This study aimed to examine the effects of inoculating Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li leaves with different strains ofpotassium-solubilizing bacteria (KSB), or combinations thereof, focusing on aspects of photosynthes...This study aimed to examine the effects of inoculating Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li leaves with different strains ofpotassium-solubilizing bacteria (KSB), or combinations thereof, focusing on aspects of photosynthesis and physiologicaland biochemical characteristics. At present, some studies have only studied the rhizosphere microbialcommunity characteristics of F. taipaiensis and have not discussed the effects of different microbial species on thegrowth promotion of F. taipaiensis. This paper will start from the perspective of potassium-solubilizing bacteria toconduct an in-depth study. Seed cultivation commenced at the base with three different KSBs in early October2022. The growth of F. taipaiensis leaves was observed after different treatments. Both single-plant and compoundinoculations were executed. A total of eight treatment groups were established, with aseptic fertilizer and sterilizedsoil functioning as the control group. The results reveal that intercellular CO_(2) concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance(Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) were at their apex in the S7 group. Most treatment groups exhibited anincrease in leaf area, photosynthetic pigment content, soluble sugar, soluble protein, Superoxide Dismutase(SOD), Peroxidase (POD), Catalase (CAT) activities, and proline content. The expression levels of POD, SOD,and CAT genes were evaluated, following inoculation with different KSB. The highest was the S7 group. Theinoculation with various KSB, or combinations thereof, appears to bolster the growth and development of F. taipaiensis.The composite inoculation group S7, comprising Bacillus cereus, Burkholderia cepacia, and Bacillus subtilis,manifested the most favorable impact on the diverse indices of F. taipaiensis, thereby furnishing valuableinsights for the selection of bacterial fertilizer in the artificial cultivation of F. taipaiensis.展开更多
Hispidin is a pyranone compound found in edible and medicinal mushrooms of the Phellinus and Inonotus genera.This investigation used fluorescence spectroscopy,UV absorption spectroscopy,and molecular docking to examin...Hispidin is a pyranone compound found in edible and medicinal mushrooms of the Phellinus and Inonotus genera.This investigation used fluorescence spectroscopy,UV absorption spectroscopy,and molecular docking to examine the interaction of hispidin with pepsin.The Stern-Volmer method was used to perform the fluorescence quenching measurements at different temperatures(298 K,303 K,and 310 K).According to the findings,hispidin induced a static quenching mechanism in pepsin that resulted in the creation of a hispidin-pepsin complex with binding constants(Ka)ranging from 9.56×10^(4) to 3.45×10^(5) L mol^(-1).The positive values ofΔH(84.6 kJ mol-1)andΔS(337.9 J mol^(-1) K^(-1))demonstrated that hydrophobic forces contributed to forming the hispidin-pepsin complex.The findings of UV-vis absorption,synchronous fluorescence,and 3D fluorescence spectraspectra demonstrated that hispidin altered the conformation and microenvironment of pepsin.According to the analysis of molecular docking,hispidin got into the pepsin's active cavity.The research clarifies the molecular mechanisms by which hispidin binds to pepsin and helps understand its possible biological activity in vivo.展开更多
Gray blight disease(GBD)causes significant losses in tea production in China.Although genes and biological processes involved in resistance to fungal disease in tea plants have been identified,specific mechanisms of t...Gray blight disease(GBD)causes significant losses in tea production in China.Although genes and biological processes involved in resistance to fungal disease in tea plants have been identified,specific mechanisms of the GBD infection process remain unknown.In this study,morphological and multi-gene(TEF-TUB-ITS)phylogenetic characteristics were used to identify isolate CLBB1 of Pseudopestalotiopsis vietnamensis.Pathogenicity tests confirmed that isolate CLBB1 from tea leaves caused GBD in the susceptible tea cultivar Wuyi Rock(Camellia sinensis var.sinensis cv.Shuixian).Spores began to germinate 24 h after infection(hai),and after 48 h,elongated fungal hyphae formed from a single conidium.Transcriptome analysis revealed that 482,517,and 369 genes were differentially expressed at 24,48,and 72 hai,respectively,in Wuyi Rock tea leaves.Isolate CLBB1 infection elicited phenotype-related responses and activated defense-related pathways,including plant–pathogen interaction,MAPK signaling,and plant hormone signal transduction,suggesting a possible mechanism underlying phenotype-based susceptibility to CLBB1.Thus,a new Ps.vietnamensis strain causing GBD in the tea cultivar‘Shuixian’was discovered in this study.Transcriptome analysis indicated that pathogen invasion activated chitin-related MAPK pathways and that tea plants required a hormone to restrict CLBB1.展开更多
Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)is one of the most advanced sequencing technologies for studying transcriptome landscape at the single-cell revolution.It provides numerous advantages over traditional RNA-seq.Sinc...Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)is one of the most advanced sequencing technologies for studying transcriptome landscape at the single-cell revolution.It provides numerous advantages over traditional RNA-seq.Since it was first used to profile single-cell transcriptome in plants in 2019,it has been extensively employed to perform different research in plants.Recently,scRNA-seq was also quickly adopted by the cotton research community to solve lots of scientific questions which have been never solved.In this comment,we highlighted the significant progress in employing scRNA-seq to cotton genetic and genomic study and its future potential applications.展开更多
Fatty Acyl-ACP thioesterase(FAT)is a key enzyme controlling oil biosynthesis in plant seeds.FATs can be divided into two subfamilies,FATA and FATB according to their amino acid sequences and substrate specificity.The ...Fatty Acyl-ACP thioesterase(FAT)is a key enzyme controlling oil biosynthesis in plant seeds.FATs can be divided into two subfamilies,FATA and FATB according to their amino acid sequences and substrate specificity.The Upland cotton genome contains 20 GhFAT genes,amongst which 6 genes were of the GhFATA subfamily and 14 of the GhFATB subfamily.The 20 GhFAT genes are unevenly distributed on 14 chromosomes.The GhFATA genes have 5 or 7 exons and the GhFATB genes have 6 or 7 exons.All GhFAT proteins have the conserved Acyl-ACP_TE domain and PLN02370 super family,the typical characteristics of plant thioesterases.Analyses of the expression level of GhFATs and the compositions of fatty acid in 5-60 days-post-anthesis seeds showed that the ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids was consistent with the expression profile of GhFATB12,GhFATB3,and GhFATB10;the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acid to polyunsaturated fatty acids was consistent with the expression profile of GhFATA3.The oil contents of mature cottonseeds were positively correlated with the contents of palmitic acid and linolenic acid as well as seed vigor.These results provide essential information for further exploring the role(s)of the specific GhFATs in determining oil biosynthesis and cottonseed compositions.展开更多
Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))has gained widespread attention as a versatile oxidant and a mild disin-fectant.Here,an electrostatic self-assembly method is applied to couple ZnSe quantum dots(QDs)with a flower-like cov...Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))has gained widespread attention as a versatile oxidant and a mild disin-fectant.Here,an electrostatic self-assembly method is applied to couple ZnSe quantum dots(QDs)with a flower-like covalent organic framework(COF)to form a step-scheme(S-scheme)photocata-lyst for H_(2)O_(2)production.The as-prepared S-scheme photocatalyst exhibits a broad light absorption range with an edge at 810 nm owing to the synergistic effect between the ZnSe QDs and COF.The S-scheme charge-carrier transfer mechanism is validated by performing Fermi level calculations and in-situ X-ray photoelectron and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopies.Photolumi-nescence,time-resolved photoluminescence,photocurrent response,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and electron paramagnetic resonance results show that the S-scheme heterojunction not only promotes charge carrier separation but also boosts the redox ability,resulting in enhanced photocatalytic performance.Remarkably,a 10%-ZnSe QD/COF has excellent photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)-production activity,and the optimal S-scheme composite with ethanol as the hole scavenger yields a H_(2)O_(2)-production rate of 1895 mol g^(-1)h^(-1).This study presents an example of a high-performance organic/inorganic S-scheme photocatalyst for H_(2)O_(2)production.展开更多
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the main cause of foodborne gastroenteritis,which is widely distributed in shellfish and other seafood.Most V.parahaemolyticus are nonpathogenic,and only a few types,such as serotype O3:K6,a...Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the main cause of foodborne gastroenteritis,which is widely distributed in shellfish and other seafood.Most V.parahaemolyticus are nonpathogenic,and only a few types,such as serotype O3:K6,are pathogenic,which is also the most prevalent strain in Asia.However,the relationship between this serotype and pathogenicity has yet to be established.The waaf gene is located in the O antigen synthesis gene cluster.Thus,we constructed a waaf gene deletion mutant(i.e.,Δwaaf)of wild-type(WT)which isolated from shellfish serotype O3:K6 via chitin-mediated transformation technology.We then constructed theΔwaaf complementary strain(i.e.,C-△waaf)via the Escherichia coli S17λpir strain by conjugation.The basic physiological characteristics,adhesion to Caco2 cells,and pathogenicity of the WT,△waaf,and C-△waaf strains were compared.Growth curves showed no remarkable differences between the WT andΔwaaf strains.However,theΔwaaf strain non-reactive to O3 antisera and other 12 O-group antisera of V.parahaemolyticus.Moreover,the number of flgella and extracellular polysaccharides decreased,the adhesion decreased,and the pathogenicity weakened.These characteristics of the C-△waaf strain were similar to those of the WT strain These results indicated that the waaf gene is vital to the serotype in V.parahaemolyticus,and changes in O antigen could affect the pathogenicity of this bacterium.This study will be helpful to understand the pathogenic mechanism of V.parahaemolyticus.展开更多
A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of two commercial strains composed of mulple arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)species on plant growth,antioxidant capacity,and medicine quality of Paris polyph...A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of two commercial strains composed of mulple arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)species on plant growth,antioxidant capacity,and medicine quality of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis in three subtropical soils from Wanzhou,Anshun and Baoshan in fields.The results showed that AMF inoculation enhanced the fungal colonization rate and activities of both succinate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase,thereby,enhancing the mycorrhizal viability of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis.The concentrations of photosynthetic pigments(chlorophyll a,b,a+b and carotenoids),soluble sugar,soluble protein and photosynthetic capacity were higher in AMF-inoculated plants than in non-AMF-treated plants in field.AMFtreated plants recorded higher activities of catalase,peroxidase and superoxide dismutase,and caused the reduction in malondialdehyde content,indicating lower oxidative damage,compared with non-AMF plants.Polyphyllin I,Polyphyllin II,Polyphyllin III,Polyphyllin IV and total polyphyllin contents were increased by AMF treatment.In conclusion,AMF improved the plant growth,antioxidant capacity and medicinal quality of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis seedlings.Hereinto,AMF effects on the soil from Wanzhou was relatively greater than on other soils.展开更多
Optomagnetic multifunctional composite based on upconversion luminescence nanomaterial is regarded as a promising strategy for bioimaging,disease diagnosis and targeted delivery of drugs.To explore a mesoporous nanost...Optomagnetic multifunctional composite based on upconversion luminescence nanomaterial is regarded as a promising strategy for bioimaging,disease diagnosis and targeted delivery of drugs.To explore a mesoporous nanostructure with excellent water dispersibility and high drug-loading capacity,a novel nanorattle-structured Fe3O4@SiO2@NaYF4:Yb,Er magnetic upconversion nanorattle(MUCNR)was successfully designed by using Fe3O4 as core and NaYF4:Yb,Er nanocrystals as shell.The microstructures and crystal phase of the as-prepared MUCNRs were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy,Xray powder diffraction and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms.The Kirkendall effect was adapted to explain the formation mechanism of the MUCNRs.The loading content and encapsulation efficiency of doxorubicin hydrochloride(DOX)could reach as high as 18.2%and 60.7%,respectively.Moreover,the DOX loading MUCNR(DOX-MUCNR)system showed excellent sustained drug release and strong p Hdependent performance,which was conducive to drug release at the slightly acidic microenvironment of tumor.Microcalorimetry was used to quantify the interactions between the carrier structure and drug release rate directly.The heat release rates in the heat-flow diagrams are basically consistent with the DOX release rate,thereby showing that microcalorimetry assay not only provides a unique thermodynamic explanation for the structure–activity relationship of Fe3O4@SiO2@NaYF4:Yb,Er MUCNRs but also provides powerful guidance to avoid the blind selection or design of drug carriers.Therefore,our work firmly provided a comprehensive perspective for using Fe3O4@SiO2@NaYF4:Yb,Er MUCNRs as a remarkable magnetic targeted drug carrier.展开更多
The present research was conducted in Line X tester analysis for estimating combining ability and heterotic effects,restorers malesterile(CMS) crossed with seven tester lines 3x7 21 F_1 hybrids of sunflower were furth...The present research was conducted in Line X tester analysis for estimating combining ability and heterotic effects,restorers malesterile(CMS) crossed with seven tester lines 3x7 21 F_1 hybrids of sunflower were further used to estimate their general combining ability(GCS),specific combining ability(SCA) and heterosis effects on main traits of sunflower during 2009.For this study,seven lines of sunflower were tested with three testers 7x3 of sunflower to obtain twenty one F_1 genotypes from Line X tester mating design.It was concluded from present study that among the lines,0505 Cms-6,Peshawer-93 Cms-11,Peshawar-93 Cms-12 were the best general combiners to play the vital role in flowering,maturity,plant height,head diameter,seed index,grain per head and 100-grain yield per plant.While RHP-53,RHP-42,RHP-46 were also the best combiners for all the traits.However,hybrid 54CMS-1 x RHP-42 showed best specific combiners,while Peshawer-93 exhibited good specific combiners for grain yield per plant,the hybrids,plant height,head diameter,seed index,grain per head and grain yield per plant,respectively.Significant differences among the tested sunflower genotypes with regard to mean values of all the investigated traits were determined.The analysis of variance of combining abilities and the analysis of genetic variance components confirmed the non-additive component.展开更多
