Original statement in the Section 2:2.Literature search Our primary screening of 180 articles yielded the relevant data for this study.2.1.Study selection A total of 180 articles spanning from 1960 to the present day,...Original statement in the Section 2:2.Literature search Our primary screening of 180 articles yielded the relevant data for this study.2.1.Study selection A total of 180 articles spanning from 1960 to the present day,including original research,reviews,case reports and studies reporting nitrosamine impurities above the no-observed-adverse-effect levels(NOAEL)established by regulatory agencies,were initially screened.During the primary screening,we considered factors such as relevance,publication date,access to the full article text,and content.展开更多
Curry leaves, scientifically termed Murraya koenigii, are renowned in South Asian cuisine for their flavor enhancement and potential health benefits, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic proper...Curry leaves, scientifically termed Murraya koenigii, are renowned in South Asian cuisine for their flavor enhancement and potential health benefits, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of thermal processing methods on curry leaves by analysing Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), antioxidant activity, and metabolizing enzyme inhibition. Fresh curry leaves were subjected to thermal treatments: Oven-dried at 60˚C and Air-dried at 25˚C for 2 weeks. Extracts were prepared using Ethanol and water solvents. Results indicated that Air-dried leaves exhibited significantly higher TPC (5132.65 mg GAE/100 g) and TFC (243.13 mg CE/100 g) compared to Fresh and Oven-dried leaves. Antioxidant assays show that oven-dried curry leaves at 60˚C displayed higher results in NORS, FRAP, and TEAC assays compared to Fresh and Air-dried leaves. Ethanol extracts showed better extraction of bioactive compounds than aqueous extracts. Moreover, Lipase inhibition activity was notably high, indicating potential health benefits. This study provides valuable insights into the effects of processing methods on curry leaf extracts, emphasizing the importance of solvent selection for optimal extraction of bioactive compounds.展开更多
The presence of N-nitroso compounds,particularly N-nitrosamines,in pharmaceutical products has raised global safety concerns due to their significant genotoxic and mutagenic effects.This systematic review investigates...The presence of N-nitroso compounds,particularly N-nitrosamines,in pharmaceutical products has raised global safety concerns due to their significant genotoxic and mutagenic effects.This systematic review investigates their toxicity in active pharmaceutical ingredients(APIs),drug products,and pharmaceutical excipients,along with novel analytical strategies for detection,root cause analysis,reformulation strategies,and regulatory guidelines for nitrosamines.This review emphasizes the molecular toxicity of N-nitroso compounds,focusing on genotoxic,mutagenic,carcinogenic,and other physiological effects.Additionally,it addresses the ongoing nitrosamine crisis,the development of nitrosamine-free products,and the importance of sensitive detection methods and precise risk evaluation.This comprehensive overview will aid molecular biologists,analytical scientists,formulation scientists in research and development sector,and researchers involved in management of nitrosamine-induced toxicity and promoting safer pharmaceutical products.展开更多
The search for new biomarkers predictive of type 2 diabetes currently constitutes a research avenue in Bioclinical. Total homocysteine remains a preferred target due to its involvement in the occurrence of degenerativ...The search for new biomarkers predictive of type 2 diabetes currently constitutes a research avenue in Bioclinical. Total homocysteine remains a preferred target due to its involvement in the occurrence of degenerative complications in type 2 diabetics. The aim of this work was to study hyperhomocysteinemia and other biochemical markers associated with T2D in the Congolese population. This was an analytical case-control study carried out between October 2022 and October 2023. The study population consisted of 150 subjects including 100 T2D patients and 50 control subjects. The main clinical data were collected on a pre-established form. Homocysteine determination was carried out by the sandwich ELISA method. The other biochemical markers were measured by colorimetric enzymatic methods. Hyperhomocysteinemia was present in 27.3% (41/150) of the entire study population. Type 2 diabetics had a frequency of hyperhomocysteinemia of 36% (36/100) and control 10% (5/50) (p = 0.001). The mean hyperhomocysteinemia concentration was 31.9 μmol/l with extremes ranging from 18 to 103 μmol/l. Means of biological markers between diabetics and controls showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.01). The risk factors associated with this HHcy were: sex (OR = 3.5), age (OR = 9.4), sedentary lifestyle (OR = 3.4) and glycosylated hemoglobin (OR = 12) with a p-value <0.05 respectively. Our results suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia can be considered as a predictive biomarker in the bioclinic of Congolese type 2 diabetic patients.展开更多
Background:This study aimed to determine the effect of different carbohydrate(CHO)doses on exercise capacity in patients with McArdle disease—the paradigm of“exercise intolerance”,characterized by complete muscle g...Background:This study aimed to determine the effect of different carbohydrate(CHO)doses on exercise capacity in patients with McArdle disease—the paradigm of“exercise intolerance”,characterized by complete muscle glycogen unavailability—and to determine whether higher exogenous glucose levels affect metabolic responses at the McArdle muscle cell(in vitro)level.Methods:Patients with McArdle disease(n=8)and healthy controls(n=9)underwent a 12-min submaximal cycling constant-load bout followed by a maximal ramp test 15 min after ingesting a non-caloric placebo.In a randomized,double-blinded,cross-over design,patients repeated the tests after consuming either 75 g or 150 g of CHO(glucose:fructose=2:1).Cardiorespiratory,biochemical,perceptual,and electromyographic(EMG)variables were assessed.Additionally,glucose uptake and lactate appearance were studied in vitro in wild-type and McArdle mouse myotubes cultured with increasing glucose concentrations(0.35,1.00,4.50,and 10.00 g/L).Results:Compared with controls,patients showed the“classical”second-wind phenomenon(after prior disproportionate tachycardia,myalgia,and excess electromyographic activity during submaximal exercise,all p<0.05)and an impaired endurance exercise capacity(-51%ventilatory threshold and55%peak power output,both p<0.001).Regardless of the CHO dose(p<0.05 for both doses compared with the placebo),CHO intake increased blood glucose and lactate levels,decreased fat oxidation rates,and attenuated the second wind in the patients.However,only the higher dose increased ventilatory threshold(+27%,p=0.010)and peak power output(+18%,p=0.007).In vitro analyses revealed no differences in lactate levels across glucose concentrations in wild-type myotubes,whereas a doseresponse effect was observed in McArdle myotubes.Conclusion:CHO intake exerts beneficial effects on exercise capacity in McArdle disease,a condition associated with total muscle glycogen unavailability.Some of these benefits are dose dependent.展开更多
Abstract： The pre and post analytical phase in a testing cycle contributes up to 93% of total laboratory errors. However, pre-analytical phase is primarily responsible for errors. Hence, it is of precise importance f...Abstract： The pre and post analytical phase in a testing cycle contributes up to 93% of total laboratory errors. However, pre-analytical phase is primarily responsible for errors. Hence, it is of precise importance for the laboratory to study error occurrence rates during the testing cycle and implement a quality improvement plan to release an accurate result. The present study was conducted during the period Jan-Nov 2014 in the Central Clinical Lab in Osmaniye State Hospital, Turkey. During period of 11 months, 626897 samples were monitored for major preanalytical problems at the receiving counter of the Central Clinical Laboratory. Among all preanalytic laboratory errors, 35.4% of the errors were associated with clotted sample, 25.5% errors with inadequate sample, and 25.3% errors with hemolysed sample in the laboratory. Assessment considering the departments showed that emergency unit had the highest error rates （hemolysis： 52.5%, lipemic： 42.9%, damaged： 34.6%, clotted： 34.2%, inadequate： 26.8%, wrong material： 17.6%, wrong barcode： 16.7%）. There was significant difference among the departments in terms of preanalytic errors （p 〈 0.001）. Based on these observations, major preanalytic errors are of great concern and needs corrective approach via proper educational programs to related personals. If this area is ignored, that can lead to negative patient outcome. However, a better specimen quality and patient satisfaction are achieved with the high quality personal-based education regarding pre-analytical errors.展开更多
