Grain number per spike(GNPS) is a major factor in wheat yield breeding.A new wheat germplasm Pubing 3504 shows superior features in spike traits.To elucidate the genetic basis of spike and yield related traits in Pubi...Grain number per spike(GNPS) is a major factor in wheat yield breeding.A new wheat germplasm Pubing 3504 shows superior features in spike traits.To elucidate the genetic basis of spike and yield related traits in Pubing 3504,282 F2:3 families were generated from the cross Pubing 3504×Jing 4839,and seven spike and yield related traits,including GNPS,spike length(SL),kernel number per spikelet(KPS),spikelet number per spike(SNS),thousand-grain weight(TGW),spike number per plant(SNP),and plant height(HT) were investigated.Correlation analysis indicated significant positive correlations between GNPS and spike-related traits,including KPS,SNS,and SL,especially KPS.A genetic map was constructed using 190 polymorphic simple sequence repeat(SSR),expressed sequence tag(EST)-SSR,and sequencetagged-site(STS) markers.For the seven traits measured,a total of 37 quantitative trait loci(QTLs) in a single-environment analysis and 25 QTLs in a joint-environment analysis were detected.Additive effects of 70.3%(in a single environment) and 57.6%(in a joint environment) of the QTLs were positively contributed by Pubing 3504 alleles.Five important genomic regions on chromosomes 1 A,4 A,4 B,2 D,and 4 D could be stably detected in different environments.Among these regions,the marker interval Xmag834–Xbarc83 on the short arm of chromosome 1 A was a novel important genomic region that included QTLs controlling GNPS,KPS,SNS,TGW,and SNP with stable environmental repeatability.This genomic region can improve the spike trait and may play a key role in improving wheat yield in the future.We deduced that this genomic region was vital to the high GNPS of Pubing 3504.展开更多
The wheat grain number per spike(GNPS)is a major yield-limiting factor in wheat-breeding programs.Germplasms with a high GNPS are therefore valuable for increasing wheat yield potential.To investigate the molecular ch...The wheat grain number per spike(GNPS)is a major yield-limiting factor in wheat-breeding programs.Germplasms with a high GNPS are therefore valuable for increasing wheat yield potential.To investigate the molecular characteristics of young spike development in large-spike wheat germplasms with high GNPS,we performed gene and protein expression profiling analysis with three high-GNPS wheat lines(Pubing 3228,Pubing 3504 and 4844-12)and one low-GNPS control variety(Fukuho).The phenotypic data for the spikes in two growth seasons showed that the GNPS of the three large-spike wheat lines were significantly higher than that of the Fukuho control line.The Affymetrix wheat chip and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation-tandam mass spectrometry(iTRAQ-MS/MS)technology were employed for gene and protein expression profiling analyses of young spike development,respectively,at the floret primordia differentiation stage.A total of 598 differentially expressed transcripts(270 up-regulated and 328 down-regulated)and 280 proteins(122 upregulated and 158 down-regulated)were identified in the three high-GNPS lines compared with the control line.We found that the expression of some floral development-related genes,including Wknox1b,the AP2 domain protein kinase and the transcription factor HUA2,were up-regulated in the high-GNPS lines.The expression of the SHEPHERD(SHD)gene was up-regulated at both the transcript and protein levels.Overall,these results suggest that multiple regulatory pathways,including the CLAVATA pathway and the meristem-maintaining KNOX protein pathway,take part in the development of the high-GNPS phenotype in our wheat qermplasms.展开更多
In 2007- 2008,a systematic survey,collection and arrangement was carried out for agricultural biological resources and traditional cultural knowledge of Hani People in 8 counties,15 towns,and 23 village committees of ...In 2007- 2008,a systematic survey,collection and arrangement was carried out for agricultural biological resources and traditional cultural knowledge of Hani People in 8 counties,15 towns,and 23 village committees of Yunnan Province. A total of 299 samples were obtained about agricultural biological resources related to production and living of Hani People. According to purpose of utilization,samples were divided into grain crops,medicinal plants,vegetables,fruit trees,and oil crops,taking up 48. 2%,21. 7%,18. 4%,7. 7%,and 2. 0% of the samples respectively. The survey indicated that planting industry and breeding industry take up the dominant role in rural social economy of Hani People,so agricultural biological resources are the fundamental means of production maintaining rural social development of Hani People.The current situation of agricultural biological resources of Hani People in Yunnan,reasons for growth and decline were analyzed,and the utilization,protection and development of agricultural biological resources were discussed.展开更多
