Rice spikelet rot disease not only threatens rice yields but also poses risks to humans and animals due to the production of the category 2B carcinogen fumonisins by the pathogen Fusarium proliferatum.Nitrogen(N)metab...Rice spikelet rot disease not only threatens rice yields but also poses risks to humans and animals due to the production of the category 2B carcinogen fumonisins by the pathogen Fusarium proliferatum.Nitrogen(N)metabolism is known to have a significant influence on fungal growth and the synthesis of secondary metabolites.AreA is a global N regulatory gene belonging to the GATA transcription factor family.In this study,we observed that theΔAreA mutant exhibited a notable reduction in growth rate and conidium production.Pathogenicity experiments revealed thatΔAreA had almost lost its ability to infect rice spikelets.展开更多
Akebia trifoliata subsp.australis is a well-known medicinal and potential woody oil plant in China.The limited genetic information available for A.trifoliata subsp.australis has hindered its exploitation.Here,a high-q...Akebia trifoliata subsp.australis is a well-known medicinal and potential woody oil plant in China.The limited genetic information available for A.trifoliata subsp.australis has hindered its exploitation.Here,a high-quality chromosomelevel genome sequence of A.trifoliata subsp.australis is reported.The de novo genome assembly of 682.14 Mb was generated with a scaffold N50 of 43.11 Mb.The genome includes 25,598 protein-coding genes,and 71.18%(485.55 Mb)of the assembled sequences were identi fi ed as repetitive sequences.An ongoing massive burst of long terminal repeat(LTR)insertions,which occurred~1.0 million years ago,has contributed a large proportion of LTRs in the genome of A.trifoliata subsp.australis.Phylogenetic analysis shows that A.trifoliata subsp.australis is closely related to Aquilegia coerulea and forms a clade with Papaver somniferum and Nelumbo nucifera,which supports the well-established hypothesis of a close relationship between basal eudicot species.The expansion of UDP-glucoronosyl and UDP-glucosyl transferase gene families and fi-amyrin synthase-like genes and the exclusive contraction of terpene synthase gene families may be responsible for the abundant oleanane-type triterpenoids in A.trifoliata subsp.australis.Furthermore,the acyl-ACP desaturase gene family,including 12 stearoyl-acyl-carrier protein desaturase(SAD)genes,has expanded exclusively.A combined transcriptome and fatty-acid analysis of seeds at fi ve developmental stages revealed that homologs of SADs,acyl-lipid desaturase omega fatty acid desaturases(FADs),and oleosins were highly expressed,consistent with the rapid increase in the content of fatty acids,especially unsaturated fatty acids.The genomic sequences of A.trifoliata subsp.australis will be a valuable resource for comparative genomic analyses and molecular breeding.展开更多
The active compounds in herb drugs are mainly secondary metabolites, which are greatly influenced by external conditions. Particularly, light intensity has a great influence on the photosynthesis and accumulation of s...The active compounds in herb drugs are mainly secondary metabolites, which are greatly influenced by external conditions. Particularly, light intensity has a great influence on the photosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites. In this study, the light intensity was changed, and the influence of the light intensity on leaf photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activity and flavone contents of Lithocarpus litseifoliusp (Hance) Chun. was discussed. The results showed that (1) L. litseifolius is a typical heliophyte. As the light intensity decreased, the contents of chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b) and total chlorophyll (Chl a + b) all increased. However, the Chl a/b ratio gradually decreased. The daily variation of net photosynthetic rate changed from a double-peak curve under natural light to single-peak curve under 20% full light two shading nets. (2) As the light intensity decreased, the SOD and POD activities and the soluble proteins content decreased in the leaves. In contrast, the malondialdehyde content increased. (3) The flavone content was the highest in leaves at one shading nets 60% of full light, and the lowest occurred in leaves at two shading nets 20% of full light. A comprehensive analysis indicated that an appropriate shading could induce shade tolerance in the leaves of L. litseifolius, which promoted the accumulation of flavonoids. L. litseifolius should be planted in the lower position of sunny slope or the upper position of shady slope to increase the content of flavone in the leaves.展开更多
It is important to understand the research trends and hotspots of global soil nutrient migration and control. Based on the core collection of WOS (Web of Science), citespace knowledge map analysis tool was used to ana...It is important to understand the research trends and hotspots of global soil nutrient migration and control. Based on the core collection of WOS (Web of Science), citespace knowledge map analysis tool was used to analyze the number of publications, cooperation networks, disciplines, research hotspots and frontier trends on nutrient migration in soil. The results showed that: the number of publications on the study of soil nutrient migration showed a good growth from 1990 to 2021. 173 countries had cooperative relationships. The number of articles published in the United States and China was significantly higher than that in other countries, while Chinese Academy of Sciences was the institution with the largest number of publications. It was a comprehensive system that permeates with agriculture, environmental science, botany and other disciplines. The research of nutrient migration in soil mainly focused on the measures of microbial community in different land types to promote nutrient transformation, improve soil fertility and reduce nutrient loss. In the future, the research trends will be the management measures of soil nutrient loss, the relationship between the change of soil nutrient and plant community diversity, and the remediation of agricultural contaminated soil. Through the above analysis, there was an overall understanding of soil nutrient migration. The research on nutrient migration may continue to increase in the future. It is suggested that Chinese research institutions, teams and universities need to strengthen international cooperation, and speed up their integration with the international community.展开更多
Background:Melanoma is a deadly skin tumor resulting from the malignant transformation of melanocytes.It is highly malignant and invasive,with the highest mortality rate among skin cancers.Acalypha australis L.(AAL),a...Background:Melanoma is a deadly skin tumor resulting from the malignant transformation of melanocytes.It is highly malignant and invasive,with the highest mortality rate among skin cancers.Acalypha australis L.(AAL),a plant with dual medicinal and culinary purposes,is commonly regarded as an edible wild vegetable in southern China.Additionally,AAL has a long history of medicinal use in China,often employed for its hemostatic,anti-diarrheal,and anti-inflammatory properties.Modern pharmacology has demonstrated that AAL possesses functions such as weight loss,antimicrobial activity,antiviral effects,and treatment for ulcerative colitis.However,there is currently no research available regarding its effectiveness and mechanisms of action on melanoma.Methods:In this investigation,we used methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay to detect cell viability,transwell assay to detect cell migration and invasion ability,and Western blot assay to detect relevant signaling pathways.Results:The present study reveals that 2 mg/mL AAL effectively suppresses the metastasis of B16 cells,while simultaneously triggering the expression of key apoptosis-related proteins,including Bcl-2,Bax,and cleaved caspased 3.Subsequent investigations demonstrate that AAL exerts this inhibitory effect via the PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway,as evidenced by the observed deficits in Ras,AKT,p-AKT,and PI3K expression levels.Conclusion:These findings indicated that AAL could be a valuable therapeutic option for reducing the metastatic potential of B16 melanoma cells.展开更多
Litsea,a non-monophyletic group of the tribe Laureae(Lauraceae),plays important roles in the tropical and subtropical forests of Asia,Australia,Central and North America,and the islands of the Pacific.However,intergen...Litsea,a non-monophyletic group of the tribe Laureae(Lauraceae),plays important roles in the tropical and subtropical forests of Asia,Australia,Central and North America,and the islands of the Pacific.However,intergeneric relationships between Litsea and Laurus,Lindera,Parasassafras and Sinosassafras of the tribe Laureae remain unresolved.In this study,we present phylogenetic analyses of seven newly sequenced Litsea plastomes,together with 47 Laureae plastomes obtained from public databases,representing six genera of the Laureae.Our results highlight two highly supported monophyletic groups of Litsea taxa.One is composed of 16 Litsea taxa and two Lindera taxa.The 18 plastomes of these taxa were further compared for their gene structure,codon usage,contraction and expansion of inverted repeats,sequence repeats,divergence hotspots,and gene evolution.The complete plastome size of newly sequenced taxa varied between 152,377 bp(Litsea auriculata)and 154,117 bp(Litsea pierrei).Seven of the 16 Litsea plastomes have a pair of insertions in the IRa(trnL-trnH)and IRb(ycf2)regions.The 18 plastomes of Litsea and Lindera taxa exhibit similar gene features,codon usage,oligonucleotide repeats,and inverted repeat dynamics.The codons with the highest frequency among these taxa favored A/T endings and each of these plastomes had nine divergence hotspots,which are located in the same regions.We also identified six protein coding genes(accD,ndhJ,rbcL,rpoC2,ycf1 and ycf2)under positive selection in Litsea;these genes may play important roles in adaptation of Litsea species to various environments.展开更多