Considering the fact that the results of laboratory tests provide useful information about the state of health of patients, determination of reference value is considered an intrinsic part in the development of labora...Considering the fact that the results of laboratory tests provide useful information about the state of health of patients, determination of reference value is considered an intrinsic part in the development of laboratory medi-cine. There are still huge differences in the analytical methods used as well as in the associated reference intervals which could consequently significantly affect the proper assessment of patient health. In a constant effort to increase the quality of patients' care, there are numerous international initiatives for standardiza-tion and/or harmonization of laboratory diagnostics in order to achieve maximum comparability of laboratory test results and improve patient safety. Through the standardization and harmonization processes of analytical methods the ability to create unique reference intervals is achieved. Such reference intervals could be applied globally in all laboratories using methods traceable to the same reference measuring system and analysing the biological samples from the populations with similar socio-demographic and ethnic characteristics. In this review we outlined the results of the harmonization processes in Croatia in the field of population based reference intervals for clinically relevant blood and serum constituents which are in accordance with ongoing activity for worldwide standardization and harmonization based on traceability in laboratory medicine.展开更多
Dyslipidemia may influence enzymes and transfer proteins needed to the lipoprotein particle remodeling. Calculated indices and evaluation of lipoprotein particle size have widely been used to predict cardiovascular ri...Dyslipidemia may influence enzymes and transfer proteins needed to the lipoprotein particle remodeling. Calculated indices and evaluation of lipoprotein particle size have widely been used to predict cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate HDL particle size and LDL particle size estimate based on TG/HDL-C as well as apoB/apoA-I ratio as possible marker and atherogenic indices, respectively, of cardiovascular disease risk in the presence of dyslipidemia. We evaluated 100 individuals of both gender, without treatment with lipid-lowering drugs, 27 normolipidemic and 73 dyslipidemic, such as isolated hypercholesterolemia (n = 16), isolated hypertriglyceridemia (n = 17), low HDL-C (n = 26) and mixed dyslipidemia (n = 14). The HDL particle size did not differ between groups. The TG/HDL-C ratio was higher in groups with isolated hypertriglyceridemia (4.2 ± 1.5), low HDL-C (5.2 ± 3.1) and mixed dyslipidemia (5.3 ± 1.6). The apoB/apoA-I ratio was increased in all groups of dyslipidemia (apoB/apoA-I > 0.5) when compared to normolipidemic (apoB/apoA-I = 0.5, p < 0.001). There was a positive linear correlation between the TG/HDL-C ratio and the apoB/apoA-I ratio in low HDL-C group (r = 0.507, p = 0.008, Spearman). The results suggest that the evaluations of lipoproteins particles remodeling markers and the use of calculated indices may contribute to the evaluation of cardiovascular disease risk when dyslipidemia take place.展开更多
Nanotechnology is a ground-breaking multidisciplinary fi eld across a broad spectrum of basic and applied sciences for producing and applying nano-sized materials for innovative solutions.The use of nanomaterials in i...Nanotechnology is a ground-breaking multidisciplinary fi eld across a broad spectrum of basic and applied sciences for producing and applying nano-sized materials for innovative solutions.The use of nanomaterials in industrial applications,medical products,and consumers has increased repeatedly over the last few years,and these applications will likely continue to grow.In an aquatic ecosystem,nanoparticles take entry through a direct route that includes industrial discharge,disposal of wastewater treatment e ffl uents,and indirect runof f from the soil.After reaching the aquatic environment,the nanomaterials are highly af fected by their backdrops and subsequently go through various conversions like agglomeration,aggregation,dissolution,sulfi dation,etc.The fate and the behavior of nanomaterials in the aquatic system not only depend on their physical-chemical properties but also on the pH,temperature,salinity,water hardness,and concentration of natural organic matter present in receiving water.In this review,emphasis has been given to the toxicological properties and potential risks of nanomaterials in terms of factors contributing to their toxicology,bioavailability,and accumulation in aquatic organisms as well as the environment.Furthermore,we summarize the published data on engineered nanoparticles’ef fect on aquatic organisms.The issues related to the accumulation and penetration of nanoparticles in the aquatic organism,their toxic ef fect,and biotransformation along with the food web are also discussed.Since nanomaterials are being increasingly released into aquatic bodies,it is important to pay greater attention to their toxicity and how it af fects the aquatic ecosystem.The nanomaterials are bioavailable to plants,resulting in trophic transfer,and they impact other organisms through biomagnifi cation,as discussed in this review.To close the enormous information gap,extensive research on the interactions and impacts of NPs on dif ferent species belonging to dif ferent trophic levels of the aquatic environment and the destiny of NPs along the food chain of the ecosystem is urgently needed.展开更多
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species(ROS)are produced by multiple cellular processes and are maintained at optimal levels in normal cells by endogenous antioxidants.In recent years,the search for potential exogenous ant...BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species(ROS)are produced by multiple cellular processes and are maintained at optimal levels in normal cells by endogenous antioxidants.In recent years,the search for potential exogenous antioxidants from dietary sources has gained considerable attention to eliminate excess ROS that is associated with oxidative stress related diseases including cancer.Propolis,a resinous honeybee product,has been shown to have protective effects against oxidative stress and anticancer effects against several types of neoplasms.AIM To investigate the antioxidant and anticancer potential of Lebanese propolis when applied alone or in combination with the promising anticancer compound Thymoquinone(TQ)the main constituent of Nigella sativa essential oil.METHODS Crude extracts of Lebanese propolis collected from two locations,Rashaya and Akkar-Danniyeh,were prepared in methanol and the total phenolic content was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu method.The antioxidant activity was assessed by the ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)free radical and to inhibit H2O2-induced oxidative hemolysis of human erythrocytes.The anticancer activity was evaluated by[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide]MTT assay against HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cells and MDAMB-231 human breast cancer cells.RESULTS The total phenolic content of propolis extract from Rashaya and Akkar-Danniyeh were 56.81μg and 83.503μg of gallic acid equivalent/mg of propolis,respectively.Both natural agents exhibited strong antioxidant activities as evidenced by their ability to scavenge DPPH free radical and to protect erythrocytes against H2O2-induced hemolysis.They also dose-dependently decreased the viability of both cancer cell lines.The IC50 value of each of propolis extract from Rashaya and Akkar-Danniyeh or TQ was 22.3,61.7,40.44μg/mL for breast cancer cells at 72 h and 33.3,50.9,33.5μg/mL for colorectal cancer cells at the same time point,respectively.Importantly,the inhibitory effects of propolis on DPPH radicals and cancer cell viability were achieved at half its concentration when combined with TQ.CONCLUSION Our results indicate that Lebanese propolis extract has antioxidant and anticancer potential and its combination with TQ could possibly prevent ROS-mediated diseases.展开更多
The elaborate redox network of the cell,comprising of events like turnover of reactive oxygen species(ROS),redox sensing,signaling,expression of redox-sensitive genes,etc.,often orchestrates with other bonafide hormon...The elaborate redox network of the cell,comprising of events like turnover of reactive oxygen species(ROS),redox sensing,signaling,expression of redox-sensitive genes,etc.,often orchestrates with other bonafide hormonal signaling pathways through their synergistic or antagonistic action in the plant cell.The redox cue generated in plant cells under fluctuating environmental conditions can significantly influence other hormonal biosynthetic or signaling mechanisms,thereby modulating physiology towards stress acclimation and defense.There is also strong evidence of the recruitment of ROS as a‘second messenger’in different hormonal signaling pathways under stress.Moreover,the retrograde signaling initiated by ROS also found to strongly influence hormonal homeostasis and signaling.The present review,in this aspect,is an effort towards understanding the regulatory roles of ROS in integrating and orchestrating other hormonal signaling pathways or vice versa so as to unfold the relationship between these two signaling episodes of plant cells under environmental odds.We also accentuate the significance of understanding the utterly complex interactions,which occur both at metabolic and genetic levels between ROS and phytohormones during stress combinations.Furthermore,the significant and decisive role of ROS turnover,particularly the contribution of RBOH(respiratory burst oxidase homologs)in the synergism of redox and hormone signaling during systemic acquired acclimation under stress is also discussed.展开更多
Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are the leading cause of death globally.CVDs are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels and include coronary heart disease,cerebrovascular disease and rheumatic heart disease ...Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are the leading cause of death globally.CVDs are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels and include coronary heart disease,cerebrovascular disease and rheumatic heart disease among other conditions.There are multiple independent risk factors for CVD,including hypertension,age,smoking,insulin resistance,elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels,and triglyceride levels.LDL-C levels have traditionally been the target for therapies aimed at reducing CVD risk.High density lipoprotein(HDL)constitutes the only lipoprotein fraction with atheroprotective functions.Early HDL-targeted therapies have focused on increasing HDL-C levels.However,clinical trials have shown that raising HDL-C with niacin failed to achieve CVD reduction.A possible explanation for these findings is that these drugs could interfere with lipid metabolism and cause alterations in HDL structure and composition,leading to loss of functionality.As a result,targeting HDL-C levels would be insufficient to achieve CVD risk reduction,making HDL functionality a more desirable focus for HDL-directed therapies.There are several drugs which show the potential to improve HDL functionality.These drugs include molecules already approved for human use,such as statins and niacin,and particularly,compounds currently undergoing development such as apolipoprotein A-I mimetics and reconstituted HDL preparations.These therapies show promising potential to improve HDL functionality specifically.Future therapeutic strategies should incorporate HDL functionality as a main target of interest.展开更多
In recent years,there has been a growing interest in exploring alternative treatments for bone defects.Bone tissue engineering has turned its attention to plant extracts containing osteogenic flavonoids as potential p...In recent years,there has been a growing interest in exploring alternative treatments for bone defects.Bone tissue engineering has turned its attention to plant extracts containing osteogenic flavonoids as potential promoters of bone regeneration.In our study,we specifically investigated the extract of Petroselinum crispum,a plant known for its abundance of osteogenic flavonoids such as apigenin,quercetin,and kaempferol.Our objective was to compare the total flavonoid content(TFC)and their accumulation in different sources.We obtained hydrolyzed aqueous extracts from the leaves of parsley plants(grown for 12 weeks in the field),weekly embryogenic cultures,and suspension cell cultures.The TFC,measured in mg quercetin equivalent per gram of dry weight(QE mg/g dw),was found to be 53.81±0.97 for 52 g dw of leaves(1 kg plant fw),31.10±1.52 for 420 g dw of embryogenic cultures,and 11.80±0.76 for 210 g dw of cell suspensions.Notably,only the leaves and embryogenic cultures showed significant accumulation of osteogenic flavonoids,with apigenin levels of 1.8±0.3 and 0.32±0.02 mg/g dw,and kaempferol levels of 1.0±0.18 and 0.2±0.01 mg/g dw,respectively.Our findings indicate that embryogenic cultures have the potential to produce up to 40%more apigenin in 12 weeks compared to 1 kg of parsley plant,thanks to their superior biomass reproductive competence.These results present a promising biotechnological approach for generating extracts enriched with bioactive compounds,which can be further utilized in in vitro osteogenic testing.展开更多
Breast milk is important for infant health. Some of its benefits are due to the presence of a specific population of bacteria in the microflora. However, the microbiome of breast milk is influenced by many parameters ...Breast milk is important for infant health. Some of its benefits are due to the presence of a specific population of bacteria in the microflora. However, the microbiome of breast milk is influenced by many parameters such as maternal diet, breastfeeding and geographic location. Culture and non-culture methods have been used in studies of this bacterial population worldwide. But in the DR Congo, there was no study reporting the use of culture-independent techniques to characterize the bacterial diversity of human milk. The aim of this study was to identify the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from two genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. The 16S rRNA gene was also identified from four species: Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium lactis. This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Kinshasa. Breast milk from some healthy women was collected from February 2 to 28, 2018. A culture-independent protocol using the classical polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The 68 samples of breast milk were collected in a sterile condition. The bacteria-specific ribosomal gene 16S rRNA was detected in 91.18% of Lactobacillus and 32.35% of Bifidobacterium at genus level. At of species level, only Lactobacillus reuteri 16S rRNA gene was identified in 89.71%. The 16S rRNA gene from the other species could not be amplified. There was also an association between educational level and the presence of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus 16S rRNA genes in the breast milk (p = 0.008*, p Conclusion: This study demonstrates the presence of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in breast milk at the genus and Lactobacillus reuteri at species level. A further study on the diet, use of antibiotics during pregnancy and lactation practice will provide a better understanding of the microflora of breast milk.展开更多
Introduction: A higher risk of death is associated with wasting in children if it is not treated properly. The objective of this study was to investigate the ionic disorders observed in infants suffering from severe w...Introduction: A higher risk of death is associated with wasting in children if it is not treated properly. The objective of this study was to investigate the ionic disorders observed in infants suffering from severe wasting at Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital (YO-TH) and at Charles de Gaulle Pediatric Teaching Hospital (CDG-PTH) in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Methods: This was a retrospective study with a descriptive and analytical aim over the period from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020. Results: It concerned infants aged 6 to 24 months hospitalized at YO-TH and at CDG-PTH from Ouagadougou. We included 271 infants. The mean age of the infants was 14.48 ± 5.44 months with 42.07% which was in the age range of [12 - 18] months. On admission to the hospital, the children had an average weight, height and BMI of 6.22 ± 1.32 kg, 0.73 ± 0.07 m and 11.67 ± 1.53 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. In urban areas 56.46% of children and the main reasons for consultation were fever (88.19%), vomiting (52.80%) and diarrhea (50.20%). Electrolyte disturbances in emaciated infants affected all 8 parameters of the blood ionogram. However, the major disorders were 65.68% hyponatremia, 55.35% hypobicarbonatemia, 41.33% hypoprotidemia and 32.47% hypokalemia in infants aged 6 to 24 months. We found an association between diarrhea and residence with hypokalemia (p = 0.0000) and hypochloremia (p = 0.010), respectively. Conclusion: Severe acute wasting in infants 6 to 24 months of age remains a concern in the hospital setting. The frequency of biochemical disturbances is also high.展开更多
Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to examine the effect of nutritional and bioactive compounds of legume milk chocolate as well as the sensory to document the extend of variations and their significance ...Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to examine the effect of nutritional and bioactive compounds of legume milk chocolate as well as the sensory to document the extend of variations and their significance with plant sources. PCA identified eight significant principle components, that reduce the size of the variables into one principal component in physiochemical analysis interpreting 73.5% of the total variability with/and 78.6% of total variability explained in sensory evaluation. Score plot indicates that Double Bean milk chocolate in-corporated with MOL and CML in nutritional profile have high positive correlations. In nutritional evaluation, carbohydrates and fat content shows negative/minimal correlations whereas no negative correlations were found in sensory evaluation which implies every sensorial variable had high correlation with each other.展开更多
Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains a major global public health problem. This complex metabolic disorder can lead to various complications, including cardiovascular diseases (leading cause of death) in T2D. Amo...Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains a major global public health problem. This complex metabolic disorder can lead to various complications, including cardiovascular diseases (leading cause of death) in T2D. Among the biochemical markers associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease, homocysteine is currently one of the predictive markers under evaluation. We investigate the link between hyperhomocysteinemia and diabetes complications in DT2 population in Brazzaville. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study, from October to December 2022. One hundred and fifty participants were included, 100 patients T2D (34 with complications, 33 with comorbidities, 33 without), and 50 patients controls. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected. Homocysteine (Hcy) serum levels were measured using Sandwich ELISA method. Results: Study population was composed of 50% males and 50% females with sex ratio of 1;mean age was 52.2 ± 10.8 years (30 - 83). The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) was 36% (20% moderate Hcy, 15% intermediate and 1% severe). Mean Hcy concentration was 31.9 μmol/l (18 - 103). Age, gender and physical inactivity were strongly correlated to Hcy (OR of 3.5;9.4 and 3 respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that HHcy was a risk accelerator for degenerative complications (stroke: OR = 6.2;ischemic heart disease: 4.9;neuropathy: 9.2;retinopathy: 4.5 and peripheral arterial disease: 4.9). Conclusion: These findings suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia can be considered as a predictive marker to be taken into account in targeting cardiovascular risk in Congolese subjects with T2D.展开更多
Introduction: The sixth month appointment (M6) is crucial because at the start of the ART course, it is an indicator of the prognosis of the evolution of care and decision-making on the continuity of treatment. Object...Introduction: The sixth month appointment (M6) is crucial because at the start of the ART course, it is an indicator of the prognosis of the evolution of care and decision-making on the continuity of treatment. Objective: The objective of this study is therefore to present the profile of People Living with HIV under treatment with Dolutegravir 6 months after starting ART in Kinshasa. Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional view at M6 of a prospective cohort to determine the profile of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) after 6 months of ARV Treatment (ART) in Kinshasa, DRC. During the M6 appointment, from April to August 2022, a sample of 5 ml of blood was taken for the various analyzes from all HIV patients included. The collection of sociodemographic data as well as biological and clinical data was carried out under the same conditions as at inclusion. The parameters recorded during M6 were: age, sex, and religion, level of study, marital status, profession, socio-economic level, height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), clinical profile, opportunistic infections as well as biochemical and molecular assessment. Results: In M6, 62 patients were registered including 38 women (61.3%), thus giving a sex ratio of 1.58 in favor of women. Fifty-seven (57) patients did not respond to the appointment, representing a loss rate of 47.89%. The most common age group is between 36 and 45 years old with 16 patients (26.7%). The mean age was 42.4 ± 13.3 years. The mean weight was 60.5 ± 15.4 kg with a mean BMI of 22.6 ± 5.8 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Thirty-four (34) patients (61.82%) were in Clinical Stage 3. Thirty-six (36) patients (67.92%) had a normal clinical condition. The most common opportunistic infections among patients in M6 were: skin pruritus (25.8%), dermatitis (22.6%) and rash (21%). The mean values of biochemical parameters of patients in M6 were within normal ranges. The median VL value was 2.92 log10 RNA copies/ml with 17.75% of patients experiencing major failure of first-line treatment. Subtype A is dominant with 13 cases (20.98%);followed by CRF02_AG (16.13%) and C subtypes (14.52%). The mutations K65R (3 cases), T69P/N (6 cases), K70R (9 cases) and M184V (8 cases) were listed in M6. Conclusion: After 6 months of treatment, the majority of patients are in clinical stage 3 with a normal clinical state. Skin infections are the majority opportunistic infections. Certain biological parameters are considerably altered. A high virological failure rate with the presence of certain mutations associated with resistance to Lamivudine and Tenofovir.展开更多
AIM： To determine the serum levels of c-reactive protein （CRP）, transferrin （TRF）, a2-macroglobulin （A2M）, ceruloplasmin （CER）, al-acid glycoprotein （AAG）, prealbumin （P-ALB） and retinol-binding protein ...AIM： To determine the serum levels of c-reactive protein （CRP）, transferrin （TRF）, a2-macroglobulin （A2M）, ceruloplasmin （CER）, al-acid glycoprotein （AAG）, prealbumin （P-ALB） and retinol-binding protein （RBP） in gastric carcinoma patients and to explore their possible correlation with underlying Helicobacter pylori （H pylon） infection. METHODS： We measured the serum levels of CRP, TRF, A2M, CER, AAG, P-ALB, and RBP in 153 preoperative patients （93 males; mean age： 63.1±11.3 years） with non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma and 19 healthy subjects. RESULTS： The levels of CRP, CER, RBP, and AAG in cancer patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls （P〈0.0001）, while no difference was found regarding the TRF, P-ALB, and A2M levels. Cancer patients with H py/ori infection had significantly lower RBP values compared to non-infected ones （P〈0.0001） and also higher values of CRP and AAG （P = 0.09 andP = 0.08, respectively）. CONCLUSION： High serum levels of CRP, CER and AAG in cancer patients do not seem to be related to H pylori infection. Retinol-binding protein seems to discriminate between infected and non-infected patients with gastric carcinoma. Further studies are needed to explore if it is directly involved in the pathogenesis of the disease or is merely an epiphenomenon.展开更多
AIM： To study the role of hepatic sinusoidal capillarization and perisinusoidal fibrosis in rats with alcohol-induced portal hypertension and to discuss the pathological mechanisms of alcohol-induced hepatic portal h...AIM： To study the role of hepatic sinusoidal capillarization and perisinusoidal fibrosis in rats with alcohol-induced portal hypertension and to discuss the pathological mechanisms of alcohol-induced hepatic portal hypertension. METHODS： Fifty SD rats were divided into control group （n=20） and model group （n=30）. Alcoholic liver fibrosis rat model was induced by intragastric infusion of a mixture containing alcohol, corn oil and pyrazole （1 000：250：3）. Fifteen rats in each group were killed at wk 16. The diameter and pressure of portal vein were measured. Plasma hyaluronic acid （HA）, type IV collagen （COW） and laminin （LN） were determined by radioimmunoassay. Liver tissue was fixed in formalin （10%） and 6-μm thick sections were routinely stained with Mallory and Sirius Red. Liver tissue was treated with rabbit polydonal antibody against LN and ColⅣ. Hepatic non-parenchymal cells were isolated, total protein was extracted and separated by SDS-PAGE. MMP-2 and TIMP-1 protein expression was estimated by Western blotting. RESULTS： The diameter （2.207 ± 0.096 vs 1.528±0.054 mm, P〈0.01） and pressure （11.014±0.395 vs 8.533±0.274 mmHg, P〈0.01） of portal vein were significantly higher in model group than those in the control group. Plasma HA （129.97±16.10 vs 73.09±2.38 ng/mL, P〈0.01）, ColⅣ （210.49±4.36 vs 89.65±4.42 ng/mL, P〈0.01） and LN （105.00±7.29 vs 55.70±4.32 ng/mL, P〈0.01） were upregulated in model group. Abundant collagen deposited around the central vein of Iobules, hepatic sinusoids and hepatocytes in model group. ColⅠ and ColⅢ increased remarkably and perisinusoids were almost surrounded by ColⅢ. Immunohistochemical staining showed that ColⅣ protein level （0.130±0.007 vs 0.032±0.004, P〈0.01） and LN protein level （0.152±0.005 vs 0.029±0.005, P〈0.01） were up-regulated remarkably in model group. MMP-2 protein expression （2.306±1.089 vs 0.612±0.081, P〈0.01） and TIMP-1 protein expression （3.015±1.364 vs 0.446±0.009, P〈0.01） in freshly isolated hepatic nonparenchymal cells were up-regulated in model group and TIMP-1 protein expression was evidently higher than MMP-2 protein expression （2.669±0.170 vs 1.695±0.008, P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： Hepatic sinusoidal capillarization and peri-sinusoidal fibrosis are responsible for alcoholinduced portal hypertension in rats,展开更多
文摘Original statement in the Section 2:2.Literature search Our primary screening of 180 articles yielded the relevant data for this study.2.1.Study selection A total of 180 articles spanning from 1960 to the present day,including original research,reviews,case reports and studies reporting nitrosamine impurities above the no-observed-adverse-effect levels(NOAEL)established by regulatory agencies,were initially screened.During the primary screening,we considered factors such as relevance,publication date,access to the full article text,and content.
