Low-value,renewable,carbon-rich resources,with different biomass feedstocks and their derivatives as typical examples,represent virtually inexhaustive carbon sources and carbon-related energy on Earth.Upon conversion ...Low-value,renewable,carbon-rich resources,with different biomass feedstocks and their derivatives as typical examples,represent virtually inexhaustive carbon sources and carbon-related energy on Earth.Upon conversion to higher-value forms(referred to as“up-carbonization”here),these abundant feedstocks provide viable opportunities for energy-rich fuels and sustainable platform chemicals production.However,many of the current methods for such up-carbonization still lack sufficient energy,cost,and material efficiency,which affect their economics and carbon-emissions footprint.With external electricity precisely delivered,discharge plasmas enable many stubborn reactions to occur under mild conditions,by creating locally intensified and highly reactive environments.This technology emerges as a novel,versatile technology platform for integrated or stand-alone conversion of carbon-rich resources.The plasma-based processes are compatible for integration with increasingly abundant and cost-effective renewable electricity,making the whole conversion carbon-neutral and further paving the plasma-electrified upcarbonization to be performance-,environment-,and economics-viable.Despite the chief interest in this emerging area,no review article brings together the state-of-the-art results from diverse disciplines and underlies basic mechanisms and chemistry underpinned.As such,this review aims to fill this gap and provide basic guidelines for future research and transformation,by providing an overview of the application of plasma techniques for carbon-rich resource conversion,with particular focus on the perspective of discharge plasmas,the fundamentals of why plasmas are particularly suited for upcarbonization,and featured examples of plasma-enabled resource valorization.With parallels drawn and specificity highlighted,we also discuss the technique shortcomings,current challenges,and research needs for future work.展开更多
Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries are supposed to be one of the most potential next-generation batteries owing to their high theoretical capacity and low cost.Nevertheless,the shuttle effect of firm multi-step two-elect...Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries are supposed to be one of the most potential next-generation batteries owing to their high theoretical capacity and low cost.Nevertheless,the shuttle effect of firm multi-step two-electron reaction between sulfur and lithium in liquid electrolyte makes the capacity much smaller than the theoretical value.Many methods were proposed for inhibiting the shuttle effect of polysulfide,improving corresponding redox kinetics and enhancing the integral performance of Li–S batteries.Here,we will comprehensively and systematically summarize the strategies for inhibiting the shuttle effect from all components of Li–S batteries.First,the electrochemical principles/mechanism and origin of the shuttle effect are described in detail.Moreover,the efficient strategies,including boosting the sulfur conversion rate of sulfur,confining sulfur or lithium polysulfides(LPS)within cathode host,confining LPS in the shield layer,and preventing LPS from contacting the anode,will be discussed to suppress the shuttle effect.Then,recent advances in inhibition of shuttle effect in cathode,electrolyte,separator,and anode with the aforementioned strategies have been summarized to direct the further design of efficient materials for Li–S batteries.Finally,we present prospects for inhibition of the LPS shuttle and potential development directions in Li–S batteries.展开更多
Compared with the extensively used ester‐based electrolyte,the hard carbon(HC)electrode is more compatible with the ether‐based counterpart in sodium‐ion batteries,which can lead to improved cycling stability and r...Compared with the extensively used ester‐based electrolyte,the hard carbon(HC)electrode is more compatible with the ether‐based counterpart in sodium‐ion batteries,which can lead to improved cycling stability and robust rate capability.However,the impact of salt anion on the electrochemical performance of HC electrodes has yet to be fully understood.In this study,the anionic chemistry in regulating the stability of electrolytes and the performance of sodium‐ion batteries have been systematically investigated.This work shows discrepancies in the reductive stability of the anionic group,redox kinetics,and component/structure of solid electrolyte interface(SEI)with different salts(NaBF_(4),NaPF_(6),and NaSO_(3)CF_(3))in the typical ether solvent(diglyme).Particularly,the density functional theory calculation manifests the preferred decomposition of PF_(6)−due to the reduced reductive stability of anions in the solvation structure,thus leading to the formation of NaF‐rich SEI.Further investigation on redox kinetics reveals that the NaPF_(6)/diglyme can induce the fast ionic diffusion dynamic and low charge transfer barrier for HC electrode,thus resulting in superior sodium storage performance in terms of rate capability and cycling life,which outperforms those of NaBF_(4)/diglyme and NaSO_(3)CF_(3)/diglyme.Importantly,this work offers valuable insights for optimizing the electrochemical behaviors of electrode materials by regulating the anionic group in the electrolyte.展开更多
Engineering high‐performance and low‐cost bifunctional catalysts for H_(2)(hydrogen evolution reaction[HER])and O_(2)(oxygen evolution reaction[OER])evolution under industrial electrocatalytic conditions remains cha...Engineering high‐performance and low‐cost bifunctional catalysts for H_(2)(hydrogen evolution reaction[HER])and O_(2)(oxygen evolution reaction[OER])evolution under industrial electrocatalytic conditions remains challenging.Here,for the first time,we use the stronger electronegativity of a rare‐Earth yttrium ion(Y^(3+))to induce in situ NiCo‐layered double‐hydroxide nanosheets from NiCo foam(NCF)treated by a dielectric barrier discharge plasma NCF(PNCF),and then obtain nitrogen‐doped YNiCo phosphide(N‐YNiCoP/PNCF)after the phosphating process using radiofrequency plasma in nitrogen.The obtained NYNiCoP/PNCF has a large specific surface area,rich heterointerfaces,and an optimized electronic structure,inducing high electrocatalytic activity in HER(331mV vs.2000mA cm^(−2))and OER(464mV vs.2000mA cm^(−2))reactions in 1MKOH electrolyte.X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory quantum chemistry calculations reveal that the coordination number of CoNi decreased with the incorporation of Y atoms,which induce much shorter bonds of Ni and Co ions and promote long‐term stability of N‐YNiCoP in HER and OER under the simulated industrial conditions.Meanwhile,the CoN‐YP_(5) heterointerface formed by plasma N‐doping is the active center for overall water splitting.This work expands the applications of rare‐Earth elements in engineering bifunctional electrocatalysts and provides a new avenue for designing highperformance transition‐metal‐based catalysts in the renewable energy field.展开更多
Electrocatalysis for the oxygen evolution reactions(OER)has attracted much attention due to its important role in water splitting and rechargeable metal-air batteries.Therefore,designing highly efficient and low-cost ...Electrocatalysis for the oxygen evolution reactions(OER)has attracted much attention due to its important role in water splitting and rechargeable metal-air batteries.Therefore,designing highly efficient and low-cost catalysts for OER process is essential as the conventional catalysts still rely on precious metals.Transition metal-based compounds have been widely investigated as active OER catalysts,and renewed interest in the high valence metals engineered compounds has been achieved for superior catalytic activity and stability.However,an in-depth understanding of the construction strategies and induced effects for the high valence metals engineered catalysts is still lacking and desired.In this review,we have summarized the construction strategies of high valence metals as dopants or formed heterostructures with the iron/cobalt/nickel(Fe/Co/Ni)-based catalysts.Then the induced effects on Fe/Co/Ni-based catalysts by incorporating high valence metals,e.g.,accelerating the surface reconstruction,forming amorphous structure,generating vacancies/defects,and acting as stabilizers,are highlighted.The impacts of high valence metals on OER performance are elucidated based on different elements,including molybdenum(Mo),tungsten(W),cerium(Ce),vanadium(V),chromium(Cr),manganese(Mn),niobium(Nb),zirconium(Zr).The correlations of construction strategies,induced effects,catalytic activity and OER reaction pathways are elaborated.Finally,the remaining challenges for further enhancements of OER performance induced by high valence metals are presented.展开更多
The electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER) are fundamental processes in a range of energy conversion devices such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries. ORR and OER both hav...The electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER) are fundamental processes in a range of energy conversion devices such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries. ORR and OER both have significant activation barriers, which severely limit the overall performance of energy conversion devices that utilize ORR/OER. Meanwhile, ORR is another very important electrochemical reaction involving oxygen that has been widely investigated. ORR occurs in aqueous solutions via two pathways: the direct 4-electron reduction or 2-electron reduction pathways from O_(2) to water(H_2O) or from O_(2) to hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_(2)). Noble metal electrocatalysts are often used to catalyze OER and ORR, despite the fact that noble metal electrocatalysts have certain intrinsic limitations, such as low storage. Thus, it is urgent to develop more active and stable low-cost electrocatalysts, especially for severe environments(e.g., acidic media). Theoretically, an ideal oxygen electrocatalyst should provide adequate binding to oxygen species. Transition metals not belonging to the platinum group metal-based oxides are a low-cost substance that could give a d orbital for oxygen species binding. As a result, transition metal oxides are regarded as a substitute for typical precious metal oxygen electrocatalysts. However, the development of oxide catalysts for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions still faces significant challenges, e.g., catalytic activity, stability, cost, and reaction mechanism. We discuss the fundamental principles underlying the design of oxide catalysts, including the influence of crystal structure, and electronic structure on their performance. We also discuss the challenges associated with developing oxide catalysts and the potential strategies to overcome these challenges.展开更多
Heterostructure engineering combined with carbonaceous materials shows great promise toward promoting sluggish kinetics,improving electronic conductivity,and mitigating the huge expansion of transition metal sulfide e...Heterostructure engineering combined with carbonaceous materials shows great promise toward promoting sluggish kinetics,improving electronic conductivity,and mitigating the huge expansion of transition metal sulfide electrodes for high-performance sodium storage.Herein,the iron sulfide-based heterostructures in situ hybridized with nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes(Fe_(7)S_(8)/FeS_(2)/NCNT)have been prepared through a successive pyrolysis and sulfidation approach.The Fe_(7)S_(8)/FeS_(2)/NCNT heterostructure delivered a high reversible capacity of 403.2 mAh g^(−1) up to 100 cycles at 1.0 A g^(−1) and superior rate capability(273.4 mAh g^(−1) at 20.0 A g^(−1))in ester-based electrolyte.Meanwhile,the electrodes also demonstrated long-term cycling stability(466.7 mAh g^(−1) after 1,000 cycles at 5.0 A g^(−1))and outstanding rate capability(536.5 mAh g^(−1) at 20.0 A g^(−1))in ether-based electrolyte.This outstanding performance could be mainly attributed to the fast sodium-ion diffusion kinetics,high capacitive contribution,and convenient interfacial dynamics in ether-based electrolyte.展开更多
Zinc(Zn)metal anodes have enticed substantial curiosity for large-scale energy storage owing to inherent safety,high specific and volumetric energy capacities of Zn metal anodes.However,the aqueous electrolyte traditi...Zinc(Zn)metal anodes have enticed substantial curiosity for large-scale energy storage owing to inherent safety,high specific and volumetric energy capacities of Zn metal anodes.However,the aqueous electrolyte traditionally employed in Zn batteries suffers severe decomposition due to the narrow voltage stability window.Herein,we introduce N-methylformamide(NMF)as an organic solvent and modulate the solvation structure to obtain a stable organic/aqueous hybrid electrolyte for high-voltage Zn batteries.NMF is not only extremely stable against Zn metal anodes but also reduces the free water molecule availability by creating numerous hydrogen bonds,thereby accommodating high-voltage Zn‖LiMn_(2)O_(4)batteries.The introduction of NMF prevented hydrogen evolution reaction and promoted the creation of an Frich solid electrolyte interphase,which in turn hampered dendrite growth on Zn anodes.The Zn‖LiMn_(2)O_(4)full cells delivered a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.7%over 400 cycles.展开更多
The widespread interest in layered P2-type Mn-based cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)stems from their cost-effectiveness and abundant resources.However,the inferior cycle stability and mediocre rate per...The widespread interest in layered P2-type Mn-based cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)stems from their cost-effectiveness and abundant resources.However,the inferior cycle stability and mediocre rate performance impede their further development in practical applications.Herein,we devised a wet chemical precipitation method to deposit an amorphous aluminum phosphate(AlPO_(4),denoted as AP)protective layer onto the surface of P2-type Na_(0.55)Ni_(0.1)Co_(0.7)Mn_(0.8)O_(2)(NCM@AP).The resulting NCM@5AP electrode,with a 5 wt%coating,exhibits extended cycle life(capacity retention of78.4%after 200 cycles at 100 mA g^(-1))and superior rate performance(98 mA h g^(-1)at 500 mA g^(-1))compared to pristine NCM.Moreover,our investigation provides comprehensive insights into the phase stability and active Na^(+)ion kinetics in the NCM@5AP composite electrode,shedding light on the underlying mechanisms responsible for the enhanced performance observed in the coated electrode.展开更多
Aqueous Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors(ZHSs)are increasingly being studied as a novel electrochemical energy storage system with prominent electrochemical performance,high safety and low cost.Herein,high-energy and ant...Aqueous Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors(ZHSs)are increasingly being studied as a novel electrochemical energy storage system with prominent electrochemical performance,high safety and low cost.Herein,high-energy and anti-self-discharge ZHSs are realized based on the fibrous carbon cathodes with hierarchically porous surface and O/N heteroatom functional groups.Hierarchically porous surface of the fabricated free-standing fibrous carbon cathodes not only provides abundant active sites for divalent ion storage,but also optimizes ion transport kinetics.Consequently,the cathodes show a high gravimetric capacity of 156 mAh g^(−1),superior rate capability(79 mAh g^(−1)with a very short charge/discharge time of 14 s)and exceptional cycling stability.Meanwhile,hierarchical pore structure and suitable surface functional groups of the cathodes endow ZHSs with a high energy density of 127 Wh kg−1,a high power density of 15.3 kW kg^(−1)and good anti-self-discharge performance.Mechanism investigation reveals that ZHS electrochemistry involves cation adsorption/desorption and Zn_(4)SO_(4)(OH)_(6)·5H_(2)O formation/dissolution at low voltage and anion adsorption/desorption at high voltage on carbon cathodes.The roles of these reactions in energy storage of ZHSs are elucidated.This work not only paves a way for high-performance cathode materials of ZHSs,but also provides a deeper understanding of ZHS electrochemistry.展开更多