Waxy maize is one of the main fresh-eating maize types,and a mutation of the waxy gene causes the waxy character of maize grains.China is rich in waxy maize landraces,and Yunnan and its surrounding areas,are the place...Waxy maize is one of the main fresh-eating maize types,and a mutation of the waxy gene causes the waxy character of maize grains.China is rich in waxy maize landraces,and Yunnan and its surrounding areas,are the place of origin and genetic diversity center of Chinese waxy maize.The six known waxy alleles of Chinese waxy maize are wx-D7,wx-D10,wx-Cin4,wx-124,wx-Reina,and wx-Xuanwei.The mutation sites of these alleles all occur in the coding region of the waxy gene,however,the mechanism by which the waxy characteristic is caused by the mutation in the regulatory region has only been reported rarely in maize.In this study,405 waxy maize landraces from Yunnan were used as materials to identify the insertion and deletion of a large sequence fragment in the upstream~3.5 kb regulatory region of the waxy gene by molecular marker detection.Three different waxy alleles were identifed in this study:wx-PIF/Harbinger,wx-hAT and wxElote2.These three types of mutations all represented transposons inserted into the regulatory region of the waxy gene.Wx-PIF/Harbinger was a 304-bp MITE class transposon insertion belonging to the PIF/Harbinger family,while wx-hAT was a 560-bp MITE class transposon insertion belonging to the hAT family,and wx-Elote2 was a 6560-bp LTR-like transposon insertion.In this study,the alleles were identifed for more than 70%of the waxy maize landraces in Yunnan,which provids a basis for the utilization of these waxy maize landraces.展开更多
Evolutionarily conserved antiviral RNA interference(RNAi)mediates a primary antiviral innate immunity preventing infection of broad-spectrum viruses in plants.However,the detailed mechanism in plants is still largely ...Evolutionarily conserved antiviral RNA interference(RNAi)mediates a primary antiviral innate immunity preventing infection of broad-spectrum viruses in plants.However,the detailed mechanism in plants is still largely unknown,especially in important agricultural crops,including tomato.Varieties of pathogenic viruses evolve to possess viral suppressors of RNA silencing(VSRs)to suppress antiviral RNAi in the host.Due to the prevalence of VSRs,it is still unknown whether antiviral RNAi truly functions to prevent invasion by natural wild-type viruses in plants and animals.In this research,for the first time we applied CRISPR-Cas9 to generate ago2a,ago2b,or ago2ab mutants for two differentiated Solanum lycopersicum AGO2s,key effectors in antiviral RNAi.We found that AGO2a but not AGO2b was significantly induced to inhibit the propagation of not only VSR-deficient Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)but also wild-type CMV-Fny in tomato;however,neither AGO2a nor AGO2b regulated disease induction after infection with either virus.Our findings firstly reveal a prominent role of AGO2a in antiviral RNAi innate immunity in tomato and demonstrate that antiviral RNAi evolves to defend against infection of natural wild-type CMV-Fny in tomato.However,AGO2a-mediated antiviral RNAi does not play major roles in promoting tolerance of tomato plants to CMV infection for maintaining health.展开更多
Manglietia ventii is a wild plant species with extremely small populations endemic to Yunnan,mainly distributed in southeast Yunnan.Due to the continuous deterioration of natural habitats,excessive felling and utiliza...Manglietia ventii is a wild plant species with extremely small populations endemic to Yunnan,mainly distributed in southeast Yunnan.Due to the continuous deterioration of natural habitats,excessive felling and utilization of human beings,and the decline of breeding ability,the number of individuals in the population has decreased significantly.Through field investigation and literature review,the research status of M.ventii in systematics,conservation ecology,reproductive biology,genetic diversity,endangered mechanism and resource protection at home and abroad are systematically reviewed.And the future research direction is prospected.It is necessary to strengthen the research on the basic characteristics of M.ventii,explore the transmission route of M.ventii and deepen the development and utilization of resources,in order to provide a theoretical support for the protection and sustainable utilization of germplasm resources of M.ventii,and provide a reference for the protection of other wild plant species with extremely small populations.展开更多
