The issues of reducing CO_2 emissions, sustainably utilizing natural mineral resources, and dealing with industrial waste offer challenges for sustainable development in energy and the environment. We propose an effic...The issues of reducing CO_2 emissions, sustainably utilizing natural mineral resources, and dealing with industrial waste offer challenges for sustainable development in energy and the environment. We propose an efficient methodology via the co-reaction of K-feldspar and phosphogypsum for the extraction of soluble potassium salts and recovery of SO_2 with reduced CO_2 emission and energy consumption. The results of characterization and reactivity evaluation indicated that the partial melting of K-feldspar and phosphogypsum in the hightemperature co-reaction significantly facilitated the reduction of phosphogypsum to SO_2 and the exchange of K^+(K-feldspar) with Ca^(2+)(CaSO_4 in phosphogypsum). The reaction parameters were systematically investigated with the highest sulfur recovery ratio of ~ 60% and K extraction ratio of ~ 87.7%. This novel methodology possesses an energy consumption reduction of ~ 28% and CO_2 emission reduction of ~ 55% comparing with the present typical commercial technologies for utilization of K-feldspar and the treatment of phosphogypsum.展开更多
The issues of reducing CO_2 levels in the atmo-sphere, sustainably utilizing natural mineral resources,and dealing with indus trial waste offer challenging opportunities for sustainable development in energy and the e...The issues of reducing CO_2 levels in the atmo-sphere, sustainably utilizing natural mineral resources,and dealing with indus trial waste offer challenging opportunities for sustainable development in energy and the environment. The latest advances in CO_2 mineralization technology involving natural minerals and industrial waste are summarized in this paper, with great emphasis on the advancement of fundamental science, economic evaluation, and engineering applications. We discuss several lead-ing large-scale CO_2 mineralization methodologies from a techn ical and engineering-science perspective. For each technology option, we give an overview of the technical parameters, reaction pathway, reactivity, procedural scheme, and laboratorial and pilot devices. Furthermore, we present a discussion of each technology based on experimental results and the literature. Finally, current gaps in knowledge are identified in the conclusion, and an overview of the challenges and opportunities for future research in this field is provided.展开更多
CO2 capture and storage(CCS) is an important strategy in combatting anthropogenic climate change.However,commercial application of the CCS technique is currently hampered by its high energy expenditure and costs.To ov...CO2 capture and storage(CCS) is an important strategy in combatting anthropogenic climate change.However,commercial application of the CCS technique is currently hampered by its high energy expenditure and costs.To overcome this issue,CO2 capture and utilization(CCU) is a promising CO2 disposal method.We,for the first time,developed a promising method to mineralize CO2 using earth-abundant potassium feldspar in order to effectively reduce CO2 emissions.Our experiments demonstrate that,after adding calcium chloride hexahydrate as an additive,the K-feldspar can be transformed to Ca-silicates at 800 C,which can easily mineralize CO2 to form stable calcium carbonate and recover soluble potassium.The conversion of this process reached 84.7%.With further study,the pretreatment temperature can be reduced to 250 C using hydrothermal method by adding the solution of triethanolamine(TEA).The highest conversion can be reached 40.1%.The process of simultaneous mineralization of CO2 and recovery of soluble potassium can be easily implemented in practice and may provide an economically feasible way to tackle global anthropogenic climate change.展开更多
The extraction of potassium from K-feldspar via a calcium chloride calcination route was studied with a focus on the effects of the calcination atmosphere, calcination temperature and time, mass ratio of CaCl2 to K-fe...The extraction of potassium from K-feldspar via a calcium chloride calcination route was studied with a focus on the effects of the calcination atmosphere, calcination temperature and time, mass ratio of CaCl2 to K-feldspar ore and particle size of the K-feldspar ore. The results demonstrated that a competing high-temperature hydrolysis reaction of calcium chloride with moisture in a damp atmosphere occurred concurrently with the conversion reaction of K-feldspar with CaCl2, thus reducing the amount of potassium extracted. The conversion reaction started at approximately 600 °C and accelerated with increasing temperature. When the temperature rose above 900 °C, the extraction of potassium gradually decreased due to the volatilization of the product, KCl.As much as approximately 41% of the potassium was volatilized in 40 min at 1100 °C. The mass ratio of CaCl2/K-feldspar ore significantly affected the extraction. At a mass ratio of 1.15 and 900 °C, the potassium extraction reached 91% in 40 min, while the extraction was reduced to only 22% at the theoretical mass ratio of 0.2. Optimal process conditions are as follows: ore particle size of 50–75 μm, tablet forming pressure of 3 MPa, dry nitrogen atmosphere, mass ratio of CaCl2/ore 1.15:1, calcination temperature of 900 °C, and calcination time of 40 min.The XRD analysis revealed that a complex phase transition of the product SiO2 was also accompanied by the conversion reaction of K-feldspar/CaCl2. The SiO2 product formed at the initial stage was in the quartz phase at 900 °C and was gradually transformed into cristobalite after 30 min.展开更多
CO2 mineralization and utilization is a new area for reducing the CO2 emissions.By reacting with natural mineral or industrial waste,CO2 can be transformed into valuable solid carbonate(such as calcium carbonate or ma...CO2 mineralization and utilization is a new area for reducing the CO2 emissions.By reacting with natural mineral or industrial waste,CO2 can be transformed into valuable solid carbonate(such as calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate)with recovery of some products simultaneously.In this paper,a novel method was proposed to mineralize CO2 by means of magnesium chloride with small energy consumption.In this method,magnesium chloride was firstly transformed into magnesium hydroxide by electrolysis.The formed magnesium hydroxide showed high reactivity to mineralize CO2.In our study,even at low concentration,CO2 can be effectively mineralized by this method,which makes it possible to directly mineralize flue gas CO2,avoiding the expensive process of CO2capture and purification.Moreover,valuable products such as hydromagnesite and nesquehonite can be recovered by this method.Because of the wide distribution of magnesium chloride in nature,large-scale CO2mineralization is potential by means of magnesium chloride.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21336004)the State Key Research Plan of the Ministry of Science and Technology(2013BAC12B03)
文摘The issues of reducing CO_2 emissions, sustainably utilizing natural mineral resources, and dealing with industrial waste offer challenges for sustainable development in energy and the environment. We propose an efficient methodology via the co-reaction of K-feldspar and phosphogypsum for the extraction of soluble potassium salts and recovery of SO_2 with reduced CO_2 emission and energy consumption. The results of characterization and reactivity evaluation indicated that the partial melting of K-feldspar and phosphogypsum in the hightemperature co-reaction significantly facilitated the reduction of phosphogypsum to SO_2 and the exchange of K^+(K-feldspar) with Ca^(2+)(CaSO_4 in phosphogypsum). The reaction parameters were systematically investigated with the highest sulfur recovery ratio of ~ 60% and K extraction ratio of ~ 87.7%. This novel methodology possesses an energy consumption reduction of ~ 28% and CO_2 emission reduction of ~ 55% comparing with the present typical commercial technologies for utilization of K-feldspar and the treatment of phosphogypsum.
基金finance support of the Ministry of Science and Technology (State Key Research Plan, 2013BAC12B00)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21336004 and 51254002)
文摘The issues of reducing CO_2 levels in the atmo-sphere, sustainably utilizing natural mineral resources,and dealing with indus trial waste offer challenging opportunities for sustainable development in energy and the environment. The latest advances in CO_2 mineralization technology involving natural minerals and industrial waste are summarized in this paper, with great emphasis on the advancement of fundamental science, economic evaluation, and engineering applications. We discuss several lead-ing large-scale CO_2 mineralization methodologies from a techn ical and engineering-science perspective. For each technology option, we give an overview of the technical parameters, reaction pathway, reactivity, procedural scheme, and laboratorial and pilot devices. Furthermore, we present a discussion of each technology based on experimental results and the literature. Finally, current gaps in knowledge are identified in the conclusion, and an overview of the challenges and opportunities for future research in this field is provided.
