In this paper,tannic acid(TA)and Fe~(3+)were added to form a layer of metal-polyphenol network structure on the surface of the nanoparticles which were fabricated by zein and carbon quantum dots(CQDs)encapsulating phl...In this paper,tannic acid(TA)and Fe~(3+)were added to form a layer of metal-polyphenol network structure on the surface of the nanoparticles which were fabricated by zein and carbon quantum dots(CQDs)encapsulating phlorotannins(PTN).pH-Responsive nanoparticles were prepared successfully(zein-PTN-CQDs-Fe-~Ⅲ).Further,the formation of composite nanoparticles was confirmed by a series of characterization methods.The zeta-potential and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data proved that electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding are dominant forces to form nanoparticles.The encapsulation efficiency(EE)revealed that metal-polyphenol network structure could improve the EE of PTN.Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry experiment indicated the thermal stability of zein-PTN-CQDs-Fe~Ⅲnanoparticles increased because of metal-polyphenol network structure.The pH-responsive nanoparticles greatly increased the release rate of active substances and achieved targeted release.展开更多
Nanobubble technology is one of the latest green technologies in food industry applications.Nanobubbles(NBs)are gas-filled nanoscopic bubbles with a diameter of<500 nm.The mass production of bulk nano-bubbles raise...Nanobubble technology is one of the latest green technologies in food industry applications.Nanobubbles(NBs)are gas-filled nanoscopic bubbles with a diameter of<500 nm.The mass production of bulk nano-bubbles raises growing interest due to their high stability,internal pressure,and an enormous surface-to-volume ratio.Also,they can increase surface area,alter the physicochemical characteristics of the medium,and facilitate mass transfer.Along with their size and stability,air,nitrogen,and carbon dioxide,NBs are widely recognized for their significance in food processing.The potential existence and ability of NBs to remain stable in liquids under ambient conditions have been a contentious issue for a long time due to the conventional thermodynamic theory.In this review,fundamental properties,and several generation methods of NBs have been described along with their mechanism.Moreover,NBs generation methods can produce fine and undeviating gas diffusion characteristics,which can be used to control the uniformity and textural qualities of various creamy and gel-based foods.Thus,we also described the possible applications of NBs along with their mechanism of action in extraction,freezing,foams,and film formation.The ability of NBs to impart health benefits makes them new,improved,and environmentally safe green techniques.展开更多
This study investigated the aroma-active compounds and compared the differences of three different grades of sesame-flavor Baijiu by headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME)coupled with gas chromatography-olfact...This study investigated the aroma-active compounds and compared the differences of three different grades of sesame-flavor Baijiu by headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME)coupled with gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry(GC-O-MS).A total of 54 aroma-active compounds were detected.Principal component analysis showed that JZ1,JZ2,and JZ3 were well separated from each other.JZ1 as the premium-grade Baijiu had the highest aroma intensities,concentrations.According to aroma intensities and concentrations,dimethyl trisulfide,butanoic acid,phenylacetaldehyde,2-furylmethanethiol,ethyl hexanoate,2,6-dimethylpyrazine,etc.could be potentially applied as volatile makers to distinguish the three different grades of sesame-flavor Baijiu as their significant difference(P<0.05)in three Baijiu samples.Roasted aroma had the significant difference(P<0.05)in three sample base on aroma profiles.Meanwhile,2-furylmethanethiol,2,6-dimethylpyrazine were related to the roasted aroma,they may be had a significant contribution to the differences of three different grades of sesame-flavor Baijiu.This study has provided a comprehensive understanding of the differences of three different grades of sesame-flavor Baijiu.展开更多
7-Ketophytosterols are the major oxidation products of phytosterols in foods, which have been associated with atherosclerosis. However, their absorption mechanism remains unclear. The aim of our work was to investigat...7-Ketophytosterols are the major oxidation products of phytosterols in foods, which have been associated with atherosclerosis. However, their absorption mechanism remains unclear. The aim of our work was to investigate the absorption mechanism of 7-ketophytosterols and their effects on the cholesterol transport using Caco-2 cell model. The absorption percentage of 7-ketositosterol and 7-ketocampesterol was 1.16%-1.68% and 1.18%-2.23% respectively in the Caco-2 model, which is higher than that of their parent phytosterols, but lower than cholesterol-d7. The apparent permeability of 7-ketositosterol and 7-ketocampesterol at 30 μmol/L in the basolateral(BL)-to-apical(AP)direction were 0.42-and 0.55-fold of that in the AP-to-BL direction, indicating an active intake in the permeation mechanism of 7-ketophytosterols. Ezetimibe could significantly inhibit the transport of 7-ketophytosterols(P < 0.05), which means that their transport depends on niemann-pick c1-like 1(NPC1L1)protein. The transport of cholesterol-d7 was significantly inhibited by 7-ketophytosterols(P < 0.05). Taken together, this study deepened our understanding of the absorption mechanism of common food-born 7-ketophytosterols and provides useful information on the inhibition of 7-ketophytosterols absorption.展开更多
Biofilms are a constant concern in the food industry;understanding the effect of environmental conditions on biofilm formation is essential to develop effective control strategies.Therefore,this study was conducted to...Biofilms are a constant concern in the food industry;understanding the effect of environmental conditions on biofilm formation is essential to develop effective control strategies.Therefore,this study was conducted to investigate biofilms formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis under various conditions.Biofilms were cultured in nutrient broth containing different carbon source concentrations(0–10 mg/mL)on polystyrene surfaces for 32 h of incubation at 37℃or 55℃,with quantification and enumeration at 8,16,24 and 32 h.S.epidermidis developed biofilms under all tested conditions;achieved the highest yield of biofilm biomass at 2.5 mg/mL for all carbon sources at 37℃.The highest efficiency of extracellular polymeric substance(EPS)molecule production occurred under glucose availability in the growth environment,with a higher yield of biomass and a significantly smaller number of metabolically active cells than under other tested conditions.A condensed ball-shaped structure was observed under the lactose condition.Meanwhile,biofilms in the presence of maltose showed mainly opaque thick rich colonies,while a compact multilayered-shaped structure was exhibited under both glucose and sucrose conditions.These results contribute to a better understanding of the biofilm formation by S.epidermidis in order to reduce contamination and recontamination in the food industry.展开更多