Taxonomic names are key links between various databases that store information on different organisms.Several global fungal nomenclural and taxonomic databases(notably Index Fungorum,Species Fungorum and MycoBank)can ...Taxonomic names are key links between various databases that store information on different organisms.Several global fungal nomenclural and taxonomic databases(notably Index Fungorum,Species Fungorum and MycoBank)can be sourced to find taxonomic details about fungi,while DNA sequence data can be sourced from NCBI,EBI and UNITE databases.Although the sequence data may be linked to a name,the quality of the metadata is variable and generally there is no corresponding link to images,descriptions or herbarium material.There is generally no way to establish the accuracy of the names in these genomic databases,other than whether the submission is from a reputable source.To tackle this problem,a new database(FacesofFungi),accessible at www.facesoffungi.org(FoF)has been established.This fungal database allows deposition of taxonomic data,phenotypic details and other useful data,which will enhance our current taxonomic understanding and ultimately enable mycologists to gain better and updated insights into the current fungal classification system.In addition,the database will also allow access to comprehensive metadata including descriptions of voucher and type specimens.This database is user-friendly,providing links and easy access between taxonomic ranks,with the classification system based primarily on molecular data(from the literature and via updated web-based phylogenetic trees),and to a lesser extent on morphological data when molecular data are unavailable.In FoF species are not only linked to the closest phylogenetic representatives,but also relevant data is provided,wherever available,on various applied aspects,such as ecological,industrial,quarantine and chemical uses.The data include the three main fungal groups(Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,Basal fungi)and fungus-like organisms.The FoF webpage is an output funded by the Mushroom Research Foundation which is an NGO with seven directors with mycological expertise.The webpage has 76 curators,and with the help of these specialists,FoF will provide an updated natural classification of the fungi,with illustrated accounts of species linked to molecular data.The present paper introduces the FoF database to the scientific community and briefly reviews some of the problems associated with classification and identification of the main fungal groups.The structure and use of the database is then explained.We would like to invite all mycologists to contribute to these web pages.展开更多
This article is the 15th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series,wherein 115 taxa from three phyla,nine classes,28 orders,48 families,and 64 genera are treated.Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the pr...This article is the 15th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series,wherein 115 taxa from three phyla,nine classes,28 orders,48 families,and 64 genera are treated.Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include a new family,five new genera,61 new species,five new combinations,one synonym,one new variety and 31 records on new hosts or new geographical distributions.Ageratinicolaceae fam.nov.is introduced and accommodated in Pleosporales.The new genera introduced in this study are Ageratinicola,Kevinia,Pseudomultiseptospora(Parabambusicolaceae),Marasmiellomycena,and Vizzinia(Porotheleaceae).Newly described species are Abrothallus altoandinus,Ageratinicola kunmingensis,Allocryptovalsa aceris,Allophoma yuccae,Apiospora cannae,A.elliptica,A.pallidesporae,Boeremia wisteriae,Calycina papaeana,Clypeo-coccum lichenostigmoides,Coniochaeta riskali-shoyakubovii,Cryphonectria kunmingensis,Diaporthe angustiapiculata,D.campylandrae,D.longipapillata,Diatrypella guangdongense,Dothiorella franceschinii,Endocalyx phoenicis,Epicoc-cum terminosporum,Fulvifomes karaiensis,F.pannaensis,Ganoderma ghatensis,Hysterobrevium baoshanense,Inocybe avellaneorosea,I.lucida,Jahnula oblonga,Kevinia