Today,self-healing graphene-and MXene-based composites have attracted researchers due to the increase in durability as well as the cost reduction in long-time applications.Different studies have focused on designing n...Today,self-healing graphene-and MXene-based composites have attracted researchers due to the increase in durability as well as the cost reduction in long-time applications.Different studies have focused on designing novel self-healing graphene-and MXenebased composites with enhanced sensitivity,stretchability,and flexibility as well as improved electrical conductivity,healing efficacy,mechanical properties,and energy conversion efficacy.These composites with self-healing properties can be employed in the field of wearable sensors,supercapacitors,anticorrosive coatings,electromagnetic interference shielding,electronic-skin,soft robotics,etc.However,it appears that more explorations are still needed to achieve composites with excellent arbitrary shape adaptability,suitable adhesiveness,ideal durability,high stretchability,immediate self-healing responsibility,and outstanding electromagnetic features.Besides,optimizing reaction/synthesis conditions and finding suitable strategies for functionalization/modification are crucial aspects that should be comprehensively investigated.MXenes and graphene exhibited superior electrochemical properties with abundant surface terminations and great surface area,which are important to evolve biomedical and sensing applications.However,flexibility and stretchability are important criteria that need to be improved for their future applications.Herein,the most recent advancements pertaining to the applications and properties of self-healing graphene-and MXene-based composites are deliberated,focusing on crucial challenges and future perspectives.展开更多
Objective:To compare the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)-producing peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)and PBMCs activated by hCG in vitro and expressions of related immune genes in mouse implantation...Objective:To compare the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)-producing peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)and PBMCs activated by hCG in vitro and expressions of related immune genes in mouse implantation.Methods:hCG-producing PBMCs(transfected PBMC)and PBMCs activated by hCG in vitro were introduced into isolated mouse endometrial cells,while cell cultures were divided into four groups:the control,PBMC,transfected,and activated PBMC groups.The expression of studied genes(IL-1β,IL-6,Lif,and Vegf)was evaluated and blastocyst attachment on the cocultured cells(isolated endometrial cells and PBMC cells)was monitored in all four groups.Results:Data showed that expression decreased in the PBMC group compared to the treated PBMC(transfected and activated PBMCs)and increased in transfected PBMC compared to the activated PBMC.Attachment and migration of blastocysts were dramatically enhanced in the transfected PBMC group compared to the activated PBMC group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Use of hCG-producing PBMCs(transfected PBMC)has more influence on endometrial receptivity.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the possible association between Toxoplasma gondii(T.gondii)infection and breast cancer by examining the seropositivity and serointensity rate of anti-T gondii antibodies in breast cancer pati...Objective:To investigate the possible association between Toxoplasma gondii(T.gondii)infection and breast cancer by examining the seropositivity and serointensity rate of anti-T gondii antibodies in breast cancer patients and healthy volunteers.Methods:This study was carried out on 66 women with breast cancer which consists of 29 newly diagnosed patients(Group 1) and 37 cases undergoing treatment and regular checkups(Group 2).Also,60 healthy women(Group 3) with no history of cancer confirmed by clinical examination and imaging participated in this study.The participants were tested for T.gondii immunoglobulin G(IgG) and immunoglobulin M(IgM) antibodies by enzyme-linked immunoassays.Results:The mean age of Groups 1.2 and 3 were 43.3±6.8,41.8±5.5 and 42.3±4.9.respectively(P=0.72).Overall.104(82.5%) and 8(6.3%) out of 126 women were positive for anti-T gondii IgG and IgM antibodies,respectively.Higher seropositivity rate of anti-T.gondii antibodies(IgG) was seen in breast cancer patients(86.4%) compared with control group(78.3%)(P=0.24).IgG antibodies were detected in 89.2%of cancer patients under treatment.82.7%of newly diagnosed patients(P=0.18).IgM antibodies were found in 3(10.3%),2(5.4%)and 3(5%) in Groups 1.2 and 3.No significant difference was found between the mean titers of T.gondii IgG antibody among these groups(P=0.87).Conclusions:This study did not find any significant association between toxoplasmosis and breast cancer besides higher rates of seropositivity and serointensity in patients compared with healthy volunteers.展开更多
