Patients with head and neck cancer face great challenges in maintaining optimal nutrition since both the disease itself and treatments,especially surgery and concurrent chemoradiotherapy,have a significant negative im...Patients with head and neck cancer face great challenges in maintaining optimal nutrition since both the disease itself and treatments,especially surgery and concurrent chemoradiotherapy,have a significant negative impact on the nutritional status.A fundamental understanding of the nutrient metabolism of patients with head and neck cancer will aid in treatment selection.In this review,metabolic abnormalities presented in patients with head and neck cancer are discussed,together with methods of nutritional support,dietary intervention,and potential roles of phytonutrients,probiotics,and exercise in nutritional therapy for head and neck cancer patients.展开更多
Nutrition interventions have traditionally been used to support patients with malnutrition secondary to cancer and cancer treatments and more recently have been utilized in the primary and secondary prevention of comm...Nutrition interventions have traditionally been used to support patients with malnutrition secondary to cancer and cancer treatments and more recently have been utilized in the primary and secondary prevention of common forms of cancer. A fundamental understanding of the nutrient metabolism of patients with cancer is essential for providing optimal nutrition to best support the patients while suppressing cancer growth and enhancing the body’s response to treatment. In this article, the metabolism abnormality of patients with cancer is reviewed together with nutritional assessment, dietary intervention, and nutritional therapy for cancer patients.展开更多
Background With rising concerns regarding the effects of red meat on human and environmental health,a growing number of livestock producers are exploring ways to improve production systems.A promising avenue includes ...Background With rising concerns regarding the effects of red meat on human and environmental health,a growing number of livestock producers are exploring ways to improve production systems.A promising avenue includes agro-ecological practices such as rotational grazing of locally adapted ruminants.Additionally,growing consumer interest in pasture-finished meat(i.e.,grass-fed)has raised questions about its nutritional composition.Thus,the goal of this study was to determine the impact of two common finishing systems in North American bison—pasture-finished or pen-finished on concentrates for 146 d—on metabolomic,lipidomic,and fatty acid profiles of striploins(M.longissimus lumborum).Results Six hundred and seventy-one(671)out of 1570 profiled compounds(43%)differed between pasture-and penfinished conditions(n=20 animals per group)(all,P<0.05).Relative to pasture-finished animals,the muscle of pen-finished animals displayed elevated glucose metabolites(~1.6-fold),triglycerides(~2-fold),markers of oxidative stress(~1.5-fold),and proteolysis(~1.2-fold).In contrast,pasture-finished animals displayed improved mitochondrial(~1.3-fold higher levels of various Krebs cycle metabolites)and carnitine metabolism(~3-fold higher levels of long-chain acyl carnitines)(all P<0.05).Pasture-finishing also concentrated higher levels of phenolics(~2.3-fold),alpha-tocopherol(~5.8-fold),carotene(~2.0-fold),and very long-chain fatty acids(~1.3-fold)in their meat,while having lower levels of a common advanced lipoxidation(4-hydroxy-nonenal-glutathione;~2-fold)and glycation end-product(N6-carboxymethyllysine;~1.7-fold)(all P<0.05).In contrast,vitamins B5,B6,and C,gamma/beta-tocopherol,and three phenolics commonly found in alfalfa were~2.5-fold higher in pen-finished animals(all P<0.05);suggesting some concentrate feeding,or grazing plants rich in those compounds,may be beneficial.Conclusions Pasture-finishing(i.e.,grass-fed)broadly improves bison metabolic health and accumulates additional potential health-promoting compounds in their meat compared to concentrate finishing in confinement(i.e.,pen-finished).Our data,however,does not indicate that meat from pen-finished bison is therefore unhealthy.The studied bison meat—irrespective of finishing practice—contained favorable omega 6:3 ratios(<3.2),and amino acid and vitamin profiles.Our study represents one of the deepest meat profiling studies to date(>1500 unique compounds),having revealed previously unrecognized differences in animal metabolic health and nutritional composition because of finishing mode.Whether observed nutritional differences have an appreciable effect on human health remains to be determined.展开更多