lignicola,Kirschsteiniothelia guangdongensis,Laboulbenia caprina,L.clavulata,L.cobiae,L.cosmodisci,L.nilotica,L.omalii,L.robusta,L.similis,L.stigmatophora,Laccaria rubriporus,Lasiodiplodia morindae,Lyophyllum agnijum,Marasmiellomycena pseudoomphaliiformis,Melomastia beihaiensis,Nemania guangdongensis,Nigrograna thailandica,Nigrospora ficuum,Oxydothis chinensis,O.yunnanensis,Petriella thailandica,Phaeoacremonium chinensis,Phialocephala chinensis,Phytophthora debattistii,Polyplosphaeria nigrospora,Pronectria loweniae,Seriascoma acutispora,Setoseptoria bambusae,Stictis anomianthi,Tarzetta tibetensis,Tarzetta urceolata,Tetraploa obpyriformis,Trichoglossum beninense,and Tricoderma pyrrosiae.We provide an emendation for Urnula ailaoshanensis Agaricus duplocingulatoides var.brevisporus introduced as a new variety based on morphology and phylogeny.展开更多
Discomycetes are an artificial grouping of apothecia-producing fungi in the phylum Ascomycota.Molecular-based studies have revealed that the discomycetes can be found among ten classes of Ascomycota.The classification...Discomycetes are an artificial grouping of apothecia-producing fungi in the phylum Ascomycota.Molecular-based studies have revealed that the discomycetes can be found among ten classes of Ascomycota.The classification of discomycetes has been a major challenge due to the lack of a clear understanding of the important morphological characters,as well as a lack of reference strains.In this review,we provide a historical perspective of discomycetes,notes on their morphology(including both asexual and sexual morphs),ecology and importance,an outline of discomycete families and a synoptical cladogram of currently accepted families in Ascomycota showing their systematic position.We also calculated evolutionary divergence times for major discomycetous taxa based on phylogenetic relationships using a combined LSU,SSU and RPB2 data set from 175 strains and fossil data.Our results confirm that discomycetes are found in two major subphyla of the Ascomycota:Taphrinomycotina and Pezizomycotina.The taxonomic placement of major discomycete taxa is briefly discussed.The most basal group of discomycetes is the class Neolectomycetes,which diverged from other Taphrinomycotina around 417 MYA(216–572),and the most derived group of discomycetes,the class Lecanoromycetes,diverged from Eurotiomycetes around 340 MYA(282–414).Further clarifications based on type specimens,designation of epitypes or reference specimens from fresh collections,and multi-gene analyses are needed to determine the taxonomic arrangement of many discomycetes.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2011CB100104)the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(2011AA100101)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31071416)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciencesthe National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period(2013BAD01B02)
文摘Grain number per spike(GNPS) is a major factor in wheat yield breeding.A new wheat germplasm Pubing 3504 shows superior features in spike traits.To elucidate the genetic basis of spike and yield related traits in Pubing 3504,282 F2:3 families were generated from the cross Pubing 3504×Jing 4839,and seven spike and yield related traits,including GNPS,spike length(SL),kernel number per spikelet(KPS),spikelet number per spike(SNS),thousand-grain weight(TGW),spike number per plant(SNP),and plant height(HT) were investigated.Correlation analysis indicated significant positive correlations between GNPS and spike-related traits,including KPS,SNS,and SL,especially KPS.A genetic map was constructed using 190 polymorphic simple sequence repeat(SSR),expressed sequence tag(EST)-SSR,and sequencetagged-site(STS) markers.For the seven traits measured,a total of 37 quantitative trait loci(QTLs) in a single-environment analysis and 25 QTLs in a joint-environment analysis were detected.Additive effects of 70.3%(in a single environment) and 57.6%(in a joint environment) of the QTLs were positively contributed by Pubing 3504 alleles.Five important genomic regions on chromosomes 1 A,4 A,4 B,2 D,and 4 D could be stably detected in different environments.Among these regions,the marker interval Xmag834–Xbarc83 on the short arm of chromosome 1 A was a novel important genomic region that included QTLs controlling GNPS,KPS,SNS,TGW,and SNP with stable environmental repeatability.This genomic region can improve the spike trait and may play a key role in improving wheat yield in the future.We deduced that this genomic region was vital to the high GNPS of Pubing 3504.