Objective:To compare the protein profile of culture supernatants in stimulated and unstimulated human fibroblasts to find some proteins indicating the presence of fibroblasts and their activation status.Methods:Dermal...Objective:To compare the protein profile of culture supernatants in stimulated and unstimulated human fibroblasts to find some proteins indicating the presence of fibroblasts and their activation status.Methods:Dermal fibroblasts were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA)/ionomycine for 72 h.MTT assay was done to determine cell viability and A/E fluorescent staining was used to evaluate the cell death pattern.Protein analysis was performed by gradient SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 8%–16%.Results:The supernatant of 24 h cultured both stimulated and unstimulated fibroblasts showed two bands in SDS-PAGE analysis with relative molecular weights of 8.59 and78.8 k Da.These bands density was decreased during the next 48 h in unstimulated cells while their expression was continued in PMA or PMA/ionomycine stimulated cells and a new 85.3 k Da band was appeared in unstimulated and 72 h PMA stimulated cells.Moreover,we found another seven small size(10–19.5 k Da) proteins in supernatants of48 h and 72 h unstimulated but not in PMA or PMA/Ionomycine stimulated fibroblasts.Most of these proteins expression were down regulated following fibroblast activation.This down-regulation is consistent with our finding that PMA or PMA/ionomycine stimulated cells exhibited a significant level of apoptosis cell death.Conclusions:Human fibroblasts produce some small to intermediate sized proteins with specific SDS-PAGE profile upon cell activation.Most of these proteins can be excreted in urine and can be immunogen theoretically so this data provided a reliable clue for fibrosis biomarker screening based on designation of an appropriated immunoassay.展开更多
Neisseria meningitides is a Gram-negative bacterium which is an important causative agent of septicemia and meningitis.Numerous pathogenic bacteria contain luxS,which is required for autoinducer-2 production.Neisseria...Neisseria meningitides is a Gram-negative bacterium which is an important causative agent of septicemia and meningitis.Numerous pathogenic bacteria contain luxS,which is required for autoinducer-2 production.Neisseria meningitides contains a functional copy of luxS that is necessary for full meningococcal virulence.Neisseria meningitides DNA was extracted and its luxS gene was amplified by nested PCR.PCR product was purified and cloned in to pQE-30 expression vector.Recombinant plasmid was transformed and mass cultured.luxS was expressed in E.coli and confirmed by western blot analysis.In this study,N.meningitides luxS was amplified, cloned and expressed successfully.The sequencing of PCR product confirmed that amplified gene was luxS. Gene was expressed and observed in SDS-PAGE.Protein was reacted by his tag monoclonal antibody through western blot analysis.展开更多
Objective:To identify Leishman{u using PCR.Methods:This studs was conducted from April2009 to March 2011 in order to identify Leishmania species in a new endemic area of CL in Lorestan.Iran.Samples were taken from 62 ...Objective:To identify Leishman{u using PCR.Methods:This studs was conducted from April2009 to March 2011 in order to identify Leishmania species in a new endemic area of CL in Lorestan.Iran.Samples were taken from 62 patients that referred to the health centers in different cities of Lorestan province,the presence of Leishmcania was confirmed using direct smear and then grown in NNN media and mass cultured in RPM!1640 medium supplemented with 10%heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum.DNA was extracted from cultured promastigotes and used in P15-PCR.Results:45(72.6%)samples out of 62 showed a hand in the range of 485 hp and 17(27.4%)with a hand in the range of 626 hp which were similar to standard strains of Leichmania tropica(L.tropical and Leishnrania major(L.major),respectively.50(65.80%)of samples were collected from people with no history of travel in at least a year prior to the onset which shows that indigenous source of infection.Conclusions:Since the vector and reservoir of the two species are different.so precise and extensive control and prevention methods should be designed and earned out.展开更多
Objective: To assess the relation between acute gastrointestinal disease and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections. Methods: Over the 18-month period, a total of 323 patients referred to three hospitals in Babol ...Objective: To assess the relation between acute gastrointestinal disease and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections. Methods: Over the 18-month period, a total of 323 patients referred to three hospitals in Babol (north of Iran) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. H. pylori status (rapid urease test), endoscopic findings in the patients, personal habits (smoking or alcohol intake) and administration of drugs, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were analyzed using standard Chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: Results showed that acute gastric ulcer patients had a significant association with alcohol (P=0.001, OR=6.183), opium (P=0.022, OR=2.823), smoking (P=0.016, OR=2.579) and NSAIDs (P=0.046, OR=2.071). However, patients with in acute duodenal ulcer have a significant association with opium (P=0.023, OR=2.326) and alcohol (P=0.003, OR=3.888). As well as, gastric cancer had significant association with alcohol (P<0.05, OR=6.937), smoking (P=0.012, OR=2.738), family history (P=0.005, OR=4.380) and gender (P≤0.05, OR=5.103). Conclusions: Current investigation shows that H. pylori infection, alcoholism, male gender, age and family history have an additive impact on the incidence of gastric cancer. In addition, alcoholism, opium usage, NSAIDs and family history have more impact on the incidence of acute gastric ulcer and acute duodenal ulcer in patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND: The estimation of liver fibrosis is usually dependent on liver biopsy evaluation. Because of its disadvantages and side effects, researchers try to find non-invasive methods