Constructing of heterojunction was identified as a feasible way to improve photocatalytic activity of pho-tocatalyst.In this work,a n-p type Bi_(2)WO_(6)/AgInS_(2)S-scheme heterojunction was successfully prepared for ...Constructing of heterojunction was identified as a feasible way to improve photocatalytic activity of pho-tocatalyst.In this work,a n-p type Bi_(2)WO_(6)/AgInS_(2)S-scheme heterojunction was successfully prepared for organic pollutants degradation.This Bi_(2)WO_(6)/AgInS_(2)S-scheme heterojunction exhibited much higher pho-tocatalytic activity towards Rhodamine B(92.24%,expose to visible light for 60 min),norfloxacin(81.73%,expose to visible light for 90 min)and levofloxacin(87.46%,expose to visible light for 90 min)than pure Bi_(2)WO_(6)and pure AgInS_(2).Toxicity analysis indicated the low environmental toxicity of Rhodamine B degradation intermediates for Rye seeds and Sudangrass seeds germination and growth.Mechanism study displayed that AgInS_(2)and Bi_(2)WO_(6)work as the primary photocatalyst to form·O_(2)−and ·OH,respectively.The improved photocatalytic activity of the Bi_(2)WO_(6)/AgInS_(2)S-scheme heterojunction was due to the im-proved light response range and intensified carrier separation capability.Additionally,a S-scheme charge transfer mechanism including multiple charge transfer channels was proposed.This work could provide an effective strategy for organic pollutants degradation in wastewater.展开更多
Increasing soil salinization has led to severe reductions in plant yield and quality,and investigating the mo-lecular mechanism of salt stress response is therefore an urgent priority.In this study,we systematically a...Increasing soil salinization has led to severe reductions in plant yield and quality,and investigating the mo-lecular mechanism of salt stress response is therefore an urgent priority.In this study,we systematically analyzed the response of cotton roots to salt stress using single-cell transcriptomics technology;56281 high-quality cells were obtained from 5-day-old lateral root tips of Gossypium arboreum under natural growth conditions and different salt treatments.Ten cell types with an array of novel marker genes were identified and confirmed by in situ RNA hybridization,and pseudotime analysis of some specific cell types revealed their potential differentiation trajectories.Prominent changes in cell numbers under salt stress were observed for outer epidermal and inner endodermal cells,which were significantly enriched in response to stress,amide biosynthetic process,glutathione metabolism,and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis.Analysis of differentially expressed genes identified in multiple comparisons revealed other functional ag-gregations concentrated on plant-type primary cell wall biogenesis,defense response,phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,and metabolic pathways.Some candidate differentially expressed genes encoding transcrip-tion factors or associated with plant hormones also responsive to salt stress were identified,and the func-tion of Ga03G2153,annotated as auxin-responsive GH3.6,was confirmed by virus-induced gene silencing.The GaGH3.6-silenced plants showed a severe stress-susceptible phenotype,and physiological and biochemical measurements indicated that they suffered more significant oxidative damage.These results suggest that GaGH3.6 might participate in cotton salt tolerance by regulating redox processes.We thus construct a transcriptional atlas of salt-stressed cotton roots at single-cell resolution,enabling us to explore cellular heterogeneity and differentiation trajectories and providing valuable insights into the mo-lecular mechanisms that underlie plant stress tolerance.展开更多
The production of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione(AD)by the steroidal microbial cell factory requires transcription factors(TFs)to participate in metabolic regulation.However,microbial cell factory lacks effective TFs that c...The production of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione(AD)by the steroidal microbial cell factory requires transcription factors(TFs)to participate in metabolic regulation.However,microbial cell factory lacks effective TFs that can respond to AD in its metabolic pathway.Additionally,finding and obtaining natural TFs that specifically respond to AD is a complex and onerous task.In this study,we devised an artificial TF that responds to AD,termed AdT,based on structure-guided molecular dynamics(MD)simulation.According to MD analysis of the conformational changes of AdT after binding to AD,an LBD in which the N-and C-termini exhibited convergence tendencies was used as a microswitch to guide the assembly of a DNA-binding domain lexA,a linker(GGGGS)2,and a transcription activation domain B42 into an artificial TF.As a proof of design,a AD biosensor was designed and constructed in yeast on the basis of the ligand-binding domain(LBD)of hormone receptor.In addition,the transcription factor activity of AdT was increased by 1.44-fold for its variant F320Y.Overall,we created non-natural TF elements for AD microbial cell factory,and expected that the design TF strategy will be applied to running in parallel to the signaling machinery of the host cell.展开更多
Abiotic stress,including flooding,seriously affects the normal growth and development of plants.Mulberry(Morus alba),a species known for its flood resistance,is cultivated worldwide for economic purposes.The transcrip...Abiotic stress,including flooding,seriously affects the normal growth and development of plants.Mulberry(Morus alba),a species known for its flood resistance,is cultivated worldwide for economic purposes.The transcriptomic analysis has identified numerous differentially expressed genes(DEGs)involved in submergence tolerance in mulberry plants.However,a comprehensive analyses of metabolite types and changes under flooding stress in mulberry remain unreported.A non-targeted metabolomic analysis utilizing liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)was conducted to further investigate the effects of flooding stress on mulberry.A total of 1,169 metabolites were identified,with 331 differentially accumulated metabolites(DAMs)exhibiting up-regulation in response to flooding stress and 314 displaying down-regulation.Pathway enrichment analysis identified significant modifications in many metabolic pathways due to flooding stress,including amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis.DAMs and DEGs are significantly enriched in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathways for amino acid,phenylpropanoid and flavonoid synthesis.Furthermore,metabolites such as methyl jasmonate,sucrose,and D-mannose 6-phosphate accumulated in mulberry leaves post-flooding stress.Therefore,genes and metabolites associated with these KEGG pathways are likely to exert a significant influence on mulberry flood tolerance.This study makes a substantial contribution to the comprehension of the underlying mechanisms implicated in the adaptation of mulberry plants to submergence.展开更多
Background:Melanoma is a deadly skin tumor resulting from the malignant transformation of melanocytes.It is highly malignant and invasive,with the highest mortality rate among skin cancers.Acalypha australis L.(AAL),a...Background:Melanoma is a deadly skin tumor resulting from the malignant transformation of melanocytes.It is highly malignant and invasive,with the highest mortality rate among skin cancers.Acalypha australis L.(AAL),a plant with dual medicinal and culinary purposes,is commonly regarded as an edible wild vegetable in southern China.Additionally,AAL has a long history of medicinal use in China,often employed for its hemostatic,anti-diarrheal,and anti-inflammatory properties.Modern pharmacology has demonstrated that AAL possesses functions such as weight loss,antimicrobial activity,antiviral effects,and treatment for ulcerative colitis.However,there is currently no research available regarding its effectiveness and mechanisms of action on melanoma.Methods:In this investigation,we used methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay to detect cell viability,transwell assay to detect cell migration and invasion ability,and Western blot assay to detect relevant signaling pathways.Results:The present study reveals that 2 mg/mL AAL effectively suppresses the metastasis of B16 cells,while simultaneously triggering the expression of key apoptosis-related proteins,including Bcl-2,Bax,and cleaved caspased 3.Subsequent investigations demonstrate that AAL exerts this inhibitory effect via the PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway,as evidenced by the observed deficits in Ras,AKT,p-AKT,and PI3K expression levels.Conclusion:These findings indicated that AAL could be a valuable therapeutic option for reducing the metastatic potential of B16 melanoma cells.展开更多