基金supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2011CB100104)the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(2011AA100101)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31071416)the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th FiveYear Plan period(2013BAD01B02)
文摘The wheat grain number per spike(GNPS)is a major yield-limiting factor in wheat-breeding programs.Germplasms with a high GNPS are therefore valuable for increasing wheat yield potential.To investigate the molecular characteristics of young spike development in large-spike wheat germplasms with high GNPS,we performed gene and protein expression profiling analysis with three high-GNPS wheat lines(Pubing 3228,Pubing 3504 and 4844-12)and one low-GNPS control variety(Fukuho).The phenotypic data for the spikes in two growth seasons showed that the GNPS of the three large-spike wheat lines were significantly higher than that of the Fukuho control line.The Affymetrix wheat chip and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation-tandam mass spectrometry(iTRAQ-MS/MS)technology were employed for gene and protein expression profiling analyses of young spike development,respectively,at the floret primordia differentiation stage.A total of 598 differentially expressed transcripts(270 up-regulated and 328 down-regulated)and 280 proteins(122 upregulated and 158 down-regulated)were identified in the three high-GNPS lines compared with the control line.We found that the expression of some floral development-related genes,including Wknox1b,the AP2 domain protein kinase and the transcription factor HUA2,were up-regulated in the high-GNPS lines.The expression of the SHEPHERD(SHD)gene was up-regulated at both the transcript and protein levels.Overall,these results suggest that multiple regulatory pathways,including the CLAVATA pathway and the meristem-maintaining KNOX protein pathway,take part in the development of the high-GNPS phenotype in our wheat qermplasms.
基金Supported by Special Project of Basic Scientific and Technological Research of the State Ministry of Science and Technology in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period(2006FY110700)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-25)National Crop Germplasm Resource Platform
文摘In 2007- 2008,a systematic survey,collection and arrangement was carried out for agricultural biological resources and traditional cultural knowledge of Hani People in 8 counties,15 towns,and 23 village committees of Yunnan Province. A total of 299 samples were obtained about agricultural biological resources related to production and living of Hani People. According to purpose of utilization,samples were divided into grain crops,medicinal plants,vegetables,fruit trees,and oil crops,taking up 48. 2%,21. 7%,18. 4%,7. 7%,and 2. 0% of the samples respectively. The survey indicated that planting industry and breeding industry take up the dominant role in rural social economy of Hani People,so agricultural biological resources are the fundamental means of production maintaining rural social development of Hani People.The current situation of agricultural biological resources of Hani People in Yunnan,reasons for growth and decline were analyzed,and the utilization,protection and development of agricultural biological resources were discussed.
基金supported by the National Crop Sharing and Service Platform-Yunnan sub Platform,China(NICGR2018-030)the Post-doctoral Targeted Funding of Yunnan Province,China(YRST 2018[168])。
文摘Waxy maize is one of the main fresh-eating maize types,and a mutation of the waxy gene causes the waxy character of maize grains.China is rich in waxy maize landraces,and Yunnan and its surrounding areas,are the place of origin and genetic diversity center of Chinese waxy maize.The six known waxy alleles of Chinese waxy maize are wx-D7,wx-D10,wx-Cin4,wx-124,wx-Reina,and wx-Xuanwei.The mutation sites of these alleles all occur in the coding region of the waxy gene,however,the mechanism by which the waxy characteristic is caused by the mutation in the regulatory region has only been reported rarely in maize.In this study,405 waxy maize landraces from Yunnan were used as materials to identify the insertion and deletion of a large sequence fragment in the upstream~3.5 kb regulatory region of the waxy gene by molecular marker detection.Three different waxy alleles were identifed in this study:wx-PIF/Harbinger,wx-hAT and wxElote2.These three types of mutations all represented transposons inserted into the regulatory region of the waxy gene.Wx-PIF/Harbinger was a 304-bp MITE class transposon insertion belonging to the PIF/Harbinger family,while wx-hAT was a 560-bp MITE class transposon insertion belonging to the hAT family,and wx-Elote2 was a 6560-bp LTR-like transposon insertion.In this study,the alleles were identifed for more than 70%of the waxy maize landraces in Yunnan,which provids a basis for the utilization of these waxy maize landraces.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870146 and 32160619)the Science Foundation of Fujian province(2020 J02014)+1 种基金‘Hundred Talent’of Fujian Province,Yunnan Seed Industry Joint Laboratory(202205AR070001)the Science and Technology Major Project of Yunnan(202202AE090022).
