About 20.2%of points showed radon levels between 100.0 and 200.0 Bq/m^(3),while 2.4%exceeded 200.0 Bq/m^(3).Notably,radon levels were significantly elevated on the ground floor compared to the upper floors.Conclusion:Indoor radon levels in 37 kindergartens remained below the national standard limit of 300.0 Bq/m^(3) for buildings(GB/T 16146-2015).Nonetheless,18.9%of the kindergartens exceeded the 100.0 Bq/m^(3) limit set for new constructions.It is advised to improve radon monitoring in kindergartens and consider developing a national standard for maximum permissible radon levels in such facilities.展开更多
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major etiological agent of communityacquired pneumonia that accounts for 10%to 40%of communityacquired pneumonia and exhibits distinct cyclic epidemic patterns that recur at 3-to 7-year inte...Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major etiological agent of communityacquired pneumonia that accounts for 10%to 40%of communityacquired pneumonia and exhibits distinct cyclic epidemic patterns that recur at 3-to 7-year intervals,[1-4] Nonpharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)against coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)that were used by countries worldwide during the pandemic significantly reduced the prevalence of M.pneumoniae.[5]After the lifting of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions,M.pneumoniae gradually grew globally.[6]To provide a better understanding of the growth of M.pneumoniae in 2023,we explored the hazards,incidence,diagnosis,and antibiotic resistance of M.pneumoniae.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?Most Chinese smokers have not accessed professional help due to a lack of sufficient smoking cessation services.Mobile health(mHealth)can mitigate obstacles related to time and t...What is already known about this topic?Most Chinese smokers have not accessed professional help due to a lack of sufficient smoking cessation services.Mobile health(mHealth)can mitigate obstacles related to time and transportation,thereby providing effective support for smokers seeking to quit.What is added by this report?This study offers real-world evidence supporting the effectiveness of mHealth-based comprehensive smoking cessation interventions.The findings indicate that these modalities can significantly enhance abstinence rates,albeit to a lesser extent compared to traditional clinicbased treatments.Adherence to the intervention was identified as a critical factor influencing the effectiveness of smoking cessation strategies.What are the implications for public health practice?The mHealth-based comprehensive smoking cessation modalities,with or without mailing cessation medications,present a promising approach to enhancing access to and utilization of smoking cessation services.This strategy addresses the significant challenge of limited smoking cessation resources in China.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Current research regarding hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)has primarily concentrated on the economic impacts,drawing from retrospective or sentinel hospital-based data....Summary What is already known about this topic?Current research regarding hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)has primarily concentrated on the economic impacts,drawing from retrospective or sentinel hospital-based data.This approach often overlooks cases that were either not consulted or were misdiagnosed.展开更多
Summary What is already known on this topic?Mobile health interventions have been demonstrated to be effective in aiding smoking cessation among smokers.Nevertheless,research on this topic remains limited in China.Wha...Summary What is already known on this topic?Mobile health interventions have been demonstrated to be effective in aiding smoking cessation among smokers.Nevertheless,research on this topic remains limited in China.What is added by this report?Following two months of utilizing the services of a comprehensive mobile health(mHealth)-based modality(“Way to Quit”modality)which integrated three online interventions through the WeChat application,29.1%of participating smokers successfully quit smoking.Participants who used a greater number of online services were more likely to cease smoking.All services were scored highly for satisfaction among smokers.What are the implications for public health practice?This study presents a practical and feasible method to assist Chinese smokers in quitting smoking.The results of this research suggest a promising direction for enhancing the accessibility and utilization of smoking cessation services.Additionally,these findings serve as a critical reference for addressing the obstacles faced by smoking cessation services in China.展开更多