The changes of tissue appearances and structures in the process of UV-induced ＂melting＂ for sea cucumber （Stichopus japonicus） body wall were studied. And the localization and determination of acid phosphatase （...The changes of tissue appearances and structures in the process of UV-induced ＂melting＂ for sea cucumber （Stichopus japonicus） body wall were studied. And the localization and determination of acid phosphatase （ACP）, Cathepsin B and Cathepsin L activities were also investigated. The results show that the connective tissue was damaged with many hollows emerging and the regular collagen bundles were broken apart into irregular fragments. Margination of condensed chromatin at the nuclear membrane was observed. Both Golgi＇s body and endoplasmic reticulure swelled, curled, and eventually double- or multi-lamellar vesicles were formed. A number of autophagic vesicles distributed in all through the whole cytoplasm. ACP becomes more active after UV irradiation. The activities of cathepsin B and cathepsin L increased in UV-treated sea cucumbers and both achieved their maximum under certain conditions, It indicates that autophagy plays a potential role in the ＂melting＂ process for sea cucumber body wall induced by UV irradiation.展开更多
Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant,in which polyphyllin as the main medicinal component is an important secondary metabolite with bioactivity.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)hav...Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant,in which polyphyllin as the main medicinal component is an important secondary metabolite with bioactivity.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)have multiple positive effects on plants,while it is not clear whether AMF increase the content of medicinal components in medicinal plants.In this study,a total of nine AMF treatments were laid to analyze the mycorrhizal effect on polyphyllin accumulation and PpHMGR and PpSE expression of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis.AMF increased the content of polyphyllin in the cultivated variety with low relation to the increase of inoculation intensity.Polyphyllin I,II,and VII were identified and partly improved by AMF inoculation,dependent on AMF treatments and culture environments.Similarly,the PpHMGR and PpSE expression was induced by mycorrhization,dependent on AMF species,whilst the induction was more obvious in PpSE than in PpHMGR after mycorrhization.It concluded that the symbiotic relationship between P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis and AMF increased polyphyllin content level in the plant,which was associated with the up-regulation of PpSE transcripts.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to confirm the existence of anthocyanins in pitaya(Hylocereus undatus)pericarp and optimize the extraction condition.[Methods]Single-factor tests were carried out on five factors:e...[Objectives]This study was conducted to confirm the existence of anthocyanins in pitaya(Hylocereus undatus)pericarp and optimize the extraction condition.[Methods]Single-factor tests were carried out on five factors:ethanol concentration,extraction temperature,ultrasonic power,solid-to-liquid ratio and extraction time.Based on the single-factor test results,four factors and three levels of process conditions were optimized by Box-Behnken design test.[Results]Anthocyanins exist in the pericarp of pitaya,and the optimum conditions were extraction temperature 49℃,ultrasonic power 120 W,extracted time 2 h and ethanol concentration 60%.Under these conditions,the average yield of anthocyanins was 80 mg/100g.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the extraction of anthocyanins from the pericarp of red-flesh pitaya.展开更多
Background:Cotton is the world’s largest and most important source of renewable natural fiber.BEL1-like homeodomain(BLH)genes are ubiquitous in plants and have been reported to contribute to plant development.However...Background:Cotton is the world’s largest and most important source of renewable natural fiber.BEL1-like homeodomain(BLH)genes are ubiquitous in plants and have been reported to contribute to plant development.However,there is no comprehensive characterization of this gene family in cotton.In this study,32,16,and 18 BLH genes were identified from the G.hirsutum,G.arboreum,and G.raimondii genome,respectively.In addition,we also studied the phylogenetic relationships,chromosomal location,gene structure,and gene expression patterns of the BLH genes.Results:The results indicated that these BLH proteins were divided into seven distinct groups by phylogenetic analysis.Among them,25 members were assigned to 15 chromosomes.Furthermore,gene structure,chromosomal location,conserved motifs,and expression level of BLH genes were investigated in G.hirsutum.Expression profiles analysis showed that four genes(GhBLH1_3,GhBLH1_4,GhBLH1_5,and GhBLH1_6)from BLH1 subfamily were highly expressed during the fiber cell elongation period.The expression levels of these genes were significantly induced by gibberellic acid and brassinosteroid,but not auxin.Exogenous application of gibberellic acid significantly enhanced GhBLH1_3,GhBLH1_4,and GhBLH1_5 transcripts.Expression levels of GhBLH1_3 and GhBLH1_4 genes were significantly increased under brassinosteroid treatment.Conclusions:The BLH gene family plays a very important role in many biological processes during plant growth and development.This study deepens our understanding of the role of the GhBLH1 gene involved in fiber development and will help us in breeding better cotton varieties in the future.展开更多
Collard variety( Brassis oleracea L. var. acephala f. tricolor Hort.) as a research material was treated with exogenous H_2O_2 and H_2O_2 scavenger dimethyl thiourea under 100 mmol/L NaC l stress. Two days later,growt...Collard variety( Brassis oleracea L. var. acephala f. tricolor Hort.) as a research material was treated with exogenous H_2O_2 and H_2O_2 scavenger dimethyl thiourea under 100 mmol/L NaC l stress. Two days later,growth rate,dry weight,fresh weight and relative water content of the plants were determined. After 6h of treatment,the activity and gene expression of three antioxidant enzymes,superoxide dismutase( SOD),catalase( CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase( APX) in plants,were measured. The results showed that the growth rate,dry weight,fresh weight,relative water content,and the activity and gene expression of the three antioxidant enzymes in collard seedlings were higher in the treatment of salt stress with the addition of 0. 05 mmol/L exogenous H_2O_2 than in the simple salt stress treatment; and when endogenous H_2O_2 was removed,the growth rate,dry weight,fresh weight,relative water content,and the activity and gene expression of the three antioxidant enzymes in plant seedlings were lower than those under simple salt stress. It is speculated that under salt stress,H_2O_2 is involved in the regulation of antioxidant defense gene expression,and it might be an important regulator of salt-induced antioxidant system in collard leaves.展开更多
基金a Key Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Education Committee(KJZD-K202101201).