In vivo monitoring of animal physiological information plays a crucial role in promptly alerting humans to potential diseases in animals and aiding in the exploration of mechanisms underlying human diseases.Currently,...In vivo monitoring of animal physiological information plays a crucial role in promptly alerting humans to potential diseases in animals and aiding in the exploration of mechanisms underlying human diseases.Currently,implantable electrochemical microsensors have emerged as a prominent area of research.These microsensors not only fulfill the technical requirements for monitoring animal physiological information but also offer an ideal platform for integration.They have been extensively studied for their ability to monitor animal physiological information in a minimally invasive manner,characterized by their bloodless,painless features,and exceptional performance.The development of implantable electrochemical microsensors for in vivo monitoring of animal physiological information has witnessed significant scientific and technological advancements through dedicated efforts.This review commenced with a comprehensive discussion of the construction of microsensors,including the materials utilized and the methods employed for fabrication.Following this,we proceeded to explore the various implantation technologies employed for electrochemical microsensors.In addition,a comprehensive overview was provided of the various applications of implantable electrochemical microsensors,specifically in the monitoring of diseases and the investigation of disease mechanisms.Lastly,a concise conclusion was conducted on the recent advancements and significant obstacles pertaining to the practical implementation of implantable electrochemical microsensors.展开更多
In this study,we investigated the effects of major royal jelly proteins(MRJPs)on the estrogen,gut microbiota,and immunological responses in mice.Mice given 250 or 500 mg/kg,not 125 mg/kg of MRJPs,enhanced the prolifer...In this study,we investigated the effects of major royal jelly proteins(MRJPs)on the estrogen,gut microbiota,and immunological responses in mice.Mice given 250 or 500 mg/kg,not 125 mg/kg of MRJPs,enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes in response to mitogens.The splenocytes and mesenteric lymphocytes activated by T-cell mitogens(Con A and anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies)released high levels of IL-2 but low levels of IFN-γand IL-17A.The release of IL-4 was unaffected by MRJPs.Additionally,splenocytes and mesenteric lymphocytes activated by LPS were prevented by MRJPs at the same dose as that required for producing IL-1βand IL-6,two pro-inflammatory cytokines.The production of IL-1β,IL-6,and IFN-γwas negatively associated with estrogen levels,which were higher in the MRJP-treated animals than in the control group.Analysis of the gut microbiota revealed that feeding mice 250 mg/kg of MRJPs maintained the stability of the natural intestinal microflora of mice.Additionally,the LEf Se analysis identified biomarkers in the MRJP-treated mice,including Prevotella,Bacillales,Enterobacteriales,Gammaproteobacteria,Candidatus_Arthromitus,and Shigella.Our results showed that MRJPs are important components of royal jelly that modulate host immunity and hormone levels and help maintain gut microbiota stability.展开更多
The perception and signal transduction of the plant hormone abscisic acid(ABA)are crucial for strawberry fruit ripening,but the underlying mechanism of how ABA regulates ripening-related genes has not been well unders...The perception and signal transduction of the plant hormone abscisic acid(ABA)are crucial for strawberry fruit ripening,but the underlying mechanism of how ABA regulates ripening-related genes has not been well understood.By employing high-throughput sequencing technology,we comprehensively analyzed transcriptomic and miRNA expression profiles simultaneously in ABA-and nordihydroguaiaretic acid(NDGA,an ABA biosynthesis blocker)-treated strawberry fruits with temporal resolution.The results revealed that ABA regulated many genes in different pathways,including hormone signal transduction and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.Transcription factor genes belonging to WRKY and heat shock factor(HSF)families might play key roles in regulating the expression of ABA inducible genes,whereas the KNOTTED1-like homeobox protein and Squamosa Promoter-Binding-like protein 18 might be responsible for ABA-downregulated genes.Additionally,20 known and six novel differentially expressed miRNAs might be important regulators that assist ABA in regulating target genes that are involved in versatile physiological processes,such as hormone balance regulation,pigments formation and cell wall degradation.Furthermore,degradome analysis showed that one novel miRNA,Fa_novel6,could degrade its target gene HERCULES1,which likely contributed to fruit size determination during strawberry ripening.These results expanded our understanding of how ABA drives the strawberry fruit ripening process as well as the role of miRNAs in this process.展开更多
Fruit traits such as cluster compactness,fruit maturity,and berry number per clusters are important to blueberry breeders and producers for making informed decisions about genotype selection related to yield traits an...Fruit traits such as cluster compactness,fruit maturity,and berry number per clusters are important to blueberry breeders and producers for making informed decisions about genotype selection related to yield traits and harvestability as well as for plant management.The goal of this study was to develop a data processing pipeline to count berries,to measure maturity,and to evaluate compactness(cluster tightness)automatically using a deep learning image segmentation method for four southern highbush blueberry cultivars(‘Emerald’,‘Farthing’,‘Meadowlark’,and‘Star’).An iterative annotation strategy was developed to label images that reduced the annotation time.A Mask R-CNN model was trained and tested to detect and segment individual blueberries with respect to maturity.The mean average precision for the validation and test dataset was 78.3%and 71.6%under 0.5 intersection over union(IOU)threshold,and the corresponding mask accuracy was 90.6%and 90.4%,respectively.Linear regression of the detected berry number and the ground truth showed an R2 value of 0.886 with a root mean square error(RMSE)of 1.484.Analysis of the traits collected from the four cultivars indicated that‘Star’had the fewest berries per clusters,‘Farthing’had the least mature fruit in mid-April,‘Farthing’had the most compact clusters,and‘Meadowlark’had the loosest clusters.The deep learning image segmentation technique developed in this study is efficient for detecting and segmenting blueberry fruit,for extracting traits of interests related to machine harvestability,and for monitoring blueberry fruit development.展开更多
