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Advancement in the Utilization of Biomass-Derived Heterogeneous Catalysts in Biodiesel Production 被引量:1
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作者 Nurudeen Ishola Mohammed Nassereldeen Ahmed Kabbashi +1 位作者 Abass Olanrewaju Alade Sarina Sulaiman 《Green and Sustainable Chemistry》 2018年第1期74-91,共18页
Solid oxide catalysts derived from various renewable sources have produced significant yield of methyl esters of enhanced purity. These materials are sourced for due to their advantages ranging from low cost, recovera... Solid oxide catalysts derived from various renewable sources have produced significant yield of methyl esters of enhanced purity. These materials are sourced for due to their advantages ranging from low cost, recoverability and reusability, environmental benign-ness, thermal stability and high quality product generation. For a possible greener production process, many researchers in literature reported the use of biomass-derived heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel synthesis producing high quality pure product. The catalysts were majorly modified through simple physical cost effective and energy saving operations. This paper explores some of these bio-based heterogeneous catalyst used in biodiesel production via transesterification and esterification approach and their performance in FAME yield and conversion. The feedstock consideration which warrant the route selection, various approaches that are adopted in biodiesel production, performance of renewable heterogeneous catalyst and the measures that were adopted to enhance efficiency of the catalyst were considerably highlighted. It is observed that the prospects of organic-based solid catalyst in biodiesel development is a promising enterprise compared to the conventional methods utilizing homogeneous chemical catalyst, which generates wastewater requiring treatment before disposal and generates product that may cause engine malfunction. This review work aimed at providing detailed and up-to-date record of the trend in renewable catalyst development in biodiesel synthesis. This is expected to inform a suitable selection and reaction conditions in the development of biodiesel from the very many feed stocks. 展开更多
关键词 BIODIESEL FEED Stocks CATALYSIS Catalyst Performance Biomass-Derived Catalysts
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Optimization of <i>Jatropha</i>Biodiesel Production by Response Surface Methodology
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作者 Nurudeen Ishola Mohammed Nassereldeen Ahmed Kabbashi +1 位作者 Md Zahangir Alam Mohamed Elwathig S. Mirghani 《Green and Sustainable Chemistry》 2021年第1期23-37,共15页
Cost of biodiesel is primarily because of factors such as the feedstock, production process and materials. Apparently, the final biodiesel product is a bit expensive compared to fossil diesel fuel. While non-food feed... Cost of biodiesel is primarily because of factors such as the feedstock, production process and materials. Apparently, the final biodiesel product is a bit expensive compared to fossil diesel fuel. While non-food feedstock of high oil content such as <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Jatropha</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">curcas</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> has been proposed to reduce the cost due to the feedstock, a promising two-step approach of hydro-esterification can possibly offset the production cost for oil resource with high free fatty acids. Most importantly, optimization of the materials and process is expected to reduce wastage, enhance product purity and generate less wastewater. However, optimizing product generation has been dauntingly elusive because several parameters are needed to be considered holistically. In this study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the yield and conversion of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Jatropha</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> biodiesel from </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">J</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">curcas </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">hydrolysate. An optimum Yield and conversion of 96% was achieved for both responses with an optimum temperature value of 60</span><span><span>°</span><span><span>C, 4 wt% for catalyst loading for 6 hrs reaction time. Findings imply that optimization study of </span><i><span>Jatropha curcas</span></i><span> hydrolysate for yield and conversion of fatty acid methyl esters using face centered central composite design of Design Expert 6.0.8 can ensure purity of product, conserve energy and reduce waste generation providing a significant frontier in biodiesel pricing.</span></span></span> 展开更多
