The noise that comes from finite element simulation often causes the model to fall into the local optimal solution and over fitting during optimization of generator.Thus,this paper proposes a Gaussian Process Regressi...The noise that comes from finite element simulation often causes the model to fall into the local optimal solution and over fitting during optimization of generator.Thus,this paper proposes a Gaussian Process Regression(GPR)model based on Conditional Likelihood Lower Bound Search(CLLBS)to optimize the design of the generator,which can filter the noise in the data and search for global optimization by combining the Conditional Likelihood Lower Bound Search method.Taking the efficiency optimization of 15 kW Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor as an example.Firstly,this method uses the elementary effect analysis to choose the sensitive variables,combining the evolutionary algorithm to design the super Latin cube sampling plan;Then the generator-converter system is simulated by establishing a co-simulation platform to obtain data.A Gaussian process regression model combing the method of the conditional likelihood lower bound search is established,which combined the chi-square test to optimize the accuracy of the model globally.Secondly,after the model reaches the accuracy,the Pareto frontier is obtained through the NSGA-II algorithm by considering the maximum output torque as a constraint.Last,the constrained optimization is transformed into an unconstrained optimizing problem by introducing maximum constrained improvement expectation(CEI)optimization method based on the re-interpolation model,which cross-validated the optimization results of the Gaussian process regression model.The above method increase the efficiency of generator by 0.76%and 0.5%respectively;And this method can be used for rapid modeling and multi-objective optimization of generator systems.展开更多
Different cultivars of rice(Oryza sativa)open at different times of the day,and the overlap of anthesis time in rice between the neighbouring cultivars is of crucial importance to the degree of cross pollination in ri...Different cultivars of rice(Oryza sativa)open at different times of the day,and the overlap of anthesis time in rice between the neighbouring cultivars is of crucial importance to the degree of cross pollination in rice.Nevertheless,none of the past experiments with cross pollination between different rice cultivars ever reported the respective flower opening time(FOT)and flower exposure duration(FED)of the parent cultivars,until recently.The authors present here the first record of FOT and FED of 1114 indica rice landraces of South and Southeast Asia,growing during sum-mer and winter seasons in three consecutive years.The authors also present an analysis of the influences of the grow-ing season on the anthesis behaviour,and present the first records of the FOT and FED variability on sunny and cloudy days of a large number of landraces.The data show that rice florets tend to open later in the morning(that is,take longer time to anthesis after sunrise)on sunny days than on cloudy days,and also significantly later during long day seasons(spring and summer)than during short day season(winter);and that FED is inversely related to both FOT and the length of duration from sunrise to first flower opening.The wide ranges of FOT(8:50 a.m.to 12:40 p.m.)and FED(15 to 194 minutes)also suggest the ample time window for receiving pollen from neighbouring cultivars with differ-ent FOT,enhancing the chances of cross pollination between hundreds of rice landraces with FOT and FED overlaps.展开更多
Objective:To make evidence-based decisions based on broad mortality trends for Razavi Khorasan province,Iran.Methods:In order to determine the baseline number of deaths,we used univariate time series analyses for mont...Objective:To make evidence-based decisions based on broad mortality trends for Razavi Khorasan province,Iran.Methods:In order to determine the baseline number of deaths,we used univariate time series analyses for monthly data from the monthly vital statistics reports(From April 2015 to March 2022).For excess mortalities,these baselines were subtracted from reported deaths with a 95%prediction interval.To compare time and causes,a P-score was calculated.Results:From March 2020 to March 2022,there were 61949 registered deaths,and the estimated deaths with a 95%confidence interval(CI)were 43246.16(35718.28,50774.05).So,in 2020-2021 and 2021-2022,the death counts were 35.15%and 51.33%higher than projected.A total of 18666 cardiovascular diseases were reported and a total of 15704.46(12006.95,19401.96)was estimated.The P-score for this duration was 14.49%and 23.23%higher than expected.Infectious and parasitic diseases plus COVID-19 were 16633 and estimated to be 1044.87(456.77,1632.96).A total of 4420 diseases of the respiratory system were reported,and 4564.94 deaths were predicted(2277.43,6852.43).In the first year of the pandemic,the P-score dropped to-35.28%and in the second year,it jumped sharply to 22.38%.Conclusions:Excess mortality,along with cause-specific mortality,can be helpful for monitoring trends and developing public health policies at the local,national,and international levels.展开更多
Background:The scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment(PG-SGA)has been widely used to assess the nutritional status of cancer patients.The purpose of this study is to compare the differences in PG-SGA sc...Background:The scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment(PG-SGA)has been widely used to assess the nutritional status of cancer patients.The purpose of this study is to compare the differences in PG-SGA scores and the 7 domain scores of the PG-SGA in male and female cancer patients.Methods:This study was conducted at 72 hospitals from July 2013 to December 2018,a part of the Investigation on Nutritional Status and its Clinical Outcomes of Common Cancers.The PG-SGA was recorded to evaluate the nutritional status of patients.A total of 19,528 patients with 13 common malignancies were included in this study.Student t test and the χ^(2) test were applied to analyze the sex diferences in the 7 domain scores.The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database was used to analyze the expression levels of symptom-related genes.Results:There were significant sex dfferences in the PG-SGA(P=0.032),notably in patients with gastric cancer(male vs female:9.09±4.86 vs 9.58±5.07,P=0.005)and esophageal cancer(9.64±4.90 vs 10.46±4.96,P=0.011)and the average total PG-SGA of female patients was slightly higher than that of male patients(7.64±4.98 vs 7.77±5.14).The differences were mainly related to the weight,eating,symptom,as well as activity and physical function scores in the stratified analysis.Possible causes of the sex differences were the rates of nausea,vomiting,dry mouth,and other symptoms,in both gastric and esophageal cancer patients.Analysis of the TCGA database suggested that most of the related genes were sex neutral,except for genes related to dysphagia in gastric cancer(VEGFC was higher in female patients,VEGFA and VEGFB higher in male patients).Conclusions:There are sex differences in the PG-SGA scores in patients with various tumor types(female patients generally had higher scores than male patients),with differences mainly in the weight,eating,symptom,as well as activity and physical function scores.The sex differences in PG-SGA scores might be due to the differences in the clinical manifestations of the disease,and further studies should be carried out to investigate other factors influencing the PG-SGA scores in cancer patients.This study provides basic data supporting the individualized nutritional treatment of cancer patients in clinical practice.展开更多
Although geothermal energy has many clear advantages,including its sustainability and environmentally friendly nature,research into potential geothermal resources across the Longgang Block,Northeast China,has been lim...Although geothermal energy has many clear advantages,including its sustainability and environmentally friendly nature,research into potential geothermal resources across the Longgang Block,Northeast China,has been limited.Here we present the first analysis of the potential geothermal resources in this region that employs joint geological and non-seismic geophysical methods to identify target areas that may be economically viable.We acquire and analyze high-precision gravity,magnetic,and magnetotelluric sounding data,which are constrained using the petrophysical parameters of outcropping rocks across the Longgang Block,to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the region’s deep geological structures and their geothermal resources potential,with a focus on identifying faults,rock masses,and thermal storage structures.We find that Archean granitic gneiss and Mesozoic rock masses in the deeper section of the Longgang Block possess weak gravity anomalies and high resistivities.We also identify thermal storage structures near these deeper geological units based on their extremely low resistivities.The data are used to infer the dip and depth of known or hidden faults,to constrain the spatial distribution of intrusive rock masses,and to determine the spatial distribution of subsurface thermal storage structures.The potential of the target areas for geothermal resources exploitation is divided into three grades based on contact depths between faults and thermal storage structures,and the scale of their thermal storage structures.Our results suggest that a joint non-seismic geophysical approach can be effective in locating and evaluating geothermal resources in complex geological settings.展开更多