After nearly three decades of being virtually drug free, use of heroin and other illicit drugs has re-emerged in China as a major public health problem. One result is that drug abuse, particularly heroin injection, ha...After nearly three decades of being virtually drug free, use of heroin and other illicit drugs has re-emerged in China as a major public health problem. One result is that drug abuse, particularly heroin injection, has come to play a predomi- nant role in fueling China’s AIDS epidemic. The first outbreak of HIV among China’s IDUs was reported in the border area of Yunnan province between China and Myanmar where drug trafficking is heavy. Since then drug-related HIV has spread to all 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. This paper provides an overview to HIV/AIDS transmission through injection drug use in China. It begins with a brief history of the illicit drug trade in China, followed by a discussion of the emergence of drug related AIDS, and a profile of drug users and their sexual partners who have contracted the virus or who are vulnerable to infection. It ends by summarizing three national strategies being used by China to address both drug use and AIDS as major health threats.展开更多
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China [2021ZD0114103]Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research [2022-1G-3014]+3 种基金High Level Public Health Technical Talent Training Plan [xuekegugan-01-019]High Level Public Health Technical Talent Training Plan [xuekedaitouren-01-03]Beijing Natural Science Foundation[7202073]Key research projects of Beijing Natural Science Foundation-Haidian District Joint Fund [L192012]。
文摘Hand,foot,and mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute infection caused by enteroviruses that is commonly seen in children^([1]).High infectivity,large number of asymptomatic infections,complex transmission routes,and rapid spread make it difficult to control HFMD.Since 2008,China has reported> 23 million HFMD cases,including>0.15million severe cases^([2]).HFMD tops the list of notifiable infectious diseases in terms of case number and incidence rate,leading to a huge disease burden^([3]).Timely and accurate assessment of HFMD epidemics is essential for a holistic understanding of the outbreaks and for effective prevention and control strategies.Currently,there are no quantitative indicators to determine the duration and intensity of HFMD epidemics in Beijing.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China。
文摘Since the outbreak of COVID-19,countries and regions worldwide have implemented multifaceted prevention and control measures,including vaccinations,antiviral drugs,mask wearing,and social distancing.However,omicron variants,with significantly increased endogenous and occult transmission.
基金This study received ethical approval from the ethics committee of Beijing Youan Hospital,Capital Medical University[No.(2021)078]the research was implemented in strict conformity with the guidelines outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
文摘BACKGROUND Enhancing awareness and use of pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP)and postexposure prophylaxis(PEP)is vital to curb human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)spread.High-risk behaviors prevalent among sexually transmitted infection clinic outpatients underscore the need for increased PrEP/PEP education in this group.AIM To investigate the effects of both onsite and online health education on the knowledge of,and willingness to use,PrEP and PEP among individuals receiving PEP services.METHODS Participants were drawn from a cohort study on PEP service intervention at an STD/AIDS outpatient clinic in designated HIV/AIDS hospitals in Beijing,conducted from January 1 to June 30,2022.Health education was provided both onsite and online during follow-up.Surveys assessing knowledge of,and willingness to use,PrEP/PEP were administered at baseline and again at 24 wk post-intervention.RESULTS A total of 112 participants were enrolled in the study;105 completed the follow-up at week 24.The percentage of participants with adequate knowledge of,and willingness to use,PrEP significantly increased from 65.2%and 69.6%at baseline to 83.8%and 82.9%at the end of the intervention(both P<0.05).Similarly,those with adequate knowledge of,and willingness to use,PEP increased from 74.1%and 77.7%at baseline to 92.4%and 89.5%at week 24(P<0.05).Being between 31 years and 40 years of age,having a postgraduate degree or higher,and reporting a monthly expenditure of RMB 5000 or more were found to be significantly associated with knowledge of PrEP and PEP(both P<0.05).CONCLUSION The findings show that both onsite and online health education significantly improved the knowledge of,and increased willingness to use,PrEP and PEP in individuals utilizing PEP services.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Programme of China(2021ZD0114103)Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2022-1G-3014)High-level Public Health Technical Talents Construction Project(Academic Leader 02-07)。
文摘What is already known on this topic?Norovirus is the leading cause of global acute gastroenteritis outbreaks.Norovirus outbreaks mainly occur in schools and kindergartens in China,always causing public health issues.What is added by this report?Conditional logistic regression method was used to analyze the risk factors for norovirus outbreaks in schools and kindergartens,and found that students vomiting at school or kindergarten,case activity in public areas,and the first case’s classroom less than 5 meters from toilets were risk factors.What are the implications for public health practice?Effective measures to address these factors can help reduce the risk of norovirus outbreaks in schools and kindergartens.