All extant species in the rodent family Spalacidae are subterranean and have evolved various traits for underground life.However,the phylogenomic relationships among its three subfamilies(Myospalacinae,Spalacinae,and ...All extant species in the rodent family Spalacidae are subterranean and have evolved various traits for underground life.However,the phylogenomic relationships among its three subfamilies(Myospalacinae,Spalacinae,and Rhizomyinae)and the molecular basis underlying their adaptations to underground life remain poorly understood.Here,we inferred the phylogenomic relationships among these subfamilies based on de novo sequencing the genome of the hoary bamboo rat(Rhizomys pruinosus).Analyses showed that 50%of the identified 11028 one-to-one orthologous protein-coding genes and the concatenated sequences of these orthologous genes strongly supported a sister relationship between Myospalacinae and Rhizomyinae.展开更多
MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are endogenous 18-24 nucleotide(nt) non-coding RNAs,some of which have been indicated to play key roles in granulosa cells(GCs) function.However,little is known about how the miRNA gene expression it...MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are endogenous 18-24 nucleotide(nt) non-coding RNAs,some of which have been indicated to play key roles in granulosa cells(GCs) function.However,little is known about how the miRNA gene expression itself is regulated in the GCs.Our previous study showed that miR-34 c,identified to be a pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative factor in many cell types,exerted the same effects in porcine GCs.Here,the transcriptional regulation of miR-34 c expression in GCs was further investigated.5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE) assay indicated that the pri-miR-34 c transcription start site was located in 1 556 bp upstream of pre-miR-34 c.With dual-luciferase reporter assay,we confirmed a 69 bp core promoter region(-1 799 bp/-1 730 bp) was indispensable for the transcription of miR-34 c.Chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP) assay demonstrated that p53,p50,and p65 could bind to the transcription factor binding sites within the 69 bp core promoter region.In addition,deletion of transcripition factor binding sites resulted in obvious change of the miR-34 c promoter activity.Finally,using overexpression and knockdown of p53,p50,and p65 strategies,we showed that p53 and p50 could positively regulated miR-34 c expression,whereas p65 neletively regulated miR-34 c expression in GCs.Our results provide new data about the transcription regulatory mechanism of miRNA genes in GCs.展开更多
[Objective] This study analyzed genetic diversity of 22 representative peony cultivars to investigate genetic differences between peony cultivars and explore excellent germplasm resources,aiming at providing scientifi...[Objective] This study analyzed genetic diversity of 22 representative peony cultivars to investigate genetic differences between peony cultivars and explore excellent germplasm resources,aiming at providing scientific basis for analysis of genetic relationships between different peony cultivars and germplasm innovation.[Method] Flower color,flower type,plant height,plant width,flower diameter,leaf length,leaf width,plant type and leaf type of 22 peony cultivars were surveyed.The genetic distances between peony cultivars were calculated with Euclidean distance method.The genetic diversity of 22 peony cultivars was analyzed by UPGMA cluster analysis.[Result]Based on the overall average of total genetic distance,UPGMA cluster analysis results were classified.Thus,22 peony cultivars were divided into five categories.CategoryⅠconsisted of Yinhongqiaodui,Jizhuahong,Babaoxiang,Chongloudiancui,Congzhongxiao,Weizi,Yanlongzi and Qiejiazi;category II consisted of Huhong;category III consisted of Xiaohuhong,Baiyulan,Yingsuhong,Fengdan,Dajinfeng,Jingyu,Panzhongquguo,Qingshanguanxue,Mojianrong,Dahongyipin and Lanhuakui;category Ⅳ consisted of Haihuang;category Ⅴ consisted of Sihelian.The classification results were consistent with pedigree analysis.Peony cultivars with unknown pedigree were assigned to corresponding heterosis group.[Conclusion]The diversity analysis of morphological traits is an effective method for investigating genetic differences between different cultivars,which may lay the theoretic foundation for breeding,industrial development and application of new peony cultivars.展开更多
Dead twigs of Aquilaria sinensis(Thymelaeaceae)with fungal fruiting bodies were collected from Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province,China.After initial morphological observations,an interesting fungus whose morphologically r...Dead twigs of Aquilaria sinensis(Thymelaeaceae)with fungal fruiting bodies were collected from Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province,China.After initial morphological observations,an interesting fungus whose morphologically resembled Peroneutypa was isolated.Molecular phylogeny of combined ITS and tub2 showed our fungal collection is phylogenetically closely related to P.mackenziei.However,in morphology,our fungal collection is distinct from P.mackenziei in having an ostiolar canal without periphyses and the absence of paraphyses.Based on unique morphological characteristics and multigene phylogenetic analyses results,our fungal isolate is described in this paper as Peroneutypa aquilariae sp.nov.In addition,this is the first report of the genus Peroneutypa from the host A.sinensis.Full description,illustrations,and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of the new species are provided.A synoptic table of morphological characteristics in Peroneutypa reported worldwide is also provided.展开更多
20-hydroxyecdysone(20E)induced transcription factor E93 is important for larval–adult transition,which functions in programmed cell death of larval obsolete tissues,and the formation of adult new tissues.However,the ...20-hydroxyecdysone(20E)induced transcription factor E93 is important for larval–adult transition,which functions in programmed cell death of larval obsolete tissues,and the formation of adult new tissues.However,the apoptosis-related genes directly regulated by E93 are still ambiguous.In this study,an E93 mutation fly strain was obtained by clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9-mediated long exon deletion to investigate whether and how E93 induces apoptosis during larval tissues metamorphosis.The transcriptional profile of E93 was consistent with 3 RHG(rpr,hid,and grim)genes and the effector caspase gene drice,and all their expressions peaked at the initiation of apoptosis during the degradation of salivary glands.The transcription expression of 3 RHG genes decreased and apoptosis was blocked in E93 mutation salivary gland during metamorphosis.In contrast,E93 overexpression promoted the transcription of 3 RHG genes,and induced advanced apoptosis in the salivary gland.Moreover,E93 not only enhance the promoter activities of the 3 RHG genes in Drosophila Kc cells in vitro,but also in the salivary gland in vivo.Our results demonstrated that 20E induced E93 promotes the transcription of RHG genes to trigger apoptosis during obsolete tissues degradation at metamorphosis in Drosophila.展开更多
Hypocreomycetidae is a highly diverse group with species from various habitats. This subclass has been reported as pathogenic,endophytic, parasitic, saprobic, fungicolous, lichenicolous, algicolous, coprophilous and i...Hypocreomycetidae is a highly diverse group with species from various habitats. This subclass has been reported as pathogenic,endophytic, parasitic, saprobic, fungicolous, lichenicolous, algicolous, coprophilous and insect fungi from aquatic andterrestrial habitats. In this study, we focused on freshwater fungi of Hypocreomycetidae which resulted 41 fresh collectionsfrom China and Thailand. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, we identified 26 species that belong to twoorders (Hypocreales and Microascales) and six families (Bionectriaceae, Halosphaeriaceae, Microascaceae, Nectriaceae,Sarocladiaceae and Stachybotryaceae). Ten new species are introduced and 13 new habitats and geographic records arereported. Mariannaea superimposita, Stachybotrys chartarum and S. chlorohalonatus are recollected from freshwater habitatsin China. Based on phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU, ITS, SSU, rpb2 and tef1-α sequences data, Emericellopsisis transferred to Hypocreales genera incertae sedis;Pseudoacremonium is transferred to Bionectriaceae;Sedecimiella isplaced in Nectriaceae;Nautosphaeria and Tubakiella are excluded from Halosphaeriaceae and placed in Microascalesgenera incertae sedis;and Faurelina is excluded from Hypocreomycetidae. Varicosporella is placed under Atractium as asynonym of Atractium. In addition, phylogenetic analysis and divergence time estimates showed that Ascocodina, Campylospora,Cornuvesica and Xenodactylariaceae form distinct lineages in Hypocreomycetidae and they evolved in the family/order time frame. Hence, a new order (Xenodactylariales) and three new families (Ascocodinaceae, Campylosporaceae andCornuvesicaceae) are introduced based on phylogenetic analysis, divergence time estimations and morphological characters.Ancestral character state analysis is performed for different habitats of Hypocreomycetidae including freshwater, marineand terrestrial taxa. The result indicates that marine and freshwater fungi evolved independently from terrestrial ancestors.The results further support those early diverging clades of this subclass, mostly comprising terrestrial taxa and freshwaterand marine taxa have been secondarily derived, while the crown clade (Nectriaceae) is represented in all three habitats. Theevolution of various morphological adaptations towards their habitual changes are also discussed.展开更多