High content of citric acid in red raspberry juice leads to poor sensory experience. This study developed a feasible method to degrade citric acid in red raspberry juice using a novel characterized Issatchenkia terric...High content of citric acid in red raspberry juice leads to poor sensory experience. This study developed a feasible method to degrade citric acid in red raspberry juice using a novel characterized Issatchenkia terricola WJL-G4 isolated from red raspberry fruits. I. terricola WJL-G4 exhibited a potent capability of reducing the citric acid contents from(22.8 ± 0.08) g/L to(6.2 ± 0.02) g/L within 36 h fermentation, then completely depleted after 48 h. Furthermore, the contents of phenolic compound, including neochlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, raspberry ketone, and rutin significantly increased after 36 h fermentation. Fermentation increased total flavonoid contents in red raspberry juice, compared to that in control group. Volatile profiles exhibited to be enriched after fermentation, which contributed to the improvement of the juice taste. Our findings showed that I. terricola WJL-G4 can be applied in deacidification, enrichment of flavonoid compounds and volatile profiles in fermented red raspberry juice..展开更多
The entire fermentation process of traditional Chinese broad bean paste with chili comprises three individual stages:Tianbanzi,chili pei,and paste fermentation(Tianbanzi-chili pei mixture).Three stages share average 7...The entire fermentation process of traditional Chinese broad bean paste with chili comprises three individual stages:Tianbanzi,chili pei,and paste fermentation(Tianbanzi-chili pei mixture).Three stages share average 77.53%of all bacteria(89 genera),indicating that the similar environment leads to the similar bacterial communities.One,one,and three genera are exclusive to Tianbanzi,chili pei,and paste stages,respectively,due to the special physical and chemical properties for each stage.Total acidity,pH,and NaCl are important endogenous factors that promote the succession of bacterial communities.According to the dynamics of organic acids,reducing sugars,amino acids,and volatile compounds,60-,210-,and 180-day are considered the best fermentation periods for Tianbanzi,chili pei,and paste,respectively,to balance time cost and product quality.Three(Tetragenococcus,Lactobacillus,and Pseudomonas),four(Tetragenococcus,Lactobacillus,Bacillus,and Pseudomonas),and five(Tetragenococcus,Lactobacillus,Bacillus,Pseudomonas,and Pediococcus)genera are considered the core functional bacteria of Tianbanzi,chili pei,and paste fermentation,respectively.展开更多
Wound damage triggers the accumulation of abscisic acid(ABA),which induces the expression of a large number of genes involved in wound suberization in plants.Fatty acyl-CoA reductase(FAR)catalyzes the generation of pr...Wound damage triggers the accumulation of abscisic acid(ABA),which induces the expression of a large number of genes involved in wound suberization in plants.Fatty acyl-CoA reductase(FAR)catalyzes the generation of primary fatty alcohols by the reduction of fatty acids in suberin biosynthesis.However,the regulatory effects of transcription factors(TFs)on AchnFAR in response to ABA are unexplored.In this study,kiwifruit AchnFAR displayed a biological function analogous to that of FAR in transiently overexpressed tobacco(Nicotiana benthamiana)leaves.The positive role of TFs,including AchnMYB41,AchnMYB107,and AchnMYC2,in the regulation of AchnFAR was identified.The three TFs could individually bind to the AchnFAR promoter to activate gene transcription in yeast one-hybrid and dualluciferase assays.Transient overexpression of TFs in tobacco leaves resulted in the upregulation of aliphatic synthesis genes(including FAR)and the increase in aliphatics,including primary alcohols,α,ω-diacids,ω-hydroxyacids,and fatty acids.Moreover,exogenous ABA treatment elevated TF-mediated AchnFAR expression and the accumulation of primary alcohols.Conversely,fluridone,an inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis,suppressed the expression of AchnFAR and TF genes and reduced the formation of primary alcohols.The results indicate that AchnMYB41,AchnMYB107,and AchnMYC2 activate AchnFAR transcription to promote ABA-mediated primary alcohol formation in wound suberization in kiwifruit.展开更多
Objective This work is an evaluation of the efficiency of a sand-gravel or unwoven fabric bed system and Lolium perenne Lam as plant biofilter in the reduction of solids and nutrients removal from aquaculture discharg...Objective This work is an evaluation of the efficiency of a sand-gravel or unwoven fabric bed system and Lolium perenne Lam as plant biofilter in the reduction of solids and nutrients removal from aquaculture discharge water. Methods The first step consisted of the collection of wastewater in the tank and the distribution at three different hydraulic loading regimes (0.5, 1, 1.5 L/hour) to the different experimental systems. The second step was to evaluate the performance of the different systems. The first system consisted of a bucket filled with a substrate of sand/ gravel (20 cm in depth), on the bottom of which was a 80 mesh/ inch2 of nylon (S1); the second was similar, but was planted with Lolium perenne lam (S2); the third was planted with a grass plate consisting of 7 layers of unwoven fabric planted with L. perenne (S3). Results The second system showed the best performance in reducing solids as well as in nutrients (TN, TP, and COD) reduction. The removal rates for TS, TN, and TP were negatively correlated with the loading regimes, with 0.5 L/hour being the most efficient and thus taken as the reference. Conclusions Solids management using a sand/gravel substrate as bed culture and Lolium perenne L. as plant biofilter has proved to be an efficient technique for solids reduction with low operating cost. This grass plays an important role in wastewater eco-treatment by absorbing dissolved pollutants (TAN) as nutrients for its growth.展开更多