A sulfated galactoftucan designated as UpG was obtained from the brown algae Undaria pinnatifida by calcium chloride extraction.Chemical analyses showed that UpG is composed of galactose and fucose at a high sulfation...A sulfated galactoftucan designated as UpG was obtained from the brown algae Undaria pinnatifida by calcium chloride extraction.Chemical analyses showed that UpG is composed of galactose and fucose at a high sulfation level.Low-molecular weight UpGP-0.5 was prepared from UpG through acid hydrolysis for structure characterization.The backbones of UpG are determined to beα-(1,3)-Fuc,α-(1,4)-Gal,α-(1,3)-Gal,andα-(1,6)-Gal by GC-MS,FT-IR,NMR,and LC-MS analyses.Sulfate groups are modified at C2 and/or C4 of fucose and C3 and/or C4 of galactose.UpG could partially lower blood sugar and serum lipid levels in type 2 diabetic mice.Moreover,UpG treatment regulates the abundance of some specific gut microbiota,such as enriching the abundance of Muribaculum and Christensenellaceae,and reducing that of Bilophila,Tannerellaceae,Candidatus Saccharimonas and Anaerotruncus.The findings characterized the detailed structure of a sulfated galactofucan and investigated its potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.展开更多
The prevalence of pediatric obesity continues to increase worldwide,bringing with it various metabolic,functional,social,and psychological complications.1 Both the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity must be...The prevalence of pediatric obesity continues to increase worldwide,bringing with it various metabolic,functional,social,and psychological complications.1 Both the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity must be based on multidisciplinary approaches combining nutrition,physical activity(PA),and psychological support.2 As an essential element of these multicomponent strategies,regular physical activity has been acknowledged as having beneficial effects on children's and adolescents,body composition,physical fitness,and metabolic profile,as well as on their health-related quality of life,social and psychological health,and academic achievement.3,4 Given that only a relatively small proportion of children and adolescents meet the public health recommendations for PA,5 and given that weight loss exercise-based interventions suffer from a high attrition rate,there is a clear need for appropriate PAs.展开更多
肥胖是公共卫生领域的一大难题。在本期JAMA杂志中，Ogden等报告了2003年至2004年美国卫生与营养调查（National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey，NHANES）结果。结果显示，在美国，大约有66％的成人存在超重或肥胖现象，有1...肥胖是公共卫生领域的一大难题。在本期JAMA杂志中，Ogden等报告了2003年至2004年美国卫生与营养调查（National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey，NHANES）结果。结果显示，在美国，大约有66％的成人存在超重或肥胖现象，有17％的儿童出现超重。研究人员对1999年至2004年的NHANES资料进行分析后发现，超重儿童（2—19）岁）以及肥胖男性的比例有所增加；女性虽不至于此，但其出现重度肥胖的几率几乎是男性的2倍。过度肥胖是一个很复杂的问题，它与胰岛素抵抗、血脂代谢障碍、轻度炎症反应、生长因子及其他激素（参与糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化及某些肿瘤的形成）变化等均有关乙。此外，越来越多的证据表明，肥胖可加速衰老过程。展开更多
Intestinal failure is characterized by loss of enteral function to absorb necessary nutrients and water to sustain life.Parenteral nutrition(PN)is a lifesaving therapeutic modality for patients with intestinal failure...Intestinal failure is characterized by loss of enteral function to absorb necessary nutrients and water to sustain life.Parenteral nutrition(PN)is a lifesaving therapeutic modality for patients with intestinal failure.Lifelong PN is also needed for patients who have short bowel syndrome due to extensive resection or a dysmotility disorder with malabsorption.However,prolonged PN is associated with short-term and long-term complications.Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease(PNALD)is one of the long-termcomplications associated with the use of an intravenous lipid emulsion to prevent essential fatty acid deficiency in these patients.PNALD affects 30–60%of the adult population on long-term PN.Further,PNALD is one of the indications for isolated liver or combined liver and intestinal transplantation.There is no consensus on how to manage PNALD,but fish oil-based lipid emulsion(FOBLE)has been suggested to play an important role both in its prevention and reversal.There is significant improvement in liver function in those who received FOBLE as lipid supplement compared with those who received soy-based lipid emulsion.Studies have also demonstrated that FOBLE reverses hepatic steatosis and reduces markers of inflammation in patients on long-term PN.Future prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to further strengthen the positive role of FOBLE in PNALD.展开更多