Metallic Sn has provoked tremendous progress as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).However,Sn anodes suffer from a dramatic capacity fading,owing to pulverization induced by drastic volume expansion duri...Metallic Sn has provoked tremendous progress as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).However,Sn anodes suffer from a dramatic capacity fading,owing to pulverization induced by drastic volume expansion during cycling.Herein,a flexible three-dimensional(3D)hierarchical conductive network electrode is designed by constructing Sn quantum dots(QDs)encapsulated in one-dimensional N,S codoped carbon nanofibers(NS-CNFs)sheathed within two-dimensional(2D)reduced graphene oxide(rGO)scrolls.In this ingenious strategy,1D NS-CNFs are regarded as building blocks to prevent the aggregation and pulverization of Sn QDs during sodiation/desodiation,2D rGO acts as electrical roads and“bridges”among NS-CNFs to improve the conductivity of the electrode and enlarge the contact area with electrolyte.Because of the unique structural merits,the flexible 3D hierarchical conductive network was directly used as binder-and current collectorfree anode for SIBs,exhibiting ultra-long cycling life(373 mAh g?1 after 5000 cycles at 1 A g?1),and excellent high-rate capability(189 mAh g?1 at 10 A g?1).This work provides a facile and efficient engineering method to construct 3D hierarchical conductive electrodes for other flexible energy storage devices.展开更多
Lithium-rich oxide compounds have been recognized as promising cathode materials for high performance Li-ion batteries,owing to their high specific capacity.However,it remains a great challenge to achieve the fully re...Lithium-rich oxide compounds have been recognized as promising cathode materials for high performance Li-ion batteries,owing to their high specific capacity.However,it remains a great challenge to achieve the fully reversible anionic redox reactions to realize high capacity,high stability,and low voltage hysteresis for lithiumrich cathode materials.Therefore,it is critically important to comprehensively understand and control the anionic redox chemistry of lithium-rich cathode materials,including atomic structure design,and nano-scale materials engineering technologies.Herein,we summarize the recent research progress of lithium-rich cathode materials with a focus on redox chemistry.Particularly,we highlight the oxygen-based redox reactions in lithium-rich metal oxides,with critical views of designing next generation oxygen redox lithium cathode materials.Furthermore,we purposed the most promising strategies for improving the performances of lithium-rich cathode materials with a technology-spectrum from the atomic scale to nano-scale.展开更多
Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs) have become a research hotspot in recent years,due to their huge potential for high-energy,fast-rate,safe and low-cost energy storage.To realize good electrochemical prope...Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs) have become a research hotspot in recent years,due to their huge potential for high-energy,fast-rate,safe and low-cost energy storage.To realize good electrochemical properties of ZIBs,cathode materials with prominent Zn^(2+) storage capability are highly needed.Herein,we report a promising ZIB cathode material based on electrochemically induced transformation of vanadium oxides.Specifically,K_(2) V_6 O_(16)·1.5 H_(2) O nanofibers were synthesized through a simple stirring method at near room temperature and then used as cathode materials for ZIBs in different electrolytes.The cathode presented superior Zn^(2+) storage capability in Zn(OTf)_(2) aqueous electrolyte,including high capacity of 321 mAh/g,fast charge/discharge ability(96 mAh/g delivered in 35 s), high energy density of 235 Wh/kg and good cycling performance.Mechanism analysis evidenced that in Zn(OTf)_(2) electrolyte,Zn^(2+) intercalation in the first discharge process promoted K_(2) V_6 O_(16)·1.5 H_(2) O nanofibers to transform into Zn_(3+x)V_(2) O_7(OH)_(2)·2 H_(2) O nanoflakes,and the latter served as the Zn^(2+)-storage host in subsequent charge/discharge processes.Benefiting from open-framework crystal structure and sufficiently exposed surface,the Zn_(3+x)V_(2) O_7(OH)_(2)·2_H2 O nanoflakes exhibited high Zn^(2+) diffusion coefficient,smaller charge-transfer resistance and good reversibility of Zn^(2+) intercalation/de-intercalation,thus leading to superior electrochemical performance.While in ZnS04 aqueous electrolyte,the cathode material cannot sufficiently transform into Zn_(3+x)V_(2) O_7(OH)_(2)·2 H_(2) O thereby corresponding to inferior electrochemical behaviors.Underlying mechanism and influencing factors of such a transformation phenomenon was also explored.This work not only reports a high-performance ZIB cathode material based on electrochemically induced transformation of vanadium oxides,but also provides new insights into Zn^(2+)-storage electrochemistry.展开更多
Aqueous rechargeable batteries have attracted enormous attention owning to their intrinsic characteristics of non-flammability, low cost, and the superior ionic conductivity of the aqueous electrolyte.However, the nar...Aqueous rechargeable batteries have attracted enormous attention owning to their intrinsic characteristics of non-flammability, low cost, and the superior ionic conductivity of the aqueous electrolyte.However, the narrow electrochemical stability window(1.23 V), imposed by hydrogen and oxygen evolution, constrains the overall energy density of batteries. The revolutionary "water-in-salt” electrolytes considerably expand the electrochemical stability window to 3 or even 4 volts, giving rise to a new series of high-voltage aqueous metal-ion chemistries. Herein, the recent advances in "water-in-salt” electrolytes for aqueous monovalent-ion(Li^(+), Na^(+), K^(+)) rechargeable batteries have been systematically reviewed. Meanwhile, the corresponding reaction mechanisms, electrochemical performances and the existing challenges and opportunities are also highlighted.展开更多
Non-precious metal nitrogen-doped carbonaceous materials have attracted tremendous attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage and conversion.Herein,we report the designed synthesis of a novel series of C...Non-precious metal nitrogen-doped carbonaceous materials have attracted tremendous attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage and conversion.Herein,we report the designed synthesis of a novel series of Co-N-C nanocomposites and their evaluation of electrochemical properties.Novel yolkshell structured Co nanoparticles@polymer materials are fabricated from the facile coating polymer strategy on the surface of ZIF-67.After calcination in nitrogen atmosphere,the Co–N–C nanocomposites in which cobalt metal nanoparticles are embedded in the highly porous and graphitic carbon matrix are successfully achieved.The cobalt nanoparticles containing cobalt metal crystallites with an oxidized shell and/or smaller(or amorphous)cobalt-oxide deposits appear on the surface of graphitic carbons.The prepared Co–N–C nanoparticles showed favorable electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reactions,which is attributed to its high graphitic degree,large surface area and the large amount existence of Co–N active sites.展开更多
Due to larger atom utilization,unique electronic properties and unsaturated coordination,atomically dispersed non-precious metal catalysts with outstanding performances have received great attention in electrocatalysi...Due to larger atom utilization,unique electronic properties and unsaturated coordination,atomically dispersed non-precious metal catalysts with outstanding performances have received great attention in electrocatalysis.Considering the challenge of serious aggregation,rational synthesis of an atomic catalyst with good dispersion of atoms is paramount to the development of these catalysts.Herein,we report an enhanced confinement strategy to synthesize a catalyst comprised of atomically dispersed Fe supported on porous nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon from the novel and more cross-linkable Melamine-Glyoxal Resin.Densified isolated grid trapping,excessive melamine restricting,and nitrogen anchoring are strongly combined to ensure the final atomic-level dispersion of metal atoms.Experimental studies revealed enhanced kinetics of the obtained catalyst towards oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).This catalytic activity originates from the highly active surface with atomically dispersed iron sites as well as the multi-level three-dimensional structure with fast mass and electron transfer.The enhanced confinement strategy endows the resin-derived atomic catalyst with a great prospect to develop for commercialization in future.展开更多