文摘Curry leaves, scientifically termed Murraya koenigii, are renowned in South Asian cuisine for their flavor enhancement and potential health benefits, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of thermal processing methods on curry leaves by analysing Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), antioxidant activity, and metabolizing enzyme inhibition. Fresh curry leaves were subjected to thermal treatments: Oven-dried at 60˚C and Air-dried at 25˚C for 2 weeks. Extracts were prepared using Ethanol and water solvents. Results indicated that Air-dried leaves exhibited significantly higher TPC (5132.65 mg GAE/100 g) and TFC (243.13 mg CE/100 g) compared to Fresh and Oven-dried leaves. Antioxidant assays show that oven-dried curry leaves at 60˚C displayed higher results in NORS, FRAP, and TEAC assays compared to Fresh and Air-dried leaves. Ethanol extracts showed better extraction of bioactive compounds than aqueous extracts. Moreover, Lipase inhibition activity was notably high, indicating potential health benefits. This study provides valuable insights into the effects of processing methods on curry leaf extracts, emphasizing the importance of solvent selection for optimal extraction of bioactive compounds.
文摘The presence of N-nitroso compounds,particularly N-nitrosamines,in pharmaceutical products has raised global safety concerns due to their significant genotoxic and mutagenic effects.This systematic review investigates their toxicity in active pharmaceutical ingredients(APIs),drug products,and pharmaceutical excipients,along with novel analytical strategies for detection,root cause analysis,reformulation strategies,and regulatory guidelines for nitrosamines.This review emphasizes the molecular toxicity of N-nitroso compounds,focusing on genotoxic,mutagenic,carcinogenic,and other physiological effects.Additionally,it addresses the ongoing nitrosamine crisis,the development of nitrosamine-free products,and the importance of sensitive detection methods and precise risk evaluation.This comprehensive overview will aid molecular biologists,analytical scientists,formulation scientists in research and development sector,and researchers involved in management of nitrosamine-induced toxicity and promoting safer pharmaceutical products.
文摘The search for new biomarkers predictive of type 2 diabetes currently constitutes a research avenue in Bioclinical. Total homocysteine remains a preferred target due to its involvement in the occurrence of degenerative complications in type 2 diabetics. The aim of this work was to study hyperhomocysteinemia and other biochemical markers associated with T2D in the Congolese population. This was an analytical case-control study carried out between October 2022 and October 2023. The study population consisted of 150 subjects including 100 T2D patients and 50 control subjects. The main clinical data were collected on a pre-established form. Homocysteine determination was carried out by the sandwich ELISA method. The other biochemical markers were measured by colorimetric enzymatic methods. Hyperhomocysteinemia was present in 27.3% (41/150) of the entire study population. Type 2 diabetics had a frequency of hyperhomocysteinemia of 36% (36/100) and control 10% (5/50) (p = 0.001). The mean hyperhomocysteinemia concentration was 31.9 μmol/l with extremes ranging from 18 to 103 μmol/l. Means of biological markers between diabetics and controls showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.01). The risk factors associated with this HHcy were: sex (OR = 3.5), age (OR = 9.4), sedentary lifestyle (OR = 3.4) and glycosylated hemoglobin (OR = 12) with a p-value <0.05 respectively. Our results suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia can be considered as a predictive biomarker in the bioclinic of Congolese type 2 diabetic patients.
基金supported by a Sara Borrell postdoctoral contract granted by Instituto de Salud Carlos III(CD21/00138).PLV,DB-G and AL are funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and Fondos Feder(Alejandro Lucia,Grant No.PI18/00139)TP is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and Fondos Feder(Tomas Pinos,Grant No.PI22/00201).
文摘Background:This study aimed to determine the effect of different carbohydrate(CHO)doses on exercise capacity in patients with McArdle disease—the paradigm of“exercise intolerance”,characterized by complete muscle glycogen unavailability—and to determine whether higher exogenous glucose levels affect metabolic responses at the McArdle muscle cell(in vitro)level.Methods:Patients with McArdle disease(n=8)and healthy controls(n=9)underwent a 12-min submaximal cycling constant-load bout followed by a maximal ramp test 15 min after ingesting a non-caloric placebo.In a randomized,double-blinded,cross-over design,patients repeated the tests after consuming either 75 g or 150 g of CHO(glucose:fructose=2:1).Cardiorespiratory,biochemical,perceptual,and electromyographic(EMG)variables were assessed.Additionally,glucose uptake and lactate appearance were studied in vitro in wild-type and McArdle mouse myotubes cultured with increasing glucose concentrations(0.35,1.00,4.50,and 10.00 g/L).Results:Compared with controls,patients showed the“classical”second-wind phenomenon(after prior disproportionate tachycardia,myalgia,and excess electromyographic activity during submaximal exercise,all p<0.05)and an impaired endurance exercise capacity(-51%ventilatory threshold and55%peak power output,both p<0.001).Regardless of the CHO dose(p<0.05 for both doses compared with the placebo),CHO intake increased blood glucose and lactate levels,decreased fat oxidation rates,and attenuated the second wind in the patients.However,only the higher dose increased ventilatory threshold(+27%,p=0.010)and peak power output(+18%,p=0.007).In vitro analyses revealed no differences in lactate levels across glucose concentrations in wild-type myotubes,whereas a doseresponse effect was observed in McArdle myotubes.Conclusion:CHO intake exerts beneficial effects on exercise capacity in McArdle disease,a condition associated with total muscle glycogen unavailability.Some of these benefits are dose dependent.
文摘Abstract： The pre and post analytical phase in a testing cycle contributes up to 93% of total laboratory errors. However, pre-analytical phase is primarily responsible for errors. Hence, it is of precise importance for the laboratory to study error occurrence rates during the testing cycle and implement a quality improvement plan to release an accurate result. The present study was conducted during the period Jan-Nov 2014 in the Central Clinical Lab in Osmaniye State Hospital, Turkey. During period of 11 months, 626897 samples were monitored for major preanalytical problems at the receiving counter of the Central Clinical Laboratory. Among all preanalytic laboratory errors, 35.4% of the errors were associated with clotted sample, 25.5% errors with inadequate sample, and 25.3% errors with hemolysed sample in the laboratory. Assessment considering the departments showed that emergency unit had the highest error rates （hemolysis： 52.5%, lipemic： 42.9%, damaged： 34.6%, clotted： 34.2%, inadequate： 26.8%, wrong material： 17.6%, wrong barcode： 16.7%）. There was significant difference among the departments in terms of preanalytic errors （p 〈 0.001）. Based on these observations, major preanalytic errors are of great concern and needs corrective approach via proper educational programs to related personals. If this area is ignored, that can lead to negative patient outcome. However, a better specimen quality and patient satisfaction are achieved with the high quality personal-based education regarding pre-analytical errors.