文摘Evolutionarily conserved antiviral RNA interference(RNAi)mediates a primary antiviral innate immunity preventing infection of broad-spectrum viruses in plants.However,the detailed mechanism in plants is still largely unknown,especially in important agricultural crops,including tomato.Varieties of pathogenic viruses evolve to possess viral suppressors of RNA silencing(VSRs)to suppress antiviral RNAi in the host.Due to the prevalence of VSRs,it is still unknown whether antiviral RNAi truly functions to prevent invasion by natural wild-type viruses in plants and animals.In this research,for the first time we applied CRISPR-Cas9 to generate ago2a,ago2b,or ago2ab mutants for two differentiated Solanum lycopersicum AGO2s,key effectors in antiviral RNAi.We found that AGO2a but not AGO2b was significantly induced to inhibit the propagation of not only VSR-deficient Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)but also wild-type CMV-Fny in tomato;however,neither AGO2a nor AGO2b regulated disease induction after infection with either virus.Our findings firstly reveal a prominent role of AGO2a in antiviral RNAi innate immunity in tomato and demonstrate that antiviral RNAi evolves to defend against infection of natural wild-type CMV-Fny in tomato.However,AGO2a-mediated antiviral RNAi does not play major roles in promoting tolerance of tomato plants to CMV infection for maintaining health.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960069).
文摘Manglietia ventii is a wild plant species with extremely small populations endemic to Yunnan,mainly distributed in southeast Yunnan.Due to the continuous deterioration of natural habitats,excessive felling and utilization of human beings,and the decline of breeding ability,the number of individuals in the population has decreased significantly.Through field investigation and literature review,the research status of M.ventii in systematics,conservation ecology,reproductive biology,genetic diversity,endangered mechanism and resource protection at home and abroad are systematically reviewed.And the future research direction is prospected.It is necessary to strengthen the research on the basic characteristics of M.ventii,explore the transmission route of M.ventii and deepen the development and utilization of resources,in order to provide a theoretical support for the protection and sustainable utilization of germplasm resources of M.ventii,and provide a reference for the protection of other wild plant species with extremely small populations.
基金Wen are grateful to The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31460012,No.31200016).
文摘Taxonomic names are key links between various databases that store information on different organisms.Several global fungal nomenclural and taxonomic databases(notably Index Fungorum,Species Fungorum and MycoBank)can be sourced to find taxonomic details about fungi,while DNA sequence data can be sourced from NCBI,EBI and UNITE databases.Although the sequence data may be linked to a name,the quality of the metadata is variable and generally there is no corresponding link to images,descriptions or herbarium material.There is generally no way to establish the accuracy of the names in these genomic databases,other than whether the submission is from a reputable source.To tackle this problem,a new database(FacesofFungi),accessible at www.facesoffungi.org(FoF)has been established.This fungal database allows deposition of taxonomic data,phenotypic details and other useful data,which will enhance our current taxonomic understanding and ultimately enable mycologists to gain better and updated insights into the current fungal classification system.In addition,the database will also allow access to comprehensive metadata including descriptions of voucher and type specimens.This database is user-friendly,providing links and easy access between taxonomic ranks,with the classification system based primarily on molecular data(from the literature and via updated web-based phylogenetic trees),and to a lesser extent on morphological data when molecular data are unavailable.In FoF species are not only linked to the closest phylogenetic representatives,but also relevant data is provided,wherever available,on various applied aspects,such as ecological,industrial,quarantine and chemical uses.The data include the three main fungal groups(Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,Basal fungi)and fungus-like organisms.The FoF webpage is an output funded by the Mushroom Research Foundation which is an NGO with seven directors with mycological expertise.The webpage has 76 curators,and with the help of these specialists,FoF will provide an updated natural classification of the fungi,with illustrated accounts of species linked to molecular data.The present paper introduces the FoF database to the scientific community and briefly reviews some of the problems associated with classification and identification of the main fungal groups.The structure and use of the database is then explained.We would like to invite all mycologists to contribute to these web pages.