for the assessment of liver inj...BACKGROUND: The estimation of liver fibrosis is usually dependent on liver biopsy evaluation. Because of its disadvantages and side effects, researchers try to find non-invasive methods for the assessment of liver injuries. Hyaluronic acid has been proposed as an index for scoring the severity of fibrosis, alone or in algorithm models. The algorithm model in which hyaluronic acid was used as a major constituent was more reliable and accurate in diagnosis than hyaluronic acid alone. This review described various hyaluronic acid algorithm-based models for assessing liver fibrosis.DATA SOURCE: A Pub Med database search was performed to identify the articles relevant to hyaluronic acid algorithmbased models for estimating liver fibrosis.RESULT: The use of hyaluronic acid in an algorithm model is an extra and valuable tool for assessing liver fibrosis.CONCLUSIONS: Although hyaluronic acid algorithm-based models have good diagnostic power in liver fibrosis assessment, they cannot render the need for liver biopsy obsolete and it is better to use them in parallel with liver biopsy. They can be used when frequent liver biopsy is not possible in situations such as highlighting the efficacy of treatment protocol for liver fibrosis.展开更多
Virus-related cancer is cancer where viral infection leads to the malignant transformation of the host's infected cells. Seven viruses (e.g., human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi's sar...Virus-related cancer is cancer where viral infection leads to the malignant transformation of the host's infected cells. Seven viruses (e.g., human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV)) that infect humans have been identified as an oncogene and have been associated with several human malignancies. Recently, growing attention has been attracted to exploring the pathogenesis of virus-related cancers. One of the most mysterious molecules involved in carcinogenesis and progression of virus-related cancers is circular RNAs (circRNA). These emerging non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), due to the absence of 5′ and 3′ ends, have high stability than linear RNAs and are found in some species across the eukaryotic organisms. Compelling evidence has revealed that viruses also encode a repertoire of circRNAs, as well as dysregulation of these viral circRNAs play a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of different types of virus-related cancers. Therefore, understanding the exact role and function of the virally encoded circRNAs with virus-associated cancers will open a new road for increasing our knowledge about the RNA world. Hence, in this review, we will focus on emerging roles of virus-encoded circRNAs in multiple cancers, including cervical cancer, gastric cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Kaposi cancer, and liver cancer.展开更多
文摘Today,self-healing graphene-and MXene-based composites have attracted researchers due to the increase in durability as well as the cost reduction in long-time applications.Different studies have focused on designing novel self-healing graphene-and MXenebased composites with enhanced sensitivity,stretchability,and flexibility as well as improved electrical conductivity,healing efficacy,mechanical properties,and energy conversion efficacy.These composites with self-healing properties can be employed in the field of wearable sensors,supercapacitors,anticorrosive coatings,electromagnetic interference shielding,electronic-skin,soft robotics,etc.However,it appears that more explorations are still needed to achieve composites with excellent arbitrary shape adaptability,suitable adhesiveness,ideal durability,high stretchability,immediate self-healing responsibility,and outstanding electromagnetic features.Besides,optimizing reaction/synthesis conditions and finding suitable strategies for functionalization/modification are crucial aspects that should be comprehensively investigated.MXenes and graphene exhibited superior electrochemical properties with abundant surface terminations and great surface area,which are important to evolve biomedical and sensing applications.However,flexibility and stretchability are important criteria that need to be improved for their future applications.Herein,the most recent advancements pertaining to the applications and properties of self-healing graphene-and MXene-based composites are deliberated,focusing on crucial challenges and future perspectives.
文摘Objective:To compare the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)-producing peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)and PBMCs activated by hCG in vitro and expressions of related immune genes in mouse implantation.Methods:hCG-producing PBMCs(transfected PBMC)and PBMCs activated by hCG in vitro were introduced into isolated mouse endometrial cells,while cell cultures were divided into four groups:the control,PBMC,transfected,and activated PBMC groups.The expression of studied genes(IL-1β,IL-6,Lif,and Vegf)was evaluated and blastocyst attachment on the cocultured cells(isolated endometrial cells and PBMC cells)was monitored in all four groups.Results:Data showed that expression decreased in the PBMC group compared to the treated PBMC(transfected and activated PBMCs)and increased in transfected PBMC compared to the activated PBMC.Attachment and migration of blastocysts were dramatically enhanced in the transfected PBMC group compared to the activated PBMC group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Use of hCG-producing PBMCs(transfected PBMC)has more influence on endometrial receptivity.