基金Supported by The Ministry of science and technology,Zagreb,Croatia,No.55.3-01-143
文摘Considering the fact that the results of laboratory tests provide useful information about the state of health of patients, determination of reference value is considered an intrinsic part in the development of laboratory medi-cine. There are still huge differences in the analytical methods used as well as in the associated reference intervals which could consequently significantly affect the proper assessment of patient health. In a constant effort to increase the quality of patients' care, there are numerous international initiatives for standardiza-tion and/or harmonization of laboratory diagnostics in order to achieve maximum comparability of laboratory test results and improve patient safety. Through the standardization and harmonization processes of analytical methods the ability to create unique reference intervals is achieved. Such reference intervals could be applied globally in all laboratories using methods traceable to the same reference measuring system and analysing the biological samples from the populations with similar socio-demographic and ethnic characteristics. In this review we outlined the results of the harmonization processes in Croatia in the field of population based reference intervals for clinically relevant blood and serum constituents which are in accordance with ongoing activity for worldwide standardization and harmonization based on traceability in laboratory medicine.
基金Foundation for Research Support of the State of Bahia—FAPESB/SESAB/MS/CNPqFoundation of Research Support and Extension—FAPEX/UFBA
文摘Dyslipidemia may influence enzymes and transfer proteins needed to the lipoprotein particle remodeling. Calculated indices and evaluation of lipoprotein particle size have widely been used to predict cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate HDL particle size and LDL particle size estimate based on TG/HDL-C as well as apoB/apoA-I ratio as possible marker and atherogenic indices, respectively, of cardiovascular disease risk in the presence of dyslipidemia. We evaluated 100 individuals of both gender, without treatment with lipid-lowering drugs, 27 normolipidemic and 73 dyslipidemic, such as isolated hypercholesterolemia (n = 16), isolated hypertriglyceridemia (n = 17), low HDL-C (n = 26) and mixed dyslipidemia (n = 14). The HDL particle size did not differ between groups. The TG/HDL-C ratio was higher in groups with isolated hypertriglyceridemia (4.2 ± 1.5), low HDL-C (5.2 ± 3.1) and mixed dyslipidemia (5.3 ± 1.6). The apoB/apoA-I ratio was increased in all groups of dyslipidemia (apoB/apoA-I > 0.5) when compared to normolipidemic (apoB/apoA-I = 0.5, p < 0.001). There was a positive linear correlation between the TG/HDL-C ratio and the apoB/apoA-I ratio in low HDL-C group (r = 0.507, p = 0.008, Spearman). The results suggest that the evaluations of lipoproteins particles remodeling markers and the use of calculated indices may contribute to the evaluation of cardiovascular disease risk when dyslipidemia take place.
文摘Nanotechnology is a ground-breaking multidisciplinary fi eld across a broad spectrum of basic and applied sciences for producing and applying nano-sized materials for innovative solutions.The use of nanomaterials in industrial applications,medical products,and consumers has increased repeatedly over the last few years,and these applications will likely continue to grow.In an aquatic ecosystem,nanoparticles take entry through a direct route that includes industrial discharge,disposal of wastewater treatment e ffl uents,and indirect runof f from the soil.After reaching the aquatic environment,the nanomaterials are highly af fected by their backdrops and subsequently go through various conversions like agglomeration,aggregation,dissolution,sulfi dation,etc.The fate and the behavior of nanomaterials in the aquatic system not only depend on their physical-chemical properties but also on the pH,temperature,salinity,water hardness,and concentration of natural organic matter present in receiving water.In this review,emphasis has been given to the toxicological properties and potential risks of nanomaterials in terms of factors contributing to their toxicology,bioavailability,and accumulation in aquatic organisms as well as the environment.Furthermore,we summarize the published data on engineered nanoparticles’ef fect on aquatic organisms.The issues related to the accumulation and penetration of nanoparticles in the aquatic organism,their toxic ef fect,and biotransformation along with the food web are also discussed.Since nanomaterials are being increasingly released into aquatic bodies,it is important to pay greater attention to their toxicity and how it af fects the aquatic ecosystem.The nanomaterials are bioavailable to plants,resulting in trophic transfer,and they impact other organisms through biomagnifi cation,as discussed in this review.To close the enormous information gap,extensive research on the interactions and impacts of NPs on dif ferent species belonging to dif ferent trophic levels of the aquatic environment and the destiny of NPs along the food chain of the ecosystem is urgently needed.
基金Supported by the Lebanese University and the Undergraduate Research Experience funds at the American University of Beirut.
文摘BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species(ROS)are produced by multiple cellular processes and are maintained at optimal levels in normal cells by endogenous antioxidants.In recent years,the search for potential exogenous antioxidants from dietary sources has gained considerable attention to eliminate excess ROS that is associated with oxidative stress related diseases including cancer.Propolis,a resinous honeybee product,has been shown to have protective effects against oxidative stress and anticancer effects against several types of neoplasms.AIM To investigate the antioxidant and anticancer potential of Lebanese propolis when applied alone or in combination with the promising anticancer compound Thymoquinone(TQ)the main constituent of Nigella sativa essential oil.METHODS Crude extracts of Lebanese propolis collected from two locations,Rashaya and Akkar-Danniyeh,were prepared in methanol and the total phenolic content was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu method.The antioxidant activity was assessed by the ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)free radical and to inhibit H2O2-induced oxidative hemolysis of human erythrocytes.The anticancer activity was evaluated by[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide]MTT assay against HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cells and MDAMB-231 human breast cancer cells.RESULTS The total phenolic content of propolis extract from Rashaya and Akkar-Danniyeh were 56.81μg and 83.503μg of gallic acid equivalent/mg of propolis,respectively.Both natural agents exhibited strong antioxidant activities as evidenced by their ability to scavenge DPPH free radical and to protect erythrocytes against H2O2-induced hemolysis.They also dose-dependently decreased the viability of both cancer cell lines.The IC50 value of each of propolis extract from Rashaya and Akkar-Danniyeh or TQ was 22.3,61.7,40.44μg/mL for breast cancer cells at 72 h and 33.3,50.9,33.5μg/mL for colorectal cancer cells at the same time point,respectively.Importantly,the inhibitory effects of propolis on DPPH radicals and cancer cell viability were achieved at half its concentration when combined with TQ.CONCLUSION Our results indicate that Lebanese propolis extract has antioxidant and anticancer potential and its combination with TQ could possibly prevent ROS-mediated diseases.
基金DST-SERB(Government of India)for research funding(No.CRG/2021/000513,dated 15/12/2021)UGC-CAS and DST-FIST(Government of India)for infrastructural support for research to the Department of Botany,University of Burdwan,India[No.F.5-13/012(SAP-II),and No.SRFST/LSI/2018/188(C)]+4 种基金the University Grants Commission(UGC),New Delhi,for Junior Research Fellowship(Joint CSIR-UGC)the State Funded Research Grant,Government of West Bengal.India[No.FC(Sc.)/RS/SF/BOT/2016-17/210/1(4)]Department of Science Technology and Biotechnology(DSTBT),Government of West Bengal.IndiaIndian Council for Cultural Relations(ICCR)for India Scholarships(Bangladesh)Scheme,2016-2017(No.DAC/EDU/17/1/2016,dated 10.07.2016)DST-SERB,Government of India.