The freezing-thawing variation of permafrost active layer increases the complexity of rainfall-runoff processes in alpine river basins,Northwest China.And alpine meadow is the prominent ecosystem in these basins.This ...The freezing-thawing variation of permafrost active layer increases the complexity of rainfall-runoff processes in alpine river basins,Northwest China.And alpine meadow is the prominent ecosystem in these basins.This study selected a small alpine meadow watershed in the upper reaches of the Shule River Basin,China.We investigated alpine rainfall-runoff processes,as well as impacts of summer thaw depth of active layer,soil temperature and moisture variation on streamflow based on in-situ observations from July 2015 to December 2020.Some hydrologic parameters or indices were calculated using statistical methods,and impacts of permafrost change on river runoff were assessed using the variable infiltration capacity model(VIC).In the alpine meadow,surface soil(0–10 cm depth)of the active layer starts to freeze in mid-October each year,and begins to thaw in early April.Also,the deeper soil(70–80 cm depth)of the active layer starts to freeze in late October,and begins to thaw in late June.Moisture content in shallow soils fluctuates regularly,whereas deeper soils are more stable,and their response to rainstorms is negligible.During active layer thawing,the moisture content increases with soil depth.In the alpine meadow,vertical infiltration only occurred in soils up to 40 cm deep,and lateral flow occurred in0–20 and 60–80 cm deep soils at current rainfall intensity.Summer runoff ratios were 0.06–0.31,and runoff floods show lags of 9.5–23.0 h following the rainfall event in the study area.The freeze–thaw process also significantly impacts runoff regression coefficients,which were 0.0088–0.0654 per hour.Recession coefficient decrease negatively correlates with active layer thawing depth in summer and autumn.Alpine river basin permafrost can effectively increase peak discharge and reduce low flow.These findings are highly significant for rainfall–runoff conversion research in alpine areas of inland rivers.展开更多
We presented a control strategy for tablet manufacturing processes based on continuous direct compression.The work was conducted by the experts of pharmaceutical companies,machine suppliers,academia,and regulatory aut...We presented a control strategy for tablet manufacturing processes based on continuous direct compression.The work was conducted by the experts of pharmaceutical companies,machine suppliers,academia,and regulatory authority in Japan.Among different items in the process,the component ratio and blended powder content were selected as the items requiring the control method specific to continuous manufacturing different from the conventional batch manufacturing.The control and management of the Loss in Weight(LIW)feeder were deemed the most important,and the Residence Time Distribution(RTD)model were regarded effective for setting the control range and for controlling of the LIW feeder.Based on these ideas,the concept of process control using RTD was summarized.展开更多
Background: There is a complex interplay between women’s preferences, abortion services availability and the context in which these are provided. Even in countries where it is legal, denial of abortion is common, esp...Background: There is a complex interplay between women’s preferences, abortion services availability and the context in which these are provided. Even in countries where it is legal, denial of abortion is common, especially in low and middle income countries, forcing women to look for the service elsewhere and bringing serious consequences to the health and wellbeing of many women and their families. This non-systematic review pretends to answer the question: Which are the barriers to and facilitators for the access to legal abortion services in low and middle income countries? Methods: A non-systematic bibliographical review. Inclusion criteria: all quantitative, qualitative and evidence synthesis studies performed in low and middle income countries according to the World Bank classification for 2015 and published in English, Spanish and Portuguese language, between 2005 and 2017. Exclusion criteria: articles evaluating the efficacy of interventions, addressing the knowledge about abortion procedures among health care students and personnel, as well as those that only included sex workers. Results: The database search yield 199 articles in MEDLINE. 24 in Scopus and 38 in Scielo. A total of 22 articles including 15 countries from Africa (n = 6), Asia (n = 5), Central and South America (n = 3) and Europe (n = 1). The legal status of abortion in each of these countries was studied and described. For the analysis of the information, three categories of deepening were established: Laws and policies, Service delivery and Women’s abortion care-seeking behavior. Conclusion: the determinants of access to abortion in low and middle income countries are convoluted as multiple delays and barriers usually overlap. Similarly, stigmatization has a great impact across all the steps of abortion provision. Multiple facilitators were proposed in the three aspects of abortion provision, but they need to be adjusted depending on the context of each country.展开更多
Hajj and Umrah are two main religious duties for Muslims.To help faithfuls to perform their religious duties comfortably in overcrowded areas,a crowd management system is a must to control the entering and exiting for...Hajj and Umrah are two main religious duties for Muslims.To help faithfuls to perform their religious duties comfortably in overcrowded areas,a crowd management system is a must to control the entering and exiting for each place.Since the number of people is very high,an intelligent crowd management system can be developed to reduce human effort and accelerate the management process.In this work,we propose a crowd management process based on detecting,tracking,and counting human faces using Artificial Intelligence techniques.Human detection and counting will be performed to calculate the number of existing visitors and face detection and tracking will be used to identify all the humans for security purposes.The proposed crowd management system is composed form three main parts which are:(1)detecting human faces,(2)assigning each detected face with a numerical identifier,(3)storing the identity of each face in a database for further identification and tracking.The main contribution of this work focuses on the detection and tracking model which is based on an improved object detection model.The improved Yolo v4 was used for face detection and tracking.It has been very effective in detecting small objects in highresolution images.The novelty contained in thismethod was the integration of the adaptive attention mechanism to improve the performance of the model for the desired task.Channel wise attention mechanism was applied to the output layers while both channel wise and spatial attention was integrated in the building blocks.The main idea from the adaptive attention mechanisms is to make themodel focus more on the target and ignore false positive proposals.We demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed method through expensive experimentation on a publicly available dataset.The wider faces dataset was used for the train and the evaluation of the proposed detection and tracking model.The proposed model has achieved good results with 91.2%of mAP and a processing speed of 18 FPS on the Nvidia GTX 960 GPU.展开更多
Metabolites of microorganisms have long been considered as potential sources for drug discovery.In this study,fve new depsidone derivatives,talaronins A-E(1-5)and three new xanthone derivatives,talaronins F-H(6-8),tog...Metabolites of microorganisms have long been considered as potential sources for drug discovery.In this study,fve new depsidone derivatives,talaronins A-E(1-5)and three new xanthone derivatives,talaronins F-H(6-8),together with 16 known compounds(9-24),were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the mangrove-derived fungus Talaromyces species WHUF0362.The structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data and chemical methods including alkaline hydrolysis and Mosher’s method.Compounds 1 and 2 each attached a dimethyl acetal group at the aromatic ring.A putative biogenetic relationship of the isolated metabolites was presented and suggested that the depsidones and the xanthones probably had the same biosynthetic precursors such as chrysophanol or rheochrysidin.The antimicrobial activity assay indicated that compounds 5,9,10,and 14 showed potent activity against Helicobacter pylori with minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)values in the range of 2.42-36.04μmol/L.While secalonic acid D(19)demonstrated signifcant antimicrobial activity against four strains of H.pylori with MIC values in the range of 0.20 to 1.57μmol/L.Furthermore,secalonic acid D(19)exhibited cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines Bel-7402 and HCT-116 with IC_(50) values of 0.15 and 0.19μmol/L,respectively.The structure–activity relationship of depsidone derivatives revealed that the presence of the lactone ring and the hydroxyl at C-10 was crucial to the antimicrobial activity against H.pylori.The depsidone derivatives are promising leads to inhibit H.pylori and provide an avenue for further development of novel antibiotics.展开更多