基金Supported by Babol university of Medical Sciences(Grant No.9135214)
文摘Objective:To investigate the possible association between Toxoplasma gondii(T.gondii)infection and breast cancer by examining the seropositivity and serointensity rate of anti-T gondii antibodies in breast cancer patients and healthy volunteers.Methods:This study was carried out on 66 women with breast cancer which consists of 29 newly diagnosed patients(Group 1) and 37 cases undergoing treatment and regular checkups(Group 2).Also,60 healthy women(Group 3) with no history of cancer confirmed by clinical examination and imaging participated in this study.The participants were tested for T.gondii immunoglobulin G(IgG) and immunoglobulin M(IgM) antibodies by enzyme-linked immunoassays.Results:The mean age of Groups 1.2 and 3 were 43.3±6.8,41.8±5.5 and 42.3±4.9.respectively(P=0.72).Overall.104(82.5%) and 8(6.3%) out of 126 women were positive for anti-T gondii IgG and IgM antibodies,respectively.Higher seropositivity rate of anti-T.gondii antibodies(IgG) was seen in breast cancer patients(86.4%) compared with control group(78.3%)(P=0.24).IgG antibodies were detected in 89.2%of cancer patients under treatment.82.7%of newly diagnosed patients(P=0.18).IgM antibodies were found in 3(10.3%),2(5.4%)and 3(5%) in Groups 1.2 and 3.No significant difference was found between the mean titers of T.gondii IgG antibody among these groups(P=0.87).Conclusions:This study did not find any significant association between toxoplasmosis and breast cancer besides higher rates of seropositivity and serointensity in patients compared with healthy volunteers.
基金Supported by the Research and Technology Council of Babol University of Medical Sciences with Grant No.9031029
文摘Objective:To compare the protein profile of culture supernatants in stimulated and unstimulated human fibroblasts to find some proteins indicating the presence of fibroblasts and their activation status.Methods:Dermal fibroblasts were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA)/ionomycine for 72 h.MTT assay was done to determine cell viability and A/E fluorescent staining was used to evaluate the cell death pattern.Protein analysis was performed by gradient SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 8%–16%.Results:The supernatant of 24 h cultured both stimulated and unstimulated fibroblasts showed two bands in SDS-PAGE analysis with relative molecular weights of 8.59 and78.8 k Da.These bands density was decreased during the next 48 h in unstimulated cells while their expression was continued in PMA or PMA/ionomycine stimulated cells and a new 85.3 k Da band was appeared in unstimulated and 72 h PMA stimulated cells.Moreover,we found another seven small size(10–19.5 k Da) proteins in supernatants of48 h and 72 h unstimulated but not in PMA or PMA/Ionomycine stimulated fibroblasts.Most of these proteins expression were down regulated following fibroblast activation.This down-regulation is consistent with our finding that PMA or PMA/ionomycine stimulated cells exhibited a significant level of apoptosis cell death.Conclusions:Human fibroblasts produce some small to intermediate sized proteins with specific SDS-PAGE profile upon cell activation.Most of these proteins can be excreted in urine and can be immunogen theoretically so this data provided a reliable clue for fibrosis biomarker screening based on designation of an appropriated immunoassay.
基金supported by Vice Chancellor of Research of Shahid Beheshti University M.C.and was done in Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center
文摘Neisseria meningitides is a Gram-negative bacterium which is an important causative agent of septicemia and meningitis.Numerous pathogenic bacteria contain luxS,which is required for autoinducer-2 production.Neisseria meningitides contains a functional copy of luxS that is necessary for full meningococcal virulence.Neisseria meningitides DNA was extracted and its luxS gene was amplified by nested PCR.PCR product was purified and cloned in to pQE-30 expression vector.Recombinant plasmid was transformed and mass cultured.luxS was expressed in E.coli and confirmed by western blot analysis.In this study,N.meningitides luxS was amplified, cloned and expressed successfully.The sequencing of PCR product confirmed that amplified gene was luxS. Gene was expressed and observed in SDS-PAGE.Protein was reacted by his tag monoclonal antibody through western blot analysis.