While SlPti5 has been shown to play a crucial role in the regulation of antagonistic genes in Solanum lycopersicum and Arabidopsis against pathogen infection,there have been no comprehensive studies on the effects of ...While SlPti5 has been shown to play a crucial role in the regulation of antagonistic genes in Solanum lycopersicum and Arabidopsis against pathogen infection,there have been no comprehensive studies on the effects of SlPti5 on the regulatory response mechanism of reactive oxygen species(ROS) system and hormone pathways during growth and disease resistance of tomato plants.Here,we investigated the function of SlPti5 in the defense response of tomato against Botrytis cinerea utilizing a virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)-based system.Expression profile analysis showed that SlPti5 was significantly induced upon B.cinerea infection,with high expression levels in the leaves and fruit of tomato.VIGS-based silencing of SlPti5 inhibited early vegetative growth,increased the plant’s susceptibility to infection,promoted the development of ROS,affected the expression of genes involved in the ROS scavenging system,and attenuated the expression of genes associated with pathogenesis and the ethylene/jasmonic acid signaling pathways.In sum,our data demonstrated that SlPti5 stimulates the immune response of tomato plant to Botrytis cinerea infection by involving the ethylene(ET)-and jasmonic acid(JA)-mediated pathways and modulating the expression of some key pathogenesis-related(PR) genes.展开更多
Fragaria vesca(F.vesca),the wild strawberry,is a diploid model for the commercial,octoploid strawberry as well as other members of the economically relevant Rosaceae family.Unlike the fruits of tomato and Arabidopsis,...Fragaria vesca(F.vesca),the wild strawberry,is a diploid model for the commercial,octoploid strawberry as well as other members of the economically relevant Rosaceae family.Unlike the fruits of tomato and Arabidopsis,the fleshy fruit of strawberry is unique in that it is derived from the floral receptacle and has an external seed configuration.Thus,identification and subsequent characterization of receptacle-expressed genes may shed light on novel developmental processes or provide insight into how developmental regulation differs between receptacle-derived and ovary-derived fruits.Further,since fruit and flower tissues are the last organs to form on a plant,the development of receptacle fruitspecific promoters may provide useful molecular tools for research and application.In this work,we mined previously generated RNA-Seq datasets and identified 589 genes preferentially expressed in the strawberry receptacle versus all other profiled tissues.Promoters of a select subset of the 589 genes were isolated and their activities tested using a GUS transcriptional reporter.These promoters may now be used by the F.vesca research community for a variety of purposes,including driving expression of tissue-specific reporters,RNAi constructs,or specific genes to manipulate fruit development.Further,identified genes with receptacle-specific expression patterns,including MADS-Box and KNOX family transcription factors,are potential key regulators of fleshy fruit development and attractive candidates for functional characterization.展开更多
Peach aphid is a common pest and hard to detect.This study employs hyperspectral imaging technology to identify early damage in green cabbage caused by peach aphid.Through principal component transformation and multip...Peach aphid is a common pest and hard to detect.This study employs hyperspectral imaging technology to identify early damage in green cabbage caused by peach aphid.Through principal component transformation and multiple linear regression analysis,the correlation relation between spectral characteristics and infestation stage is analyzed.Then,four characteristic wavelength selection methods are compared and optimal characteristic wavelengths subset is determined to be input for modelling.One linear algorithm and two nonlinear modelling algorithms are compared.Finally,support vector machine(SVM)model based on the characteristic wavelengths selected by multi-cluster feature selection(MCFS)acquires the highest identification accuracy,which is 98.97%.These results indicate that hyperspectral imaging technology have the ability to identify early peach aphid infestation stages on green cabbages.展开更多
Protein has been used as the carrier for protecting and targeting polyphenols and increasing their shelf-life.Interactions of a protein molecule with polyphenols are important,which change functions and physiochemical...Protein has been used as the carrier for protecting and targeting polyphenols and increasing their shelf-life.Interactions of a protein molecule with polyphenols are important,which change functions and physiochemical properties of the complex and provide protection to polyphenols.Interactions between proteins and polyphenols are largely non-covalent.Factors that affect such interactions include pH,temperature,and the structure of both proteins and polyphenols.Moreover,excellent stability of polyphenols can be achieved by using nanoencapsulation techniques such as emulsion,nanohydrogel,and nanocomplex formation.The use of protein combined with other compounds such as lipids and carbohydrates was found to be the most suitable carrier for polyphenols encapsulation.This review aims to describe the interaction between proteins and polyphenols,focusing on applying nanoencapsulation for increasing stability and targeted delivery of phenolic compounds.展开更多
The black chokeberry is rich in polyphenols,including flavonoids with anthocyanins,flavanols and lavonols as the main components and a variety of phenolic acids represented by chlorogenic acid.Because of these polyphe...The black chokeberry is rich in polyphenols,including flavonoids with anthocyanins,flavanols and lavonols as the main components and a variety of phenolic acids represented by chlorogenic acid.Because of these polyphenols,black chokeberry has the effect of preventing and adjuvant therapy diseases.This study summarized the current research results on the types and contents of functional components in black chokeberry,and analyzed their digestion,absorption and metabolism in human body.On this basis,the disease control functions that have been proved effective in clinical research were reviewed and analyzed.These studies showed that black chokeberry have good prevention and adjuvant therapy effects on hyperlipidemia,hypertension,diabetes and inflammation.Because there are different functional components in black chokeberry,its prevention and treatment of the same disease can come from multiple pathways,which provides a more reliable effectiveness for the disease control of different populations.展开更多