This pilot study was conducted to evaluate the impact of spices added to broccoli, cauliflower, and spinach on amount and rate of vegetable consumption. Twenty overweight subjects who routinely ate less than three dai...This pilot study was conducted to evaluate the impact of spices added to broccoli, cauliflower, and spinach on amount and rate of vegetable consumption. Twenty overweight subjects who routinely ate less than three daily servings of vegetables were recruited. On six occasions, subjects were assigned in random order to eat broccoli, cauliflower, or spinach with or without added spices. Dishes were placed on a modified Universal Eating Monitor (UEM) that recorded rate of eating (g/sec), duration of eating (min) and total amount consumed (g). Total intake and duration of eating were increased significantly for broccoli with spices compared to plain broccoli, but there was no significant difference for cauliflower or spinach. No significant differences were noted in any of the visual analog scale (VAS) responses. This study suggests that adding spices may increase vegetable intake, but more studies in greater numbers of subjects are needed.展开更多
Background &Aims: Most patients with extreme obesity have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although gastric bypass (GBP) surgery is the most common bariatric operation performed in obese patients in the U...Background &Aims: Most patients with extreme obesity have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although gastric bypass (GBP) surgery is the most common bariatric operation performed in obese patients in the United States, the effect of GBP surgery-induced weight loss on the metabolic and hepatic abnormalities associated with NAFLD are not clear. Methods: Whole-body glucose, fatty acid and lipoprotein kinetics, liver histology, and hepatic cellular factors involved in inflammation and fibrogenesis were evaluated in 7 extremely obese subjects (body mass index, 58 ±4 kg/m2) before and 1 year after GBP surgery. Results: At 1 year after surgery, subjects lost 29%±5%of initial body weight (P < .01); palmitate rate of appearance in plasma, an index of adipose tissue lipolysis, decreased by 47%±4%(P < .01); endogenous glucose production rate decreased by 27%±7%(P < .01); and very-low-density lipoprotein-triglyceride secretion rate decreased by 44%±9%(P < .05). In addition, GBP surgery-induced weight loss decreased hepatic steatosis but did not change standard histologic assessments of inflammation and fibrosis. However, there was a marked decrease in hepatic factors involved in regulating fibrogenesis (collagen-α1(I), transforming growth factor-β1,α-smooth muscle actin, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 expression and α-smooth muscle actin content) and inflammation (macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 and interleukin 8 expression) (P < .05, compared with values before weight loss). Conclusions: These data demonstrate that weight loss induced by GBP surgery normalizes the metabolic abnormalities involved in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of NAFLD and decreases the hepatic expression of factors involved in the progression of liver inflammation and fibrosis.展开更多
Background: Acute hyperinsulinemia has been shown to increase QTc interval in lean subjects, but data on obese subjects are still unclear. Aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute hyperinsulinemia on QTc ...Background: Acute hyperinsulinemia has been shown to increase QTc interval in lean subjects, but data on obese subjects are still unclear. Aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute hyperinsulinemia on QTc interval and QTc dispersion in uncomplicated obesity. Methods: We calculated QTc duration and QTc dispersion in 30 uncomplicated obese subjects(mean age 32.2±7, BMI 36.7±9.4 kg/m2) by measurements of 12-lead ECG recording during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Results: Insulin infusion during the clamp did not significantly modify QTc interval and QTc dispersion in uncomplicated obese subjects(401.5±29.2 vs. 413.7±30.5; 35.4±10.5 vs. 38.7±14.5, respectively). Conclusions: Acute hyperinsulinemia seems to no significantly affect ventricular repolarization in uncomplicated obesity. Insulin resistance and the absence of diabetes and hypertension could explain, at least in part, this finding.展开更多