基金provided by the Science&Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China [grant number:2017FY101101 and 2017FY101103]
文摘Objective The primary objective of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire(FFQ) among Chinese children aged 12-17 years. Methods A semi-quantitative 72-food item FFQ was developed for children aged 12-17 years. The reliability and validity of this FFQ were evaluated against 24-h dietary recalls(24 h DRs) to measure the consumption of foods and nutrients. We administered two FFQs and three DRs to children(N = 160) over a period of 1 month to evaluate the reliability and validity. Reliability was examined by quartile agreement and intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs), and validity was examined by quartile agreement, Bland-Altman plots and correlation with DRs. Results For reliability, the ICCs between the two FFQs ranged from 0.21 to 0.76 for foods and nutrients, and the quartile agreement ranged from 70.0% to 95.0% in the same or adjacent quartiles. Spearman’s correlation coefficients of foods and nutrients between the second FFQ and the 24 h DRs ranged from-0.04 to 0.59. The Bland-Altman plots demonstrated good agreement across the range of intakes among nutrients. The quartile agreement ranged from 50.0% to 100.0%, with infrequent misclassification. Conclusion The FFQ assessment of dietary intakes demonstrated acceptable relative validity and high reproducibility for Chinese children aged 12-17 years.
基金funded by National Scientific and Technological Basic Resources Investigation Program ‘Research and application of nutrition and health system for children aged 0-18 years in China’[2017FY101100]
文摘Objective This study is aimed to report the development,the reliability and validity of the Chinese Children Physical Activity Questionnaire(CCPAQ)which was designed for the assessment of physical activity pattern in young population in China.Methods The CCPAQ was administered for two times in 119 children(mean age 13.1±2.4 years;boys 47%)to examine reliability by using intraclass correlation coefficients.Validity was determined in 106 participants by agreement with the CCPAQ measures and the objective method,the ActiGraph accelerometer.Data on physical activity patter n including time spe nt on d iff ere nt intensi ties and total physical activity,sedentary behavior as well as physical activity energy expenditure were used to assess the validity with Spearman's correlation coefficient and the Bland-Altman plots.Results The reliability coefficient of the CCPAQ ranged from 0.63-0.93(Intra-class correlation coefficient).Spearman's correlation coefficient for validity of time spent on total physical activity and sedentary behavior were all 0.32(P<0.001),and for physical activity energy expenditure was 0.58(P<0.001).Time spent on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and light physical activity showed a relatively low correlation with the accelerometer(rho=0.20,P=0.040;rho=0.19,P=0.054).Conclusion The CCPAQ appears to be a promising and feasible method to assess physical activity pattern in Chinese children.
文摘To describe the epidemiologic features of an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） in urban and suburb areas in Beijing and to explore their differences between these two areas. Methods Data of SARS cases were collected from daily notification of China Ministry of Health and a database of infectious diseases was established by the Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control （BCDC）. All the data were put into dataset files by Microsoft Exeel-2000 and analyzed with SPSS version 10.0 software. Results The respective urban incidence and mortality rate were 29.06 and 2.21 per 100 000, while the case fatality rate was 7.62%. In contrast, the respective suburb incidence and mortality rate were 10.61 and 0.78 per 100 000, and the case fatality rate was 7.32%. No significant differences were found in demographic characteristics between the urban and suburb areas. Conclusion Beijing urban area suffered a more serious SARS epidemic than the suburb area in 2003.
基金supported by the project (grant 2005CB522904 and 2005CB522905) from the Ministry of Scientific Technologythe project (grant 2008ZX10004-001, 2008ZX10004-008, and 2009ZX10004-101) from the Ministry of Scientific Technology and the Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China
文摘Objective To establish and compare the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis （PFGE）, multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis （MLVA） and automated ribotyping for subtyping of Citrobacter strains. Methods PFGE protocol was optimized in terms of plug preparation procedure, restriction enzymes and configuration of electrophoretic parameters. MLVA method was evaluated by finding variable number tandem repeats in two genomes of Citrobacter strains. The ribotyping was performed by using the automated RiboPrinter system. Results We optimized the plug preparation procedure, focused on the cell suspension concentration （turbidity of 2.5 to 3.5）, SDS addition （no SDS needed） and lysis time （1 h）, and selected the appropriate restriction enzyme （Xbal） and the electrophoretic parameters （1.0 s-20.0 s for 19 h） of PFGE. There was nearly no discriminatory power of MLVA between Citrobacter strains. For 51 Citrobacter strains, automated ribotyping gave a D-value of 0.9945, while PFGE gave a D-value of 0.9969. Both PFGE and automated ribotyping clustered strains from the same sources （with the same species from the same place at the same time identified as the same source） and divided strains from different sources （from different years, places and hosts） into different subtypes. Conclusion PFGE protocol established in this paper and automated ribotyping are suitable for application in Citrobacter subtyping.