Co-occurrence of surface ozone(O_(3))and fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))pollution(CP)was frequently observed in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH).More than 50%of CP days occurred during April-May in BTH,and the CP days rea...Co-occurrence of surface ozone(O_(3))and fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))pollution(CP)was frequently observed in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH).More than 50%of CP days occurred during April-May in BTH,and the CP days reached up to 11 in two months of 2018.The PM_(2.5)or O_(3) concentration associated with CP was lower than but close to that in O_(3) and PM_(2.5)pollution,indicating compound harms during CP days with double-high concentrations of PM_(2.5)and O_(3).CP days were significantly facilitated by joint effects of the Rossby wave train that consisted of two centers associated with the Scandinavia pattern and one center over North China as well as a hot,wet,and stagnant environmental condition in BTH.After 2018,the number of CP days decreased sharply while the meteorological conditions did not change significantly.Therefore,changes in meteorological conditions did not really contribute to the decline of CP days in 2019 and 2020.This implies that the reduction of PM_(2.5)emission has resulted in a reduction of CP days(about 11 days in 2019 and 2020).The differences in atmospheric conditions revealed here were helpful to forecast the types of air pollution on a daily to weekly time scale.The reduction in PM_(2.5)emission was the main driving factor behind the absence of CP days in 2020,but the control of surface O_(3) must be stricter and deeper.展开更多
Active Magnetic Bearing(AMB) is a kind of electromagnetic support that makes the rotor movement frictionless and can suppress rotor vibration by controlling the magnetic force. The most common approach to restrain the...Active Magnetic Bearing(AMB) is a kind of electromagnetic support that makes the rotor movement frictionless and can suppress rotor vibration by controlling the magnetic force. The most common approach to restrain the rotor vibration in AMBs is to adopt a notch filter or adaptive filter in the AMB controller. However, these methods cannot obtain the precise amplitude and phase of the compensation current. Thus, they are not so effective in terms of suppressing the vibrations of the fundamental and other harmonic orders over the whole speed range. To improve the vibration suppression performance of AMBs,an adaptive filter based on Least Mean Square(LMS) is applied to extract the vibration signals from the rotor displacement signal. An Iterative Search Algorithm(ISA) is proposed in this paper to obtain the corresponding relationship between the compensation current and vibration signals. The ISA is responsible for searching the compensating amplitude and shifting phase online for the LMS filter, enabling the AMB controller to generate the corresponding compensation force for vibration suppression. The results of ISA are recorded to suppress vibration using the Look-Up Table(LUT) in variable speed range. Comprehensive simulations and experimental validations are carried out in fixed and variable speed range, and the results demonstrate that by employing the ISA, vibrations of the fundamental and other harmonic orders are suppressed effectively.展开更多
To solve the low power transfer efficiency and magnetic field leakage problems of cardiac pacemaker wireless powering, we proposed a wireless power supply system suitable for implanted cardiac pacemaker based on mu-ne...To solve the low power transfer efficiency and magnetic field leakage problems of cardiac pacemaker wireless powering, we proposed a wireless power supply system suitable for implanted cardiac pacemaker based on mu-negative(MNG) and mu-nearzero(MNZ) metamaterials. First, a hybrid metamaterial consisted of central MNG unit for magnetic field concentration and surrounding MNZ units for magnetic leakage shielding was established by theoretical calculation. Afterwards, the magnetic field distribution of wireless power supply system with MNG-MNZ metamaterial slab was acquired via finite element simulation and verified to be better than the distribution with conventional MNG slab deployed. Finally, an experimental platform of wireless power supply system was established with which power transfer experiment and system temperature rise experiment were conducted.Simulation and experimental results showed that the power transfer efficiency was improved from 44.44%,19.42%, 8.63% and 6.19% to 55.77%, 62.39%, 20.81%and 14.52% at 9.6 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm and 50 mm,respectively. The maximum SAR acquired by SAR simulation under human body environment was-7.14 dbm and maximum reduction of the magnetic field strength around the receiving coil was 2.82 A/m. The maximum temperature rise during 30min charging test was 3.85℃,and the safety requirements of human bodies were met.展开更多
The gold deposits in the Jiaodong Peninsula constitute the largest gold mineralized province in China.The mineralization shows common characteristics in their tectonic setting,ore-forming fluid and metallogenic system...The gold deposits in the Jiaodong Peninsula constitute the largest gold mineralized province in China.The mineralization shows common characteristics in their tectonic setting,ore-forming fluid and metallogenic system.Sulfidation and fluid immiscibility are two important mechanisms controlling gold precipitation,both of which consume sulfur in the oreforming fluids.The escape of H2S from the main ore-forming fluids and the decrease of total sulfur concentration not only lead to the efficient precipitation of gold,but also result in the crystallization of reducing minerals such as pyrrhotite and oxidizing minerals such as magnetite.Quartz solubility shows strong dependence on temperature,pressure,and CO2 content.The dependence of quartz solubility on pressure is weak at low temperatures,and progressively stronger at higher temperatures.Similarly,the temperature dependence of quartz solubility is relatively low at low pressures,but becomes gradually stronger at high pressures.The results of solubility modeling can constrain the dissolution and reprecipitation behavior of quartz in the oreforming veins and the formation mechanism of different types of quartz veins.The multi-stage mineralization fluid activity resulted in the complex dissolution structure of quartz in the Jiaodong gold veins.Pyrite in the main metallogenic period in the Jiaodong gold deposits shows complex microstructure characteristics at single crystal scale.The trace elements(mainly the coupling of As-and Au-rich belt)and sulfur isotope composition also display a certain regularity.The As-rich fluids might have formed by the initial pulse of ore-forming fluids through As-rich metasedimentary strata,while the As-Au oscillation zone at the margin of pyrite grains is related to the pressure fluctuation caused by fault activity and the local phase separation of fluids.There is a temporal and spatial evolution of gold fineness in the Jiaodong gold deposits.Water/rock reaction(sulfidation)was the main ore-forming mechanism of early gold mineralization,forming relatively high fineness gold,while significant pressure drop in the shallow part accompanied by fluid phase separation promoted the late gold mineralization,forming low fineness gold.Under cratonic destruction setting,dehydration of the amphibolite and granulite facies metamorphic lower-crust resulted in the formation of Au-CO2-rich ore-forming fluids,which rose along the deep fault and secondary structure,and formed the largescale fault-controlled gold deposits in Jiaodong.展开更多
Cyanea nozakii,a common jellyfish distributed in offshore China,has a complex trophic relationship with other zooplankton groups.However,few studies have reported the predation rates and prey selection patterns of C.n...Cyanea nozakii,a common jellyfish distributed in offshore China,has a complex trophic relationship with other zooplankton groups.However,few studies have reported the predation rates and prey selection patterns of C.nozakii medusae on different prey items.Research is also lacking on the intraguild predation of Aurelia coerulea(another common bloom jellyfish in offshore China)by C.nozakii.To address the knowledge gaps,the clearance rates of C.nozakii for different prey items,including copepods(small<1000μm and large>1000μm),fish larvae,and gelatinous prey(hydromedusae,A.coerulea ephyrae,and chaetognaths),were measured.The influence of predator size on the clearance rate was also determined.Additionally,we examined the intraguild predation of C.nozakii on A.coerulea medusae.The clearance rates of C.nozakii varied widely with prey organisms,being independent of prey concentrations.Gelatinous organisms,except for chaetognaths,were captured with considerably high efficiency,followed by fish larvae and copepods,indicating the preferential prey selection of gelatinous organisms by C.nozakii.The clearance rate increased linearly with the cross-sectional area of C.nozakii.Body size in medusae may,to some extents,underpin their capacity to capture more prey by increasing the encounter rate and capture success through ontogeny.C.nozakii preyed voraciously on A.coerulea in high feeding efficiency,but the clearance rate decreased with increasing A.coerulea(as prey)size.This phenomenon of intraguild predation suggests a speculative hypothesis of potential population regulation of A.coerulea by C.nozakii.The information regarding the feeding ecology of C.nozakii reported in this study is important for understanding plankton dynamics in marine ecosystems with extensive occurrences of this jellyfish.展开更多