In a recent article published in Nature,Patel et al.identified adipose triglyceride lipase(ATGL,also known as patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2)as the first biosynthetic enzyme of fatty acid esters of hyd...In a recent article published in Nature,Patel et al.identified adipose triglyceride lipase(ATGL,also known as patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2)as the first biosynthetic enzyme of fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids(FAHFAs),further expanding the knowledge on bioactive lipid research and being a potential paradigm shift for ATGL studies.FAHFAs are a class of diverse lipids that contain two fatty acids linked by a hydroxyl ester group[1].Although FAHFAs were initially identified in insects and plants,the intense interest was not ignited until 2014 when a landmark study by Yore et al.展开更多
Background:Historical research is limited in changes in pubertal development in Chinese girls.We aimed to identify the timing of pubertal characteristics and the secular trend of menarche age among Beijing girls from ...Background:Historical research is limited in changes in pubertal development in Chinese girls.We aimed to identify the timing of pubertal characteristics and the secular trend of menarche age among Beijing girls from the 1980s through the 2000s.Methods:Six data sets were analyzed,including the Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome study in 2004,where 9778 Bejing girls aged 6–18 years were studied.The Fetal Origins of Adult Disease study provided retrospective menarche age from 1940 through 1960.Other four studies were conducted in Beijing to obtain supplementary information to assess secular trend in menarche age.Linear regression method was used to analyze the data.Results:Among Beijing girls in 2004,the median age at menarche was 12.1 years,which was 0.6 years earlier in urban than in rural areas.The median age at Breast Tanner Stage 2 was 9.5±1.2 years,representing 9.4±1.1 years and 9.6±1.2 years for urban and rural girls,respectively.In contrast,the median age at Pubic Hair Tanner Stage 2 was 11.1±1.1 years,representing 10.8±1.1 and 11.4±1.1 years for urban and rural girls,respectively.The menarche age of urban girls decreased by 4.2 months per decade,and that of rural girls by 9.6 months per decade from 1980 to 2004.Conclusions:Urban girls mature earlier than rural girls in Beijing.A secular trend towards earlier menarche was observed between the 1980s and the 2000s.展开更多
文摘Patients with head and neck cancer face great challenges in maintaining optimal nutrition since both the disease itself and treatments,especially surgery and concurrent chemoradiotherapy,have a significant negative impact on the nutritional status.A fundamental understanding of the nutrient metabolism of patients with head and neck cancer will aid in treatment selection.In this review,metabolic abnormalities presented in patients with head and neck cancer are discussed,together with methods of nutritional support,dietary intervention,and potential roles of phytonutrients,probiotics,and exercise in nutritional therapy for head and neck cancer patients.
文摘Nutrition interventions have traditionally been used to support patients with malnutrition secondary to cancer and cancer treatments and more recently have been utilized in the primary and secondary prevention of common forms of cancer. A fundamental understanding of the nutrient metabolism of patients with cancer is essential for providing optimal nutrition to best support the patients while suppressing cancer growth and enhancing the body’s response to treatment. In this article, the metabolism abnormality of patients with cancer is reviewed together with nutritional assessment, dietary intervention, and nutritional therapy for cancer patients.