Nowadays,lithium-sulfur batteries have attracted numerous attention due to their high specific capacity,high energy density,low cost and environmental benignancy.However,there are some critical challenges to be overco...Nowadays,lithium-sulfur batteries have attracted numerous attention due to their high specific capacity,high energy density,low cost and environmental benignancy.However,there are some critical challenges to be overcome such as low electronic conductivity and capacity fading caused by shuttle effect.Many attempts have been conducted to improve the electrochemical performance by designing effective sulfur hosts.In this paper,we synthesize a concrete-like sulfur/carbon cathode with high sulfur content(84%)by using 3D macroporous hosts with high pore volume.Sophisticated strategies of using polarized carbon framework and polymer coating are applied to synergistically control the dissolution of polysulfides so that the capacity retention and high rate performance can be remarkably enhanced.As a result,the composite exhibits a specific discharge capacity of 820 mAhg-1at a discharge current of 800 mAg-1(approximate to 0.5 C)after 100 cycles,calculated on the integrated mass of composite,which is superior to most report results.展开更多
Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)provides a promising way to convert CO_(2)to chemicals.The multicarbon(C_(2+))products,especially ethylene,are of great interest due to their versatile indust...Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)provides a promising way to convert CO_(2)to chemicals.The multicarbon(C_(2+))products,especially ethylene,are of great interest due to their versatile industrial applications.However,selectively reducing CO_(2)to ethylene is still challenging as the additional energy required for the C–C coupling step results in large overpotential and many competing products.Nonetheless,mechanistic understanding of the key steps and preferred reaction pathways/conditions,as well as rational design of novel catalysts for ethylene production have been regarded as promising approaches to achieving the highly efficient and selective CO_(2)RR.In this review,we first illustrate the key steps for CO_(2)RR to ethylene(e.g.,CO_(2)adsorption/activation,formation of~*CO intermediate,C–C coupling step),offering mechanistic understanding of CO_(2)RR conversion to ethylene.Then the alternative reaction pathways and conditions for the formation of ethylene and competitive products(C_1 and other C_(2+)products)are investigated,guiding the further design and development of preferred conditions for ethylene generation.Engineering strategies of Cu-based catalysts for CO_(2)RR-ethylene are further summarized,and the correlations of reaction mechanism/pathways,engineering strategies and selectivity are elaborated.Finally,major challenges and perspectives in the research area of CO_(2)RR are proposed for future development and practical applications.展开更多
Rechargeable room-temperature sodium–sulfur(Na–S)and sodium–selenium(Na–Se)batteries are gaining extensive attention for potential large-scale energy storage applications owing to their low cost and high theoretic...Rechargeable room-temperature sodium–sulfur(Na–S)and sodium–selenium(Na–Se)batteries are gaining extensive attention for potential large-scale energy storage applications owing to their low cost and high theoretical energy density.Optimization of electrode materials and investigation of mechanisms are essential to achieve high energy density and long-term cycling stability of Na–S(Se)batteries.Herein,we provide a comprehensive review of the recent progress in Na–S(Se)batteries.We elucidate the Na storage mechanisms and improvement strategies for battery performance.In particular,we discuss the advances in the development of battery components,including high-performance sulfur cathodes,optimized electrolytes,advanced Na metal anodes and modified separators.Combined with current research achievements,this review outlines remaining challenges and clear research directions for the future development of practical high-performance Na–S(Se)batteries.展开更多
Sodium metal is one of the ideal anodes for high-performance rechargeable batteries because of its high specific capacity(~1166 mAh·g^(-1)),low reduction potential(-2.71 V compared to standard hydrogen electrodes...Sodium metal is one of the ideal anodes for high-performance rechargeable batteries because of its high specific capacity(~1166 mAh·g^(-1)),low reduction potential(-2.71 V compared to standard hydrogen electrodes),and low cost.However,the unstable solid electrolyte interphase,uncontrolled dendrite growth,and inevitable volume expansion hinder the practical application of sodium metal anodes.At present,many strategies have been developed to achieve stable sodium metal anodes.Here,we systematically summarize the latest strategies adopted in interface engineering,current collector design,and the emerging methods to improve the reaction kinetics of sodium deposition processes.First,the strategies of constructing protective layers are reviewed,including inorganic,organic,and mixed protective layers through electrolyte additives or pretreatments.Then,the classification of metal-based,carbon-based,and composite porous frames is discussed,including their function in reducing local deposition current density and the effect of introducing sodiophilic sites.Third,the recent progress of alloys,nanoparticles,and single atoms in improving Na deposition kinetics is systematically reviewed.Finally,the future research direction and the prospect of high-performance sodium metal batteries are proposed.展开更多
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFD0900900)Science and Technology Planning Project of Zhoushan of China(2022C41001)Zhejiang Ocean University(11135091221)。
文摘Low-value,renewable,carbon-rich resources,with different biomass feedstocks and their derivatives as typical examples,represent virtually inexhaustive carbon sources and carbon-related energy on Earth.Upon conversion to higher-value forms(referred to as“up-carbonization”here),these abundant feedstocks provide viable opportunities for energy-rich fuels and sustainable platform chemicals production.However,many of the current methods for such up-carbonization still lack sufficient energy,cost,and material efficiency,which affect their economics and carbon-emissions footprint.With external electricity precisely delivered,discharge plasmas enable many stubborn reactions to occur under mild conditions,by creating locally intensified and highly reactive environments.This technology emerges as a novel,versatile technology platform for integrated or stand-alone conversion of carbon-rich resources.The plasma-based processes are compatible for integration with increasingly abundant and cost-effective renewable electricity,making the whole conversion carbon-neutral and further paving the plasma-electrified upcarbonization to be performance-,environment-,and economics-viable.Despite the chief interest in this emerging area,no review article brings together the state-of-the-art results from diverse disciplines and underlies basic mechanisms and chemistry underpinned.As such,this review aims to fill this gap and provide basic guidelines for future research and transformation,by providing an overview of the application of plasma techniques for carbon-rich resource conversion,with particular focus on the perspective of discharge plasmas,the fundamentals of why plasmas are particularly suited for upcarbonization,and featured examples of plasma-enabled resource valorization.With parallels drawn and specificity highlighted,we also discuss the technique shortcomings,current challenges,and research needs for future work.