文摘This study aimed to examine the effects of inoculating Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li leaves with different strains ofpotassium-solubilizing bacteria (KSB), or combinations thereof, focusing on aspects of photosynthesis and physiologicaland biochemical characteristics. At present, some studies have only studied the rhizosphere microbialcommunity characteristics of F. taipaiensis and have not discussed the effects of different microbial species on thegrowth promotion of F. taipaiensis. This paper will start from the perspective of potassium-solubilizing bacteria toconduct an in-depth study. Seed cultivation commenced at the base with three different KSBs in early October2022. The growth of F. taipaiensis leaves was observed after different treatments. Both single-plant and compoundinoculations were executed. A total of eight treatment groups were established, with aseptic fertilizer and sterilizedsoil functioning as the control group. The results reveal that intercellular CO_(2) concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance(Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) were at their apex in the S7 group. Most treatment groups exhibited anincrease in leaf area, photosynthetic pigment content, soluble sugar, soluble protein, Superoxide Dismutase(SOD), Peroxidase (POD), Catalase (CAT) activities, and proline content. The expression levels of POD, SOD,and CAT genes were evaluated, following inoculation with different KSB. The highest was the S7 group. Theinoculation with various KSB, or combinations thereof, appears to bolster the growth and development of F. taipaiensis.The composite inoculation group S7, comprising Bacillus cereus, Burkholderia cepacia, and Bacillus subtilis,manifested the most favorable impact on the diverse indices of F. taipaiensis, thereby furnishing valuableinsights for the selection of bacterial fertilizer in the artificial cultivation of F. taipaiensis.
基金This work was financially assisted by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2021A1515010615,2022A1515012520)Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Province(2021S0052,2022DZXHT015,2023S003040,2023S002024,2022S035)Projects of Talents Recruitment of GDUPT(519030).
文摘Hispidin is a pyranone compound found in edible and medicinal mushrooms of the Phellinus and Inonotus genera.This investigation used fluorescence spectroscopy,UV absorption spectroscopy,and molecular docking to examine the interaction of hispidin with pepsin.The Stern-Volmer method was used to perform the fluorescence quenching measurements at different temperatures(298 K,303 K,and 310 K).According to the findings,hispidin induced a static quenching mechanism in pepsin that resulted in the creation of a hispidin-pepsin complex with binding constants(Ka)ranging from 9.56×10^(4) to 3.45×10^(5) L mol^(-1).The positive values ofΔH(84.6 kJ mol-1)andΔS(337.9 J mol^(-1) K^(-1))demonstrated that hydrophobic forces contributed to forming the hispidin-pepsin complex.The findings of UV-vis absorption,synchronous fluorescence,and 3D fluorescence spectraspectra demonstrated that hispidin altered the conformation and microenvironment of pepsin.According to the analysis of molecular docking,hispidin got into the pepsin's active cavity.The research clarifies the molecular mechanisms by which hispidin binds to pepsin and helps understand its possible biological activity in vivo.
基金supported by the Central Special Project for Fujian Local Science and Technology Development(2020L3025)the Fujian Natural Science Foundation(2020J01410)+4 种基金a Fujian Education and Scientific Research Project(JAT190789)the Talent-Recruiting Program of Wuyi University(YJ201503)the Open Fund of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology(WYKF2019-2)a Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Project(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0322)the Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJQN202101246).
文摘Gray blight disease(GBD)causes significant losses in tea production in China.Although genes and biological processes involved in resistance to fungal disease in tea plants have been identified,specific mechanisms of the GBD infection process remain unknown.In this study,morphological and multi-gene(TEF-TUB-ITS)phylogenetic characteristics were used to identify isolate CLBB1 of Pseudopestalotiopsis vietnamensis.Pathogenicity tests confirmed that isolate CLBB1 from tea leaves caused GBD in the susceptible tea cultivar Wuyi Rock(Camellia sinensis var.sinensis cv.Shuixian).Spores began to germinate 24 h after infection(hai),and after 48 h,elongated fungal hyphae formed from a single conidium.Transcriptome analysis revealed that 482,517,and 369 genes were differentially expressed at 24,48,and 72 hai,respectively,in Wuyi Rock tea leaves.Isolate CLBB1 infection elicited phenotype-related responses and activated defense-related pathways,including plant–pathogen interaction,MAPK signaling,and plant hormone signal transduction,suggesting a possible mechanism underlying phenotype-based susceptibility to CLBB1.Thus,a new Ps.vietnamensis strain causing GBD in the tea cultivar‘Shuixian’was discovered in this study.Transcriptome analysis indicated that pathogen invasion activated chitin-related MAPK pathways and that tea plants required a hormone to restrict CLBB1.
文摘Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)is one of the most advanced sequencing technologies for studying transcriptome landscape at the single-cell revolution.It provides numerous advantages over traditional RNA-seq.Since it was first used to profile single-cell transcriptome in plants in 2019,it has been extensively employed to perform different research in plants.Recently,scRNA-seq was also quickly adopted by the cotton research community to solve lots of scientific questions which have been never solved.In this comment,we highlighted the significant progress in employing scRNA-seq to cotton genetic and genomic study and its future potential applications.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[31960369]the Project for Crops Breeding of Shihezi University[YZZX201803]。
文摘Fatty Acyl-ACP thioesterase(FAT)is a key enzyme controlling oil biosynthesis in plant seeds.FATs can be divided into two subfamilies,FATA and FATB according to their amino acid sequences and substrate specificity.The Upland cotton genome contains 20 GhFAT genes,amongst which 6 genes were of the GhFATA subfamily and 14 of the GhFATB subfamily.The 20 GhFAT genes are unevenly distributed on 14 chromosomes.The GhFATA genes have 5 or 7 exons and the GhFATB genes have 6 or 7 exons.All GhFAT proteins have the conserved Acyl-ACP_TE domain and PLN02370 super family,the typical characteristics of plant thioesterases.Analyses of the expression level of GhFATs and the compositions of fatty acid in 5-60 days-post-anthesis seeds showed that the ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids was consistent with the expression profile of GhFATB12,GhFATB3,and GhFATB10;the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acid to polyunsaturated fatty acids was consistent with the expression profile of GhFATA3.The oil contents of mature cottonseeds were positively correlated with the contents of palmitic acid and linolenic acid as well as seed vigor.These results provide essential information for further exploring the role(s)of the specific GhFATs in determining oil biosynthesis and cottonseed compositions.
