This study explores a symmetric configuration approach in anion exchange membrane(AEM)water electrolysis,focusing on overcoming adaptability challenges in dynamic conditions.Here,a rapid and mild synthesis technique f...This study explores a symmetric configuration approach in anion exchange membrane(AEM)water electrolysis,focusing on overcoming adaptability challenges in dynamic conditions.Here,a rapid and mild synthesis technique for fabricating fibrous membrane-type catalyst electrodes is developed.Our method leverages the contrasting oxidation states between the sulfur-doped NiFe(OH)2 shell and the metallic Ni core,as revealed by electron energy loss spectroscopy.Theoretical evaluations confirm that the S–NiFe(OH)_(2) active sites optimize free energy for alkaline water electrolysis intermediates.This technique bypasses traditional energy-intensive processes,achieving superior bifunctional activity beyond current benchmarks.The symmetric AEM water electrolyzer demonstrates a current density of 2 A cm^(-2) at 1.78 V at 60℃ in 1 M KOH electrolyte and also sustains ampere-scale water electrolysis below 2.0 V for 140 h even in ambient conditions.These results highlight the system's operational flexibility and structural stability,marking a significant advance-ment in AEM water electrolysis technology.展开更多
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is a‘highly transmissible respiratory pathogen,leading to severe multiorgan damage.However,knowledge regarding SARS-CoV-2-induced cellular alterations is lim...Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is a‘highly transmissible respiratory pathogen,leading to severe multiorgan damage.However,knowledge regarding SARS-CoV-2-induced cellular alterations is limited.In this study,we report that SARSCoV-2 aberrantly elevates mitochondrial bioenergetics and activates the EGFR-mediated cell survival signal cascade during the early stage of viral infection.SARS-CoV-2 causes an increase in mitochondrial transmembrane potential via the SARS-CoV-2 RNAnucleocapsid cluster,thereby abnormally promoting mitochondrial elongation and the OXPHOS process,followed by enhancing ATP production.Furthermore,SARS-CoV-2 activates the EGFR signal cascade and subsequently induces mitochondrial EGFR trafficking,contributing to abnormal OXPHOS process and viral propagation.Approved EGFR inhibitors remarkably reduce SARS-CoV-2 propagation,among which vandetanib exhibits the highest antiviral efficacy.Treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells with vandetanib decreases SARS-CoV-2-induced EGFR trafficking to the mitochondria and restores SARS-CoV-2-induced aberrant elevation in OXPHOS process and ATP generation,thereby resulting in the reduction of SARS-CoV-2 propagation.Furthermore,oral administration of vandetanib to SARS-CoV-2-infected hACE2 transgenic mice reduces SARS-CoV-2 propagation in lung tissue and mitigates SARS-CoV-2-induced lung inflammation.Vandetanib also exhibits potent antiviral activity against various SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern,including alpha,beta,delta and omicron,in in vitro cell culture experiments.Taken together,our findings provide novel insight into SARS-CoV-2-induced alterations in mitochondrial dynamics and EGFR trafficking during the early stage of viral infection and their roles in robust SARS-CoV-2 propagation,suggesting that EGFR is an attractive host target for combating COVID-19.展开更多
基金This research was supported by the“Regional Innovation Strategy(RIS)”through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(MOE)(2021RIS-002)This work was supported by an NRF grant funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT,and Future Planning(No.NRF-2018R1C1B6005009,NRF-2021R1C1C1012676,and 2009-0082580).
文摘This study explores a symmetric configuration approach in anion exchange membrane(AEM)water electrolysis,focusing on overcoming adaptability challenges in dynamic conditions.Here,a rapid and mild synthesis technique for fabricating fibrous membrane-type catalyst electrodes is developed.Our method leverages the contrasting oxidation states between the sulfur-doped NiFe(OH)2 shell and the metallic Ni core,as revealed by electron energy loss spectroscopy.Theoretical evaluations confirm that the S–NiFe(OH)_(2) active sites optimize free energy for alkaline water electrolysis intermediates.This technique bypasses traditional energy-intensive processes,achieving superior bifunctional activity beyond current benchmarks.The symmetric AEM water electrolyzer demonstrates a current density of 2 A cm^(-2) at 1.78 V at 60℃ in 1 M KOH electrolyte and also sustains ampere-scale water electrolysis below 2.0 V for 140 h even in ambient conditions.These results highlight the system's operational flexibility and structural stability,marking a significant advance-ment in AEM water electrolysis technology.
基金supported in part by the National Research Council of Science&Technology grant by the Korea government(CRC-16-01-KRICT)the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology(KRICT)(KK2333-20)+1 种基金the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2021M3E5E3080540,RS-2023-00248135)the BK 21 FOUR Program by the Chungnam National University Research Grant,2023.
文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is a‘highly transmissible respiratory pathogen,leading to severe multiorgan damage.However,knowledge regarding SARS-CoV-2-induced cellular alterations is limited.In this study,we report that SARSCoV-2 aberrantly elevates mitochondrial bioenergetics and activates the EGFR-mediated cell survival signal cascade during the early stage of viral infection.SARS-CoV-2 causes an increase in mitochondrial transmembrane potential via the SARS-CoV-2 RNAnucleocapsid cluster,thereby abnormally promoting mitochondrial elongation and the OXPHOS process,followed by enhancing ATP production.Furthermore,SARS-CoV-2 activates the EGFR signal cascade and subsequently induces mitochondrial EGFR trafficking,contributing to abnormal OXPHOS process and viral propagation.Approved EGFR inhibitors remarkably reduce SARS-CoV-2 propagation,among which vandetanib exhibits the highest antiviral efficacy.Treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells with vandetanib decreases SARS-CoV-2-induced EGFR trafficking to the mitochondria and restores SARS-CoV-2-induced aberrant elevation in OXPHOS process and ATP generation,thereby resulting in the reduction of SARS-CoV-2 propagation.Furthermore,oral administration of vandetanib to SARS-CoV-2-infected hACE2 transgenic mice reduces SARS-CoV-2 propagation in lung tissue and mitigates SARS-CoV-2-induced lung inflammation.Vandetanib also exhibits potent antiviral activity against various SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern,including alpha,beta,delta and omicron,in in vitro cell culture experiments.Taken together,our findings provide novel insight into SARS-CoV-2-induced alterations in mitochondrial dynamics and EGFR trafficking during the early stage of viral infection and their roles in robust SARS-CoV-2 propagation,suggesting that EGFR is an attractive host target for combating COVID-19.