基金support from the “Joint International Laboratory on Environmental and Energy Frontier Materials”“Innovation Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai”support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22209103)
文摘Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries are supposed to be one of the most potential next-generation batteries owing to their high theoretical capacity and low cost.Nevertheless,the shuttle effect of firm multi-step two-electron reaction between sulfur and lithium in liquid electrolyte makes the capacity much smaller than the theoretical value.Many methods were proposed for inhibiting the shuttle effect of polysulfide,improving corresponding redox kinetics and enhancing the integral performance of Li–S batteries.Here,we will comprehensively and systematically summarize the strategies for inhibiting the shuttle effect from all components of Li–S batteries.First,the electrochemical principles/mechanism and origin of the shuttle effect are described in detail.Moreover,the efficient strategies,including boosting the sulfur conversion rate of sulfur,confining sulfur or lithium polysulfides(LPS)within cathode host,confining LPS in the shield layer,and preventing LPS from contacting the anode,will be discussed to suppress the shuttle effect.Then,recent advances in inhibition of shuttle effect in cathode,electrolyte,separator,and anode with the aforementioned strategies have been summarized to direct the further design of efficient materials for Li–S batteries.Finally,we present prospects for inhibition of the LPS shuttle and potential development directions in Li–S batteries.
基金Australian Research Council,Grant/Award Numbers:DP200101249,DP210101389,IH180100020Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,Grant/Award Number:BK20210821National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:22102141。
文摘Compared with the extensively used ester‐based electrolyte,the hard carbon(HC)electrode is more compatible with the ether‐based counterpart in sodium‐ion batteries,which can lead to improved cycling stability and robust rate capability.However,the impact of salt anion on the electrochemical performance of HC electrodes has yet to be fully understood.In this study,the anionic chemistry in regulating the stability of electrolytes and the performance of sodium‐ion batteries have been systematically investigated.This work shows discrepancies in the reductive stability of the anionic group,redox kinetics,and component/structure of solid electrolyte interface(SEI)with different salts(NaBF_(4),NaPF_(6),and NaSO_(3)CF_(3))in the typical ether solvent(diglyme).Particularly,the density functional theory calculation manifests the preferred decomposition of PF_(6)−due to the reduced reductive stability of anions in the solvation structure,thus leading to the formation of NaF‐rich SEI.Further investigation on redox kinetics reveals that the NaPF_(6)/diglyme can induce the fast ionic diffusion dynamic and low charge transfer barrier for HC electrode,thus resulting in superior sodium storage performance in terms of rate capability and cycling life,which outperforms those of NaBF_(4)/diglyme and NaSO_(3)CF_(3)/diglyme.Importantly,this work offers valuable insights for optimizing the electrochemical behaviors of electrode materials by regulating the anionic group in the electrolyte.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:52177162the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,Grant/Award Numbers:LZ22E070003,LQ22E020006+1 种基金the Funding Project for Academic/Technical Leaders of Jiangxi Province,Grant/Award Number:20225BCJ22003the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,Grant/Award Number:20212ACB211001。
文摘Engineering high‐performance and low‐cost bifunctional catalysts for H_(2)(hydrogen evolution reaction[HER])and O_(2)(oxygen evolution reaction[OER])evolution under industrial electrocatalytic conditions remains challenging.Here,for the first time,we use the stronger electronegativity of a rare‐Earth yttrium ion(Y^(3+))to induce in situ NiCo‐layered double‐hydroxide nanosheets from NiCo foam(NCF)treated by a dielectric barrier discharge plasma NCF(PNCF),and then obtain nitrogen‐doped YNiCo phosphide(N‐YNiCoP/PNCF)after the phosphating process using radiofrequency plasma in nitrogen.The obtained NYNiCoP/PNCF has a large specific surface area,rich heterointerfaces,and an optimized electronic structure,inducing high electrocatalytic activity in HER(331mV vs.2000mA cm^(−2))and OER(464mV vs.2000mA cm^(−2))reactions in 1MKOH electrolyte.X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory quantum chemistry calculations reveal that the coordination number of CoNi decreased with the incorporation of Y atoms,which induce much shorter bonds of Ni and Co ions and promote long‐term stability of N‐YNiCoP in HER and OER under the simulated industrial conditions.Meanwhile,the CoN‐YP_(5) heterointerface formed by plasma N‐doping is the active center for overall water splitting.This work expands the applications of rare‐Earth elements in engineering bifunctional electrocatalysts and provides a new avenue for designing highperformance transition‐metal‐based catalysts in the renewable energy field.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council(ARC)through the Discovery Project(DP180102297)the Future Fellow Project(FT180100705)+2 种基金the support from the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steelthe Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy,Shanghai University(SKLASS 2021-**)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.19DZ2270200,20511107700)。
文摘Electrocatalysis for the oxygen evolution reactions(OER)has attracted much attention due to its important role in water splitting and rechargeable metal-air batteries.Therefore,designing highly efficient and low-cost catalysts for OER process is essential as the conventional catalysts still rely on precious metals.Transition metal-based compounds have been widely investigated as active OER catalysts,and renewed interest in the high valence metals engineered compounds has been achieved for superior catalytic activity and stability.However,an in-depth understanding of the construction strategies and induced effects for the high valence metals engineered catalysts is still lacking and desired.In this review,we have summarized the construction strategies of high valence metals as dopants or formed heterostructures with the iron/cobalt/nickel(Fe/Co/Ni)-based catalysts.Then the induced effects on Fe/Co/Ni-based catalysts by incorporating high valence metals,e.g.,accelerating the surface reconstruction,forming amorphous structure,generating vacancies/defects,and acting as stabilizers,are highlighted.The impacts of high valence metals on OER performance are elucidated based on different elements,including molybdenum(Mo),tungsten(W),cerium(Ce),vanadium(V),chromium(Cr),manganese(Mn),niobium(Nb),zirconium(Zr).The correlations of construction strategies,induced effects,catalytic activity and OER reaction pathways are elaborated.Finally,the remaining challenges for further enhancements of OER performance induced by high valence metals are presented.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China (22005250)National Key R D Program of China (2022YFB2502000)FWO (12ZV320N)。
文摘The electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER) are fundamental processes in a range of energy conversion devices such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries. ORR and OER both have significant activation barriers, which severely limit the overall performance of energy conversion devices that utilize ORR/OER. Meanwhile, ORR is another very important electrochemical reaction involving oxygen that has been widely investigated. ORR occurs in aqueous solutions via two pathways: the direct 4-electron reduction or 2-electron reduction pathways from O_(2) to water(H_2O) or from O_(2) to hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_(2)). Noble metal electrocatalysts are often used to catalyze OER and ORR, despite the fact that noble metal electrocatalysts have certain intrinsic limitations, such as low storage. Thus, it is urgent to develop more active and stable low-cost electrocatalysts, especially for severe environments(e.g., acidic media). Theoretically, an ideal oxygen electrocatalyst should provide adequate binding to oxygen species. Transition metals not belonging to the platinum group metal-based oxides are a low-cost substance that could give a d orbital for oxygen species binding. As a result, transition metal oxides are regarded as a substitute for typical precious metal oxygen electrocatalysts. However, the development of oxide catalysts for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions still faces significant challenges, e.g., catalytic activity, stability, cost, and reaction mechanism. We discuss the fundamental principles underlying the design of oxide catalysts, including the influence of crystal structure, and electronic structure on their performance. We also discuss the challenges associated with developing oxide catalysts and the potential strategies to overcome these challenges.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(G.No.22102141).