文摘This article is the 15th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series,wherein 115 taxa from three phyla,nine classes,28 orders,48 families,and 64 genera are treated.Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include a new family,five new genera,61 new species,five new combinations,one synonym,one new variety and 31 records on new hosts or new geographical distributions.Ageratinicolaceae fam.nov.is introduced and accommodated in Pleosporales.The new genera introduced in this study are Ageratinicola,Kevinia,Pseudomultiseptospora(Parabambusicolaceae),Marasmiellomycena,and Vizzinia(Porotheleaceae).Newly described species are Abrothallus altoandinus,Ageratinicola kunmingensis,Allocryptovalsa aceris,Allophoma yuccae,Apiospora cannae,A.elliptica,A.pallidesporae,Boeremia wisteriae,Calycina papaeana,Clypeo-coccum lichenostigmoides,Coniochaeta riskali-shoyakubovii,Cryphonectria kunmingensis,Diaporthe angustiapiculata,D.campylandrae,D.longipapillata,Diatrypella guangdongense,Dothiorella franceschinii,Endocalyx phoenicis,Epicoc-cum terminosporum,Fulvifomes karaiensis,F.pannaensis,Ganoderma ghatensis,Hysterobrevium baoshanense,Inocybe avellaneorosea,I.lucida,Jahnula oblonga,Kevinia lignicola,Kirschsteiniothelia guangdongensis,Laboulbenia caprina,L.clavulata,L.cobiae,L.cosmodisci,L.nilotica,L.omalii,L.robusta,L.similis,L.stigmatophora,Laccaria rubriporus,Lasiodiplodia morindae,Lyophyllum agnijum,Marasmiellomycena pseudoomphaliiformis,Melomastia beihaiensis,Nemania guangdongensis,Nigrograna thailandica,Nigrospora ficuum,Oxydothis chinensis,O.yunnanensis,Petriella thailandica,Phaeoacremonium chinensis,Phialocephala chinensis,Phytophthora debattistii,Polyplosphaeria nigrospora,Pronectria loweniae,Seriascoma acutispora,Setoseptoria bambusae,Stictis anomianthi,Tarzetta tibetensis,Tarzetta urceolata,Tetraploa obpyriformis,Trichoglossum beninense,and Tricoderma pyrrosiae.We provide an emendation for Urnula ailaoshanensis Agaricus duplocingulatoides var.brevisporus introduced as a new variety based on morphology and phylogeny.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31360015)the Autonomous Deployment Program of the Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.KIB2016002 and Y62B9111Q1)and the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams+2 种基金Peter R.Johnston and Robert Lucking are thanked for providing suggestions during the preparation of this manuscript,Martin Ryberg is thanked for discussion on the evolution of discomycetes and Samantha C.Karunarathna is thanked for suppling some photographs used in this manuscript.Kevin D.Hyde thanks the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Project No.2013T2S0030,for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of BotanyAlan JL Phillips acknowledges the support from Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute(BioISI,FCT/UID/Multi/04046/2013)Anusha H.Ekanayaka was supported by a postgraduate scholarship from Professor Gareth Jones.Anusha H.Ekanayaka is grateful to(Late)Mr.W.Ekanayaka and Mrs.C.Ekanayaka and Mr.A.Surasinghe for their valuable support and encouragement.
文摘Discomycetes are an artificial grouping of apothecia-producing fungi in the phylum Ascomycota.Molecular-based studies have revealed that the discomycetes can be found among ten classes of Ascomycota.The classification of discomycetes has been a major challenge due to the lack of a clear understanding of the important morphological characters,as well as a lack of reference strains.In this review,we provide a historical perspective of discomycetes,notes on their morphology(including both asexual and sexual morphs),ecology and importance,an outline of discomycete families and a synoptical cladogram of currently accepted families in Ascomycota showing their systematic position.We also calculated evolutionary divergence times for major discomycetous taxa based on phylogenetic relationships using a combined LSU,SSU and RPB2 data set from 175 strains and fossil data.Our results confirm that discomycetes are found in two major subphyla of the Ascomycota:Taphrinomycotina and Pezizomycotina.The taxonomic placement of major discomycete taxa is briefly discussed.The most basal group of discomycetes is the class Neolectomycetes,which diverged from other Taphrinomycotina around 417 MYA(216–572),and the most derived group of discomycetes,the class Lecanoromycetes,diverged from Eurotiomycetes around 340 MYA(282–414).Further clarifications based on type specimens,designation of epitypes or reference specimens from fresh collections,and multi-gene analyses are needed to determine the taxonomic arrangement of many discomycetes.