Granulosa cells(GCs) are somatic cells of ovary, the behaviors of GCs are important for ovarian function. MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are a class of endogenous 18–24 nucleotide(nt) non-coding RNAs, some of which have been show...Granulosa cells(GCs) are somatic cells of ovary, the behaviors of GCs are important for ovarian function. MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are a class of endogenous 18–24 nucleotide(nt) non-coding RNAs, some of which have been shown to be important regulators of GCs function. miR-34c involved in the regulation of various biological processes and was identified to be a pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative factor in many cell types. However, the roles of miR-34c in GCs function remain unknown. In this study, we used Annexin V-FITC and Ed U assays to demonstrate that miR-34c exerted pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects in porcine GCs. Dual-luciferase reporter assays, quantitative real-time PCR(q RT-PCR) and Western blotting identified Forkhead box O3a(Fox O3a) as a direct target gene of miR-34c. The overexpression of FoxO3a rescued the phenotypic change caused by miR-34c in porcine GCs. In conclusion, miR-34c regulate the function of porcine GCs by targeting FoxO3a.展开更多
A π-conjugated optical functional organic compound comprising an electron donor(D) and acceptor(A) was synthesized. The crystal structure was determined through single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystalli...A π-conjugated optical functional organic compound comprising an electron donor(D) and acceptor(A) was synthesized. The crystal structure was determined through single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P2_(1) with a = 9.6610(5), b = 8.9093(4), c = 26.303(1)Å, β = 96.262(4)°, V = 2250.5(2)Å^(3), Z = 4, D_(c)= 1.220 Mg/m^(3), F(000) = 872, Μr = 413.50, μ = 0.072 mm^(-1), the final R = 0.0569 and wR = 0.1700 for 8976 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). Optical properties were studied in detail through theoretical calculation and experimental study. The result reveals that the compound exhibits excellent fluorescence performance and it can be compatible in the cytoplasm of NIH/3T3 cells, showing potential in fluorescence microscopy bioimaging.展开更多
This study investigated the anti-anxiety/anti-depression potential of a formula containing red pomegranate fruit extract(RPFE;40%,m/m),Lactobacillus rhamnosus(JB-1)(34%,m/m),magnesium gluconate(25%,m/m)and vanillin(1%...This study investigated the anti-anxiety/anti-depression potential of a formula containing red pomegranate fruit extract(RPFE;40%,m/m),Lactobacillus rhamnosus(JB-1)(34%,m/m),magnesium gluconate(25%,m/m)and vanillin(1%,m/m).The RPFE formula(dose:2.0,1.5 or 1.0 mg/g·day)reversed behavioral dysfunctions and body weight gain induced by chronic restraint stress combined with corticosterone injection in C57BL/6 male mice.The RPFE formula exhibited the abilities to normalize the levels of serum infl ammatory cytokines(NF-κB,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1βand IFN-γ)and malondialdehyde(MDA),and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and nitric oxide synthase(NOS),as well as relieve the injury of hippocampal neurons.The serotonin(5-HT)levels in hippocampus were increasingly enhanced,which might be mediated by reducing the activity of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)and increasing the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase(TPH).Thus,the neuroprotective and ameliorating effects on anxiety/depression-like behaviors resulting from the RPFE formula ingestion were possibly related to serotonergic activation,which might be mediated via anti-infl ammatory and anti-oxidant actions.展开更多
The global diversity of fungi has been estimated using several different approaches.There is somewhere between 2–11 million estimated species,but the number of formally described taxa is around 150,000,a tiny fractio...The global diversity of fungi has been estimated using several different approaches.There is somewhere between 2–11 million estimated species,but the number of formally described taxa is around 150,000,a tiny fraction of the total.In this paper,we examine 12 ascomycete genera as case studies to establish trends in fungal species descriptions,and introduce new species in each genus.To highlight the importance of traditional morpho-molecular methods in publishing new species,we introduce novel taxa in 12 genera that are considered to have low species discovery.We discuss whether the species are likely to be rare or due to a lack of extensive sampling and classification.The genera are Apiospora,Bambusicola,Beltrania,Capronia,Distoseptispora,Endocalyx,Neocatenulostroma,Neodeightonia,Paraconiothyrium,Peroneutypa,Phaeoacremonium and Vanakripa.We discuss host-specificity in selected genera and compare the number of species epithets in each genus with the number of ITS(barcode)sequences deposited in GenBank and UNITE.We furthermore discuss the relationship between the divergence times of these genera with those of their hosts.We hypothesize whether there might be more species in these genera and discuss hosts and habitats that should be investigated for novel species discovery.展开更多
Coelomycete is a general term used for asexual fungi which produce conidia in fruiting bodies:pycnidial,acervular,cupulate,pycnothyria or stromatic conidiomata.The group contains numerous plant pathogenic,saprobic and...Coelomycete is a general term used for asexual fungi which produce conidia in fruiting bodies:pycnidial,acervular,cupulate,pycnothyria or stromatic conidiomata.The group contains numerous plant pathogenic,saprobic and endophytic species associated with a wide range of hosts.Traditionally,morphological characters and host associations have been used as criteria to identify and classify coelomycetes,and this has resulted in a poor understanding of their generic and species boundaries.DNA based taxonomic studies have provided a better outlook of the phylogenetic and evolutionary trends in coelomycetes.However,the present outcomes represent only a preliminary step towards the understanding of coelomycetes.Many genera have not been revisited since they were first described.The present study revises the classification of the hyaline-spored coelomycetes and provides a modern taxonomic framework based on both morphology and phylogeny.In total,248 genera were investigated,of which less than 100 are known to have sequence data.Multi-locus sequence data analyses of 28S nrDNA,18S nrDNA,ITS,RNA polymerase II second largest subunit(rpb2),and part of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene(tef1)andβ-tubulin(tub2)gene regions were analysed.As a result,three new genera and 23 new species are introduced.In addition,three new links between sexual and asexual genera are provided.There are 138 genera that lack sequence data,and these are treated as Ascomycota,genera incertae sedis.Line drawings and descriptions are provided based on the examination of types and fresh collections and on the literature.展开更多
Asexually reproducing fungi play a significant role in essential processes in managed and wild ecosystems such as nutrients cycling and multitrophic interactions.A large number of such taxa are among the most notoriou...Asexually reproducing fungi play a significant role in essential processes in managed and wild ecosystems such as nutrients cycling and multitrophic interactions.A large number of such taxa are among the most notorious plant and animal pathogens.In addition,they have a key role in food production,biotechnology and medicine.Taxa without or rare sexual reproduction are distinguished based on their sporulating structures and conidiomata in traditional morphology-based taxonomy.The number,variation and diversity of asexually reproducing taxa are insufficiently known,even though fungi capable of asexual reproduction may provide an untapped,rich biological resource for future exploitation.Currently,ca.30,000 asexual species belonging to ca.3800 genera have been reported(including 1388 coelomycetous and 2265 hyphomycetous genera).Recent reports(2017–2020)reiterate that the number of asexually producing fungi is higher than the number of frequently sexually-reproducing fungi.With the advent of molecular tools and the abandonment of the dual nomenclature system for pleomorphic fungi,priority criteria were established and revisited in the latest outline of fungi and fungus-like taxa.However,species numbers and taxonomic boundaries of pleomorphic taxa and their synanamorphs or synasexual morphs have yet to be addressed.The number of species of speciose genera(e.g.Alternaria,Aspergillus,Cercospora,Fusarium,Phoma and Pseudocercospora),cryptic species,species of pleomorphic genera,less studied life modes(such as lichenicolous taxa,taxa from extreme environments)and species from biodiversity-rich areas still need evaluation to achieve more reliable estimates of their diversity.This paper discusses the current knowledge on the matter,with diversity estimates,and potential obstacles in several chapters on(1)speciose genera;(2)pleomorphic genera;(3)cryptic species;(4)well-studied but insufficiently resolved taxa,e.g.leaf inhabiting species,marine fungi,(5)less studied life modes,e.g.lichenicolous,rock-inhabiting fungi,insect-associated and yeast-forming taxa and(6)species from biodiversity-rich areas.展开更多
Numerous new taxa and classifications of Dothideomycetes have been published following the last monograph of families of Dothideomycetes in 2013.A recent publication by Honsanan et al.in 2020 expanded information of f...Numerous new taxa and classifications of Dothideomycetes have been published following the last monograph of families of Dothideomycetes in 2013.A recent publication by Honsanan et al.in 2020 expanded information of families in Dothideo-mycetidae and Pleosporomycetidae with modern classifications.In this paper,we provide a refined updated document on orders and families incertae sedis of Dothideomycetes.Each family is provided with an updated description,notes,including figures to represent the morphology,a list of accepted genera,and economic and ecological significances.We also provide phylogenetic trees for each order.In this study,31 orders which consist 50 families are assigned as orders incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes,and 41 families are treated as families incertae sedis due to lack of molecular or morphological evidence.The new order,Catinellales,and four new families,Catinellaceae,Morenoinaceae Neobuelliellaceae and Thyrinulaceae are introduced.Seven genera(Neobuelliella,Pseudomicrothyrium,Flagellostrigula,Swinscowia,Macroconstrictolumina,Pseudobogoriella,and Schummia)are introduced.Seven new species(Acrospermum urticae,Bogoriella complexoluminata,Dothiorella ostryae,Dyfrolomyces distoseptatus,Macroconstrictolumina megalateralis,Patellaria microspora,and Pseu-domicrothyrium thailandicum)are introduced base on morphology and phylogeny,together with two new records/reports and five new collections from different families.Ninety new combinations are also provided in this paper.展开更多
