Gray cast irons were inoculated with FeSi75＋RE and FeSi75＋Sr inoculants. The changes of apex angle of the drills before and after being used were used to evaluate machinability of gray cast irons. Effect of FeSi75＋...Gray cast irons were inoculated with FeSi75＋RE and FeSi75＋Sr inoculants. The changes of apex angle of the drills before and after being used were used to evaluate machinability of gray cast irons. Effect of FeSi75＋RE and FeSi75＋Sr inoculants on mechanical properties, machinability and sensibility of gray cast iron used in cylinder block were investigated. Experimental results showed that gray cast iron treated with 60%FeSi75＋40% RE inoculants exhibited tensile strength consistently at about 295 MPa along with good hardness and improved metallurgical quality. While gray cast iron inoculated with 20%FeSi75＋80% Sr inoculants exhibited the best machinability, the lowest cross-section sensibility and the least microhardness difference. The tool flank wear of the drill increased correspondingly with the increase of the microhardness difference of the matrix, indicating the great effect of homogeneity of the matrix on the machinability of gray cast iron.展开更多
Effect of several complex inoculants on mechanical properties, process-ability and sensibility of grey cast iron used in cylinder block were investigated. The experimental results showed that the grey cast iron treate...Effect of several complex inoculants on mechanical properties, process-ability and sensibility of grey cast iron used in cylinder block were investigated. The experimental results showed that the grey cast iron treated with 60%FeSi75+40%RE complex inoculants has tensile strength consistently at about 295 MPa along with good hardness and improved metallurgy quality. While the grey cast iron inoculated with 20%FeSi75+80%Sr compound inoculants has the best process-ability, the lowest cross-section sensibility and the least microhardness difference. The wear amount of the drill increases correspondingly with the increase of the microhardness difference of matrix structure, indicating the great effect of homogeneousness of matrix structure in the grey cast iron on the machinability of the grey cast iron.展开更多
Effect of nitrogen content on the microstructure and erosion-corrosion (E-C) behavior of stainless steel (containing about 25% Cr, 5%-6% Ni, and 1%-2% Mo) was investigated by using optical microscope(OM), potentiodyna...Effect of nitrogen content on the microstructure and erosion-corrosion (E-C) behavior of stainless steel (containing about 25% Cr, 5%-6% Ni, and 1%-2% Mo) was investigated by using optical microscope(OM), potentiodynamic polarization curve and immersion method, a self-made rotating disk apparatus and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and so on. The results show that with the increase of nitrogen content from 0 (no adding) to 0.485 wt.%, the Cr(eq)/Ni(eq) ratio of the tested materials decreases from 4.14 to 1.23 and the ferrite volume percentage of the steel tested linearly decreases approximately from 90% to 10%. The effect of nitrogen content on polarization behavior of the studied steel was not significant. All the passive current densities (I(p)) and pure corrosion rates (V(c)) of the different N content specimens in the acidic solution (slurry containing 0.1 M H(2)SO(4)+0.06% Cl(-)+0.4% F(-), the simplified zinc hydrometallurgy slurry) are too low and nearly negligible. Whereas the pure erosion rates (V(e)) of the four scenarios of the steels tested (N content, wt.%: N1, no adding; N2, 0.143%; N3, 0.289%; N4, 0485%, respectively) are much higher than their V(c) values. The V(e) values of the tested steels are in the order of N4 > N1 > N3 > N2, at the same time, the total weight loss rates (V(t)) follow the order of N4 > N1 > N3 > N2, too. N2 steel consisting of approximately equal volume fractions of ferrite (alpha) and austenite (gamma) exhibits the most excellent E-C resistance and erosion resistance, while the stainless steels possessing the big difference between alpha phase and gamma phase, such as N1 steel nearly possessing single ferrite or N4 steel nearly possessing single austenite, show poorer E-C resistance and erosion resistance.展开更多
The functional range of actiyator of diesel engine used in bulldozer was limited when the load of bulldozer was heavy, inconstancy and in the condition of fine working. For this reason the engine rotary speed controll...The functional range of actiyator of diesel engine used in bulldozer was limited when the load of bulldozer was heavy, inconstancy and in the condition of fine working. For this reason the engine rotary speed controlling system consisted of digital controller and proportional actuator was applied; to meet the needs of high controlling precision requirement the online system identification for the engine rotary speed controlling system was carry out;Based on the result of system identification the control parameter PID was optimized. Test study proved that this engine speed controlling method have an excellent speed controlling performance.展开更多