文摘Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))has gained widespread attention as a versatile oxidant and a mild disin-fectant.Here,an electrostatic self-assembly method is applied to couple ZnSe quantum dots(QDs)with a flower-like covalent organic framework(COF)to form a step-scheme(S-scheme)photocata-lyst for H_(2)O_(2)production.The as-prepared S-scheme photocatalyst exhibits a broad light absorption range with an edge at 810 nm owing to the synergistic effect between the ZnSe QDs and COF.The S-scheme charge-carrier transfer mechanism is validated by performing Fermi level calculations and in-situ X-ray photoelectron and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopies.Photolumi-nescence,time-resolved photoluminescence,photocurrent response,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and electron paramagnetic resonance results show that the S-scheme heterojunction not only promotes charge carrier separation but also boosts the redox ability,resulting in enhanced photocatalytic performance.Remarkably,a 10%-ZnSe QD/COF has excellent photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)-production activity,and the optimal S-scheme composite with ethanol as the hole scavenger yields a H_(2)O_(2)-production rate of 1895 mol g^(-1)h^(-1).This study presents an example of a high-performance organic/inorganic S-scheme photocatalyst for H_(2)O_(2)production.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(cstc2020jcyj-msxm X0685)the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJQN202001231)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.31201372)Science and Technology Project of Wanzhou in 2020。
文摘Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the main cause of foodborne gastroenteritis,which is widely distributed in shellfish and other seafood.Most V.parahaemolyticus are nonpathogenic,and only a few types,such as serotype O3:K6,are pathogenic,which is also the most prevalent strain in Asia.However,the relationship between this serotype and pathogenicity has yet to be established.The waaf gene is located in the O antigen synthesis gene cluster.Thus,we constructed a waaf gene deletion mutant(i.e.,Δwaaf)of wild-type(WT)which isolated from shellfish serotype O3:K6 via chitin-mediated transformation technology.We then constructed theΔwaaf complementary strain(i.e.,C-△waaf)via the Escherichia coli S17λpir strain by conjugation.The basic physiological characteristics,adhesion to Caco2 cells,and pathogenicity of the WT,△waaf,and C-△waaf strains were compared.Growth curves showed no remarkable differences between the WT andΔwaaf strains.However,theΔwaaf strain non-reactive to O3 antisera and other 12 O-group antisera of V.parahaemolyticus.Moreover,the number of flgella and extracellular polysaccharides decreased,the adhesion decreased,and the pathogenicity weakened.These characteristics of the C-△waaf strain were similar to those of the WT strain These results indicated that the waaf gene is vital to the serotype in V.parahaemolyticus,and changes in O antigen could affect the pathogenicity of this bacterium.This study will be helpful to understand the pathogenic mechanism of V.parahaemolyticus.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81260622)Applied Basic Research Program of Yunnan Province(2011FB081)Scientific Research Fund Key Project of Yunnan Province(2012Z119).
文摘A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of two commercial strains composed of mulple arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)species on plant growth,antioxidant capacity,and medicine quality of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis in three subtropical soils from Wanzhou,Anshun and Baoshan in fields.The results showed that AMF inoculation enhanced the fungal colonization rate and activities of both succinate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase,thereby,enhancing the mycorrhizal viability of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis.The concentrations of photosynthetic pigments(chlorophyll a,b,a+b and carotenoids),soluble sugar,soluble protein and photosynthetic capacity were higher in AMF-inoculated plants than in non-AMF-treated plants in field.AMFtreated plants recorded higher activities of catalase,peroxidase and superoxide dismutase,and caused the reduction in malondialdehyde content,indicating lower oxidative damage,compared with non-AMF plants.Polyphyllin I,Polyphyllin II,Polyphyllin III,Polyphyllin IV and total polyphyllin contents were increased by AMF treatment.In conclusion,AMF improved the plant growth,antioxidant capacity and medicinal quality of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis seedlings.Hereinto,AMF effects on the soil from Wanzhou was relatively greater than on other soils.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Plan of Shaanxi Province(2020GY-313)the Specialized Research Fund of Education Department of Shaanxi Province(19JK0255)+1 种基金the Specialized Scientific Research Fund Projects of Academician Shengyong Zhang(18YSZX001)the Science and Technology Innovation Team of Shangluo University(20SCX02)。
文摘Optomagnetic multifunctional composite based on upconversion luminescence nanomaterial is regarded as a promising strategy for bioimaging,disease diagnosis and targeted delivery of drugs.To explore a mesoporous nanostructure with excellent water dispersibility and high drug-loading capacity,a novel nanorattle-structured Fe3O4@SiO2@NaYF4:Yb,Er magnetic upconversion nanorattle(MUCNR)was successfully designed by using Fe3O4 as core and NaYF4:Yb,Er nanocrystals as shell.The microstructures and crystal phase of the as-prepared MUCNRs were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy,Xray powder diffraction and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms.The Kirkendall effect was adapted to explain the formation mechanism of the MUCNRs.The loading content and encapsulation efficiency of doxorubicin hydrochloride(DOX)could reach as high as 18.2%and 60.7%,respectively.Moreover,the DOX loading MUCNR(DOX-MUCNR)system showed excellent sustained drug release and strong p Hdependent performance,which was conducive to drug release at the slightly acidic microenvironment of tumor.Microcalorimetry was used to quantify the interactions between the carrier structure and drug release rate directly.The heat release rates in the heat-flow diagrams are basically consistent with the DOX release rate,thereby showing that microcalorimetry assay not only provides a unique thermodynamic explanation for the structure–activity relationship of Fe3O4@SiO2@NaYF4:Yb,Er MUCNRs but also provides powerful guidance to avoid the blind selection or design of drug carriers.Therefore,our work firmly provided a comprehensive perspective for using Fe3O4@SiO2@NaYF4:Yb,Er MUCNRs as a remarkable magnetic targeted drug carrier.
文摘The present research was conducted in Line X tester analysis for estimating combining ability and heterotic effects,restorers malesterile(CMS) crossed with seven tester lines 3x7 21 F_1 hybrids of sunflower were further used to estimate their general combining ability(GCS),specific combining ability(SCA) and heterosis effects on main traits of sunflower during 2009.For this study,seven lines of sunflower were tested with three testers 7x3 of sunflower to obtain twenty one F_1 genotypes from Line X tester mating design.It was concluded from present study that among the lines,0505 Cms-6,Peshawer-93 Cms-11,Peshawar-93 Cms-12 were the best general combiners to play the vital role in flowering,maturity,plant height,head diameter,seed index,grain per head and 100-grain yield per plant.While RHP-53,RHP-42,RHP-46 were also the best combiners for all the traits.However,hybrid 54CMS-1 x RHP-42 showed best specific combiners,while Peshawer-93 exhibited good specific combiners for grain yield per plant,the hybrids,plant height,head diameter,seed index,grain per head and grain yield per plant,respectively.Significant differences among the tested sunflower genotypes with regard to mean values of all the investigated traits were determined.The analysis of variance of combining abilities and the analysis of genetic variance components confirmed the non-additive component.