The effect of hot air(HA, 45°C, 3.5 h) treatment on reducing gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea in strawberry fruit and the possible mechanisms were investigated. The results showed that HA treatment significan...The effect of hot air(HA, 45°C, 3.5 h) treatment on reducing gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea in strawberry fruit and the possible mechanisms were investigated. The results showed that HA treatment significantly reduced lesion diameter and enhanced activities of chitinase(CHI), β-1,3-glucanase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL) in strawberry fruit. Total phenolic contents were also increased by HA treatment. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase(APX) were higher in HA treated strawberry fruit than those in control. Expression of three defense related genes such as CAT, CCR-1 allele and PLA6 was greatly induced in HA treated strawberry fruit with or without inoculation by B. cinerea. In addition, the in vitro experiment showed that HA treatment inhibited spore germination and tube growth of B. cinerea. These results suggested that HA treatment directly activated disease resistance against B. cinerea in strawberry fruit without priming response and directly inhibiting growth of B. cinerea.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFD0901106)the Wenzhou Major Science and Technology Project (ZN2021002)the Ningbo“3315 series program”for high-level talents (2020B-34-G)。
文摘In this paper,tannic acid(TA)and Fe~(3+)were added to form a layer of metal-polyphenol network structure on the surface of the nanoparticles which were fabricated by zein and carbon quantum dots(CQDs)encapsulating phlorotannins(PTN).pH-Responsive nanoparticles were prepared successfully(zein-PTN-CQDs-Fe-~Ⅲ).Further,the formation of composite nanoparticles was confirmed by a series of characterization methods.The zeta-potential and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data proved that electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding are dominant forces to form nanoparticles.The encapsulation efficiency(EE)revealed that metal-polyphenol network structure could improve the EE of PTN.Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry experiment indicated the thermal stability of zein-PTN-CQDs-Fe~Ⅲnanoparticles increased because of metal-polyphenol network structure.The pH-responsive nanoparticles greatly increased the release rate of active substances and achieved targeted release.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,China(2022YFD2100100)National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(32272776+5 种基金32001748)Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo,China(202003N4311)Zhejiang Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project,China(LGN21C200018)Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2022C02033,2021C02014)China and 72nd Postdoctoral Foundation(2022M713423)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2022QNRC001)。
文摘Nanobubble technology is one of the latest green technologies in food industry applications.Nanobubbles(NBs)are gas-filled nanoscopic bubbles with a diameter of<500 nm.The mass production of bulk nano-bubbles raises growing interest due to their high stability,internal pressure,and an enormous surface-to-volume ratio.Also,they can increase surface area,alter the physicochemical characteristics of the medium,and facilitate mass transfer.Along with their size and stability,air,nitrogen,and carbon dioxide,NBs are widely recognized for their significance in food processing.The potential existence and ability of NBs to remain stable in liquids under ambient conditions have been a contentious issue for a long time due to the conventional thermodynamic theory.In this review,fundamental properties,and several generation methods of NBs have been described along with their mechanism.Moreover,NBs generation methods can produce fine and undeviating gas diffusion characteristics,which can be used to control the uniformity and textural qualities of various creamy and gel-based foods.Thus,we also described the possible applications of NBs along with their mechanism of action in extraction,freezing,foams,and film formation.The ability of NBs to impart health benefits makes them new,improved,and environmentally safe green techniques.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172340)
文摘This study investigated the aroma-active compounds and compared the differences of three different grades of sesame-flavor Baijiu by headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME)coupled with gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry(GC-O-MS).A total of 54 aroma-active compounds were detected.Principal component analysis showed that JZ1,JZ2,and JZ3 were well separated from each other.JZ1 as the premium-grade Baijiu had the highest aroma intensities,concentrations.According to aroma intensities and concentrations,dimethyl trisulfide,butanoic acid,phenylacetaldehyde,2-furylmethanethiol,ethyl hexanoate,2,6-dimethylpyrazine,etc.could be potentially applied as volatile makers to distinguish the three different grades of sesame-flavor Baijiu as their significant difference(P<0.05)in three Baijiu samples.Roasted aroma had the significant difference(P<0.05)in three sample base on aroma profiles.Meanwhile,2-furylmethanethiol,2,6-dimethylpyrazine were related to the roasted aroma,they may be had a significant contribution to the differences of three different grades of sesame-flavor Baijiu.This study has provided a comprehensive understanding of the differences of three different grades of sesame-flavor Baijiu.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072179)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LD21C200001)。
文摘7-Ketophytosterols are the major oxidation products of phytosterols in foods, which have been associated with atherosclerosis. However, their absorption mechanism remains unclear. The aim of our work was to investigate the absorption mechanism of 7-ketophytosterols and their effects on the cholesterol transport using Caco-2 cell model. The absorption percentage of 7-ketositosterol and 7-ketocampesterol was 1.16%-1.68% and 1.18%-2.23% respectively in the Caco-2 model, which is higher than that of their parent phytosterols, but lower than cholesterol-d7. The apparent permeability of 7-ketositosterol and 7-ketocampesterol at 30 μmol/L in the basolateral(BL)-to-apical(AP)direction were 0.42-and 0.55-fold of that in the AP-to-BL direction, indicating an active intake in the permeation mechanism of 7-ketophytosterols. Ezetimibe could significantly inhibit the transport of 7-ketophytosterols(P < 0.05), which means that their transport depends on niemann-pick c1-like 1(NPC1L1)protein. The transport of cholesterol-d7 was significantly inhibited by 7-ketophytosterols(P < 0.05). Taken together, this study deepened our understanding of the absorption mechanism of common food-born 7-ketophytosterols and provides useful information on the inhibition of 7-ketophytosterols absorption.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0400301)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2017C02015).