Introduction: Cutaneous endometriosis is an uncommon but well-known skin disorder that represents about 0.5% to 1% of all endometriosis. The objective of this case series is to report clinical presentation, diagnosis,...Introduction: Cutaneous endometriosis is an uncommon but well-known skin disorder that represents about 0.5% to 1% of all endometriosis. The objective of this case series is to report clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of various forms of cutaneous endometriosis. Material and Methods: It was an observational, retrospective and descriptive review of cases presenting with cutaneous endometriosis among Cameroonian women managed at the gynaecological outpatient department of Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital. All the following parameters were analysed: age, parity, previous pelvic surgery, presenting symptoms and duration, associated symptoms, localizations, imaging, size of the lesion, other localization of endometriosis, management and histopathological results. Results: we reported 4 cases of cutaneous endometriosis, with 3 umbilical endometriosis and 1 abdominal scar endometriosis. Patient age ranged from 28 to 39 years with an average of 33 years. All patients described infertility (two primary and two secondary) and two had a history of abdominal surgery. All patients presented local cyclical signs such as pain, swelling, color change and bleeding. The duration of symptoms varied from 2 to 3 years and the size of lesions ranged from 2 to 3.5 cm for umbilical lesions and was 9 cm for abdominal scar endometriosis. In all cases, no imaging was required for the diagnosis, which was suspected on the basis of patient’s history and the cyclical nature of local signs, followed by wide surgical excision and confirmation on histopathology. Conclusion: Cutaneaous endometriosis is a rare benign condition. Umbilical endometriosis seems to be the main cutaneous localization and can be described as primary or secondary. Even if its diagnosis must be confirmed by histopathology, it should be considered in patient with cutaneous cyclic signs such as pain, swelling or bleeding with or without history of abdominal surgery.展开更多
Organic photovoltaic(OPV)materials are promising candidates for cheap,printable solar cells.However,there are a very large number of potential donors and acceptors,making selection of the best materials difficult.Here...Organic photovoltaic(OPV)materials are promising candidates for cheap,printable solar cells.However,there are a very large number of potential donors and acceptors,making selection of the best materials difficult.Here,we show that machine-learning approaches can leverage computationally expensive DFT calculations to estimate important OPV materials properties quickly and accurately.We generate quantitative relationships between simple and interpretable chemical signature and one-hot descriptors and OPV power conversion efficiency(PCE),open circuit potential(Voc),short circuit density(Jsc),highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)energy,lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)energy,and the HOMO–LUMO gap.The most robust and predictive models could predict PCE(computed by DFT)with a standard error of±0.5 for percentage PCE for both the training and test set.This model is useful for pre-screening potential donor and acceptor materials for OPV applications,accelerating design of these devices for green energy applications.展开更多
Completion thyroidectomy(CT)is employed after lobectomy when histopathological results mandates total removal of the gland as in case of well differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC).It is also employed as a second stage...Completion thyroidectomy(CT)is employed after lobectomy when histopathological results mandates total removal of the gland as in case of well differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC).It is also employed as a second stage thyroid surgery when unfavorable events occur as in recurrent laryngeal nerve injury or when the surgeon finds out the case is beyond his/her expertise in an attempt to protect the contralateral side and allowing time for recovery or for an expert surgeon to help.展开更多
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1(IDO1),the enzyme that catabolizes tryptophan(Trp)metabolism to promote regulatory T cells(Tregs)and suppress CD8+T cells,is regulated by several intrinsic signaling pathways.Here,we found...Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1(IDO1),the enzyme that catabolizes tryptophan(Trp)metabolism to promote regulatory T cells(Tregs)and suppress CD8+T cells,is regulated by several intrinsic signaling pathways.Here,we found that tobacco smoke,a major public health concern that kills 8 million people each year worldwide,induced IDO1 in normal and malignant lung epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo.The carcinogen nicotine-derived nitrosaminoketone(NNK)was the tobacco compound that upregulated IDO1 via activation of the transcription factor c-Jun,which has a binding site for the IDO1 promoter.The NNK receptorα7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(α7nAChR)was required for NNK-induced c-Jun activation and IDO1 upregulation.In A/J mice,NNK reduced CD8+T cells and increased Tregs.Clinically,smoker patients with non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC)exhibited high IDO1 levels and low Trp/kynurenine(Kyn)ratios.In NSCLC patients,smokers with lower IDO1 responded better to anti-PD1 antibody treatment than those with higher IDO1.These data indicate that tobacco smoke induces IDO1 to catabolize Trp metabolism and immune suppression to promote carcinogenesis,and lower IDO1 might be a potential biomarker for anti-PD1 antibodies in smoker patients,whereas IDO1-high smoker patients might benefit from IDO1 inhibitors in combination with anti-PD1 antibodies.展开更多
For the hybrid multi-infeed HVDC system in which the receiving-end grid is a strong AC grid including LCC-HVDC subsystems and multiple VSC-HVDC subsystems,it has higher voltage support capability.However,for weak AC g...For the hybrid multi-infeed HVDC system in which the receiving-end grid is a strong AC grid including LCC-HVDC subsystems and multiple VSC-HVDC subsystems,it has higher voltage support capability.However,for weak AC grid,the voltage support capability of the multi-VSC-HVDC subsystems to the LCC-HVDC subsystem(voltage support capability-mVSCs-LCC)can resist the risk of commutation failure.Based on this consideration,this paper proposes an evaluation index called Dynamic Voltage Support Strength Factor(DVSF)for the hybrid multi-infeed system,and uses this index to qualitatively judge the voltage support capability-mVSCs-LCC in weak AC grid.In addition,the proposed evaluation index can also indirectly judge the ability of the LCC-HVDC subsystem to suppress commutation failure.Firstly,the mathematical model of the power flow of the LCC and VSC networks in the steady-state is analyzed,and the concept of DVSF applied to hybrid multi-infeed system is proposed.Furthermore,the DVSF index is also used to qualitatively judge the voltage support capability-mVSCs-LCC.Secondly,the influence of multiple VSC-HVDC subsystems with different operation strategies on the DVSF is analyzed with reference to the concept of DVSF.Finally,the indicators proposed in this paper are compared with other evaluation indicators through MATLAB simulation software to verify its effectiveness.More importantly,the effects of multi-VSC-HVDC subsystems using different coordinated control strategies on the voltage support capability of the receiving-end LCC-HVDC subsystem are also verified.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFB1503700)the Hunan Natural Science Foundation-Science and Education Joint Project(2019JJ70063)。
文摘The noise that comes from finite element simulation often causes the model to fall into the local optimal solution and over fitting during optimization of generator.Thus,this paper proposes a Gaussian Process Regression(GPR)model based on Conditional Likelihood Lower Bound Search(CLLBS)to optimize the design of the generator,which can filter the noise in the data and search for global optimization by combining the Conditional Likelihood Lower Bound Search method.Taking the efficiency optimization of 15 kW Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor as an example.Firstly,this method uses the elementary effect analysis to choose the sensitive variables,combining the evolutionary algorithm to design the super Latin cube sampling plan;Then the generator-converter system is simulated by establishing a co-simulation platform to obtain data.A Gaussian process regression model combing the method of the conditional likelihood lower bound search is established,which combined the chi-square test to optimize the accuracy of the model globally.Secondly,after the model reaches the accuracy,the Pareto frontier is obtained through the NSGA-II algorithm by considering the maximum output torque as a constraint.Last,the constrained optimization is transformed into an unconstrained optimizing problem by introducing maximum constrained improvement expectation(CEI)optimization method based on the re-interpolation model,which cross-validated the optimization results of the Gaussian process regression model.The above method increase the efficiency of generator by 0.76%and 0.5%respectively;And this method can be used for rapid modeling and multi-objective optimization of generator systems.