文摘Heterostructure engineering combined with carbonaceous materials shows great promise toward promoting sluggish kinetics,improving electronic conductivity,and mitigating the huge expansion of transition metal sulfide electrodes for high-performance sodium storage.Herein,the iron sulfide-based heterostructures in situ hybridized with nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes(Fe_(7)S_(8)/FeS_(2)/NCNT)have been prepared through a successive pyrolysis and sulfidation approach.The Fe_(7)S_(8)/FeS_(2)/NCNT heterostructure delivered a high reversible capacity of 403.2 mAh g^(−1) up to 100 cycles at 1.0 A g^(−1) and superior rate capability(273.4 mAh g^(−1) at 20.0 A g^(−1))in ester-based electrolyte.Meanwhile,the electrodes also demonstrated long-term cycling stability(466.7 mAh g^(−1) after 1,000 cycles at 5.0 A g^(−1))and outstanding rate capability(536.5 mAh g^(−1) at 20.0 A g^(−1))in ether-based electrolyte.This outstanding performance could be mainly attributed to the fast sodium-ion diffusion kinetics,high capacitive contribution,and convenient interfacial dynamics in ether-based electrolyte.
基金financial support from the Australian Research Council(ARC)through the ARC Discovery projects(DP200101249,DP210101389,DP230101579)ARC Future Fel owship(FT220100561)+1 种基金ARC Linkage project(LP200200926)ARC Industry Transformation Research Hub(IH180100020)
文摘Zinc(Zn)metal anodes have enticed substantial curiosity for large-scale energy storage owing to inherent safety,high specific and volumetric energy capacities of Zn metal anodes.However,the aqueous electrolyte traditionally employed in Zn batteries suffers severe decomposition due to the narrow voltage stability window.Herein,we introduce N-methylformamide(NMF)as an organic solvent and modulate the solvation structure to obtain a stable organic/aqueous hybrid electrolyte for high-voltage Zn batteries.NMF is not only extremely stable against Zn metal anodes but also reduces the free water molecule availability by creating numerous hydrogen bonds,thereby accommodating high-voltage Zn‖LiMn_(2)O_(4)batteries.The introduction of NMF prevented hydrogen evolution reaction and promoted the creation of an Frich solid electrolyte interphase,which in turn hampered dendrite growth on Zn anodes.The Zn‖LiMn_(2)O_(4)full cells delivered a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.7%over 400 cycles.
基金financially supported by the Australian Research Council(ARC) through the Future Fellowship(FT180100705)the financial support from China Scholarship Council+3 种基金the support from UTS-HUST Key Technology Partner Seed Fundthe support from Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel,the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy,Shanghai University(SKLASS 2021-04)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(22010500400)“Joint International Laboratory on Environmental and Energy Frontier Materials”and“Innovation Research Team of High–Level Local Universities in Shanghai”in Shanghai University。
文摘The widespread interest in layered P2-type Mn-based cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)stems from their cost-effectiveness and abundant resources.However,the inferior cycle stability and mediocre rate performance impede their further development in practical applications.Herein,we devised a wet chemical precipitation method to deposit an amorphous aluminum phosphate(AlPO_(4),denoted as AP)protective layer onto the surface of P2-type Na_(0.55)Ni_(0.1)Co_(0.7)Mn_(0.8)O_(2)(NCM@AP).The resulting NCM@5AP electrode,with a 5 wt%coating,exhibits extended cycle life(capacity retention of78.4%after 200 cycles at 100 mA g^(-1))and superior rate performance(98 mA h g^(-1)at 500 mA g^(-1))compared to pristine NCM.Moreover,our investigation provides comprehensive insights into the phase stability and active Na^(+)ion kinetics in the NCM@5AP composite electrode,shedding light on the underlying mechanisms responsible for the enhanced performance observed in the coated electrode.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52002149)Shenzhen Technical Plan Projects(Nos.JC201105201100A and JCYJ20160301154114273)for financial support.
文摘Aqueous Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors(ZHSs)are increasingly being studied as a novel electrochemical energy storage system with prominent electrochemical performance,high safety and low cost.Herein,high-energy and anti-self-discharge ZHSs are realized based on the fibrous carbon cathodes with hierarchically porous surface and O/N heteroatom functional groups.Hierarchically porous surface of the fabricated free-standing fibrous carbon cathodes not only provides abundant active sites for divalent ion storage,but also optimizes ion transport kinetics.Consequently,the cathodes show a high gravimetric capacity of 156 mAh g^(−1),superior rate capability(79 mAh g^(−1)with a very short charge/discharge time of 14 s)and exceptional cycling stability.Meanwhile,hierarchical pore structure and suitable surface functional groups of the cathodes endow ZHSs with a high energy density of 127 Wh kg−1,a high power density of 15.3 kW kg^(−1)and good anti-self-discharge performance.Mechanism investigation reveals that ZHS electrochemistry involves cation adsorption/desorption and Zn_(4)SO_(4)(OH)_(6)·5H_(2)O formation/dissolution at low voltage and anion adsorption/desorption at high voltage on carbon cathodes.The roles of these reactions in energy storage of ZHSs are elucidated.This work not only paves a way for high-performance cathode materials of ZHSs,but also provides a deeper understanding of ZHS electrochemistry.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2018JL021,ZR2014EMQ011)the Applied Basic Research Foundation of Qingdao City(17-1-1-84-jch)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51402160)supported by Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province,China,and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Applied Physics Education(Qingdao University)support from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(2018M630747)and Qingdao Postdoctoral Applied Research Project.