This article is the ninth in the series of Fungal Diversity Notes,where 107 taxa distributed in three phyla,nine classes,31 orders and 57 families are described and illustrated.Taxa described in the present study incl...This article is the ninth in the series of Fungal Diversity Notes,where 107 taxa distributed in three phyla,nine classes,31 orders and 57 families are described and illustrated.Taxa described in the present study include 12 new genera,74 new species,three new combinations,two reference specimens,a re-circumscription of the epitype,and 15 records of sexualasexual morph connections,new hosts and new geographical distributions.Twelve new genera comprise Brunneofusispora,Brunneomurispora,Liua,Lonicericola,Neoeutypella,Paratrimmatostroma,Parazalerion,Proliferophorum,Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis,Septomelanconiella,Velebitea and Vicosamyces.Seventy-four new species are Agaricus memnonius,A.langensis,Aleurodiscus patagonicus,Amanita flavoalba,A.subtropicana,Amphisphaeria mangrovei,Baorangia major,Bartalinia kunmingensis,Brunneofusispora sinensis,Brunneomurispora lonicerae,Capronia camelliaeyunnanensis,Clavulina thindii,Coniochaeta simbalensis,Conlarium thailandense,Coprinus trigonosporus,Liua muriformis,Cyphellophora filicis,Cytospora ulmicola,Dacrymyces invisibilis,Dictyocheirospora metroxylonis,Distoseptispora thysanolaenae,Emericellopsis koreana,Galiicola baoshanensis,Hygrocybe lucida,Hypoxylon teeravasati,Hyweljonesia indica,Keissleriella caraganae,Lactarius olivaceopallidus,Lactifluus midnapurensis,Lembosia brigadeirensis,Leptosphaeria urticae,Lonicericola hyaloseptispora,Lophiotrema mucilaginosis,Marasmiellus bicoloripes,Marasmius indojasminodorus,Micropeltis phetchaburiensis,Mucor orantomantidis,Murilentithecium lonicerae,Neobambusicola brunnea,Neoeutypella baoshanensis,Neoroussoella heveae,Neosetophoma lonicerae,Ophiobolus malleolus,Parabambusicola thysanolaenae,Paratrimmatostroma kunmingensis,Parazalerion indica,Penicillium dokdoense,Peroneutypa mangrovei,Phaeosphaeria cycadis,Phanerochaete australosanguinea,Plectosphaerella kunmingensis,Plenodomus artemisiae,P.lijiangensis,Proliferophorum thailandicum,Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis kaveriana,Pseudohelicomyces menglunicus,Pseudoplagiostoma mangiferae,Robillarda mangiferae,Roussoella elaeicola,Russula choptae,R.uttarakhandia,Septomelanconiella thailandica,Spencermartinsia acericola,Sphaerellopsis isthmospora,Thozetella lithocarpi,Trechispora echinospora,Tremellochaete atlantica,Trichoderma koreanum,T.pinicola,T.rugulosum,Velebitea chrysotexta,Vicosamyces venturisporus,Wojnowiciella kunmingensis and Zopfiella indica.Three new combinations are Baorangia rufomaculata,Lanmaoa pallidorosea and Wojnowiciella rosicola.The reference specimens of Canalisporium kenyense and Tamsiniella labiosa are designated.The epitype of Sarcopeziza sicula is re-circumscribed based on cyto-and histochemical analyses.The sexual-asexual morph connection of Plenodomus sinensis is reported from ferns and Cirsium for the first time.In addition,the new host records and country records are Amanita altipes,A.melleialba,Amarenomyces dactylidis,Chaetosphaeria panamensis,Coniella vitis,Coprinopsis kubickae,Dothiorella sarmentorum,Leptobacillium leptobactrum var.calidus,Muyocopron lithocarpi,Neoroussoella solani,Periconia cortaderiae,Phragmocamarosporium hederae,Sphaerellopsis paraphysata and Sphaeropsis eucalypticola.展开更多
基金supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation Youth Project,China(Grant No.2021JJ40433)the State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology Open Project,China(Grant No.20200301).
文摘Rice spikelet rot disease not only threatens rice yields but also poses risks to humans and animals due to the production of the category 2B carcinogen fumonisins by the pathogen Fusarium proliferatum.Nitrogen(N)metabolism is known to have a significant influence on fungal growth and the synthesis of secondary metabolites.AreA is a global N regulatory gene belonging to the GATA transcription factor family.In this study,we observed that theΔAreA mutant exhibited a notable reduction in growth rate and conidium production.Pathogenicity experiments revealed thatΔAreA had almost lost its ability to infect rice spikelets.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2019JJ50475)Key Scientific Research Projects of Hunan Education Department(18A448)Foundation of Hunan Double First-rate Discipline Construction Pr ojects of Bioengineering and Key Lab oratory of Resea rch and Utilizati on of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province,and the National Science Foundation(81874334).
文摘Akebia trifoliata subsp.australis is a well-known medicinal and potential woody oil plant in China.The limited genetic information available for A.trifoliata subsp.australis has hindered its exploitation.Here,a high-quality chromosomelevel genome sequence of A.trifoliata subsp.australis is reported.The de novo genome assembly of 682.14 Mb was generated with a scaffold N50 of 43.11 Mb.The genome includes 25,598 protein-coding genes,and 71.18%(485.55 Mb)of the assembled sequences were identi fi ed as repetitive sequences.An ongoing massive burst of long terminal repeat(LTR)insertions,which occurred~1.0 million years ago,has contributed a large proportion of LTRs in the genome of A.trifoliata subsp.australis.Phylogenetic analysis shows that A.trifoliata subsp.australis is closely related to Aquilegia coerulea and forms a clade with Papaver somniferum and Nelumbo nucifera,which supports the well-established hypothesis of a close relationship between basal eudicot species.The expansion of UDP-glucoronosyl and UDP-glucosyl transferase gene families and fi-amyrin synthase-like genes and the exclusive contraction of terpene synthase gene families may be responsible for the abundant oleanane-type triterpenoids in A.trifoliata subsp.australis.Furthermore,the acyl-ACP desaturase gene family,including 12 stearoyl-acyl-carrier protein desaturase(SAD)genes,has expanded exclusively.A combined transcriptome and fatty-acid analysis of seeds at fi ve developmental stages revealed that homologs of SADs,acyl-lipid desaturase omega fatty acid desaturases(FADs),and oleosins were highly expressed,consistent with the rapid increase in the content of fatty acids,especially unsaturated fatty acids.The genomic sequences of A.trifoliata subsp.australis will be a valuable resource for comparative genomic analyses and molecular breeding.
文摘The active compounds in herb drugs are mainly secondary metabolites, which are greatly influenced by external conditions. Particularly, light intensity has a great influence on the photosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites. In this study, the light intensity was changed, and the influence of the light intensity on leaf photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activity and flavone contents of Lithocarpus litseifoliusp (Hance) Chun. was discussed. The results showed that (1) L. litseifolius is a typical heliophyte. As the light intensity decreased, the contents of chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b) and total chlorophyll (Chl a + b) all increased. However, the Chl a/b ratio gradually decreased. The daily variation of net photosynthetic rate changed from a double-peak curve under natural light to single-peak curve under 20% full light two shading nets. (2) As the light intensity decreased, the SOD and POD activities and the soluble proteins content decreased in the leaves. In contrast, the malondialdehyde content increased. (3) The flavone content was the highest in leaves at one shading nets 60% of full light, and the lowest occurred in leaves at two shading nets 20% of full light. A comprehensive analysis indicated that an appropriate shading could induce shade tolerance in the leaves of L. litseifolius, which promoted the accumulation of flavonoids. L. litseifolius should be planted in the lower position of sunny slope or the upper position of shady slope to increase the content of flavone in the leaves.
文摘It is important to understand the research trends and hotspots of global soil nutrient migration and control. Based on the core collection of WOS (Web of Science), citespace knowledge map analysis tool was used to analyze the number of publications, cooperation networks, disciplines, research hotspots and frontier trends on nutrient migration in soil. The results showed that: the number of publications on the study of soil nutrient migration showed a good growth from 1990 to 2021. 173 countries had cooperative relationships. The number of articles published in the United States and China was significantly higher than that in other countries, while Chinese Academy of Sciences was the institution with the largest number of publications. It was a comprehensive system that permeates with agriculture, environmental science, botany and other disciplines. The research of nutrient migration in soil mainly focused on the measures of microbial community in different land types to promote nutrient transformation, improve soil fertility and reduce nutrient loss. In the future, the research trends will be the management measures of soil nutrient loss, the relationship between the change of soil nutrient and plant community diversity, and the remediation of agricultural contaminated soil. Through the above analysis, there was an overall understanding of soil nutrient migration. The research on nutrient migration may continue to increase in the future. It is suggested that Chinese research institutions, teams and universities need to strengthen international cooperation, and speed up their integration with the international community.
基金This work was supported by the Hunan Education Department Project(NO.20A390)National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(S202010548007).