文摘Different cultivars of rice(Oryza sativa)open at different times of the day,and the overlap of anthesis time in rice between the neighbouring cultivars is of crucial importance to the degree of cross pollination in rice.Nevertheless,none of the past experiments with cross pollination between different rice cultivars ever reported the respective flower opening time(FOT)and flower exposure duration(FED)of the parent cultivars,until recently.The authors present here the first record of FOT and FED of 1114 indica rice landraces of South and Southeast Asia,growing during sum-mer and winter seasons in three consecutive years.The authors also present an analysis of the influences of the grow-ing season on the anthesis behaviour,and present the first records of the FOT and FED variability on sunny and cloudy days of a large number of landraces.The data show that rice florets tend to open later in the morning(that is,take longer time to anthesis after sunrise)on sunny days than on cloudy days,and also significantly later during long day seasons(spring and summer)than during short day season(winter);and that FED is inversely related to both FOT and the length of duration from sunrise to first flower opening.The wide ranges of FOT(8:50 a.m.to 12:40 p.m.)and FED(15 to 194 minutes)also suggest the ample time window for receiving pollen from neighbouring cultivars with differ-ent FOT,enhancing the chances of cross pollination between hundreds of rice landraces with FOT and FED overlaps.
基金supported by Mashhad University of Medical Sciencesapproved by the Ethics Committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences(Ethics ID:IR.MUMS.REC.1400.144).
文摘Objective:To make evidence-based decisions based on broad mortality trends for Razavi Khorasan province,Iran.Methods:In order to determine the baseline number of deaths,we used univariate time series analyses for monthly data from the monthly vital statistics reports(From April 2015 to March 2022).For excess mortalities,these baselines were subtracted from reported deaths with a 95%prediction interval.To compare time and causes,a P-score was calculated.Results:From March 2020 to March 2022,there were 61949 registered deaths,and the estimated deaths with a 95%confidence interval(CI)were 43246.16(35718.28,50774.05).So,in 2020-2021 and 2021-2022,the death counts were 35.15%and 51.33%higher than projected.A total of 18666 cardiovascular diseases were reported and a total of 15704.46(12006.95,19401.96)was estimated.The P-score for this duration was 14.49%and 23.23%higher than expected.Infectious and parasitic diseases plus COVID-19 were 16633 and estimated to be 1044.87(456.77,1632.96).A total of 4420 diseases of the respiratory system were reported,and 4564.94 deaths were predicted(2277.43,6852.43).In the first year of the pandemic,the P-score dropped to-35.28%and in the second year,it jumped sharply to 22.38%.Conclusions:Excess mortality,along with cause-specific mortality,can be helpful for monitoring trends and developing public health policies at the local,national,and international levels.
基金We are grateful for the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1309200).
文摘Background:The scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment(PG-SGA)has been widely used to assess the nutritional status of cancer patients.The purpose of this study is to compare the differences in PG-SGA scores and the 7 domain scores of the PG-SGA in male and female cancer patients.Methods:This study was conducted at 72 hospitals from July 2013 to December 2018,a part of the Investigation on Nutritional Status and its Clinical Outcomes of Common Cancers.The PG-SGA was recorded to evaluate the nutritional status of patients.A total of 19,528 patients with 13 common malignancies were included in this study.Student t test and the χ^(2) test were applied to analyze the sex diferences in the 7 domain scores.The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database was used to analyze the expression levels of symptom-related genes.Results:There were significant sex dfferences in the PG-SGA(P=0.032),notably in patients with gastric cancer(male vs female:9.09±4.86 vs 9.58±5.07,P=0.005)and esophageal cancer(9.64±4.90 vs 10.46±4.96,P=0.011)and the average total PG-SGA of female patients was slightly higher than that of male patients(7.64±4.98 vs 7.77±5.14).The differences were mainly related to the weight,eating,symptom,as well as activity and physical function scores in the stratified analysis.Possible causes of the sex differences were the rates of nausea,vomiting,dry mouth,and other symptoms,in both gastric and esophageal cancer patients.Analysis of the TCGA database suggested that most of the related genes were sex neutral,except for genes related to dysphagia in gastric cancer(VEGFC was higher in female patients,VEGFA and VEGFB higher in male patients).Conclusions:There are sex differences in the PG-SGA scores in patients with various tumor types(female patients generally had higher scores than male patients),with differences mainly in the weight,eating,symptom,as well as activity and physical function scores.The sex differences in PG-SGA scores might be due to the differences in the clinical manifestations of the disease,and further studies should be carried out to investigate other factors influencing the PG-SGA scores in cancer patients.This study provides basic data supporting the individualized nutritional treatment of cancer patients in clinical practice.