文摘Metallic Sn has provoked tremendous progress as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).However,Sn anodes suffer from a dramatic capacity fading,owing to pulverization induced by drastic volume expansion during cycling.Herein,a flexible three-dimensional(3D)hierarchical conductive network electrode is designed by constructing Sn quantum dots(QDs)encapsulated in one-dimensional N,S codoped carbon nanofibers(NS-CNFs)sheathed within two-dimensional(2D)reduced graphene oxide(rGO)scrolls.In this ingenious strategy,1D NS-CNFs are regarded as building blocks to prevent the aggregation and pulverization of Sn QDs during sodiation/desodiation,2D rGO acts as electrical roads and“bridges”among NS-CNFs to improve the conductivity of the electrode and enlarge the contact area with electrolyte.Because of the unique structural merits,the flexible 3D hierarchical conductive network was directly used as binder-and current collectorfree anode for SIBs,exhibiting ultra-long cycling life(373 mAh g?1 after 5000 cycles at 1 A g?1),and excellent high-rate capability(189 mAh g?1 at 10 A g?1).This work provides a facile and efficient engineering method to construct 3D hierarchical conductive electrodes for other flexible energy storage devices.
基金financial support by the Australian Research Council(ARC)Discovery Project(DP200101249)。
文摘Lithium-rich oxide compounds have been recognized as promising cathode materials for high performance Li-ion batteries,owing to their high specific capacity.However,it remains a great challenge to achieve the fully reversible anionic redox reactions to realize high capacity,high stability,and low voltage hysteresis for lithiumrich cathode materials.Therefore,it is critically important to comprehensively understand and control the anionic redox chemistry of lithium-rich cathode materials,including atomic structure design,and nano-scale materials engineering technologies.Herein,we summarize the recent research progress of lithium-rich cathode materials with a focus on redox chemistry.Particularly,we highlight the oxygen-based redox reactions in lithium-rich metal oxides,with critical views of designing next generation oxygen redox lithium cathode materials.Furthermore,we purposed the most promising strategies for improving the performances of lithium-rich cathode materials with a technology-spectrum from the atomic scale to nano-scale.
基金financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52002149)the Shenzhen Technical Plan Project (JCYJ20160301154114273)Australian Research Council through the ARC Discovery projects (DP16010^(4)340 and DP170100436)。
文摘Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs) have become a research hotspot in recent years,due to their huge potential for high-energy,fast-rate,safe and low-cost energy storage.To realize good electrochemical properties of ZIBs,cathode materials with prominent Zn^(2+) storage capability are highly needed.Herein,we report a promising ZIB cathode material based on electrochemically induced transformation of vanadium oxides.Specifically,K_(2) V_6 O_(16)·1.5 H_(2) O nanofibers were synthesized through a simple stirring method at near room temperature and then used as cathode materials for ZIBs in different electrolytes.The cathode presented superior Zn^(2+) storage capability in Zn(OTf)_(2) aqueous electrolyte,including high capacity of 321 mAh/g,fast charge/discharge ability(96 mAh/g delivered in 35 s), high energy density of 235 Wh/kg and good cycling performance.Mechanism analysis evidenced that in Zn(OTf)_(2) electrolyte,Zn^(2+) intercalation in the first discharge process promoted K_(2) V_6 O_(16)·1.5 H_(2) O nanofibers to transform into Zn_(3+x)V_(2) O_7(OH)_(2)·2 H_(2) O nanoflakes,and the latter served as the Zn^(2+)-storage host in subsequent charge/discharge processes.Benefiting from open-framework crystal structure and sufficiently exposed surface,the Zn_(3+x)V_(2) O_7(OH)_(2)·2_H2 O nanoflakes exhibited high Zn^(2+) diffusion coefficient,smaller charge-transfer resistance and good reversibility of Zn^(2+) intercalation/de-intercalation,thus leading to superior electrochemical performance.While in ZnS04 aqueous electrolyte,the cathode material cannot sufficiently transform into Zn_(3+x)V_(2) O_7(OH)_(2)·2 H_(2) O thereby corresponding to inferior electrochemical behaviors.Underlying mechanism and influencing factors of such a transformation phenomenon was also explored.This work not only reports a high-performance ZIB cathode material based on electrochemically induced transformation of vanadium oxides,but also provides new insights into Zn^(2+)-storage electrochemistry.
基金support from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project (2019M661464)the supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC) through the Discovery Project (DP180102297)+1 种基金the Future Fellow Project (FT180100705)the ARC Research Hub for Integrated Energy Storage Solutions (IH180100020)。
文摘Aqueous rechargeable batteries have attracted enormous attention owning to their intrinsic characteristics of non-flammability, low cost, and the superior ionic conductivity of the aqueous electrolyte.However, the narrow electrochemical stability window(1.23 V), imposed by hydrogen and oxygen evolution, constrains the overall energy density of batteries. The revolutionary "water-in-salt” electrolytes considerably expand the electrochemical stability window to 3 or even 4 volts, giving rise to a new series of high-voltage aqueous metal-ion chemistries. Herein, the recent advances in "water-in-salt” electrolytes for aqueous monovalent-ion(Li^(+), Na^(+), K^(+)) rechargeable batteries have been systematically reviewed. Meanwhile, the corresponding reaction mechanisms, electrochemical performances and the existing challenges and opportunities are also highlighted.
基金the support of Chinese Government 1000 young talent planthe support of Curtin Strategic International Research Scholarship+8 种基金Curtin University Mobility ScholarshipChinese Government Award for Outstanding Self-Financed Students Abroadthe support from ATN Seed fundARC Future Fellowship (FT180100705)Discovery Project (DP180102297)the facilities, scientific and technical assistance of the Curtin University Electron Microscope Laboratories, a facility partially funded by the University, State and Commonwealth GovernmentsThe use of equipment, scientific and technical assistance of the WA X-Ray Surface Analysis Facility, funded by the Australian Research Council LIEF grant LE120100026the facilities, and the scientific and technical assistance of the Australian Microscopy & Microanalysis Research Facility at the Centre for Microscopy, Characterization & Analysis (CMCA), the University of Western Australia (UWA), a facility funded by the University, State and Commonwealth Governmentsthe support from the Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT12100178)
文摘Non-precious metal nitrogen-doped carbonaceous materials have attracted tremendous attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage and conversion.Herein,we report the designed synthesis of a novel series of Co-N-C nanocomposites and their evaluation of electrochemical properties.Novel yolkshell structured Co nanoparticles@polymer materials are fabricated from the facile coating polymer strategy on the surface of ZIF-67.After calcination in nitrogen atmosphere,the Co–N–C nanocomposites in which cobalt metal nanoparticles are embedded in the highly porous and graphitic carbon matrix are successfully achieved.The cobalt nanoparticles containing cobalt metal crystallites with an oxidized shell and/or smaller(or amorphous)cobalt-oxide deposits appear on the surface of graphitic carbons.The prepared Co–N–C nanoparticles showed favorable electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reactions,which is attributed to its high graphitic degree,large surface area and the large amount existence of Co–N active sites.