文摘Background:Melanoma is a deadly skin tumor resulting from the malignant transformation of melanocytes.It is highly malignant and invasive,with the highest mortality rate among skin cancers.Acalypha australis L.(AAL),a plant with dual medicinal and culinary purposes,is commonly regarded as an edible wild vegetable in southern China.Additionally,AAL has a long history of medicinal use in China,often employed for its hemostatic,anti-diarrheal,and anti-inflammatory properties.Modern pharmacology has demonstrated that AAL possesses functions such as weight loss,antimicrobial activity,antiviral effects,and treatment for ulcerative colitis.However,there is currently no research available regarding its effectiveness and mechanisms of action on melanoma.Methods:In this investigation,we used methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay to detect cell viability,transwell assay to detect cell migration and invasion ability,and Western blot assay to detect relevant signaling pathways.Results:The present study reveals that 2 mg/mL AAL effectively suppresses the metastasis of B16 cells,while simultaneously triggering the expression of key apoptosis-related proteins,including Bcl-2,Bax,and cleaved caspased 3.Subsequent investigations demonstrate that AAL exerts this inhibitory effect via the PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway,as evidenced by the observed deficits in Ras,AKT,p-AKT,and PI3K expression levels.Conclusion:These findings indicated that AAL could be a valuable therapeutic option for reducing the metastatic potential of B16 melanoma cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32060710,31970223,31860005,31860620)Applied Basic Research Projects of Yunnan(Grant No.2019FB057).
文摘Litsea,a non-monophyletic group of the tribe Laureae(Lauraceae),plays important roles in the tropical and subtropical forests of Asia,Australia,Central and North America,and the islands of the Pacific.However,intergeneric relationships between Litsea and Laurus,Lindera,Parasassafras and Sinosassafras of the tribe Laureae remain unresolved.In this study,we present phylogenetic analyses of seven newly sequenced Litsea plastomes,together with 47 Laureae plastomes obtained from public databases,representing six genera of the Laureae.Our results highlight two highly supported monophyletic groups of Litsea taxa.One is composed of 16 Litsea taxa and two Lindera taxa.The 18 plastomes of these taxa were further compared for their gene structure,codon usage,contraction and expansion of inverted repeats,sequence repeats,divergence hotspots,and gene evolution.The complete plastome size of newly sequenced taxa varied between 152,377 bp(Litsea auriculata)and 154,117 bp(Litsea pierrei).Seven of the 16 Litsea plastomes have a pair of insertions in the IRa(trnL-trnH)and IRb(ycf2)regions.The 18 plastomes of Litsea and Lindera taxa exhibit similar gene features,codon usage,oligonucleotide repeats,and inverted repeat dynamics.The codons with the highest frequency among these taxa favored A/T endings and each of these plastomes had nine divergence hotspots,which are located in the same regions.We also identified six protein coding genes(accD,ndhJ,rbcL,rpoC2,ycf1 and ycf2)under positive selection in Litsea;these genes may play important roles in adaptation of Litsea species to various environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31922010,31871270,31260087,31460561)China National Center for Biotechnology Development(2020YFC0847000)+3 种基金Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KJZD-SW-L11)Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department(2019FI008)Yunnan Applied Basic Research Projects(2018FB050)Training Funds of Ten-thousand Talents Program of Yunnan Province(to L.Z.T.)。
文摘All extant species in the rodent family Spalacidae are subterranean and have evolved various traits for underground life.However,the phylogenomic relationships among its three subfamilies(Myospalacinae,Spalacinae,and Rhizomyinae)and the molecular basis underlying their adaptations to underground life remain poorly understood.Here,we inferred the phylogenomic relationships among these subfamilies based on de novo sequencing the genome of the hoary bamboo rat(Rhizomys pruinosus).Analyses showed that 50%of the identified 11028 one-to-one orthologous protein-coding genes and the concatenated sequences of these orthologous genes strongly supported a sister relationship between Myospalacinae and Rhizomyinae.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31201771)the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-36)
文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are endogenous 18-24 nucleotide(nt) non-coding RNAs,some of which have been indicated to play key roles in granulosa cells(GCs) function.However,little is known about how the miRNA gene expression itself is regulated in the GCs.Our previous study showed that miR-34 c,identified to be a pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative factor in many cell types,exerted the same effects in porcine GCs.Here,the transcriptional regulation of miR-34 c expression in GCs was further investigated.5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE) assay indicated that the pri-miR-34 c transcription start site was located in 1 556 bp upstream of pre-miR-34 c.With dual-luciferase reporter assay,we confirmed a 69 bp core promoter region(-1 799 bp/-1 730 bp) was indispensable for the transcription of miR-34 c.Chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP) assay demonstrated that p53,p50,and p65 could bind to the transcription factor binding sites within the 69 bp core promoter region.In addition,deletion of transcripition factor binding sites resulted in obvious change of the miR-34 c promoter activity.Finally,using overexpression and knockdown of p53,p50,and p65 strategies,we showed that p53 and p50 could positively regulated miR-34 c expression,whereas p65 neletively regulated miR-34 c expression in GCs.Our results provide new data about the transcription regulatory mechanism of miRNA genes in GCs.
基金Supported by Key Project of Natural Science Foundation for Universities in Anhui Province(KJ2013A207,KJ2014A194)Major Project for Provincial Discipline Construction of Anhui Province[WJMK(2014)No.28]
文摘[Objective] This study analyzed genetic diversity of 22 representative peony cultivars to investigate genetic differences between peony cultivars and explore excellent germplasm resources,aiming at providing scientific basis for analysis of genetic relationships between different peony cultivars and germplasm innovation.[Method] Flower color,flower type,plant height,plant width,flower diameter,leaf length,leaf width,plant type and leaf type of 22 peony cultivars were surveyed.The genetic distances between peony cultivars were calculated with Euclidean distance method.The genetic diversity of 22 peony cultivars was analyzed by UPGMA cluster analysis.[Result]Based on the overall average of total genetic distance,UPGMA cluster analysis results were classified.Thus,22 peony cultivars were divided into five categories.CategoryⅠconsisted of Yinhongqiaodui,Jizhuahong,Babaoxiang,Chongloudiancui,Congzhongxiao,Weizi,Yanlongzi and Qiejiazi;category II consisted of Huhong;category III consisted of Xiaohuhong,Baiyulan,Yingsuhong,Fengdan,Dajinfeng,Jingyu,Panzhongquguo,Qingshanguanxue,Mojianrong,Dahongyipin and Lanhuakui;category Ⅳ consisted of Haihuang;category Ⅴ consisted of Sihelian.The classification results were consistent with pedigree analysis.Peony cultivars with unknown pedigree were assigned to corresponding heterosis group.[Conclusion]The diversity analysis of morphological traits is an effective method for investigating genetic differences between different cultivars,which may lay the theoretic foundation for breeding,industrial development and application of new peony cultivars.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.NSFC 31760013,31950410558,32260004)High-Level Talent Recruitment Plan of Yunnan Provinces('Young Talents'Program)Tian-Ye Du thanks Mae Fah Luang University for the award of fee-less scholarship.Ausana Mapook thanks the Mae Fah Luang University Fund(Grant No.651A16029)。
文摘Dead twigs of Aquilaria sinensis(Thymelaeaceae)with fungal fruiting bodies were collected from Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province,China.After initial morphological observations,an interesting fungus whose morphologically resembled Peroneutypa was isolated.Molecular phylogeny of combined ITS and tub2 showed our fungal collection is phylogenetically closely related to P.mackenziei.However,in morphology,our fungal collection is distinct from P.mackenziei in having an ostiolar canal without periphyses and the absence of paraphyses.Based on unique morphological characteristics and multigene phylogenetic analyses results,our fungal isolate is described in this paper as Peroneutypa aquilariae sp.nov.In addition,this is the first report of the genus Peroneutypa from the host A.sinensis.Full description,illustrations,and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of the new species are provided.A synoptic table of morphological characteristics in Peroneutypa reported worldwide is also provided.
基金the National Science Foundation of China(Grants No.32070491 to Kang Li)Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project(NT2021003 to Sheng Li)the National Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grants No.2022A1515010457 to Kang Li),English was polished by the Nature Publishing Group.
文摘20-hydroxyecdysone(20E)induced transcription factor E93 is important for larval–adult transition,which functions in programmed cell death of larval obsolete tissues,and the formation of adult new tissues.However,the apoptosis-related genes directly regulated by E93 are still ambiguous.In this study,an E93 mutation fly strain was obtained by clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9-mediated long exon deletion to investigate whether and how E93 induces apoptosis during larval tissues metamorphosis.The transcriptional profile of E93 was consistent with 3 RHG(rpr,hid,and grim)genes and the effector caspase gene drice,and all their expressions peaked at the initiation of apoptosis during the degradation of salivary glands.The transcription expression of 3 RHG genes decreased and apoptosis was blocked in E93 mutation salivary gland during metamorphosis.In contrast,E93 overexpression promoted the transcription of 3 RHG genes,and induced advanced apoptosis in the salivary gland.Moreover,E93 not only enhance the promoter activities of the 3 RHG genes in Drosophila Kc cells in vitro,but also in the salivary gland in vivo.Our results demonstrated that 20E induced E93 promotes the transcription of RHG genes to trigger apoptosis during obsolete tissues degradation at metamorphosis in Drosophila.