关键词 Jatropha curcas ESTERIFICATION OPTIMIZATION Yield Conversion
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Characterization and Functionalisation of Activated Carbon for the Enhancement of Enzyme Catalyst Activity
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作者 Nassereldeen A Kabbashi Yara Hunud Abia Kadouf +3 位作者 Ibrahim Adebayo Bello Elwathig M.Saeed Lubna Mohamed Musa Nassereldeen Ahmed Kabbashi 《材料科学与工程(中英文B版)》 2021年第2期81-87,共7页
Background and objective:Activated carbon is commonly used as an immobilisation matrix due to its large surface area,making it a highly desirable matrix for use in immobilising enzymes as preparation for use on the in... Background and objective:Activated carbon is commonly used as an immobilisation matrix due to its large surface area,making it a highly desirable matrix for use in immobilising enzymes as preparation for use on the industrial scale.The objective of this research is to determine the effectiveness of different acids for functionalisation on immobilisation capacity and also to characterize the functionalized activated carbon for the functional groups present.Materials and methods:Activated carbon was functionalised with three acids(hydrochloric acid,nitric acid and sulphuric acid)along with a control sample washed with distilled water.Immobilisation capacity was calculated with hydrochloric acid functionalized activated carbon(HCl-FAC)giving the highest immobilization capacity(6.022 U/g).Characterisation of the functionalised activated carbon was conducted using FT-IR(Fourier Transform Infra-Red)spectroscopy analysis of the samples with the aim of analyzing the various functional groups present to determine the sample with distinct characteristics thus telling the degree of adsorption of lipase onto the activated carbon powder.Results:HNO3-FAC(functionalized activated carbon)showed a very distinct pattern as a larger number of surface functional groups emerged.The immobilisation on a matrix ensures thermal stability and increased reusability of the enzyme.Therefore,in this research,lipase sourced from Candida antarctica was immobilised on acid functionalised activated carbon.The best acid for functionalisation was found to be hydrochloric acid.Conclusion:Due to the very distinct patterns shown by the FT-IR spectrum of the HNO3-FAC after a fair comparison with others,it allows for a larger number of surface functional groups which will definitely enhance the stability of the enzyme lipase. 展开更多
关键词 Activated carbon CHARACTERIZATION functionalized activated carbon enzyme activity
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Comparative study of the characterisation and extraction techniques of polyphenolic compounds from Acacia seyal gum
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作者 Ahmed A.M.Elnour Mohamed E.S.Mirghani +4 位作者 Nassereldeen A.Kabbashi Khalid Hamid Musa Fahimeh Shahabipour Nureddin Ashammakhi Nour Hamid Abdurahman 《Food Quality and Safety》 SCIE CSCD 2022年第1期24-33,共10页
Background Acacia seyal gum(ASG)is an abundant source of natural polyphenolic compounds(NPPCs)and antioxidant activity with numerous benefits and is often used in cancer treatment.The type of extraction technique can ... Background Acacia seyal gum(ASG)is an abundant source of natural polyphenolic compounds(NPPCs)and antioxidant activity with numerous benefits and is often used in cancer treatment.The type of extraction technique can significantly impact the yield and isolation of NPPCs from ASG.The traditional use of maceration extraction reportedly yields fewer NPPCs.Objectives This study investigated five extraction techniques for NPPCs and ASG antioxidant activity,namely:homogenisation,shaking,ultrasonication,magneticstirring,andmaceration.Materials and methods The evaluation of the antioxidant activity(AoA)of the extracted NPPCs from ASG used five assays,namely:total flavonoids content,Folin-Ciocalteu index,2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity,ferric reducing antioxidant power,and cupric reducingantioxidantcapacity.Results To minimise the data set dimensionality requires principal component analysis.The ultrasonic and maceration techniques were the best techniques to extract NPPCs and examine the AoA of ASG,with a high correlation between the NPPCs and AoA.However,the maceration process was slow(12 h)compared to ultrasonication(1 h).Slow extraction can result in a decline of the NPPCs due to polyphenol oxidase-enzyme and impact productivity.Conclusions These findings provide an essential guide for the choice of extraction techniques for the effective extraction of NPPCs from ASG and other plant materials. 展开更多
关键词 Polyphenolic extraction gum Arabic comparison of techniques principal component analysis ultrasonication
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