Due to the complex and changeable environment under water,the performance of traditional DOA estimation algorithms based on mathematical model,such as MUSIC,ESPRIT,etc.,degrades greatly or even some mistakes can be ma...Due to the complex and changeable environment under water,the performance of traditional DOA estimation algorithms based on mathematical model,such as MUSIC,ESPRIT,etc.,degrades greatly or even some mistakes can be made because of the mismatch between algorithm model and actual environment model.In addition,the neural network has the ability of generalization and mapping,it can consider the noise,transmission channel inconsistency and other factors of the objective environment.Therefore,this paper utilizes Back Propagation(BP)neural network as the basic framework of underwater DOA estimation.Furthermore,in order to improve the performance of DOA estimation of BP neural network,the following three improvements are proposed.(1)Aiming at the problem that the weight and threshold of traditional BP neural network converge slowly and easily fall into the local optimal value in the iterative process,PSO-BP-NN based on optimized particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm is proposed.(2)The Higher-order cumulant of the received signal is utilized to establish the training model.(3)A BP neural network training method for arbitrary number of sources is proposed.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is proved by comparing with the state-of-the-art algorithms and MUSIC algorithm.展开更多
The fracture of a camshaft made of chilled cast iron, installed in a home-made Fukang car, happened only after running over a distance of 6,200 km. The fractured camshaft was received to conduct a series of failure an...The fracture of a camshaft made of chilled cast iron, installed in a home-made Fukang car, happened only after running over a distance of 6,200 km. The fractured camshaft was received to conduct a series of failure analyses using visual inspection, SEM observation of fracture section, microstructure analysis, chemical composition analysis and hardness examination and so on, while those of CKD camshaft made by Citroen Company in France was also simultaneously analyzed to compare the difference between them. The results showed that the fracture of the camshaft mainly results from white section in macrostructure and Ledeburite in microstructure; the crack in the fractured camshaft should be recognized to initiate at the boundary of coarser needle-like carbide and matrix, and then propagate through the transverse section. At the same tide, the casting defects such as dendritic shrinkage, accumulated inclusion and initiated crack and abnormal external force might stimulate the fracture of camshaft as well. Based on failure analysis, some measures have been employed, and as a result, the fracture of home-made camshafts has been effectively prevented.展开更多
The dynamic contact characteristics of mechanical interface significantly impact the performance of machine tools.The static contact behaviors of mechanical interface have been studied.However,most mechanical interfac...The dynamic contact characteristics of mechanical interface significantly impact the performance of machine tools.The static contact behaviors of mechanical interface have been studied.However,most mechanical interfaces are exposed to dynamic load.It is necessary to study the dynamic contact characteristics of mechanical interface.A normal dynamic microcosmic contact model is built using the statistical method,and the interactional effects of adjacent asperities are considered.The influences of the normal preload,vibrational frequency and displacement amplitude on normal contact stiffness and damping of mechanical interface are revealed.The predicted contact stiffness and damping of mechanical interface are verified by a series of simulations and experiments.展开更多
基金supported by Program for Scientific and Technological Renovation Talents in University of Henan Province (2009HASTIT023)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50771042)
文摘Gray cast irons were inoculated with FeSi75＋RE and FeSi75＋Sr inoculants. The changes of apex angle of the drills before and after being used were used to evaluate machinability of gray cast irons. Effect of FeSi75＋RE and FeSi75＋Sr inoculants on mechanical properties, machinability and sensibility of gray cast iron used in cylinder block were investigated. Experimental results showed that gray cast iron treated with 60%FeSi75＋40% RE inoculants exhibited tensile strength consistently at about 295 MPa along with good hardness and improved metallurgical quality. While gray cast iron inoculated with 20%FeSi75＋80% Sr inoculants exhibited the best machinability, the lowest cross-section sensibility and the least microhardness difference. The tool flank wear of the drill increased correspondingly with the increase of the microhardness difference of the matrix, indicating the great effect of homogeneity of the matrix on the machinability of gray cast iron.
基金The paper is supported by the key Science and Technology Project of Henan Province(0424290064) the fund items of Henan Province Natural Science( 0411050100).
文摘Effect of several complex inoculants on mechanical properties, process-ability and sensibility of grey cast iron used in cylinder block were investigated. The experimental results showed that the grey cast iron treated with 60%FeSi75+40%RE complex inoculants has tensile strength consistently at about 295 MPa along with good hardness and improved metallurgy quality. While the grey cast iron inoculated with 20%FeSi75+80%Sr compound inoculants has the best process-ability, the lowest cross-section sensibility and the least microhardness difference. The wear amount of the drill increases correspondingly with the increase of the microhardness difference of matrix structure, indicating the great effect of homogeneousness of matrix structure in the grey cast iron on the machinability of the grey cast iron.