文摘Hypocreomycetidae is a highly diverse group with species from various habitats. This subclass has been reported as pathogenic,endophytic, parasitic, saprobic, fungicolous, lichenicolous, algicolous, coprophilous and insect fungi from aquatic andterrestrial habitats. In this study, we focused on freshwater fungi of Hypocreomycetidae which resulted 41 fresh collectionsfrom China and Thailand. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, we identified 26 species that belong to twoorders (Hypocreales and Microascales) and six families (Bionectriaceae, Halosphaeriaceae, Microascaceae, Nectriaceae,Sarocladiaceae and Stachybotryaceae). Ten new species are introduced and 13 new habitats and geographic records arereported. Mariannaea superimposita, Stachybotrys chartarum and S. chlorohalonatus are recollected from freshwater habitatsin China. Based on phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU, ITS, SSU, rpb2 and tef1-α sequences data, Emericellopsisis transferred to Hypocreales genera incertae sedis;Pseudoacremonium is transferred to Bionectriaceae;Sedecimiella isplaced in Nectriaceae;Nautosphaeria and Tubakiella are excluded from Halosphaeriaceae and placed in Microascalesgenera incertae sedis;and Faurelina is excluded from Hypocreomycetidae. Varicosporella is placed under Atractium as asynonym of Atractium. In addition, phylogenetic analysis and divergence time estimates showed that Ascocodina, Campylospora,Cornuvesica and Xenodactylariaceae form distinct lineages in Hypocreomycetidae and they evolved in the family/order time frame. Hence, a new order (Xenodactylariales) and three new families (Ascocodinaceae, Campylosporaceae andCornuvesicaceae) are introduced based on phylogenetic analysis, divergence time estimations and morphological characters.Ancestral character state analysis is performed for different habitats of Hypocreomycetidae including freshwater, marineand terrestrial taxa. The result indicates that marine and freshwater fungi evolved independently from terrestrial ancestors.The results further support those early diverging clades of this subclass, mostly comprising terrestrial taxa and freshwaterand marine taxa have been secondarily derived, while the crown clade (Nectriaceae) is represented in all three habitats. Theevolution of various morphological adaptations towards their habitual changes are also discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31201771)the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-36)
文摘Granulosa cells(GCs) are somatic cells of ovary, the behaviors of GCs are important for ovarian function. MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are a class of endogenous 18–24 nucleotide(nt) non-coding RNAs, some of which have been shown to be important regulators of GCs function. miR-34c involved in the regulation of various biological processes and was identified to be a pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative factor in many cell types. However, the roles of miR-34c in GCs function remain unknown. In this study, we used Annexin V-FITC and Ed U assays to demonstrate that miR-34c exerted pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects in porcine GCs. Dual-luciferase reporter assays, quantitative real-time PCR(q RT-PCR) and Western blotting identified Forkhead box O3a(Fox O3a) as a direct target gene of miR-34c. The overexpression of FoxO3a rescued the phenotypic change caused by miR-34c in porcine GCs. In conclusion, miR-34c regulate the function of porcine GCs by targeting FoxO3a.
基金supported by the Major Project of Natural Science Research in Universities of Anhui Province(KJ2020A0533,KJ2020A0525)Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(1508085MB21)+2 种基金National Students Research Training Program(201910371016,201910371004,S202010371055)Research Innovation Team of Fuyang Normal University(kytd201710)Key Laboratory of Degradation and Detection of Environmental Pollutants of Anhui Province。
文摘A π-conjugated optical functional organic compound comprising an electron donor(D) and acceptor(A) was synthesized. The crystal structure was determined through single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P2_(1) with a = 9.6610(5), b = 8.9093(4), c = 26.303(1)Å, β = 96.262(4)°, V = 2250.5(2)Å^(3), Z = 4, D_(c)= 1.220 Mg/m^(3), F(000) = 872, Μr = 413.50, μ = 0.072 mm^(-1), the final R = 0.0569 and wR = 0.1700 for 8976 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). Optical properties were studied in detail through theoretical calculation and experimental study. The result reveals that the compound exhibits excellent fluorescence performance and it can be compatible in the cytoplasm of NIH/3T3 cells, showing potential in fluorescence microscopy bioimaging.
基金The authors are grateful for the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31201416)Science and Technology Research Funds of Guangdong Province(No.2017A010105002).
文摘This study investigated the anti-anxiety/anti-depression potential of a formula containing red pomegranate fruit extract(RPFE;40%,m/m),Lactobacillus rhamnosus(JB-1)(34%,m/m),magnesium gluconate(25%,m/m)and vanillin(1%,m/m).The RPFE formula(dose:2.0,1.5 or 1.0 mg/g·day)reversed behavioral dysfunctions and body weight gain induced by chronic restraint stress combined with corticosterone injection in C57BL/6 male mice.The RPFE formula exhibited the abilities to normalize the levels of serum infl ammatory cytokines(NF-κB,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1βand IFN-γ)and malondialdehyde(MDA),and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and nitric oxide synthase(NOS),as well as relieve the injury of hippocampal neurons.The serotonin(5-HT)levels in hippocampus were increasingly enhanced,which might be mediated by reducing the activity of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)and increasing the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase(TPH).Thus,the neuroprotective and ameliorating effects on anxiety/depression-like behaviors resulting from the RPFE formula ingestion were possibly related to serotonergic activation,which might be mediated via anti-infl ammatory and anti-oxidant actions.
基金Chayanard Phukhamsakda(Postdoctoral number 271007)would like to thank Jilin Agricultural University,National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)for granting a Youth Science Fund Project(number 32100007)the National Science and Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China(number 2021FY100900)+5 种基金the Program of Creation and Utilization of Germplasm of Mushroom Crop of“111”Project(No.D17014)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project ID:31970021,32060005)Yunnan Fundamental Research Project(grant NO.202101AU070137)for the financial and laboratory supportInternational Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship Program(number Y9180822S1)CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)(number 2020PC0009)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation and the Yunnan Human Resources,and Social Security Department Foundation for funding her postdoctoral research.This research was partially supported by Chiang Mai University.Mubashar Raza thanks CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for funding his postdoctoral research(Grant No.2020PB0115)and the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC,project code 32050410295).Samantha C.Karunarathna thanks CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)young staff under the grant number:2020FYC0002 for funding his postdoctoral research and the NationalScience Foundation of China(NSFC)for funding this research work under project code 31750110478.
文摘The global diversity of fungi has been estimated using several different approaches.There is somewhere between 2–11 million estimated species,but the number of formally described taxa is around 150,000,a tiny fraction of the total.In this paper,we examine 12 ascomycete genera as case studies to establish trends in fungal species descriptions,and introduce new species in each genus.To highlight the importance of traditional morpho-molecular methods in publishing new species,we introduce novel taxa in 12 genera that are considered to have low species discovery.We discuss whether the species are likely to be rare or due to a lack of extensive sampling and classification.The genera are Apiospora,Bambusicola,Beltrania,Capronia,Distoseptispora,Endocalyx,Neocatenulostroma,Neodeightonia,Paraconiothyrium,Peroneutypa,Phaeoacremonium and Vanakripa.We discuss host-specificity in selected genera and compare the number of species epithets in each genus with the number of ITS(barcode)sequences deposited in GenBank and UNITE.We furthermore discuss the relationship between the divergence times of these genera with those of their hosts.We hypothesize whether there might be more species in these genera and discuss hosts and habitats that should be investigated for novel species discovery.
基金Kevin D.Hyde thanks the 2019 high-end foreign expert introduction plan(granted by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China,Grant Number G20190139006)the Thailand Research Fund entitled“Impact of climate Change on fungal diversity and biogeography in the greater Mekong subregion”(RDG6130001)+3 种基金Wen-Jing Li,Qing Tian,Qiu-Ju Shang thank the Mushroom Research Foundation(MRF),Chiang Rai Province,Thailand for providing Postgraduate Scholarships.Wen-Jing Li would like to thank Ya-Ting Li,Li-Han Sheng for help re-drawing part of photos.Wen-Jing Li is also grateful to Assistant Prof.Huang Zhang,Dr.Putarak Chomnunti for images of Aquasubmersa mircensis,Clohesyomyces aquaticus,Neopyrenochaeta annellidica and Scorias spongiosa,and Prof.Alan J.L.Phillips,Xiao-Ya Ma,Yuan-Pin Xiao,Sheng-Nan Zhang,Jing Yang,Ming Zeng,Yong-Zhong Lu for assistance and valuable suggestions.Wen-Jing Li would like to thank the Molecular Biology Experimental Center at Kunming Institute of Botany for facilities of molecular work.We would like to thank the curators of the herbarium CUP,DAOM,FH,HAL,HHUF,IMI,K,and PREM for loaning herbarium specimens and for being very helpful in locating specimens.Without their help this work would not have been possible.The abbreviations of herbarium are those listed in Index Herbariorum(2019).We also wish to acknowledge Saranyaphat Boonmee,curator of MFLU(Mae Fah Luang University)and Liu Ende,Assistant Curator,Herbarium,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences(KUN),Kunming,for arranging the loan of specimens from various herbaria.We also thank the technical staff of Center of Excellence in Fungal Research,Sornram Sukpisit and Wilawan Punyaboon for their invaluable assistance.We also would like to thank Shaun Pennycook for assistance in checking the name of new taxa.We would like to thank Prof.Crous for providing culture from CBS(Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute).Erio Camporesi is grateful to Giancarlo Lombardi,Sergio Montanari and Gigi Stagioni for their help in identifying host plants of fresh collections.Dong-Qin Dai would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.NSFC 31760013)the Scientific Research Foundation of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education(2017ZZX186)the Thousand Talents Plan,Youth Project of Yunnan Provinces for finance support.Samantha C.Kaunarathna thanks CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for funding his postdoctoral research(No.2018PC0006)the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)for funding this work under the project code 31851110759.