基金supported by the Turner Institute of Ecoagriculturesupported by an AFRI Post-Doctoral Fellowship[grant no.2021-67034-35118/project accession no.1026420]from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture during project performance。
文摘Background With rising concerns regarding the effects of red meat on human and environmental health,a growing number of livestock producers are exploring ways to improve production systems.A promising avenue includes agro-ecological practices such as rotational grazing of locally adapted ruminants.Additionally,growing consumer interest in pasture-finished meat(i.e.,grass-fed)has raised questions about its nutritional composition.Thus,the goal of this study was to determine the impact of two common finishing systems in North American bison—pasture-finished or pen-finished on concentrates for 146 d—on metabolomic,lipidomic,and fatty acid profiles of striploins(M.longissimus lumborum).Results Six hundred and seventy-one(671)out of 1570 profiled compounds(43%)differed between pasture-and penfinished conditions(n=20 animals per group)(all,P<0.05).Relative to pasture-finished animals,the muscle of pen-finished animals displayed elevated glucose metabolites(~1.6-fold),triglycerides(~2-fold),markers of oxidative stress(~1.5-fold),and proteolysis(~1.2-fold).In contrast,pasture-finished animals displayed improved mitochondrial(~1.3-fold higher levels of various Krebs cycle metabolites)and carnitine metabolism(~3-fold higher levels of long-chain acyl carnitines)(all P<0.05).Pasture-finishing also concentrated higher levels of phenolics(~2.3-fold),alpha-tocopherol(~5.8-fold),carotene(~2.0-fold),and very long-chain fatty acids(~1.3-fold)in their meat,while having lower levels of a common advanced lipoxidation(4-hydroxy-nonenal-glutathione;~2-fold)and glycation end-product(N6-carboxymethyllysine;~1.7-fold)(all P<0.05).In contrast,vitamins B5,B6,and C,gamma/beta-tocopherol,and three phenolics commonly found in alfalfa were~2.5-fold higher in pen-finished animals(all P<0.05);suggesting some concentrate feeding,or grazing plants rich in those compounds,may be beneficial.Conclusions Pasture-finishing(i.e.,grass-fed)broadly improves bison metabolic health and accumulates additional potential health-promoting compounds in their meat compared to concentrate finishing in confinement(i.e.,pen-finished).Our data,however,does not indicate that meat from pen-finished bison is therefore unhealthy.The studied bison meat—irrespective of finishing practice—contained favorable omega 6:3 ratios(<3.2),and amino acid and vitamin profiles.Our study represents one of the deepest meat profiling studies to date(>1500 unique compounds),having revealed previously unrecognized differences in animal metabolic health and nutritional composition because of finishing mode.Whether observed nutritional differences have an appreciable effect on human health remains to be determined.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Nos.2018YFC0311003,2017YFE0103100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81903534,81773628,81741165)the HighLevel Talent Special Support Plan of Zhejiang Province(No.2019R52009)。
文摘A sulfated galactoftucan designated as UpG was obtained from the brown algae Undaria pinnatifida by calcium chloride extraction.Chemical analyses showed that UpG is composed of galactose and fucose at a high sulfation level.Low-molecular weight UpGP-0.5 was prepared from UpG through acid hydrolysis for structure characterization.The backbones of UpG are determined to beα-(1,3)-Fuc,α-(1,4)-Gal,α-(1,3)-Gal,andα-(1,6)-Gal by GC-MS,FT-IR,NMR,and LC-MS analyses.Sulfate groups are modified at C2 and/or C4 of fucose and C3 and/or C4 of galactose.UpG could partially lower blood sugar and serum lipid levels in type 2 diabetic mice.Moreover,UpG treatment regulates the abundance of some specific gut microbiota,such as enriching the abundance of Muribaculum and Christensenellaceae,and reducing that of Bilophila,Tannerellaceae,Candidatus Saccharimonas and Anaerotruncus.The findings characterized the detailed structure of a sulfated galactofucan and investigated its potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
文摘The prevalence of pediatric obesity continues to increase worldwide,bringing with it various metabolic,functional,social,and psychological complications.1 Both the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity must be based on multidisciplinary approaches combining nutrition,physical activity(PA),and psychological support.2 As an essential element of these multicomponent strategies,regular physical activity has been acknowledged as having beneficial effects on children's and adolescents,body composition,physical fitness,and metabolic profile,as well as on their health-related quality of life,social and psychological health,and academic achievement.3,4 Given that only a relatively small proportion of children and adolescents meet the public health recommendations for PA,5 and given that weight loss exercise-based interventions suffer from a high attrition rate,there is a clear need for appropriate PAs.