基金supported by the International Cooperative Research Project of CO2 Storage and Utilization in Saline Aquifer (2012DFA60760)from the Ministry of Science and TechnologyBasic Research for Chinese Energy Storage in Caverns Built in Highly Impure Rock Salt(51120145001) from the Natural Science Foundation of China+2 种基金the National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars (51125017)the National Basic Research Projects of China (2011CB201201,2010CB226804)from the Ministry of Science and TechnologyKey Research Program from the Ministry of Education of China
文摘CO2 capture and storage(CCS) is an important strategy in combatting anthropogenic climate change.However,commercial application of the CCS technique is currently hampered by its high energy expenditure and costs.To overcome this issue,CO2 capture and utilization(CCU) is a promising CO2 disposal method.We,for the first time,developed a promising method to mineralize CO2 using earth-abundant potassium feldspar in order to effectively reduce CO2 emissions.Our experiments demonstrate that,after adding calcium chloride hexahydrate as an additive,the K-feldspar can be transformed to Ca-silicates at 800 C,which can easily mineralize CO2 to form stable calcium carbonate and recover soluble potassium.The conversion of this process reached 84.7%.With further study,the pretreatment temperature can be reduced to 250 C using hydrothermal method by adding the solution of triethanolamine(TEA).The highest conversion can be reached 40.1%.The process of simultaneous mineralization of CO2 and recovery of soluble potassium can be easily implemented in practice and may provide an economically feasible way to tackle global anthropogenic climate change.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology(State Key Research Plan2013BAC12B03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21236004,21336004)
文摘The extraction of potassium from K-feldspar via a calcium chloride calcination route was studied with a focus on the effects of the calcination atmosphere, calcination temperature and time, mass ratio of CaCl2 to K-feldspar ore and particle size of the K-feldspar ore. The results demonstrated that a competing high-temperature hydrolysis reaction of calcium chloride with moisture in a damp atmosphere occurred concurrently with the conversion reaction of K-feldspar with CaCl2, thus reducing the amount of potassium extracted. The conversion reaction started at approximately 600 °C and accelerated with increasing temperature. When the temperature rose above 900 °C, the extraction of potassium gradually decreased due to the volatilization of the product, KCl.As much as approximately 41% of the potassium was volatilized in 40 min at 1100 °C. The mass ratio of CaCl2/K-feldspar ore significantly affected the extraction. At a mass ratio of 1.15 and 900 °C, the potassium extraction reached 91% in 40 min, while the extraction was reduced to only 22% at the theoretical mass ratio of 0.2. Optimal process conditions are as follows: ore particle size of 50–75 μm, tablet forming pressure of 3 MPa, dry nitrogen atmosphere, mass ratio of CaCl2/ore 1.15:1, calcination temperature of 900 °C, and calcination time of 40 min.The XRD analysis revealed that a complex phase transition of the product SiO2 was also accompanied by the conversion reaction of K-feldspar/CaCl2. The SiO2 product formed at the initial stage was in the quartz phase at 900 °C and was gradually transformed into cristobalite after 30 min.
基金supported by International Cooperative Research Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology (2012DFA60760)the Natural Science Foundation of China (51120145001,51254002)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars (51125017)the Natural Basic Research Projects of China (2011CB201201,2010CB226804)
文摘CO2 mineralization and utilization is a new area for reducing the CO2 emissions.By reacting with natural mineral or industrial waste,CO2 can be transformed into valuable solid carbonate(such as calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate)with recovery of some products simultaneously.In this paper,a novel method was proposed to mineralize CO2 by means of magnesium chloride with small energy consumption.In this method,magnesium chloride was firstly transformed into magnesium hydroxide by electrolysis.The formed magnesium hydroxide showed high reactivity to mineralize CO2.In our study,even at low concentration,CO2 can be effectively mineralized by this method,which makes it possible to directly mineralize flue gas CO2,avoiding the expensive process of CO2capture and purification.Moreover,valuable products such as hydromagnesite and nesquehonite can be recovered by this method.Because of the wide distribution of magnesium chloride in nature,large-scale CO2mineralization is potential by means of magnesium chloride.