基金jointly supported by the open fund from the Key Laboratory of Deep-Earth Dynamics of Ministry of Natural Resources, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (Award Number J1901-16)the project of graduate education and teaching reform in Shanxi Province (Award Number 2021YJJG147)+4 种基金the teaching reform project “Geographic Modeling, Simulation and Visualization” established by Shanxi Normal University (Award Number 2019JGXM-39)the “Deep Geological Survey in Benxi-Linjiang Area”, a pilot project set up by the China Geological Survey, China (grant number 1212011220247)“The Research Start-up Fund of Shanxi Normal University for Dr. Peng Chong in 2016” (Award Number 0505/ 02070438)“The Research Start-up Fund of Shanxi Normal University for Dr. Liu Haiyan in 2017” (Award Number 0505/02070458)“The Research Fund for Outstanding Doctor in 2017” (Award Number 0503/02010168), established by the Education Department of Shanxi Province for Dr. Liu Haiyan
文摘Although geothermal energy has many clear advantages,including its sustainability and environmentally friendly nature,research into potential geothermal resources across the Longgang Block,Northeast China,has been limited.Here we present the first analysis of the potential geothermal resources in this region that employs joint geological and non-seismic geophysical methods to identify target areas that may be economically viable.We acquire and analyze high-precision gravity,magnetic,and magnetotelluric sounding data,which are constrained using the petrophysical parameters of outcropping rocks across the Longgang Block,to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the region’s deep geological structures and their geothermal resources potential,with a focus on identifying faults,rock masses,and thermal storage structures.We find that Archean granitic gneiss and Mesozoic rock masses in the deeper section of the Longgang Block possess weak gravity anomalies and high resistivities.We also identify thermal storage structures near these deeper geological units based on their extremely low resistivities.The data are used to infer the dip and depth of known or hidden faults,to constrain the spatial distribution of intrusive rock masses,and to determine the spatial distribution of subsurface thermal storage structures.The potential of the target areas for geothermal resources exploitation is divided into three grades based on contact depths between faults and thermal storage structures,and the scale of their thermal storage structures.Our results suggest that a joint non-seismic geophysical approach can be effective in locating and evaluating geothermal resources in complex geological settings.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC3201102-02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42171028,41877156,and 41730751)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Foundation(SKLFSE202110)the Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province,China(20JR5RA545)。
文摘The freezing-thawing variation of permafrost active layer increases the complexity of rainfall-runoff processes in alpine river basins,Northwest China.And alpine meadow is the prominent ecosystem in these basins.This study selected a small alpine meadow watershed in the upper reaches of the Shule River Basin,China.We investigated alpine rainfall-runoff processes,as well as impacts of summer thaw depth of active layer,soil temperature and moisture variation on streamflow based on in-situ observations from July 2015 to December 2020.Some hydrologic parameters or indices were calculated using statistical methods,and impacts of permafrost change on river runoff were assessed using the variable infiltration capacity model(VIC).In the alpine meadow,surface soil(0–10 cm depth)of the active layer starts to freeze in mid-October each year,and begins to thaw in early April.Also,the deeper soil(70–80 cm depth)of the active layer starts to freeze in late October,and begins to thaw in late June.Moisture content in shallow soils fluctuates regularly,whereas deeper soils are more stable,and their response to rainstorms is negligible.During active layer thawing,the moisture content increases with soil depth.In the alpine meadow,vertical infiltration only occurred in soils up to 40 cm deep,and lateral flow occurred in0–20 and 60–80 cm deep soils at current rainfall intensity.Summer runoff ratios were 0.06–0.31,and runoff floods show lags of 9.5–23.0 h following the rainfall event in the study area.The freeze–thaw process also significantly impacts runoff regression coefficients,which were 0.0088–0.0654 per hour.Recession coefficient decrease negatively correlates with active layer thawing depth in summer and autumn.Alpine river basin permafrost can effectively increase peak discharge and reduce low flow.These findings are highly significant for rainfall–runoff conversion research in alpine areas of inland rivers.
文摘We presented a control strategy for tablet manufacturing processes based on continuous direct compression.The work was conducted by the experts of pharmaceutical companies,machine suppliers,academia,and regulatory authority in Japan.Among different items in the process,the component ratio and blended powder content were selected as the items requiring the control method specific to continuous manufacturing different from the conventional batch manufacturing.The control and management of the Loss in Weight(LIW)feeder were deemed the most important,and the Residence Time Distribution(RTD)model were regarded effective for setting the control range and for controlling of the LIW feeder.Based on these ideas,the concept of process control using RTD was summarized.
文摘Background: There is a complex interplay between women’s preferences, abortion services availability and the context in which these are provided. Even in countries where it is legal, denial of abortion is common, especially in low and middle income countries, forcing women to look for the service elsewhere and bringing serious consequences to the health and wellbeing of many women and their families. This non-systematic review pretends to answer the question: Which are the barriers to and facilitators for the access to legal abortion services in low and middle income countries? Methods: A non-systematic bibliographical review. Inclusion criteria: all quantitative, qualitative and evidence synthesis studies performed in low and middle income countries according to the World Bank classification for 2015 and published in English, Spanish and Portuguese language, between 2005 and 2017. Exclusion criteria: articles evaluating the efficacy of interventions, addressing the knowledge about abortion procedures among health care students and personnel, as well as those that only included sex workers. Results: The database search yield 199 articles in MEDLINE. 24 in Scopus and 38 in Scielo. A total of 22 articles including 15 countries from Africa (n = 6), Asia (n = 5), Central and South America (n = 3) and Europe (n = 1). The legal status of abortion in each of these countries was studied and described. For the analysis of the information, three categories of deepening were established: Laws and policies, Service delivery and Women’s abortion care-seeking behavior. Conclusion: the determinants of access to abortion in low and middle income countries are convoluted as multiple delays and barriers usually overlap. Similarly, stigmatization has a great impact across all the steps of abortion provision. Multiple facilitators were proposed in the three aspects of abortion provision, but they need to be adjusted depending on the context of each country.
基金This work was funded by the University of Jeddah,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia,under Grant No.(UJ-21-ICL-4)The authors,therefore,acknowledge with thanks the University of Jeddah technical and financial support.
文摘Hajj and Umrah are two main religious duties for Muslims.To help faithfuls to perform their religious duties comfortably in overcrowded areas,a crowd management system is a must to control the entering and exiting for each place.Since the number of people is very high,an intelligent crowd management system can be developed to reduce human effort and accelerate the management process.In this work,we propose a crowd management process based on detecting,tracking,and counting human faces using Artificial Intelligence techniques.Human detection and counting will be performed to calculate the number of existing visitors and face detection and tracking will be used to identify all the humans for security purposes.The proposed crowd management system is composed form three main parts which are:(1)detecting human faces,(2)assigning each detected face with a numerical identifier,(3)storing the identity of each face in a database for further identification and tracking.The main contribution of this work focuses on the detection and tracking model which is based on an improved object detection model.The improved Yolo v4 was used for face detection and tracking.It has been very effective in detecting small objects in highresolution images.The novelty contained in thismethod was the integration of the adaptive attention mechanism to improve the performance of the model for the desired task.Channel wise attention mechanism was applied to the output layers while both channel wise and spatial attention was integrated in the building blocks.The main idea from the adaptive attention mechanisms is to make themodel focus more on the target and ignore false positive proposals.We demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed method through expensive experimentation on a publicly available dataset.The wider faces dataset was used for the train and the evaluation of the proposed detection and tracking model.The proposed model has achieved good results with 91.2%of mAP and a processing speed of 18 FPS on the Nvidia GTX 960 GPU.
基金This research was funded by grants from National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC0311002)High-Level Talent Special Support Plan of Zhejiang Province(2019R52009).