文摘肥胖是公共卫生领域的一大难题。在本期JAMA杂志中，Ogden等报告了2003年至2004年美国卫生与营养调查（National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey，NHANES）结果。结果显示，在美国，大约有66％的成人存在超重或肥胖现象，有17％的儿童出现超重。研究人员对1999年至2004年的NHANES资料进行分析后发现，超重儿童（2—19）岁）以及肥胖男性的比例有所增加；女性虽不至于此，但其出现重度肥胖的几率几乎是男性的2倍。过度肥胖是一个很复杂的问题，它与胰岛素抵抗、血脂代谢障碍、轻度炎症反应、生长因子及其他激素（参与糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化及某些肿瘤的形成）变化等均有关乙。此外，越来越多的证据表明，肥胖可加速衰老过程。
文摘Intestinal failure is characterized by loss of enteral function to absorb necessary nutrients and water to sustain life.Parenteral nutrition(PN)is a lifesaving therapeutic modality for patients with intestinal failure.Lifelong PN is also needed for patients who have short bowel syndrome due to extensive resection or a dysmotility disorder with malabsorption.However,prolonged PN is associated with short-term and long-term complications.Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease(PNALD)is one of the long-termcomplications associated with the use of an intravenous lipid emulsion to prevent essential fatty acid deficiency in these patients.PNALD affects 30–60%of the adult population on long-term PN.Further,PNALD is one of the indications for isolated liver or combined liver and intestinal transplantation.There is no consensus on how to manage PNALD,but fish oil-based lipid emulsion(FOBLE)has been suggested to play an important role both in its prevention and reversal.There is significant improvement in liver function in those who received FOBLE as lipid supplement compared with those who received soy-based lipid emulsion.Studies have also demonstrated that FOBLE reverses hepatic steatosis and reduces markers of inflammation in patients on long-term PN.Future prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to further strengthen the positive role of FOBLE in PNALD.
文摘This pilot study was conducted to evaluate the impact of spices added to broccoli, cauliflower, and spinach on amount and rate of vegetable consumption. Twenty overweight subjects who routinely ate less than three daily servings of vegetables were recruited. On six occasions, subjects were assigned in random order to eat broccoli, cauliflower, or spinach with or without added spices. Dishes were placed on a modified Universal Eating Monitor (UEM) that recorded rate of eating (g/sec), duration of eating (min) and total amount consumed (g). Total intake and duration of eating were increased significantly for broccoli with spices compared to plain broccoli, but there was no significant difference for cauliflower or spinach. No significant differences were noted in any of the visual analog scale (VAS) responses. This study suggests that adding spices may increase vegetable intake, but more studies in greater numbers of subjects are needed.
文摘Background &Aims: Most patients with extreme obesity have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although gastric bypass (GBP) surgery is the most common bariatric operation performed in obese patients in the United States, the effect of GBP surgery-induced weight loss on the metabolic and hepatic abnormalities associated with NAFLD are not clear. Methods: Whole-body glucose, fatty acid and lipoprotein kinetics, liver histology, and hepatic cellular factors involved in inflammation and fibrogenesis were evaluated in 7 extremely obese subjects (body mass index, 58 ±4 kg/m2) before and 1 year after GBP surgery. Results: At 1 year after surgery, subjects lost 29%±5%of initial body weight (P < .01); palmitate rate of appearance in plasma, an index of adipose tissue lipolysis, decreased by 47%±4%(P < .01); endogenous glucose production rate decreased by 27%±7%(P < .01); and very-low-density lipoprotein-triglyceride secretion rate decreased by 44%±9%(P < .05). In addition, GBP surgery-induced weight loss decreased hepatic steatosis but did not change standard histologic assessments of inflammation and fibrosis. However, there was a marked decrease in hepatic factors involved in regulating fibrogenesis (collagen-α1(I), transforming growth factor-β1,α-smooth muscle actin, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 expression and α-smooth muscle actin content) and inflammation (macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 and interleukin 8 expression) (P < .05, compared with values before weight loss). Conclusions: These data demonstrate that weight loss induced by GBP surgery normalizes the metabolic abnormalities involved in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of NAFLD and decreases the hepatic expression of factors involved in the progression of liver inflammation and fibrosis.