文摘Coelomycete is a general term used for asexual fungi which produce conidia in fruiting bodies:pycnidial,acervular,cupulate,pycnothyria or stromatic conidiomata.The group contains numerous plant pathogenic,saprobic and endophytic species associated with a wide range of hosts.Traditionally,morphological characters and host associations have been used as criteria to identify and classify coelomycetes,and this has resulted in a poor understanding of their generic and species boundaries.DNA based taxonomic studies have provided a better outlook of the phylogenetic and evolutionary trends in coelomycetes.However,the present outcomes represent only a preliminary step towards the understanding of coelomycetes.Many genera have not been revisited since they were first described.The present study revises the classification of the hyaline-spored coelomycetes and provides a modern taxonomic framework based on both morphology and phylogeny.In total,248 genera were investigated,of which less than 100 are known to have sequence data.Multi-locus sequence data analyses of 28S nrDNA,18S nrDNA,ITS,RNA polymerase II second largest subunit(rpb2),and part of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene(tef1)andβ-tubulin(tub2)gene regions were analysed.As a result,three new genera and 23 new species are introduced.In addition,three new links between sexual and asexual genera are provided.There are 138 genera that lack sequence data,and these are treated as Ascomycota,genera incertae sedis.Line drawings and descriptions are provided based on the examination of types and fresh collections and on the literature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.NSFC 31950410558,NSFC 31760013)Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province(No.2018FB050)+2 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants,Guizhou Medical University(No.FAMP201906K)Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province(QKHRCPT[2017]5101)High-Level Talent Recruitment Plan of Yunnan Provinces("Young Talents"Program and"High-End Foreign Experts"Program).
文摘Asexually reproducing fungi play a significant role in essential processes in managed and wild ecosystems such as nutrients cycling and multitrophic interactions.A large number of such taxa are among the most notorious plant and animal pathogens.In addition,they have a key role in food production,biotechnology and medicine.Taxa without or rare sexual reproduction are distinguished based on their sporulating structures and conidiomata in traditional morphology-based taxonomy.The number,variation and diversity of asexually reproducing taxa are insufficiently known,even though fungi capable of asexual reproduction may provide an untapped,rich biological resource for future exploitation.Currently,ca.30,000 asexual species belonging to ca.3800 genera have been reported(including 1388 coelomycetous and 2265 hyphomycetous genera).Recent reports(2017–2020)reiterate that the number of asexually producing fungi is higher than the number of frequently sexually-reproducing fungi.With the advent of molecular tools and the abandonment of the dual nomenclature system for pleomorphic fungi,priority criteria were established and revisited in the latest outline of fungi and fungus-like taxa.However,species numbers and taxonomic boundaries of pleomorphic taxa and their synanamorphs or synasexual morphs have yet to be addressed.The number of species of speciose genera(e.g.Alternaria,Aspergillus,Cercospora,Fusarium,Phoma and Pseudocercospora),cryptic species,species of pleomorphic genera,less studied life modes(such as lichenicolous taxa,taxa from extreme environments)and species from biodiversity-rich areas still need evaluation to achieve more reliable estimates of their diversity.This paper discusses the current knowledge on the matter,with diversity estimates,and potential obstacles in several chapters on(1)speciose genera;(2)pleomorphic genera;(3)cryptic species;(4)well-studied but insufficiently resolved taxa,e.g.leaf inhabiting species,marine fungi,(5)less studied life modes,e.g.lichenicolous,rock-inhabiting fungi,insect-associated and yeast-forming taxa and(6)species from biodiversity-rich areas.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China for supporting the project Biodiversity,Taxonomy,Phylogeny,Evolution and Phytogeography of phytopathogens in Dothideomycetes from Southern China(Grant No.31950410548)for funding this research.Ning Xie would like to thank Project of DEGP(2019KTSCX150)+29 种基金.Kevin D Hyde thanks the Thailand Research Fund for the grant RDG6130001 entitled“Impact of climate change on fungal diversity and biogeography in the Greater Mekong Subregion”.Rungtiwa Phookamsak thanks CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for young staff(Grant No.Y9215811Q1)the Yunnan Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security(Grant No.Y836181261)National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)project code 31850410489(Grant No.Y81I982211)for financial supportDhanushka Wanasinghe would like to thank CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for funding his postdoctoral research(number 2019PC0008)the 64th batch of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.Y913083271).Vemuri V.Sarma would like to thank SERB,Department of Science and Technology,Government of India,for funding a project(SERB/SB/SO/PS/18/2014 dt.19.5.2015)Ministry of Earth Sciences(MOES),Govt.of India for funding a project(Sanction order:MOES/36/OO1S/Extra/40/2014/PC-IV dt.14.01.2015)the Department of Biotechnology,Pondicherry University for facilitiesthe National Research Council of Thailand(projects no.61215320013 and No.61215320023)the Thailand Research Fund(project no.TRG6180001)Plant Genetic Conservation Project under the Royal Initiation of Her Royal High-ness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn-Mae Fah Luang University.Alan JL Phillips acknowledges the support from UIDB/04046/2020 and UIDP/04046/2020 Centre grants from FCT,Portugal(to Bio-ISI).Saowaluck Tibpromma would like to thank the International Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship Program(number Y9180822S1)CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)(number 2020PC0009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.31800010 and 31750001)for financial support.the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.NSFC 31950410558)Guizhou Medical University(grant number FAMP201906K)tthe National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(No.NSFC 31760013)the Scientific Research Foundation of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education(2017ZZX186)the Thousand Talents Plan,Youth Project of Yun-nan Provinces for finance supportthe 5th batch of Postdoctoral Orientation Training Personnel in Yunnan Province(Grant No.Y934283261)the 64th batch of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.Y913082271)M Niranjan thanks SERB,Govt.of India for a fellow-ship.Huang Zhang would like to thank Natural Science Foundation of China(NSF 31500017).Jadson DP Bezerra thanks the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq),the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES,Finance Code 001)the Fundação de AmparoàCiência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco(FACEPE)for fellowship.B.Devadatha thanks MOES,Govt.of India for a fellowship.Hai-Xia Wu would like to the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Non-profit Research Institution of CAF(Grant No.CAFYBB2019QB005)the Ten Thousand Talents Plan,Youth Top Project of Yunnan Provinces for finance support.Ausana Mapook thanks to Research and Research-ers for Industries(RRI)under Thailand Research Fund for a personal grant(PHD57I0012)Putarak Chomnunti would like to thank Mae Fah Luang University(Grant No.DR256201012003)Diversity-Based Economy Development Office and National Research Council of Thailand Research(Grant No.T2561022)for the financial support.Satinee Suetrong thanks the collaborative project between BIOTEC and Department of Marine and Coastal Resources(DMCR),Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmentunder a project:Marine Microbes for National Reserves:Alternative Ways of State Property.N.Chai-wan would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund(PHD60K0147).
文摘Numerous new taxa and classifications of Dothideomycetes have been published following the last monograph of families of Dothideomycetes in 2013.A recent publication by Honsanan et al.in 2020 expanded information of families in Dothideo-mycetidae and Pleosporomycetidae with modern classifications.In this paper,we provide a refined updated document on orders and families incertae sedis of Dothideomycetes.Each family is provided with an updated description,notes,including figures to represent the morphology,a list of accepted genera,and economic and ecological significances.We also provide phylogenetic trees for each order.In this study,31 orders which consist 50 families are assigned as orders incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes,and 41 families are treated as families incertae sedis due to lack of molecular or morphological evidence.The new order,Catinellales,and four new families,Catinellaceae,Morenoinaceae Neobuelliellaceae and Thyrinulaceae are introduced.Seven genera(Neobuelliella,Pseudomicrothyrium,Flagellostrigula,Swinscowia,Macroconstrictolumina,Pseudobogoriella,and Schummia)are introduced.Seven new species(Acrospermum urticae,Bogoriella complexoluminata,Dothiorella ostryae,Dyfrolomyces distoseptatus,Macroconstrictolumina megalateralis,Patellaria microspora,and Pseu-domicrothyrium thailandicum)are introduced base on morphology and phylogeny,together with two new records/reports and five new collections from different families.Ninety new combinations are also provided in this paper.