文摘Streptococcus pneumoniae is a primary cause of illness and death among children younger than 5 years in China. The heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was the only conjugated vaccine (PCV) available in China from 2008 to 2013. This randomized, controlled, open-label study conducted at 46 Beijing clinics involved 3281 healthy 2-5-year-old Chinese children, randomized 1:1 to receive one dose of the S. pneumoniae heptavalent conjugated vaccine (PCV7) (n = 1643) or Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine (Hib) (n = 1638). The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of PCV7 against that of Hib vaccination in the nasopharyngeal S. pneumoniae colonization in healthy Chinese children. Nasopharyngeal (NP) samples for culture, serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were collected before vaccination and at Day 60 and 180 post-vaccination. A total 3281 children were enrolled in the study. Demographic characteristics were similar among both study groups: 1641 children received PCV7. Before immunization, S. pneumoniae was isolated in 338 and 360 children in the PCV7 (144 PCV7 isolates) and Hib groups (145 PCV7 isolates), respectively. At Day 180, PCV7 vaccination was more effective than Hib vaccination in reduction NP carriage (20.2% [P = 0.052]) and new acquisition (19.0% [P = 0.066]). When reductions in NP carriage and new acquisition of PCV7 VT plus 6A was analyzed, reduction in the PCV7 vaccinated group achieved statistical significance (P = 0.034 and P = 0.042 versus Hib, respectively). NP carriage of NVT increased in both groups (P = 0.305 between study groups at Day 180). PCV7 decreased NP carriage of non-susceptible VT to amoxicillin (P = 0.000), ceftriaxone (P = 0.047) and MDR (P = 0.024) versus Hib. PCV7 vaccination in Chinese children 2 to 5 years of age was more effective than vaccination with Hib in the reduction of S. pneumoniae nasopharyngeal carriage, new acquisition and non-susceptible isolates.
基金supported by National Key Program for Infectious Diseases of China(2012ZX10004215-003-001)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Project No.7133234)
文摘A population-based case-control study was conducted to evaluate the relative fac^tors in the environments, agricultural works, outdoor activities, and the effectiveness of Lyme borreliosis （LB）- associated personal protective measure.c; in Beijing. Thirty-four cases and 272 controls were personally interviewed by well-trained interviewers. Venous blood samples were taken from eac：h subject. Sowing or harvesting in summer （OR=2.571, 95% CI： 1.109-5.962）, living in house with weeding in the yard （OR=2.247, 95% CI： 1.062-4.755）.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021ZD0114103)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation-Haidian District Joint Fund(L212056)+1 种基金the Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2022-1G-3014)the High-level Public Health Technical Personnel Training Plan(xuekedaitouren-01-03)。
文摘As the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic enters its fifth year,a global decrease in the prevalence of COVID-19 has been observed.Epidemic waves of COVID-19 have occurred across most nations,each predominantly driven by a particular variant,without evident seasonal or regional patterns[1].However,during winter and spring,when the transmission risk of respiratory pathogens is high,the potential co-circulation of COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases poses significant health risks,potentially straining healthcare systems.
基金supported by Science Program of Beijing City[grant number Z221100007922019]the High Level Public Health Technical Talent Training Plan[grant number xuekegugan-01-019]National Key Research and Development Project of China[grant number 2023YFC0872400]。
文摘In response to problems of poor sampling quality,low sensitivity,and high demand for medical personnel regarding the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)oropharyngeal(OP)swab sampling used in China,we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and acceptability of saliva-based nucleic acid amplification tests(NAATs)in China.The results showed that,using nasopharyngeal(NP)swab results as the gold standard,the overall sensitivities for saliva specimens and OP swabs were 93.3%and 85.0%,the specificities were 92.6%and 93.8%,respectively.The results of an acceptability survey showed that the scores for saliva,OP,and NP samples were 9.46±1.69,8.11±2.42,and 4.58±3.82 out of 10,respectively,with significant differences among the three groups(P<0.05).With higher sensitivity,comparable specificity,and strong public preference,saliva-based NAATs represent a convenient and effective method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in future epidemics.