文摘Biofilms are a constant concern in the food industry;understanding the effect of environmental conditions on biofilm formation is essential to develop effective control strategies.Therefore,this study was conducted to investigate biofilms formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis under various conditions.Biofilms were cultured in nutrient broth containing different carbon source concentrations(0–10 mg/mL)on polystyrene surfaces for 32 h of incubation at 37℃or 55℃,with quantification and enumeration at 8,16,24 and 32 h.S.epidermidis developed biofilms under all tested conditions;achieved the highest yield of biofilm biomass at 2.5 mg/mL for all carbon sources at 37℃.The highest efficiency of extracellular polymeric substance(EPS)molecule production occurred under glucose availability in the growth environment,with a higher yield of biomass and a significantly smaller number of metabolically active cells than under other tested conditions.A condensed ball-shaped structure was observed under the lactose condition.Meanwhile,biofilms in the presence of maltose showed mainly opaque thick rich colonies,while a compact multilayered-shaped structure was exhibited under both glucose and sucrose conditions.These results contribute to a better understanding of the biofilm formation by S.epidermidis in order to reduce contamination and recontamination in the food industry.
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82302345).
文摘In vivo monitoring of animal physiological information plays a crucial role in promptly alerting humans to potential diseases in animals and aiding in the exploration of mechanisms underlying human diseases.Currently,implantable electrochemical microsensors have emerged as a prominent area of research.These microsensors not only fulfill the technical requirements for monitoring animal physiological information but also offer an ideal platform for integration.They have been extensively studied for their ability to monitor animal physiological information in a minimally invasive manner,characterized by their bloodless,painless features,and exceptional performance.The development of implantable electrochemical microsensors for in vivo monitoring of animal physiological information has witnessed significant scientific and technological advancements through dedicated efforts.This review commenced with a comprehensive discussion of the construction of microsensors,including the materials utilized and the methods employed for fabrication.Following this,we proceeded to explore the various implantation technologies employed for electrochemical microsensors.In addition,a comprehensive overview was provided of the various applications of implantable electrochemical microsensors,specifically in the monitoring of diseases and the investigation of disease mechanisms.Lastly,a concise conclusion was conducted on the recent advancements and significant obstacles pertaining to the practical implementation of implantable electrochemical microsensors.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2004104)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(202300410080)+2 种基金the Key Project of Henan Education Committee(21A310005)the Internal Fund of Hebei University of Economics and Business(2020ZD10)the Postgraduate“Talent Program”of Henan University(SYL20060187 and SYL20060189)。
文摘In this study,we investigated the effects of major royal jelly proteins(MRJPs)on the estrogen,gut microbiota,and immunological responses in mice.Mice given 250 or 500 mg/kg,not 125 mg/kg of MRJPs,enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes in response to mitogens.The splenocytes and mesenteric lymphocytes activated by T-cell mitogens(Con A and anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies)released high levels of IL-2 but low levels of IFN-γand IL-17A.The release of IL-4 was unaffected by MRJPs.Additionally,splenocytes and mesenteric lymphocytes activated by LPS were prevented by MRJPs at the same dose as that required for producing IL-1βand IL-6,two pro-inflammatory cytokines.The production of IL-1β,IL-6,and IFN-γwas negatively associated with estrogen levels,which were higher in the MRJP-treated animals than in the control group.Analysis of the gut microbiota revealed that feeding mice 250 mg/kg of MRJPs maintained the stability of the natural intestinal microflora of mice.Additionally,the LEf Se analysis identified biomarkers in the MRJP-treated mice,including Prevotella,Bacillales,Enterobacteriales,Gammaproteobacteria,Candidatus_Arthromitus,and Shigella.Our results showed that MRJPs are important components of royal jelly that modulate host immunity and hormone levels and help maintain gut microbiota stability.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(31571895,31772366)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0401304)financially supported the research.We thank the China Scholarship Council for supporting D.L.to study in the Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics at the University of Maryland-College Park.