基金CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for Young Staff 2019-2021(grant number 2019FY0003)the Research Fund from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.Y71B283261)+45 种基金the Yunnan Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security(Grant No.Y836181261)National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)project code 31850410489 for financial research supportthe Foreign Experts Bureau of Yunnan Province,Foreign Talents Program(2018,Grant No.YNZ2018002)Thailand Research grants entitled Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes on above parts of Rhizophora apiculata and Nypa fruticans(Grant No:RSA5980068)the future of specialist fungi in a changing climate:baseline data for generalist and specialist fungi associated with ants,Rhododendron species and Dracaena species(Grant No:DBG6080013)Impact of climate change on fungal diversity and biogeography in the Greater Mekong Subregion(Grant No:RDG6130001)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDY-SSW-SMC014)the National Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences for financial support under the following grants:41761144055,41771063 and Y4ZK111B01the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique-FNRS(Belgium)for travel grantsCAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for funding his postdoctoral research(Grant No.2018PC0006)the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC,project code 31750110478)CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for funding his postdoctoral research(Grant No.2019PC0008)supported under the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program(DSFP),King Saud University,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.the Kerala State Council for Science,Technology and Environment(KSCSTE)in the form of a PhD fellowship(Grant No.001/FSHP/2011/CSTE)the Principal Chief Conservator of forests,Kerala State,for granting permission(No.WL10-4937/2012,dated 03-10-2013)to collect agarics from the forests of Keralathe Council of Scientific&Industrial Research(CSIR),New Delhi,India,in the form of an award of CSIR Research Associateship(09/043(0178)2K17 dated:31/03/2017)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project ID:31470152 and 31360014)the Foundation of Innovative Group of Edible Mushrooms Industry of Beijing(Project ID:BAIC05-2017)the 5th batch of Postdoctoral Orientation Training Personnel in Yunnan Province and the 64th batch of China Postdoctoral Science FoundationCNPq for the Ph.D scholarship of RLMA(140283/2016-1)Pos-Graduacao em Biologia de Fungos(UFPE,Brazil)Capes(Capes-SIU 008/13)CNPq(PQ 307601/2015-3)FACEPE(APQ 0375-2.03/15)for funding the researchfinancial support from the Agreement ENDESA and San Ignacio de Huinay Foundations and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas,CSIC(Projects No.2011HUIN10,2013CL0012,2014CL0011)the AECID(Agencia Espanola de Cooperacion Internacional para el Desarrollo)and Plan Nacional I+D+i project no.CGL2015-67459-Psupported by a Predoctoral Grant from the Ministerio de Economıa y Competitividad(Spain)(BES-2016-077793)Croatian Science Foundation for their partial support under the project HRZZ-IP-2018-01-1736(ForFungiDNA)supported by the Graduate Program for the Undiscovered Taxa of Koreathe Project on Survey and Discovery of Indigenous Fungal Species of Korea funded by NIBR and Project on Discovery of Fungi from Freshwater and Collection of Fungarium funded by NNIBR of the Ministry of Environment(MOE)in part carried out with the support of Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development(PJ013744)Rural Development Administration,and BK21 PLUS program funded by Ministry of Education,Republic of Koreathe CASTWAS for the PhD Fellowship.Sanjay K.Singh,Paras Nath Singh,Shiwali Rana and Frank Kwekucher Ackah thank Director,MACS,Agharkar Research Institute,Pune,India for providing facilities.Shiwali Rana and Frank Kwekucher Ackah thank UGC(Junior Research Fellowship)and DST,Govt.of India(CV Raman Fellowship for African Researchers),respectively.Gen-Nuo Wang,Huang Zhang,Wei Dong and Xian-Dong Yu thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project ID:NSF 31500017).Bandarupalli Devadatha and V.Venkateswara Sarma thank The Ministry of Earth sciences,Govt.of India(Sanction order:MOES/36/OO1S/Extra/40/2014/PC-IV dt.14.1.2015)for a funding of the project,T,District Forest Office,Tiruvarur,Tamil Nadu and PCCF(Head of Forest Force),Chennai,Tamil Nadu Forest Department for providing permission to collect samples from Muthupet mangroves,and Department of Biotechnology,Pondicherry University is thanked for providing the facilities.Myung Soo Park,Seung-Yoon Oh and Young Woon Lim thank the Marine Bio Resource Bank Program of the Ministry of Ocean&Fisheries,Korea.Olinto Pereira thanks the CAPES,CNPq and FAPEMIG for financial support.Neven Matocˇec,Ivana Kusˇan and Margita Jadan express their gratitude to Livio Lorenzon,Enrico Bizio and Raffaella Trabucco(MCVE)for their kind help with loan of Sarcopeziza sicula type materialparts of their research were financed by Public Institutions Sjeverni Velebit National Park and Paklenica National Parkthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.NSFC 31760013,NSFC 31260087,NSFC 31460561)the Scientific Research Foundation of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education(2017ZZX186)utilization of endophytes and the Thousand Talents Plan,Youth Project of Yunnan Provincesthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31760014)and the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(No.[2017]5788)Thailand Research Fund(TRF)Grant No MRG6080089 for financial research supportThe Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program(PHD60K0147)under Thailand Research Fund,for financial research supports on project entitle"Fungi on limestone outcrops from southern Thailand to lower himalyas"the National Research Council of Thailand(Grant No.61215320023,61215320013)the Thailand Research Fund(Grant No.TRG6180001)for research financial supportthe Thailand Research Fund(RTA 5880006)Chiang Mai University for partially support this research workChina-Thailand Joint Lab on Microbial Biotechnology(Most KY201701011)for financial supportthe Mushroom Research Foundation for research financial support and PhD Fellowships.
文摘This article is the ninth in the series of Fungal Diversity Notes,where 107 taxa distributed in three phyla,nine classes,31 orders and 57 families are described and illustrated.Taxa described in the present study include 12 new genera,74 new species,three new combinations,two reference specimens,a re-circumscription of the epitype,and 15 records of sexualasexual morph connections,new hosts and new geographical distributions.Twelve new genera comprise Brunneofusispora,Brunneomurispora,Liua,Lonicericola,Neoeutypella,Paratrimmatostroma,Parazalerion,Proliferophorum,Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis,Septomelanconiella,Velebitea and Vicosamyces.Seventy-four new species are Agaricus memnonius,A.langensis,Aleurodiscus patagonicus,Amanita flavoalba,A.subtropicana,Amphisphaeria mangrovei,Baorangia major,Bartalinia kunmingensis,Brunneofusispora sinensis,Brunneomurispora lonicerae,Capronia camelliaeyunnanensis,Clavulina thindii,Coniochaeta simbalensis,Conlarium thailandense,Coprinus trigonosporus,Liua muriformis,Cyphellophora filicis,Cytospora ulmicola,Dacrymyces invisibilis,Dictyocheirospora metroxylonis,Distoseptispora thysanolaenae,Emericellopsis koreana,Galiicola baoshanensis,Hygrocybe lucida,Hypoxylon teeravasati,Hyweljonesia indica,Keissleriella caraganae,Lactarius olivaceopallidus,Lactifluus midnapurensis,Lembosia brigadeirensis,Leptosphaeria urticae,Lonicericola hyaloseptispora,Lophiotrema mucilaginosis,Marasmiellus bicoloripes,Marasmius indojasminodorus,Micropeltis phetchaburiensis,Mucor orantomantidis,Murilentithecium lonicerae,Neobambusicola brunnea,Neoeutypella baoshanensis,Neoroussoella heveae,Neosetophoma lonicerae,Ophiobolus malleolus,Parabambusicola thysanolaenae,Paratrimmatostroma kunmingensis,Parazalerion indica,Penicillium dokdoense,Peroneutypa mangrovei,Phaeosphaeria cycadis,Phanerochaete australosanguinea,Plectosphaerella kunmingensis,Plenodomus artemisiae,P.lijiangensis,Proliferophorum thailandicum,Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis kaveriana,Pseudohelicomyces menglunicus,Pseudoplagiostoma mangiferae,Robillarda mangiferae,Roussoella elaeicola,Russula choptae,R.uttarakhandia,Septomelanconiella thailandica,Spencermartinsia acericola,Sphaerellopsis isthmospora,Thozetella lithocarpi,Trechispora echinospora,Tremellochaete atlantica,Trichoderma koreanum,T.pinicola,T.rugulosum,Velebitea chrysotexta,Vicosamyces venturisporus,Wojnowiciella kunmingensis and Zopfiella indica.Three new combinations are Baorangia rufomaculata,Lanmaoa pallidorosea and Wojnowiciella rosicola.The reference specimens of Canalisporium kenyense and Tamsiniella labiosa are designated.The epitype of Sarcopeziza sicula is re-circumscribed based on cyto-and histochemical analyses.The sexual-asexual morph connection of Plenodomus sinensis is reported from ferns and Cirsium for the first time.In addition,the new host records and country records are Amanita altipes,A.melleialba,Amarenomyces dactylidis,Chaetosphaeria panamensis,Coniella vitis,Coprinopsis kubickae,Dothiorella sarmentorum,Leptobacillium leptobactrum var.calidus,Muyocopron lithocarpi,Neoroussoella solani,Periconia cortaderiae,Phragmocamarosporium hederae,Sphaerellopsis paraphysata and Sphaeropsis eucalypticola.