文摘Background: Acute hyperinsulinemia has been shown to increase QTc interval in lean subjects, but data on obese subjects are still unclear. Aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute hyperinsulinemia on QTc interval and QTc dispersion in uncomplicated obesity. Methods: We calculated QTc duration and QTc dispersion in 30 uncomplicated obese subjects(mean age 32.2±7, BMI 36.7±9.4 kg/m2) by measurements of 12-lead ECG recording during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Results: Insulin infusion during the clamp did not significantly modify QTc interval and QTc dispersion in uncomplicated obese subjects(401.5±29.2 vs. 413.7±30.5; 35.4±10.5 vs. 38.7±14.5, respectively). Conclusions: Acute hyperinsulinemia seems to no significantly affect ventricular repolarization in uncomplicated obesity. Insulin resistance and the absence of diabetes and hypertension could explain, at least in part, this finding.
基金T.J.Z.and J.W.are supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32125022 and 92157301 to T.J.Z.,32100539 to J.W.)G.L.is supported by grants from the NIH(P01HL20948-45 and P01HL60487-01).
文摘In a recent article published in Nature,Patel et al.identified adipose triglyceride lipase(ATGL,also known as patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2)as the first biosynthetic enzyme of fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids(FAHFAs),further expanding the knowledge on bioactive lipid research and being a potential paradigm shift for ATGL studies.FAHFAs are a class of diverse lipids that contain two fatty acids linked by a hydroxyl ester group[1].Although FAHFAs were initially identified in insects and plants,the intense interest was not ignited until 2014 when a landmark study by Yore et al.
基金supported by research grants to MJ from Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(D111100000611002)Beijing Health System Leading Talent Grant(2009-1-08)+1 种基金Beijing Training Project for the Leading Talents in S&T(No.2011LJ07)Part of WY's related effort was supported by a research grant from the US NIH/NIDDK(P60DK0079637)
文摘Background:Historical research is limited in changes in pubertal development in Chinese girls.We aimed to identify the timing of pubertal characteristics and the secular trend of menarche age among Beijing girls from the 1980s through the 2000s.Methods:Six data sets were analyzed,including the Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome study in 2004,where 9778 Bejing girls aged 6–18 years were studied.The Fetal Origins of Adult Disease study provided retrospective menarche age from 1940 through 1960.Other four studies were conducted in Beijing to obtain supplementary information to assess secular trend in menarche age.Linear regression method was used to analyze the data.Results:Among Beijing girls in 2004,the median age at menarche was 12.1 years,which was 0.6 years earlier in urban than in rural areas.The median age at Breast Tanner Stage 2 was 9.5±1.2 years,representing 9.4±1.1 years and 9.6±1.2 years for urban and rural girls,respectively.In contrast,the median age at Pubic Hair Tanner Stage 2 was 11.1±1.1 years,representing 10.8±1.1 and 11.4±1.1 years for urban and rural girls,respectively.The menarche age of urban girls decreased by 4.2 months per decade,and that of rural girls by 9.6 months per decade from 1980 to 2004.Conclusions:Urban girls mature earlier than rural girls in Beijing.A secular trend towards earlier menarche was observed between the 1980s and the 2000s.