文摘The perception and signal transduction of the plant hormone abscisic acid(ABA)are crucial for strawberry fruit ripening,but the underlying mechanism of how ABA regulates ripening-related genes has not been well understood.By employing high-throughput sequencing technology,we comprehensively analyzed transcriptomic and miRNA expression profiles simultaneously in ABA-and nordihydroguaiaretic acid(NDGA,an ABA biosynthesis blocker)-treated strawberry fruits with temporal resolution.The results revealed that ABA regulated many genes in different pathways,including hormone signal transduction and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.Transcription factor genes belonging to WRKY and heat shock factor(HSF)families might play key roles in regulating the expression of ABA inducible genes,whereas the KNOTTED1-like homeobox protein and Squamosa Promoter-Binding-like protein 18 might be responsible for ABA-downregulated genes.Additionally,20 known and six novel differentially expressed miRNAs might be important regulators that assist ABA in regulating target genes that are involved in versatile physiological processes,such as hormone balance regulation,pigments formation and cell wall degradation.Furthermore,degradome analysis showed that one novel miRNA,Fa_novel6,could degrade its target gene HERCULES1,which likely contributed to fruit size determination during strawberry ripening.These results expanded our understanding of how ABA drives the strawberry fruit ripening process as well as the role of miRNAs in this process.
基金supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Specialty Crop Research Initiative(Award No:2014-51181-22383).
文摘Fruit traits such as cluster compactness,fruit maturity,and berry number per clusters are important to blueberry breeders and producers for making informed decisions about genotype selection related to yield traits and harvestability as well as for plant management.The goal of this study was to develop a data processing pipeline to count berries,to measure maturity,and to evaluate compactness(cluster tightness)automatically using a deep learning image segmentation method for four southern highbush blueberry cultivars(‘Emerald’,‘Farthing’,‘Meadowlark’,and‘Star’).An iterative annotation strategy was developed to label images that reduced the annotation time.A Mask R-CNN model was trained and tested to detect and segment individual blueberries with respect to maturity.The mean average precision for the validation and test dataset was 78.3%and 71.6%under 0.5 intersection over union(IOU)threshold,and the corresponding mask accuracy was 90.6%and 90.4%,respectively.Linear regression of the detected berry number and the ground truth showed an R2 value of 0.886 with a root mean square error(RMSE)of 1.484.Analysis of the traits collected from the four cultivars indicated that‘Star’had the fewest berries per clusters,‘Farthing’had the least mature fruit in mid-April,‘Farthing’had the most compact clusters,and‘Meadowlark’had the loosest clusters.The deep learning image segmentation technique developed in this study is efficient for detecting and segmenting blueberry fruit,for extracting traits of interests related to machine harvestability,and for monitoring blueberry fruit development.
基金supported by Heilongjiang Tongsheng Food Technology Co.Ltd.+1 种基金“the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”[grant number 2572018BA07 and 2572018CG02]“Applied Technology Research and Development Project of Harbin Science and Technology Bureau”[grant number 2017RAYXJ012]。
文摘High content of citric acid in red raspberry juice leads to poor sensory experience. This study developed a feasible method to degrade citric acid in red raspberry juice using a novel characterized Issatchenkia terricola WJL-G4 isolated from red raspberry fruits. I. terricola WJL-G4 exhibited a potent capability of reducing the citric acid contents from(22.8 ± 0.08) g/L to(6.2 ± 0.02) g/L within 36 h fermentation, then completely depleted after 48 h. Furthermore, the contents of phenolic compound, including neochlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, raspberry ketone, and rutin significantly increased after 36 h fermentation. Fermentation increased total flavonoid contents in red raspberry juice, compared to that in control group. Volatile profiles exhibited to be enriched after fermentation, which contributed to the improvement of the juice taste. Our findings showed that I. terricola WJL-G4 can be applied in deacidification, enrichment of flavonoid compounds and volatile profiles in fermented red raspberry juice..
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0400505)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M640241)+2 种基金Tianjin Postdoctoral Foundation(TJQYBSH2018010)Tianjin Municipal Education Commission(TD13-5013,2018ZD08)Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology,Education Ministry of China(2018KF005)。
文摘The entire fermentation process of traditional Chinese broad bean paste with chili comprises three individual stages:Tianbanzi,chili pei,and paste fermentation(Tianbanzi-chili pei mixture).Three stages share average 77.53%of all bacteria(89 genera),indicating that the similar environment leads to the similar bacterial communities.One,one,and three genera are exclusive to Tianbanzi,chili pei,and paste stages,respectively,due to the special physical and chemical properties for each stage.Total acidity,pH,and NaCl are important endogenous factors that promote the succession of bacterial communities.According to the dynamics of organic acids,reducing sugars,amino acids,and volatile compounds,60-,210-,and 180-day are considered the best fermentation periods for Tianbanzi,chili pei,and paste,respectively,to balance time cost and product quality.Three(Tetragenococcus,Lactobacillus,and Pseudomonas),four(Tetragenococcus,Lactobacillus,Bacillus,and Pseudomonas),and five(Tetragenococcus,Lactobacillus,Bacillus,Pseudomonas,and Pediococcus)genera are considered the core functional bacteria of Tianbanzi,chili pei,and paste fermentation,respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31772365 and 31972468)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFD0401303).
文摘Wound damage triggers the accumulation of abscisic acid(ABA),which induces the expression of a large number of genes involved in wound suberization in plants.Fatty acyl-CoA reductase(FAR)catalyzes the generation of primary fatty alcohols by the reduction of fatty acids in suberin biosynthesis.However,the regulatory effects of transcription factors(TFs)on AchnFAR in response to ABA are unexplored.In this study,kiwifruit AchnFAR displayed a biological function analogous to that of FAR in transiently overexpressed tobacco(Nicotiana benthamiana)leaves.The positive role of TFs,including AchnMYB41,AchnMYB107,and AchnMYC2,in the regulation of AchnFAR was identified.The three TFs could individually bind to the AchnFAR promoter to activate gene transcription in yeast one-hybrid and dualluciferase assays.Transient overexpression of TFs in tobacco leaves resulted in the upregulation of aliphatic synthesis genes(including FAR)and the increase in aliphatics,including primary alcohols,α,ω-diacids,ω-hydroxyacids,and fatty acids.Moreover,exogenous ABA treatment elevated TF-mediated AchnFAR expression and the accumulation of primary alcohols.Conversely,fluridone,an inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis,suppressed the expression of AchnFAR and TF genes and reduced the formation of primary alcohols.The results indicate that AchnMYB41,AchnMYB107,and AchnMYC2 activate AchnFAR transcription to promote ABA-mediated primary alcohol formation in wound suberization in kiwifruit.