文摘The elaborate redox network of the cell,comprising of events like turnover of reactive oxygen species(ROS),redox sensing,signaling,expression of redox-sensitive genes,etc.,often orchestrates with other bonafide hormonal signaling pathways through their synergistic or antagonistic action in the plant cell.The redox cue generated in plant cells under fluctuating environmental conditions can significantly influence other hormonal biosynthetic or signaling mechanisms,thereby modulating physiology towards stress acclimation and defense.There is also strong evidence of the recruitment of ROS as a‘second messenger’in different hormonal signaling pathways under stress.Moreover,the retrograde signaling initiated by ROS also found to strongly influence hormonal homeostasis and signaling.The present review,in this aspect,is an effort towards understanding the regulatory roles of ROS in integrating and orchestrating other hormonal signaling pathways or vice versa so as to unfold the relationship between these two signaling episodes of plant cells under environmental odds.We also accentuate the significance of understanding the utterly complex interactions,which occur both at metabolic and genetic levels between ROS and phytohormones during stress combinations.Furthermore,the significant and decisive role of ROS turnover,particularly the contribution of RBOH(respiratory burst oxidase homologs)in the synergism of redox and hormone signaling during systemic acquired acclimation under stress is also discussed.
文摘Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are the leading cause of death globally.CVDs are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels and include coronary heart disease,cerebrovascular disease and rheumatic heart disease among other conditions.There are multiple independent risk factors for CVD,including hypertension,age,smoking,insulin resistance,elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels,and triglyceride levels.LDL-C levels have traditionally been the target for therapies aimed at reducing CVD risk.High density lipoprotein(HDL)constitutes the only lipoprotein fraction with atheroprotective functions.Early HDL-targeted therapies have focused on increasing HDL-C levels.However,clinical trials have shown that raising HDL-C with niacin failed to achieve CVD reduction.A possible explanation for these findings is that these drugs could interfere with lipid metabolism and cause alterations in HDL structure and composition,leading to loss of functionality.As a result,targeting HDL-C levels would be insufficient to achieve CVD risk reduction,making HDL functionality a more desirable focus for HDL-directed therapies.There are several drugs which show the potential to improve HDL functionality.These drugs include molecules already approved for human use,such as statins and niacin,and particularly,compounds currently undergoing development such as apolipoprotein A-I mimetics and reconstituted HDL preparations.These therapies show promising potential to improve HDL functionality specifically.Future therapeutic strategies should incorporate HDL functionality as a main target of interest.
基金supported by financial assistance from Smart Biotechnology S.A.de C.V.We gratefully acknowledge their contribution and support in the form of funding for this research project.
文摘In recent years,there has been a growing interest in exploring alternative treatments for bone defects.Bone tissue engineering has turned its attention to plant extracts containing osteogenic flavonoids as potential promoters of bone regeneration.In our study,we specifically investigated the extract of Petroselinum crispum,a plant known for its abundance of osteogenic flavonoids such as apigenin,quercetin,and kaempferol.Our objective was to compare the total flavonoid content(TFC)and their accumulation in different sources.We obtained hydrolyzed aqueous extracts from the leaves of parsley plants(grown for 12 weeks in the field),weekly embryogenic cultures,and suspension cell cultures.The TFC,measured in mg quercetin equivalent per gram of dry weight(QE mg/g dw),was found to be 53.81±0.97 for 52 g dw of leaves(1 kg plant fw),31.10±1.52 for 420 g dw of embryogenic cultures,and 11.80±0.76 for 210 g dw of cell suspensions.Notably,only the leaves and embryogenic cultures showed significant accumulation of osteogenic flavonoids,with apigenin levels of 1.8±0.3 and 0.32±0.02 mg/g dw,and kaempferol levels of 1.0±0.18 and 0.2±0.01 mg/g dw,respectively.Our findings indicate that embryogenic cultures have the potential to produce up to 40%more apigenin in 12 weeks compared to 1 kg of parsley plant,thanks to their superior biomass reproductive competence.These results present a promising biotechnological approach for generating extracts enriched with bioactive compounds,which can be further utilized in in vitro osteogenic testing.
文摘Breast milk is important for infant health. Some of its benefits are due to the presence of a specific population of bacteria in the microflora. However, the microbiome of breast milk is influenced by many parameters such as maternal diet, breastfeeding and geographic location. Culture and non-culture methods have been used in studies of this bacterial population worldwide. But in the DR Congo, there was no study reporting the use of culture-independent techniques to characterize the bacterial diversity of human milk. The aim of this study was to identify the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from two genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. The 16S rRNA gene was also identified from four species: Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium lactis. This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Kinshasa. Breast milk from some healthy women was collected from February 2 to 28, 2018. A culture-independent protocol using the classical polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The 68 samples of breast milk were collected in a sterile condition. The bacteria-specific ribosomal gene 16S rRNA was detected in 91.18% of Lactobacillus and 32.35% of Bifidobacterium at genus level. At of species level, only Lactobacillus reuteri 16S rRNA gene was identified in 89.71%. The 16S rRNA gene from the other species could not be amplified. There was also an association between educational level and the presence of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus 16S rRNA genes in the breast milk (p = 0.008*, p Conclusion: This study demonstrates the presence of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in breast milk at the genus and Lactobacillus reuteri at species level. A further study on the diet, use of antibiotics during pregnancy and lactation practice will provide a better understanding of the microflora of breast milk.
文摘Introduction: A higher risk of death is associated with wasting in children if it is not treated properly. The objective of this study was to investigate the ionic disorders observed in infants suffering from severe wasting at Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital (YO-TH) and at Charles de Gaulle Pediatric Teaching Hospital (CDG-PTH) in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Methods: This was a retrospective study with a descriptive and analytical aim over the period from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020. Results: It concerned infants aged 6 to 24 months hospitalized at YO-TH and at CDG-PTH from Ouagadougou. We included 271 infants. The mean age of the infants was 14.48 ± 5.44 months with 42.07% which was in the age range of [12 - 18] months. On admission to the hospital, the children had an average weight, height and BMI of 6.22 ± 1.32 kg, 0.73 ± 0.07 m and 11.67 ± 1.53 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. In urban areas 56.46% of children and the main reasons for consultation were fever (88.19%), vomiting (52.80%) and diarrhea (50.20%). Electrolyte disturbances in emaciated infants affected all 8 parameters of the blood ionogram. However, the major disorders were 65.68% hyponatremia, 55.35% hypobicarbonatemia, 41.33% hypoprotidemia and 32.47% hypokalemia in infants aged 6 to 24 months. We found an association between diarrhea and residence with hypokalemia (p = 0.0000) and hypochloremia (p = 0.010), respectively. Conclusion: Severe acute wasting in infants 6 to 24 months of age remains a concern in the hospital setting. The frequency of biochemical disturbances is also high.
文摘Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to examine the effect of nutritional and bioactive compounds of legume milk chocolate as well as the sensory to document the extend of variations and their significance with plant sources. PCA identified eight significant principle components, that reduce the size of the variables into one principal component in physiochemical analysis interpreting 73.5% of the total variability with/and 78.6% of total variability explained in sensory evaluation. Score plot indicates that Double Bean milk chocolate in-corporated with MOL and CML in nutritional profile have high positive correlations. In nutritional evaluation, carbohydrates and fat content shows negative/minimal correlations whereas no negative correlations were found in sensory evaluation which implies every sensorial variable had high correlation with each other.