基金funded by a grant from Lorestan University of Medical Sciences (11/19/2008No.1121)
文摘Objective:To identify Leishman{u using PCR.Methods:This studs was conducted from April2009 to March 2011 in order to identify Leishmania species in a new endemic area of CL in Lorestan.Iran.Samples were taken from 62 patients that referred to the health centers in different cities of Lorestan province,the presence of Leishmcania was confirmed using direct smear and then grown in NNN media and mass cultured in RPM!1640 medium supplemented with 10%heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum.DNA was extracted from cultured promastigotes and used in P15-PCR.Results:45(72.6%)samples out of 62 showed a hand in the range of 485 hp and 17(27.4%)with a hand in the range of 626 hp which were similar to standard strains of Leichmania tropica(L.tropical and Leishnrania major(L.major),respectively.50(65.80%)of samples were collected from people with no history of travel in at least a year prior to the onset which shows that indigenous source of infection.Conclusions:Since the vector and reservoir of the two species are different.so precise and extensive control and prevention methods should be designed and earned out.
文摘Objective: To assess the relation between acute gastrointestinal disease and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections. Methods: Over the 18-month period, a total of 323 patients referred to three hospitals in Babol (north of Iran) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. H. pylori status (rapid urease test), endoscopic findings in the patients, personal habits (smoking or alcohol intake) and administration of drugs, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were analyzed using standard Chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: Results showed that acute gastric ulcer patients had a significant association with alcohol (P=0.001, OR=6.183), opium (P=0.022, OR=2.823), smoking (P=0.016, OR=2.579) and NSAIDs (P=0.046, OR=2.071). However, patients with in acute duodenal ulcer have a significant association with opium (P=0.023, OR=2.326) and alcohol (P=0.003, OR=3.888). As well as, gastric cancer had significant association with alcohol (P<0.05, OR=6.937), smoking (P=0.012, OR=2.738), family history (P=0.005, OR=4.380) and gender (P≤0.05, OR=5.103). Conclusions: Current investigation shows that H. pylori infection, alcoholism, male gender, age and family history have an additive impact on the incidence of gastric cancer. In addition, alcoholism, opium usage, NSAIDs and family history have more impact on the incidence of acute gastric ulcer and acute duodenal ulcer in patients.
基金supported by a grant from the Babol University of Medical Sciences,Babol,Iran(No.2093)
文摘BACKGROUND: The estimation of liver fibrosis is usually dependent on liver biopsy evaluation. Because of its disadvantages and side effects, researchers try to find non-invasive methods for the assessment of liver injuries. Hyaluronic acid has been proposed as an index for scoring the severity of fibrosis, alone or in algorithm models. The algorithm model in which hyaluronic acid was used as a major constituent was more reliable and accurate in diagnosis than hyaluronic acid alone. This review described various hyaluronic acid algorithm-based models for assessing liver fibrosis.DATA SOURCE: A Pub Med database search was performed to identify the articles relevant to hyaluronic acid algorithmbased models for estimating liver fibrosis.RESULT: The use of hyaluronic acid in an algorithm model is an extra and valuable tool for assessing liver fibrosis.CONCLUSIONS: Although hyaluronic acid algorithm-based models have good diagnostic power in liver fibrosis assessment, they cannot render the need for liver biopsy obsolete and it is better to use them in parallel with liver biopsy. They can be used when frequent liver biopsy is not possible in situations such as highlighting the efficacy of treatment protocol for liver fibrosis.
文摘Virus-related cancer is cancer where viral infection leads to the malignant transformation of the host's infected cells. Seven viruses (e.g., human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV)) that infect humans have been identified as an oncogene and have been associated with several human malignancies. Recently, growing attention has been attracted to exploring the pathogenesis of virus-related cancers. One of the most mysterious molecules involved in carcinogenesis and progression of virus-related cancers is circular RNAs (circRNA). These emerging non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), due to the absence of 5′ and 3′ ends, have high stability than linear RNAs and are found in some species across the eukaryotic organisms. Compelling evidence has revealed that viruses also encode a repertoire of circRNAs, as well as dysregulation of these viral circRNAs play a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of different types of virus-related cancers. Therefore, understanding the exact role and function of the virally encoded circRNAs with virus-associated cancers will open a new road for increasing our knowledge about the RNA world. Hence, in this review, we will focus on emerging roles of virus-encoded circRNAs in multiple cancers, including cervical cancer, gastric cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Kaposi cancer, and liver cancer.