基金financially supported by the Hebei Province Natural Science Foundation Innovation Group Project(B2021203016)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51674221 and 51704261)+1 种基金the Provincial Graduate Innovation Assistant Project of Yanshan University(023000309)partially supported by the ARC Future Fellowship(FT180100705)of Australia。
文摘Due to larger atom utilization,unique electronic properties and unsaturated coordination,atomically dispersed non-precious metal catalysts with outstanding performances have received great attention in electrocatalysis.Considering the challenge of serious aggregation,rational synthesis of an atomic catalyst with good dispersion of atoms is paramount to the development of these catalysts.Herein,we report an enhanced confinement strategy to synthesize a catalyst comprised of atomically dispersed Fe supported on porous nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon from the novel and more cross-linkable Melamine-Glyoxal Resin.Densified isolated grid trapping,excessive melamine restricting,and nitrogen anchoring are strongly combined to ensure the final atomic-level dispersion of metal atoms.Experimental studies revealed enhanced kinetics of the obtained catalyst towards oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).This catalytic activity originates from the highly active surface with atomically dispersed iron sites as well as the multi-level three-dimensional structure with fast mass and electron transfer.The enhanced confinement strategy endows the resin-derived atomic catalyst with a great prospect to develop for commercialization in future.
基金financially supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC) through the ARC Discovery project (DP180102297)Future Fellowship (FT180100705)+1 种基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 51572166)support from Shanghai Science & Technology Committee (15520720600).
文摘Nowadays,lithium-sulfur batteries have attracted numerous attention due to their high specific capacity,high energy density,low cost and environmental benignancy.However,there are some critical challenges to be overcome such as low electronic conductivity and capacity fading caused by shuttle effect.Many attempts have been conducted to improve the electrochemical performance by designing effective sulfur hosts.In this paper,we synthesize a concrete-like sulfur/carbon cathode with high sulfur content(84%)by using 3D macroporous hosts with high pore volume.Sophisticated strategies of using polarized carbon framework and polymer coating are applied to synergistically control the dissolution of polysulfides so that the capacity retention and high rate performance can be remarkably enhanced.As a result,the composite exhibits a specific discharge capacity of 820 mAhg-1at a discharge current of 800 mAg-1(approximate to 0.5 C)after 100 cycles,calculated on the integrated mass of composite,which is superior to most report results.
基金financially supported via Australian Research Council(FT180100705)the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209103)+3 种基金the support from UTS Chancellor's Research Fellowshipsthe support from Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel,the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy,Shanghai University(SKLASS 2021-**)Joint International Laboratory on Environmental and Energy Frontier MaterialsInnovation Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai。
文摘Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)provides a promising way to convert CO_(2)to chemicals.The multicarbon(C_(2+))products,especially ethylene,are of great interest due to their versatile industrial applications.However,selectively reducing CO_(2)to ethylene is still challenging as the additional energy required for the C–C coupling step results in large overpotential and many competing products.Nonetheless,mechanistic understanding of the key steps and preferred reaction pathways/conditions,as well as rational design of novel catalysts for ethylene production have been regarded as promising approaches to achieving the highly efficient and selective CO_(2)RR.In this review,we first illustrate the key steps for CO_(2)RR to ethylene(e.g.,CO_(2)adsorption/activation,formation of~*CO intermediate,C–C coupling step),offering mechanistic understanding of CO_(2)RR conversion to ethylene.Then the alternative reaction pathways and conditions for the formation of ethylene and competitive products(C_1 and other C_(2+)products)are investigated,guiding the further design and development of preferred conditions for ethylene generation.Engineering strategies of Cu-based catalysts for CO_(2)RR-ethylene are further summarized,and the correlations of reaction mechanism/pathways,engineering strategies and selectivity are elaborated.Finally,major challenges and perspectives in the research area of CO_(2)RR are proposed for future development and practical applications.
基金financial support from the Australian Research Council(ARC)through the ARC Discovery projects(DP200101249,DP210101389)the ARC Research Hub for Integrated Energy Storage Solutions(IH180100020).
文摘Rechargeable room-temperature sodium–sulfur(Na–S)and sodium–selenium(Na–Se)batteries are gaining extensive attention for potential large-scale energy storage applications owing to their low cost and high theoretical energy density.Optimization of electrode materials and investigation of mechanisms are essential to achieve high energy density and long-term cycling stability of Na–S(Se)batteries.Herein,we provide a comprehensive review of the recent progress in Na–S(Se)batteries.We elucidate the Na storage mechanisms and improvement strategies for battery performance.In particular,we discuss the advances in the development of battery components,including high-performance sulfur cathodes,optimized electrolytes,advanced Na metal anodes and modified separators.Combined with current research achievements,this review outlines remaining challenges and clear research directions for the future development of practical high-performance Na–S(Se)batteries.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52002358)high-level talent internationalization training project of Henan province,and scientific and technological activities of Henan Province for scholars with overseas study experience(No.002004025)+1 种基金G.X.W.and B.S.would like to thank the support of the Australian Research Council(ARC)through the ARC Discovery Project(No.DP210101389)ARC Future Fellowship(No.FT220100561).
文摘Sodium metal is one of the ideal anodes for high-performance rechargeable batteries because of its high specific capacity(~1166 mAh·g^(-1)),low reduction potential(-2.71 V compared to standard hydrogen electrodes),and low cost.However,the unstable solid electrolyte interphase,uncontrolled dendrite growth,and inevitable volume expansion hinder the practical application of sodium metal anodes.At present,many strategies have been developed to achieve stable sodium metal anodes.Here,we systematically summarize the latest strategies adopted in interface engineering,current collector design,and the emerging methods to improve the reaction kinetics of sodium deposition processes.First,the strategies of constructing protective layers are reviewed,including inorganic,organic,and mixed protective layers through electrolyte additives or pretreatments.Then,the classification of metal-based,carbon-based,and composite porous frames is discussed,including their function in reducing local deposition current density and the effect of introducing sodiophilic sites.Third,the recent progress of alloys,nanoparticles,and single atoms in improving Na deposition kinetics is systematically reviewed.Finally,the future research direction and the prospect of high-performance sodium metal batteries are proposed.