文摘Metabolites of microorganisms have long been considered as potential sources for drug discovery.In this study,fve new depsidone derivatives,talaronins A-E(1-5)and three new xanthone derivatives,talaronins F-H(6-8),together with 16 known compounds(9-24),were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the mangrove-derived fungus Talaromyces species WHUF0362.The structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data and chemical methods including alkaline hydrolysis and Mosher’s method.Compounds 1 and 2 each attached a dimethyl acetal group at the aromatic ring.A putative biogenetic relationship of the isolated metabolites was presented and suggested that the depsidones and the xanthones probably had the same biosynthetic precursors such as chrysophanol or rheochrysidin.The antimicrobial activity assay indicated that compounds 5,9,10,and 14 showed potent activity against Helicobacter pylori with minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)values in the range of 2.42-36.04μmol/L.While secalonic acid D(19)demonstrated signifcant antimicrobial activity against four strains of H.pylori with MIC values in the range of 0.20 to 1.57μmol/L.Furthermore,secalonic acid D(19)exhibited cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines Bel-7402 and HCT-116 with IC_(50) values of 0.15 and 0.19μmol/L,respectively.The structure–activity relationship of depsidone derivatives revealed that the presence of the lactone ring and the hydroxyl at C-10 was crucial to the antimicrobial activity against H.pylori.The depsidone derivatives are promising leads to inhibit H.pylori and provide an avenue for further development of novel antibiotics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42088101).
文摘Co-occurrence of surface ozone(O_(3))and fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))pollution(CP)was frequently observed in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH).More than 50%of CP days occurred during April-May in BTH,and the CP days reached up to 11 in two months of 2018.The PM_(2.5)or O_(3) concentration associated with CP was lower than but close to that in O_(3) and PM_(2.5)pollution,indicating compound harms during CP days with double-high concentrations of PM_(2.5)and O_(3).CP days were significantly facilitated by joint effects of the Rossby wave train that consisted of two centers associated with the Scandinavia pattern and one center over North China as well as a hot,wet,and stagnant environmental condition in BTH.After 2018,the number of CP days decreased sharply while the meteorological conditions did not change significantly.Therefore,changes in meteorological conditions did not really contribute to the decline of CP days in 2019 and 2020.This implies that the reduction of PM_(2.5)emission has resulted in a reduction of CP days(about 11 days in 2019 and 2020).The differences in atmospheric conditions revealed here were helpful to forecast the types of air pollution on a daily to weekly time scale.The reduction in PM_(2.5)emission was the main driving factor behind the absence of CP days in 2020,but the control of surface O_(3) must be stricter and deeper.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (U22A20214)。
文摘Active Magnetic Bearing(AMB) is a kind of electromagnetic support that makes the rotor movement frictionless and can suppress rotor vibration by controlling the magnetic force. The most common approach to restrain the rotor vibration in AMBs is to adopt a notch filter or adaptive filter in the AMB controller. However, these methods cannot obtain the precise amplitude and phase of the compensation current. Thus, they are not so effective in terms of suppressing the vibrations of the fundamental and other harmonic orders over the whole speed range. To improve the vibration suppression performance of AMBs,an adaptive filter based on Least Mean Square(LMS) is applied to extract the vibration signals from the rotor displacement signal. An Iterative Search Algorithm(ISA) is proposed in this paper to obtain the corresponding relationship between the compensation current and vibration signals. The ISA is responsible for searching the compensating amplitude and shifting phase online for the LMS filter, enabling the AMB controller to generate the corresponding compensation force for vibration suppression. The results of ISA are recorded to suppress vibration using the Look-Up Table(LUT) in variable speed range. Comprehensive simulations and experimental validations are carried out in fixed and variable speed range, and the results demonstrate that by employing the ISA, vibrations of the fundamental and other harmonic orders are suppressed effectively.
基金supported by 2023 Liaoning Provincial Department of Education Basic Research Project (General Project)(JYTMS20230815)。
文摘To solve the low power transfer efficiency and magnetic field leakage problems of cardiac pacemaker wireless powering, we proposed a wireless power supply system suitable for implanted cardiac pacemaker based on mu-negative(MNG) and mu-nearzero(MNZ) metamaterials. First, a hybrid metamaterial consisted of central MNG unit for magnetic field concentration and surrounding MNZ units for magnetic leakage shielding was established by theoretical calculation. Afterwards, the magnetic field distribution of wireless power supply system with MNG-MNZ metamaterial slab was acquired via finite element simulation and verified to be better than the distribution with conventional MNG slab deployed. Finally, an experimental platform of wireless power supply system was established with which power transfer experiment and system temperature rise experiment were conducted.Simulation and experimental results showed that the power transfer efficiency was improved from 44.44%,19.42%, 8.63% and 6.19% to 55.77%, 62.39%, 20.81%and 14.52% at 9.6 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm and 50 mm,respectively. The maximum SAR acquired by SAR simulation under human body environment was-7.14 dbm and maximum reduction of the magnetic field strength around the receiving coil was 2.82 A/m. The maximum temperature rise during 30min charging test was 3.85℃,and the safety requirements of human bodies were met.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2016YFC0600105)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41672094,41772080)。
文摘The gold deposits in the Jiaodong Peninsula constitute the largest gold mineralized province in China.The mineralization shows common characteristics in their tectonic setting,ore-forming fluid and metallogenic system.Sulfidation and fluid immiscibility are two important mechanisms controlling gold precipitation,both of which consume sulfur in the oreforming fluids.The escape of H2S from the main ore-forming fluids and the decrease of total sulfur concentration not only lead to the efficient precipitation of gold,but also result in the crystallization of reducing minerals such as pyrrhotite and oxidizing minerals such as magnetite.Quartz solubility shows strong dependence on temperature,pressure,and CO2 content.The dependence of quartz solubility on pressure is weak at low temperatures,and progressively stronger at higher temperatures.Similarly,the temperature dependence of quartz solubility is relatively low at low pressures,but becomes gradually stronger at high pressures.The results of solubility modeling can constrain the dissolution and reprecipitation behavior of quartz in the oreforming veins and the formation mechanism of different types of quartz veins.The multi-stage mineralization fluid activity resulted in the complex dissolution structure of quartz in the Jiaodong gold veins.Pyrite in the main metallogenic period in the Jiaodong gold deposits shows complex microstructure characteristics at single crystal scale.The trace elements(mainly the coupling of As-and Au-rich belt)and sulfur isotope composition also display a certain regularity.The As-rich fluids might have formed by the initial pulse of ore-forming fluids through As-rich metasedimentary strata,while the As-Au oscillation zone at the margin of pyrite grains is related to the pressure fluctuation caused by fault activity and the local phase separation of fluids.There is a temporal and spatial evolution of gold fineness in the Jiaodong gold deposits.Water/rock reaction(sulfidation)was the main ore-forming mechanism of early gold mineralization,forming relatively high fineness gold,while significant pressure drop in the shallow part accompanied by fluid phase separation promoted the late gold mineralization,forming low fineness gold.Under cratonic destruction setting,dehydration of the amphibolite and granulite facies metamorphic lower-crust resulted in the formation of Au-CO2-rich ore-forming fluids,which rose along the deep fault and secondary structure,and formed the largescale fault-controlled gold deposits in Jiaodong.