文摘Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains a major global public health problem. This complex metabolic disorder can lead to various complications, including cardiovascular diseases (leading cause of death) in T2D. Among the biochemical markers associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease, homocysteine is currently one of the predictive markers under evaluation. We investigate the link between hyperhomocysteinemia and diabetes complications in DT2 population in Brazzaville. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study, from October to December 2022. One hundred and fifty participants were included, 100 patients T2D (34 with complications, 33 with comorbidities, 33 without), and 50 patients controls. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected. Homocysteine (Hcy) serum levels were measured using Sandwich ELISA method. Results: Study population was composed of 50% males and 50% females with sex ratio of 1;mean age was 52.2 ± 10.8 years (30 - 83). The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) was 36% (20% moderate Hcy, 15% intermediate and 1% severe). Mean Hcy concentration was 31.9 μmol/l (18 - 103). Age, gender and physical inactivity were strongly correlated to Hcy (OR of 3.5;9.4 and 3 respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that HHcy was a risk accelerator for degenerative complications (stroke: OR = 6.2;ischemic heart disease: 4.9;neuropathy: 9.2;retinopathy: 4.5 and peripheral arterial disease: 4.9). Conclusion: These findings suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia can be considered as a predictive marker to be taken into account in targeting cardiovascular risk in Congolese subjects with T2D.
文摘Introduction: The sixth month appointment (M6) is crucial because at the start of the ART course, it is an indicator of the prognosis of the evolution of care and decision-making on the continuity of treatment. Objective: The objective of this study is therefore to present the profile of People Living with HIV under treatment with Dolutegravir 6 months after starting ART in Kinshasa. Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional view at M6 of a prospective cohort to determine the profile of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) after 6 months of ARV Treatment (ART) in Kinshasa, DRC. During the M6 appointment, from April to August 2022, a sample of 5 ml of blood was taken for the various analyzes from all HIV patients included. The collection of sociodemographic data as well as biological and clinical data was carried out under the same conditions as at inclusion. The parameters recorded during M6 were: age, sex, and religion, level of study, marital status, profession, socio-economic level, height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), clinical profile, opportunistic infections as well as biochemical and molecular assessment. Results: In M6, 62 patients were registered including 38 women (61.3%), thus giving a sex ratio of 1.58 in favor of women. Fifty-seven (57) patients did not respond to the appointment, representing a loss rate of 47.89%. The most common age group is between 36 and 45 years old with 16 patients (26.7%). The mean age was 42.4 ± 13.3 years. The mean weight was 60.5 ± 15.4 kg with a mean BMI of 22.6 ± 5.8 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Thirty-four (34) patients (61.82%) were in Clinical Stage 3. Thirty-six (36) patients (67.92%) had a normal clinical condition. The most common opportunistic infections among patients in M6 were: skin pruritus (25.8%), dermatitis (22.6%) and rash (21%). The mean values of biochemical parameters of patients in M6 were within normal ranges. The median VL value was 2.92 log10 RNA copies/ml with 17.75% of patients experiencing major failure of first-line treatment. Subtype A is dominant with 13 cases (20.98%);followed by CRF02_AG (16.13%) and C subtypes (14.52%). The mutations K65R (3 cases), T69P/N (6 cases), K70R (9 cases) and M184V (8 cases) were listed in M6. Conclusion: After 6 months of treatment, the majority of patients are in clinical stage 3 with a normal clinical state. Skin infections are the majority opportunistic infections. Certain biological parameters are considerably altered. A high virological failure rate with the presence of certain mutations associated with resistance to Lamivudine and Tenofovir.
文摘AIM： To determine the serum levels of c-reactive protein （CRP）, transferrin （TRF）, a2-macroglobulin （A2M）, ceruloplasmin （CER）, al-acid glycoprotein （AAG）, prealbumin （P-ALB） and retinol-binding protein （RBP） in gastric carcinoma patients and to explore their possible correlation with underlying Helicobacter pylori （H pylon） infection. METHODS： We measured the serum levels of CRP, TRF, A2M, CER, AAG, P-ALB, and RBP in 153 preoperative patients （93 males; mean age： 63.1±11.3 years） with non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma and 19 healthy subjects. RESULTS： The levels of CRP, CER, RBP, and AAG in cancer patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls （P〈0.0001）, while no difference was found regarding the TRF, P-ALB, and A2M levels. Cancer patients with H py/ori infection had significantly lower RBP values compared to non-infected ones （P〈0.0001） and also higher values of CRP and AAG （P = 0.09 andP = 0.08, respectively）. CONCLUSION： High serum levels of CRP, CER and AAG in cancer patients do not seem to be related to H pylori infection. Retinol-binding protein seems to discriminate between infected and non-infected patients with gastric carcinoma. Further studies are needed to explore if it is directly involved in the pathogenesis of the disease or is merely an epiphenomenon.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.30130220Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (2004)
文摘AIM： To study the role of hepatic sinusoidal capillarization and perisinusoidal fibrosis in rats with alcohol-induced portal hypertension and to discuss the pathological mechanisms of alcohol-induced hepatic portal hypertension. METHODS： Fifty SD rats were divided into control group （n=20） and model group （n=30）. Alcoholic liver fibrosis rat model was induced by intragastric infusion of a mixture containing alcohol, corn oil and pyrazole （1 000：250：3）. Fifteen rats in each group were killed at wk 16. The diameter and pressure of portal vein were measured. Plasma hyaluronic acid （HA）, type IV collagen （COW） and laminin （LN） were determined by radioimmunoassay. Liver tissue was fixed in formalin （10%） and 6-μm thick sections were routinely stained with Mallory and Sirius Red. Liver tissue was treated with rabbit polydonal antibody against LN and ColⅣ. Hepatic non-parenchymal cells were isolated, total protein was extracted and separated by SDS-PAGE. MMP-2 and TIMP-1 protein expression was estimated by Western blotting. RESULTS： The diameter （2.207 ± 0.096 vs 1.528±0.054 mm, P〈0.01） and pressure （11.014±0.395 vs 8.533±0.274 mmHg, P〈0.01） of portal vein were significantly higher in model group than those in the control group. Plasma HA （129.97±16.10 vs 73.09±2.38 ng/mL, P〈0.01）, ColⅣ （210.49±4.36 vs 89.65±4.42 ng/mL, P〈0.01） and LN （105.00±7.29 vs 55.70±4.32 ng/mL, P〈0.01） were upregulated in model group. Abundant collagen deposited around the central vein of Iobules, hepatic sinusoids and hepatocytes in model group. ColⅠ and ColⅢ increased remarkably and perisinusoids were almost surrounded by ColⅢ. Immunohistochemical staining showed that ColⅣ protein level （0.130±0.007 vs 0.032±0.004, P〈0.01） and LN protein level （0.152±0.005 vs 0.029±0.005, P〈0.01） were up-regulated remarkably in model group. MMP-2 protein expression （2.306±1.089 vs 0.612±0.081, P〈0.01） and TIMP-1 protein expression （3.015±1.364 vs 0.446±0.009, P〈0.01） in freshly isolated hepatic nonparenchymal cells were up-regulated in model group and TIMP-1 protein expression was evidently higher than MMP-2 protein expression （2.669±0.170 vs 1.695±0.008, P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： Hepatic sinusoidal capillarization and peri-sinusoidal fibrosis are responsible for alcoholinduced portal hypertension in rats,