文摘Introduction Highly fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky(S.Kentucky)of sequence type(ST)198 has emerged as a global multidrug-resistant(MDR)clone,posing a threat to public health.Methods Whole genome sequencing and antibiotic susceptibility testing was used to characterize the population structure and evolutionary history of 54 S.Kentucky isolates recovered from food and human clinical cases in Beijing from 2016 to 2023.Results All 54 S.Kentucky ST198 isolates exhibited resistance to quinolones,carrying point mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions(gyrA_S83F and parC_S80I).Resistance to other antibiotics(folate pathway inhibitors,cephems,aminoglycosides,phenicols,rifamycin,fosfomycin,macrolides,and tetracyclines),mediated by the sul1,sul2,dfrA14,blaCTX-M,blaTEM-1B,aac(3)-Id,aadA2,aadA7,aph(3')-I,aph(3'')-Ib,rmtB,floR,arr-2,fosA,mph(A),and tet(A)genes,was also observed in different combinations.The Beijing S.Kentucky ST198 evolutionary tree was divided into clades 198.2-1 and 198.2-2,which were further differentiated into three subclades:198.2-2A,198.2-2B,and 198.2-2C.Compared with the extended-spectrumβ-lactamase-encoding gene blaCTX-M-14b in 198.2-1,the co-existence of blaCTX-M-55 and blaTEM-1B,as well as chromosomally located qnrS1,was detected in most 198.2-2 isolates,which showed more complex MDR phenotypes.S.Kentucky ST198 outbreak isolates derived from two predominant clonal sources:198.2-1 with cgST236434 and 198.2-2A with cgST296405.Conclusions The S.Kentucky population in Beijing is genetically diverse,consisting of multiple co-circulating lineages that have persisted since 2016.Strengthening surveillance of food and humans will aid in implementing measures to prevent and control the spread of AMR.
基金supported by Chinese Major Grant for the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases(2018ZX10713003)the Australian Research Council(DP210102076)+4 种基金the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council(GNT2000581)WY and BW were supported by China Scholarship Council(number 202006010044 for YW and 202006010043 for BW)SL is supported by an Emerging Leader Fellowship of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council(NHMRCGNT2009866)YG is supported by NHMRC Career Development Fellowship(GNT1163693)and Leader Fellowship(GNT2008813).
文摘Background Non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)have been implemented worldwide to suppress the spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,few studies have evaluated the effect of NPIs on other infectious diseases and none has assessed the avoided disease burden associated with NPIs.We aimed to assess the effect of NPIs on the incidence of infectious diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and evaluate the health economic benefits related to the reduction in the incidence of infectious diseases.Methods Data on 10 notifiable infectious diseases across China during 2010–2020 were extracted from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.A two-stage controlled interrupted time-series design with a quasi-Poisson regression model was used to examine the impact of NPIs on the incidence of infectious diseases.The analysis was first performed at the provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)level in China,then the PLAD-specific estimates were pooled using a random-effect meta-analysis.Results A total of 61,393,737 cases of 10 infectious diseases were identified.The implementation of NPIs was associated with 5.13 million(95%confidence interval[CI]3.45‒7.42)avoided cases and USD 1.77 billion(95%CI 1.18‒2.57)avoided hospital expenditures in 2020.There were 4.52 million(95%CI 3.00‒6.63)avoided cases for children and adolescents,corresponding to 88.2%of total avoided cases.The top leading cause of avoided burden attributable to NPIs was influenza[avoided percentage(AP):89.3%;95%CI 84.5‒92.6].Socioeconomic status and population density were effect modifiers.Conclusions NPIs for COVID-19 could effectively control the prevalence of infectious diseases,with patterns of risk varying by socioeconomic status.These findings have important implications for informing targeted strategies to prevent infectious diseases.
基金Supported by the Construction Project of High-Level Public Health Technical Personnel in Beijing,China(Academic Leader-01-20).