基金supported by the Specialized Research Fund of Education Department of Shaanxi Province(No.22JY015)the College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Plan Training Program(No.S202211396006).
文摘Constructing of heterojunction was identified as a feasible way to improve photocatalytic activity of pho-tocatalyst.In this work,a n-p type Bi_(2)WO_(6)/AgInS_(2)S-scheme heterojunction was successfully prepared for organic pollutants degradation.This Bi_(2)WO_(6)/AgInS_(2)S-scheme heterojunction exhibited much higher pho-tocatalytic activity towards Rhodamine B(92.24%,expose to visible light for 60 min),norfloxacin(81.73%,expose to visible light for 90 min)and levofloxacin(87.46%,expose to visible light for 90 min)than pure Bi_(2)WO_(6)and pure AgInS_(2).Toxicity analysis indicated the low environmental toxicity of Rhodamine B degradation intermediates for Rye seeds and Sudangrass seeds germination and growth.Mechanism study displayed that AgInS_(2)and Bi_(2)WO_(6)work as the primary photocatalyst to form·O_(2)−and ·OH,respectively.The improved photocatalytic activity of the Bi_(2)WO_(6)/AgInS_(2)S-scheme heterojunction was due to the im-proved light response range and intensified carrier separation capability.Additionally,a S-scheme charge transfer mechanism including multiple charge transfer channels was proposed.This work could provide an effective strategy for organic pollutants degradation in wastewater.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31471548,32272179,and 31801404)the Central Plains Science and Technology Innovation Leader Project (214200510029)+4 种基金the Program for Innovative Research Team (in Science and Technology)in University of Henan Province (20IRTSTHN021)the Science and Technology Development Project of Anyang City (2022C01NY001 and 2022C01NY003)the Doctoral and Postdoctoral Research Fund of Anyang Institute of Technology (BSJ2019014 and BHJ2020002)the Key Scientific Research Project of Henan Higher Education Institutions of China (20A210006)the Zhongyuan Scholars Workstation (224400510020).
文摘Increasing soil salinization has led to severe reductions in plant yield and quality,and investigating the mo-lecular mechanism of salt stress response is therefore an urgent priority.In this study,we systematically analyzed the response of cotton roots to salt stress using single-cell transcriptomics technology;56281 high-quality cells were obtained from 5-day-old lateral root tips of Gossypium arboreum under natural growth conditions and different salt treatments.Ten cell types with an array of novel marker genes were identified and confirmed by in situ RNA hybridization,and pseudotime analysis of some specific cell types revealed their potential differentiation trajectories.Prominent changes in cell numbers under salt stress were observed for outer epidermal and inner endodermal cells,which were significantly enriched in response to stress,amide biosynthetic process,glutathione metabolism,and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis.Analysis of differentially expressed genes identified in multiple comparisons revealed other functional ag-gregations concentrated on plant-type primary cell wall biogenesis,defense response,phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,and metabolic pathways.Some candidate differentially expressed genes encoding transcrip-tion factors or associated with plant hormones also responsive to salt stress were identified,and the func-tion of Ga03G2153,annotated as auxin-responsive GH3.6,was confirmed by virus-induced gene silencing.The GaGH3.6-silenced plants showed a severe stress-susceptible phenotype,and physiological and biochemical measurements indicated that they suffered more significant oxidative damage.These results suggest that GaGH3.6 might participate in cotton salt tolerance by regulating redox processes.We thus construct a transcriptional atlas of salt-stressed cotton roots at single-cell resolution,enabling us to explore cellular heterogeneity and differentiation trajectories and providing valuable insights into the mo-lecular mechanisms that underlie plant stress tolerance.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Anhui Province,China(Grant No.2022AH050971)Key R&D and Achievement Transformation Projects(2023yf096)the Scientific Research Start-up Fund for Talents of Anhui Polytechnic University(2022YQQ064).
文摘The production of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione(AD)by the steroidal microbial cell factory requires transcription factors(TFs)to participate in metabolic regulation.However,microbial cell factory lacks effective TFs that can respond to AD in its metabolic pathway.Additionally,finding and obtaining natural TFs that specifically respond to AD is a complex and onerous task.In this study,we devised an artificial TF that responds to AD,termed AdT,based on structure-guided molecular dynamics(MD)simulation.According to MD analysis of the conformational changes of AdT after binding to AD,an LBD in which the N-and C-termini exhibited convergence tendencies was used as a microswitch to guide the assembly of a DNA-binding domain lexA,a linker(GGGGS)2,and a transcription activation domain B42 into an artificial TF.As a proof of design,a AD biosensor was designed and constructed in yeast on the basis of the ligand-binding domain(LBD)of hormone receptor.In addition,the transcription factor activity of AdT was increased by 1.44-fold for its variant F320Y.Overall,we created non-natural TF elements for AD microbial cell factory,and expected that the design TF strategy will be applied to running in parallel to the signaling machinery of the host cell.
基金The funding for this research was provided by the General Program of Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(No.cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0073)Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(Nos.KJQN202001209,KJZD-K202301206)Chongqing Graduate Research Innovation Project(CYS22698).
文摘Abiotic stress,including flooding,seriously affects the normal growth and development of plants.Mulberry(Morus alba),a species known for its flood resistance,is cultivated worldwide for economic purposes.The transcriptomic analysis has identified numerous differentially expressed genes(DEGs)involved in submergence tolerance in mulberry plants.However,a comprehensive analyses of metabolite types and changes under flooding stress in mulberry remain unreported.A non-targeted metabolomic analysis utilizing liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)was conducted to further investigate the effects of flooding stress on mulberry.A total of 1,169 metabolites were identified,with 331 differentially accumulated metabolites(DAMs)exhibiting up-regulation in response to flooding stress and 314 displaying down-regulation.Pathway enrichment analysis identified significant modifications in many metabolic pathways due to flooding stress,including amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis.DAMs and DEGs are significantly enriched in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathways for amino acid,phenylpropanoid and flavonoid synthesis.Furthermore,metabolites such as methyl jasmonate,sucrose,and D-mannose 6-phosphate accumulated in mulberry leaves post-flooding stress.Therefore,genes and metabolites associated with these KEGG pathways are likely to exert a significant influence on mulberry flood tolerance.This study makes a substantial contribution to the comprehension of the underlying mechanisms implicated in the adaptation of mulberry plants to submergence.
基金This work was supported by the Hunan Education Department Project(NO.20A390)National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(S202010548007).