基金supported by the postdoctoral foundation for Yituo Group Co., Ltd., P. R. China (No.TKJ2008-27)the doctoral foundation for Henan Polytechnic University, Henan (No. B2006-17)
文摘Effect of nitrogen content on the microstructure and erosion-corrosion (E-C) behavior of stainless steel (containing about 25% Cr, 5%-6% Ni, and 1%-2% Mo) was investigated by using optical microscope(OM), potentiodynamic polarization curve and immersion method, a self-made rotating disk apparatus and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and so on. The results show that with the increase of nitrogen content from 0 (no adding) to 0.485 wt.%, the Cr(eq)/Ni(eq) ratio of the tested materials decreases from 4.14 to 1.23 and the ferrite volume percentage of the steel tested linearly decreases approximately from 90% to 10%. The effect of nitrogen content on polarization behavior of the studied steel was not significant. All the passive current densities (I(p)) and pure corrosion rates (V(c)) of the different N content specimens in the acidic solution (slurry containing 0.1 M H(2)SO(4)+0.06% Cl(-)+0.4% F(-), the simplified zinc hydrometallurgy slurry) are too low and nearly negligible. Whereas the pure erosion rates (V(e)) of the four scenarios of the steels tested (N content, wt.%: N1, no adding; N2, 0.143%; N3, 0.289%; N4, 0485%, respectively) are much higher than their V(c) values. The V(e) values of the tested steels are in the order of N4 > N1 > N3 > N2, at the same time, the total weight loss rates (V(t)) follow the order of N4 > N1 > N3 > N2, too. N2 steel consisting of approximately equal volume fractions of ferrite (alpha) and austenite (gamma) exhibits the most excellent E-C resistance and erosion resistance, while the stainless steels possessing the big difference between alpha phase and gamma phase, such as N1 steel nearly possessing single ferrite or N4 steel nearly possessing single austenite, show poorer E-C resistance and erosion resistance.
文摘The functional range of actiyator of diesel engine used in bulldozer was limited when the load of bulldozer was heavy, inconstancy and in the condition of fine working. For this reason the engine rotary speed controlling system consisted of digital controller and proportional actuator was applied; to meet the needs of high controlling precision requirement the online system identification for the engine rotary speed controlling system was carry out;Based on the result of system identification the control parameter PID was optimized. Test study proved that this engine speed controlling method have an excellent speed controlling performance.
基金Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant No.XDA28040000,XDA28120000Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,Grant No.ZR2021MF094+2 种基金Key R&D Plan of Shandong Province,Grant No.2020CXGC010804Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Special Fund Project,Grant No.YDZX2021122Science&Technology Specific Projects in Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Area of the Yellow River Delta,Grant No.2022SZX11。
文摘Due to the complex and changeable environment under water,the performance of traditional DOA estimation algorithms based on mathematical model,such as MUSIC,ESPRIT,etc.,degrades greatly or even some mistakes can be made because of the mismatch between algorithm model and actual environment model.In addition,the neural network has the ability of generalization and mapping,it can consider the noise,transmission channel inconsistency and other factors of the objective environment.Therefore,this paper utilizes Back Propagation(BP)neural network as the basic framework of underwater DOA estimation.Furthermore,in order to improve the performance of DOA estimation of BP neural network,the following three improvements are proposed.(1)Aiming at the problem that the weight and threshold of traditional BP neural network converge slowly and easily fall into the local optimal value in the iterative process,PSO-BP-NN based on optimized particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm is proposed.(2)The Higher-order cumulant of the received signal is utilized to establish the training model.(3)A BP neural network training method for arbitrary number of sources is proposed.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is proved by comparing with the state-of-the-art algorithms and MUSIC algorithm.
基金supported financially by the postdoctoral foundation from Yituo Group Co.,Ltd.,Chinathe doctoral foundation from Henan Polytechnic University,Henan,China.
文摘The fracture of a camshaft made of chilled cast iron, installed in a home-made Fukang car, happened only after running over a distance of 6,200 km. The fractured camshaft was received to conduct a series of failure analyses using visual inspection, SEM observation of fracture section, microstructure analysis, chemical composition analysis and hardness examination and so on, while those of CKD camshaft made by Citroen Company in France was also simultaneously analyzed to compare the difference between them. The results showed that the fracture of the camshaft mainly results from white section in macrostructure and Ledeburite in microstructure; the crack in the fractured camshaft should be recognized to initiate at the boundary of coarser needle-like carbide and matrix, and then propagate through the transverse section. At the same tide, the casting defects such as dendritic shrinkage, accumulated inclusion and initiated crack and abnormal external force might stimulate the fracture of camshaft as well. Based on failure analysis, some measures have been employed, and as a result, the fracture of home-made camshafts has been effectively prevented.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M663782)the Shaanxi Natural Science Basic Research Project(No.2020JQ-629)+2 种基金the Special scientific research project of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education(No.20JK0800)the Open project of State Key Laboratory of Power System of Tractor(AKT2020002)the project supported by scientific research program of Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education(13JS070).
文摘The dynamic contact characteristics of mechanical interface significantly impact the performance of machine tools.The static contact behaviors of mechanical interface have been studied.However,most mechanical interfaces are exposed to dynamic load.It is necessary to study the dynamic contact characteristics of mechanical interface.A normal dynamic microcosmic contact model is built using the statistical method,and the interactional effects of adjacent asperities are considered.The influences of the normal preload,vibrational frequency and displacement amplitude on normal contact stiffness and damping of mechanical interface are revealed.The predicted contact stiffness and damping of mechanical interface are verified by a series of simulations and experiments.