基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA19060203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42076166,42130411)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021QD061)the CAS-CSIRO Project Fund(No.GJHZ1888)the Mount Tai Scholar Climbing Plan to Song SUNthe Innovation Team of Fishery Resources and Ecology in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea(No.2020TD01)the Hainan Province Basic and Applied Basic Research Program(Natural Science Field)High-Level Talent Project(No.2019RC353)。
文摘Cyanea nozakii,a common jellyfish distributed in offshore China,has a complex trophic relationship with other zooplankton groups.However,few studies have reported the predation rates and prey selection patterns of C.nozakii medusae on different prey items.Research is also lacking on the intraguild predation of Aurelia coerulea(another common bloom jellyfish in offshore China)by C.nozakii.To address the knowledge gaps,the clearance rates of C.nozakii for different prey items,including copepods(small<1000μm and large>1000μm),fish larvae,and gelatinous prey(hydromedusae,A.coerulea ephyrae,and chaetognaths),were measured.The influence of predator size on the clearance rate was also determined.Additionally,we examined the intraguild predation of C.nozakii on A.coerulea medusae.The clearance rates of C.nozakii varied widely with prey organisms,being independent of prey concentrations.Gelatinous organisms,except for chaetognaths,were captured with considerably high efficiency,followed by fish larvae and copepods,indicating the preferential prey selection of gelatinous organisms by C.nozakii.The clearance rate increased linearly with the cross-sectional area of C.nozakii.Body size in medusae may,to some extents,underpin their capacity to capture more prey by increasing the encounter rate and capture success through ontogeny.C.nozakii preyed voraciously on A.coerulea in high feeding efficiency,but the clearance rate decreased with increasing A.coerulea(as prey)size.This phenomenon of intraguild predation suggests a speculative hypothesis of potential population regulation of A.coerulea by C.nozakii.The information regarding the feeding ecology of C.nozakii reported in this study is important for understanding plankton dynamics in marine ecosystems with extensive occurrences of this jellyfish.
文摘Introduction: Cutaneous endometriosis is an uncommon but well-known skin disorder that represents about 0.5% to 1% of all endometriosis. The objective of this case series is to report clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of various forms of cutaneous endometriosis. Material and Methods: It was an observational, retrospective and descriptive review of cases presenting with cutaneous endometriosis among Cameroonian women managed at the gynaecological outpatient department of Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital. All the following parameters were analysed: age, parity, previous pelvic surgery, presenting symptoms and duration, associated symptoms, localizations, imaging, size of the lesion, other localization of endometriosis, management and histopathological results. Results: we reported 4 cases of cutaneous endometriosis, with 3 umbilical endometriosis and 1 abdominal scar endometriosis. Patient age ranged from 28 to 39 years with an average of 33 years. All patients described infertility (two primary and two secondary) and two had a history of abdominal surgery. All patients presented local cyclical signs such as pain, swelling, color change and bleeding. The duration of symptoms varied from 2 to 3 years and the size of lesions ranged from 2 to 3.5 cm for umbilical lesions and was 9 cm for abdominal scar endometriosis. In all cases, no imaging was required for the diagnosis, which was suspected on the basis of patient’s history and the cyclical nature of local signs, followed by wide surgical excision and confirmation on histopathology. Conclusion: Cutaneaous endometriosis is a rare benign condition. Umbilical endometriosis seems to be the main cutaneous localization and can be described as primary or secondary. Even if its diagnosis must be confirmed by histopathology, it should be considered in patient with cutaneous cyclic signs such as pain, swelling or bleeding with or without history of abdominal surgery.
基金This work was supported by the Australian Government through the Australian Research Council(ARC)under the Centre of Excellence scheme(project number CE170100026)This work was also supported by computational resources provided by the Australian Government through the National Computational Infrastructure National Facility and the Pawsey Supercomputer Centre.
文摘Organic photovoltaic(OPV)materials are promising candidates for cheap,printable solar cells.However,there are a very large number of potential donors and acceptors,making selection of the best materials difficult.Here,we show that machine-learning approaches can leverage computationally expensive DFT calculations to estimate important OPV materials properties quickly and accurately.We generate quantitative relationships between simple and interpretable chemical signature and one-hot descriptors and OPV power conversion efficiency(PCE),open circuit potential(Voc),short circuit density(Jsc),highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)energy,lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)energy,and the HOMO–LUMO gap.The most robust and predictive models could predict PCE(computed by DFT)with a standard error of±0.5 for percentage PCE for both the training and test set.This model is useful for pre-screening potential donor and acceptor materials for OPV applications,accelerating design of these devices for green energy applications.
文摘Completion thyroidectomy(CT)is employed after lobectomy when histopathological results mandates total removal of the gland as in case of well differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC).It is also employed as a second stage thyroid surgery when unfavorable events occur as in recurrent laryngeal nerve injury or when the surgeon finds out the case is beyond his/her expertise in an attempt to protect the contralateral side and allowing time for recovery or for an expert surgeon to help.
基金supported by the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81830093)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0803300)+3 种基金the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS2021-RC310-003,2020-RC310-002)the CAMS Initiative for Innovative Medicine(2021-1-I2M-012,2021-I2M-1-021)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81802796,82073092).
文摘Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1(IDO1),the enzyme that catabolizes tryptophan(Trp)metabolism to promote regulatory T cells(Tregs)and suppress CD8+T cells,is regulated by several intrinsic signaling pathways.Here,we found that tobacco smoke,a major public health concern that kills 8 million people each year worldwide,induced IDO1 in normal and malignant lung epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo.The carcinogen nicotine-derived nitrosaminoketone(NNK)was the tobacco compound that upregulated IDO1 via activation of the transcription factor c-Jun,which has a binding site for the IDO1 promoter.The NNK receptorα7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(α7nAChR)was required for NNK-induced c-Jun activation and IDO1 upregulation.In A/J mice,NNK reduced CD8+T cells and increased Tregs.Clinically,smoker patients with non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC)exhibited high IDO1 levels and low Trp/kynurenine(Kyn)ratios.In NSCLC patients,smokers with lower IDO1 responded better to anti-PD1 antibody treatment than those with higher IDO1.These data indicate that tobacco smoke induces IDO1 to catabolize Trp metabolism and immune suppression to promote carcinogenesis,and lower IDO1 might be a potential biomarker for anti-PD1 antibodies in smoker patients,whereas IDO1-high smoker patients might benefit from IDO1 inhibitors in combination with anti-PD1 antibodies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China-State Grid Joint Fund for Smart Grid(No.U2066210).
文摘For the hybrid multi-infeed HVDC system in which the receiving-end grid is a strong AC grid including LCC-HVDC subsystems and multiple VSC-HVDC subsystems,it has higher voltage support capability.However,for weak AC grid,the voltage support capability of the multi-VSC-HVDC subsystems to the LCC-HVDC subsystem(voltage support capability-mVSCs-LCC)can resist the risk of commutation failure.Based on this consideration,this paper proposes an evaluation index called Dynamic Voltage Support Strength Factor(DVSF)for the hybrid multi-infeed system,and uses this index to qualitatively judge the voltage support capability-mVSCs-LCC in weak AC grid.In addition,the proposed evaluation index can also indirectly judge the ability of the LCC-HVDC subsystem to suppress commutation failure.Firstly,the mathematical model of the power flow of the LCC and VSC networks in the steady-state is analyzed,and the concept of DVSF applied to hybrid multi-infeed system is proposed.Furthermore,the DVSF index is also used to qualitatively judge the voltage support capability-mVSCs-LCC.Secondly,the influence of multiple VSC-HVDC subsystems with different operation strategies on the DVSF is analyzed with reference to the concept of DVSF.Finally,the indicators proposed in this paper are compared with other evaluation indicators through MATLAB simulation software to verify its effectiveness.More importantly,the effects of multi-VSC-HVDC subsystems using different coordinated control strategies on the voltage support capability of the receiving-end LCC-HVDC subsystem are also verified.