文摘Background:Melanoma is a deadly skin tumor resulting from the malignant transformation of melanocytes.It is highly malignant and invasive,with the highest mortality rate among skin cancers.Acalypha australis L.(AAL),a plant with dual medicinal and culinary purposes,is commonly regarded as an edible wild vegetable in southern China.Additionally,AAL has a long history of medicinal use in China,often employed for its hemostatic,anti-diarrheal,and anti-inflammatory properties.Modern pharmacology has demonstrated that AAL possesses functions such as weight loss,antimicrobial activity,antiviral effects,and treatment for ulcerative colitis.However,there is currently no research available regarding its effectiveness and mechanisms of action on melanoma.Methods:In this investigation,we used methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay to detect cell viability,transwell assay to detect cell migration and invasion ability,and Western blot assay to detect relevant signaling pathways.Results:The present study reveals that 2 mg/mL AAL effectively suppresses the metastasis of B16 cells,while simultaneously triggering the expression of key apoptosis-related proteins,including Bcl-2,Bax,and cleaved caspased 3.Subsequent investigations demonstrate that AAL exerts this inhibitory effect via the PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway,as evidenced by the observed deficits in Ras,AKT,p-AKT,and PI3K expression levels.Conclusion:These findings indicated that AAL could be a valuable therapeutic option for reducing the metastatic potential of B16 melanoma cells.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30571449)the National Basic Research Program of China (2006CB708210)the Chinese International Corporation Project (2006DFA32580)
文摘The changes of tissue appearances and structures in the process of UV-induced ＂melting＂ for sea cucumber （Stichopus japonicus） body wall were studied. And the localization and determination of acid phosphatase （ACP）, Cathepsin B and Cathepsin L activities were also investigated. The results show that the connective tissue was damaged with many hollows emerging and the regular collagen bundles were broken apart into irregular fragments. Margination of condensed chromatin at the nuclear membrane was observed. Both Golgi＇s body and endoplasmic reticulure swelled, curled, and eventually double- or multi-lamellar vesicles were formed. A number of autophagic vesicles distributed in all through the whole cytoplasm. ACP becomes more active after UV irradiation. The activities of cathepsin B and cathepsin L increased in UV-treated sea cucumbers and both achieved their maximum under certain conditions, It indicates that autophagy plays a potential role in the ＂melting＂ process for sea cucumber body wall induced by UV irradiation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81260622)Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Project(cstc2018jcyjAX0267).
文摘Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant,in which polyphyllin as the main medicinal component is an important secondary metabolite with bioactivity.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)have multiple positive effects on plants,while it is not clear whether AMF increase the content of medicinal components in medicinal plants.In this study,a total of nine AMF treatments were laid to analyze the mycorrhizal effect on polyphyllin accumulation and PpHMGR and PpSE expression of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis.AMF increased the content of polyphyllin in the cultivated variety with low relation to the increase of inoculation intensity.Polyphyllin I,II,and VII were identified and partly improved by AMF inoculation,dependent on AMF treatments and culture environments.Similarly,the PpHMGR and PpSE expression was induced by mycorrhization,dependent on AMF species,whilst the induction was more obvious in PpSE than in PpHMGR after mycorrhization.It concluded that the symbiotic relationship between P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis and AMF increased polyphyllin content level in the plant,which was associated with the up-regulation of PpSE transcripts.
基金Supported by Food Science Innovation Team Project of Guangdong Colleges and Universities(2016KCXTD020)Guangdong Science and Technology Planning Project(2014B090908007).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to confirm the existence of anthocyanins in pitaya(Hylocereus undatus)pericarp and optimize the extraction condition.[Methods]Single-factor tests were carried out on five factors:ethanol concentration,extraction temperature,ultrasonic power,solid-to-liquid ratio and extraction time.Based on the single-factor test results,four factors and three levels of process conditions were optimized by Box-Behnken design test.[Results]Anthocyanins exist in the pericarp of pitaya,and the optimum conditions were extraction temperature 49℃,ultrasonic power 120 W,extracted time 2 h and ethanol concentration 60%.Under these conditions,the average yield of anthocyanins was 80 mg/100g.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the extraction of anthocyanins from the pericarp of red-flesh pitaya.
基金the State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology Open Fund(CB2019A03,2019A09 and CB2020A12)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872175)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202002005 and GK202001004)Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2018JZ3006 and 2019JQ-062),Shaanxi Youth Entrusted Talents Program(20190205),Shaanxi Postdoctoral Project(2018BSHYDZZ76)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2019-2021QNRC001).
文摘Background:Cotton is the world’s largest and most important source of renewable natural fiber.BEL1-like homeodomain(BLH)genes are ubiquitous in plants and have been reported to contribute to plant development.However,there is no comprehensive characterization of this gene family in cotton.In this study,32,16,and 18 BLH genes were identified from the G.hirsutum,G.arboreum,and G.raimondii genome,respectively.In addition,we also studied the phylogenetic relationships,chromosomal location,gene structure,and gene expression patterns of the BLH genes.Results:The results indicated that these BLH proteins were divided into seven distinct groups by phylogenetic analysis.Among them,25 members were assigned to 15 chromosomes.Furthermore,gene structure,chromosomal location,conserved motifs,and expression level of BLH genes were investigated in G.hirsutum.Expression profiles analysis showed that four genes(GhBLH1_3,GhBLH1_4,GhBLH1_5,and GhBLH1_6)from BLH1 subfamily were highly expressed during the fiber cell elongation period.The expression levels of these genes were significantly induced by gibberellic acid and brassinosteroid,but not auxin.Exogenous application of gibberellic acid significantly enhanced GhBLH1_3,GhBLH1_4,and GhBLH1_5 transcripts.Expression levels of GhBLH1_3 and GhBLH1_4 genes were significantly increased under brassinosteroid treatment.Conclusions:The BLH gene family plays a very important role in many biological processes during plant growth and development.This study deepens our understanding of the role of the GhBLH1 gene involved in fiber development and will help us in breeding better cotton varieties in the future.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Development Planning Project of Henan Province(182102110305)
文摘Collard variety( Brassis oleracea L. var. acephala f. tricolor Hort.) as a research material was treated with exogenous H_2O_2 and H_2O_2 scavenger dimethyl thiourea under 100 mmol/L NaC l stress. Two days later,growth rate,dry weight,fresh weight and relative water content of the plants were determined. After 6h of treatment,the activity and gene expression of three antioxidant enzymes,superoxide dismutase( SOD),catalase( CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase( APX) in plants,were measured. The results showed that the growth rate,dry weight,fresh weight,relative water content,and the activity and gene expression of the three antioxidant enzymes in collard seedlings were higher in the treatment of salt stress with the addition of 0. 05 mmol/L exogenous H_2O_2 than in the simple salt stress treatment; and when endogenous H_2O_2 was removed,the growth rate,dry weight,fresh weight,relative water content,and the activity and gene expression of the three antioxidant enzymes in plant seedlings were lower than those under simple salt stress. It is speculated that under salt stress,H_2O_2 is involved in the regulation of antioxidant defense gene expression,and it might be an important regulator of salt-induced antioxidant system in collard leaves.