文摘Introduction:Radon(222Rn or 222radon)is a radioactive gas emitted from building materials,foundations,and soil.Children are especially susceptible to radon exposure,underscoring the need to assess indoor radon levels in kindergartens.This study monitored radon concentrations in 37 Beijing kindergartens from June to October 2023.Methods:A random sample of 37 kindergartens was selected from 18 administrative districts in Beijing.The indoor radon concentration was measured using the solid track accumulation method,with radon detectors continuously monitored over a 3-month period.Results:The mean indoor radon level in 37 kindergartens,observed at 252 monitoring points,was 84.3 Bq/m^(3),with values varying from 12.9 to 263.5 Bq/m^(3).About 20.2%of points showed radon levels between 100.0 and 200.0 Bq/m^(3),while 2.4%exceeded 200.0 Bq/m^(3).Notably,radon levels were significantly elevated on the ground floor compared to the upper floors.Conclusion:Indoor radon levels in 37 kindergartens remained below the national standard limit of 300.0 Bq/m^(3) for buildings(GB/T 16146-2015).Nonetheless,18.9%of the kindergartens exceeded the 100.0 Bq/m^(3) limit set for new constructions.It is advised to improve radon monitoring in kindergartens and consider developing a national standard for maximum permissible radon levels in such facilities.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2021ZD0114103)the Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2022-4G-30117).
文摘Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major etiological agent of communityacquired pneumonia that accounts for 10%to 40%of communityacquired pneumonia and exhibits distinct cyclic epidemic patterns that recur at 3-to 7-year intervals,[1-4] Nonpharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)against coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)that were used by countries worldwide during the pandemic significantly reduced the prevalence of M.pneumoniae.[5]After the lifting of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions,M.pneumoniae gradually grew globally.[6]To provide a better understanding of the growth of M.pneumoniae in 2023,we explored the hazards,incidence,diagnosis,and antibiotic resistance of M.pneumoniae.
基金Supported by Beijing Key Specialists in Major Epidemic Prevention and Control from the Beijing Municipal Health Commission and Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(CFH 2024-1G-1062).
文摘What is already known about this topic?Most Chinese smokers have not accessed professional help due to a lack of sufficient smoking cessation services.Mobile health(mHealth)can mitigate obstacles related to time and transportation,thereby providing effective support for smokers seeking to quit.What is added by this report?This study offers real-world evidence supporting the effectiveness of mHealth-based comprehensive smoking cessation interventions.The findings indicate that these modalities can significantly enhance abstinence rates,albeit to a lesser extent compared to traditional clinicbased treatments.Adherence to the intervention was identified as a critical factor influencing the effectiveness of smoking cessation strategies.What are the implications for public health practice?The mHealth-based comprehensive smoking cessation modalities,with or without mailing cessation medications,present a promising approach to enhancing access to and utilization of smoking cessation services.This strategy addresses the significant challenge of limited smoking cessation resources in China.
基金Supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7202073)Key research projects of Beijing Natural Science Foundation-Haidian District Joint Fund(L192012)High Level Public Health Technical Talent Training Plan(Xuekegugan-01-019).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Current research regarding hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)has primarily concentrated on the economic impacts,drawing from retrospective or sentinel hospital-based data.This approach often overlooks cases that were either not consulted or were misdiagnosed.
基金supported by Beijing Key Specialists in Major Epidemic Prevention and Control from the Beijing Municipal Health Commission and Financial Budgeting Project of Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine(ysbz2023002).
文摘Summary What is already known on this topic?Mobile health interventions have been demonstrated to be effective in aiding smoking cessation among smokers.Nevertheless,research on this topic remains limited in China.What is added by this report?Following two months of utilizing the services of a comprehensive mobile health(mHealth)-based modality(“Way to Quit”modality)which integrated three online interventions through the WeChat application,29.1%of participating smokers successfully quit smoking.Participants who used a greater number of online services were more likely to cease smoking.All services were scored highly for satisfaction among smokers.What are the implications for public health practice?This study presents a practical and feasible method to assist Chinese smokers in quitting smoking.The results of this research suggest a promising direction for enhancing the accessibility and utilization of smoking cessation services.Additionally,these findings serve as a critical reference for addressing the obstacles faced by smoking cessation services in China.
文摘After nearly three decades of being virtually drug free, use of heroin and other illicit drugs has re-emerged in China as a major public health problem. One result is that drug abuse, particularly heroin injection, has come to play a predomi- nant role in fueling China’s AIDS epidemic. The first outbreak of HIV among China’s IDUs was reported in the border area of Yunnan province between China and Myanmar where drug trafficking is heavy. Since then drug-related HIV has spread to all 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. This paper provides an overview to HIV/AIDS transmission through injection drug use in China. It begins with a brief history of the illicit drug trade in China, followed by a discussion of the emergence of drug related AIDS, and a profile of drug users and their sexual partners who have contracted the virus or who are vulnerable to infection. It ends by summarizing three national strategies being used by China to address both drug use and AIDS as major health threats.