基金supported by Zhejiang Provincial Technology Department, China (No. 2005C22060).
文摘Objective This work is an evaluation of the efficiency of a sand-gravel or unwoven fabric bed system and Lolium perenne Lam as plant biofilter in the reduction of solids and nutrients removal from aquaculture discharge water. Methods The first step consisted of the collection of wastewater in the tank and the distribution at three different hydraulic loading regimes (0.5, 1, 1.5 L/hour) to the different experimental systems. The second step was to evaluate the performance of the different systems. The first system consisted of a bucket filled with a substrate of sand/ gravel (20 cm in depth), on the bottom of which was a 80 mesh/ inch2 of nylon (S1); the second was similar, but was planted with Lolium perenne lam (S2); the third was planted with a grass plate consisting of 7 layers of unwoven fabric planted with L. perenne (S3). Results The second system showed the best performance in reducing solids as well as in nutrients (TN, TP, and COD) reduction. The removal rates for TS, TN, and TP were negatively correlated with the loading regimes, with 0.5 L/hour being the most efficient and thus taken as the reference. Conclusions Solids management using a sand/gravel substrate as bed culture and Lolium perenne L. as plant biofilter has proved to be an efficient technique for solids reduction with low operating cost. This grass plays an important role in wastewater eco-treatment by absorbing dissolved pollutants (TAN) as nutrients for its growth.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2016YFD0401201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31801602 and 31571897)+1 种基金the Project of Tianjin Education Commission Scientific Research Plan, China (2018KJ094)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China (2018ZX10101003-002-004)。
文摘While SlPti5 has been shown to play a crucial role in the regulation of antagonistic genes in Solanum lycopersicum and Arabidopsis against pathogen infection,there have been no comprehensive studies on the effects of SlPti5 on the regulatory response mechanism of reactive oxygen species(ROS) system and hormone pathways during growth and disease resistance of tomato plants.Here,we investigated the function of SlPti5 in the defense response of tomato against Botrytis cinerea utilizing a virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)-based system.Expression profile analysis showed that SlPti5 was significantly induced upon B.cinerea infection,with high expression levels in the leaves and fruit of tomato.VIGS-based silencing of SlPti5 inhibited early vegetative growth,increased the plant’s susceptibility to infection,promoted the development of ROS,affected the expression of genes involved in the ROS scavenging system,and attenuated the expression of genes associated with pathogenesis and the ethylene/jasmonic acid signaling pathways.In sum,our data demonstrated that SlPti5 stimulates the immune response of tomato plant to Botrytis cinerea infection by involving the ethylene(ET)-and jasmonic acid(JA)-mediated pathways and modulating the expression of some key pathogenesis-related(PR) genes.
基金supported by NSF grants(MCB0923913 and IOS1444987)to Z.L.
文摘Fragaria vesca(F.vesca),the wild strawberry,is a diploid model for the commercial,octoploid strawberry as well as other members of the economically relevant Rosaceae family.Unlike the fruits of tomato and Arabidopsis,the fleshy fruit of strawberry is unique in that it is derived from the floral receptacle and has an external seed configuration.Thus,identification and subsequent characterization of receptacle-expressed genes may shed light on novel developmental processes or provide insight into how developmental regulation differs between receptacle-derived and ovary-derived fruits.Further,since fruit and flower tissues are the last organs to form on a plant,the development of receptacle fruitspecific promoters may provide useful molecular tools for research and application.In this work,we mined previously generated RNA-Seq datasets and identified 589 genes preferentially expressed in the strawberry receptacle versus all other profiled tissues.Promoters of a select subset of the 589 genes were isolated and their activities tested using a GUS transcriptional reporter.These promoters may now be used by the F.vesca research community for a variety of purposes,including driving expression of tissue-specific reporters,RNAi constructs,or specific genes to manipulate fruit development.Further,identified genes with receptacle-specific expression patterns,including MADS-Box and KNOX family transcription factors,are potential key regulators of fleshy fruit development and attractive candidates for functional characterization.
基金supported by China National Key Research and Development Program(No.2016YFD0700304)Shandong Natural Science Foundation Youth Program(No.ZR2021QC216)Agricultural Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science(No.CXGC2023A34)。
文摘Peach aphid is a common pest and hard to detect.This study employs hyperspectral imaging technology to identify early damage in green cabbage caused by peach aphid.Through principal component transformation and multiple linear regression analysis,the correlation relation between spectral characteristics and infestation stage is analyzed.Then,four characteristic wavelength selection methods are compared and optimal characteristic wavelengths subset is determined to be input for modelling.One linear algorithm and two nonlinear modelling algorithms are compared.Finally,support vector machine(SVM)model based on the characteristic wavelengths selected by multi-cluster feature selection(MCFS)acquires the highest identification accuracy,which is 98.97%.These results indicate that hyperspectral imaging technology have the ability to identify early peach aphid infestation stages on green cabbages.
基金The work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,China(2022YFD2100100),National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(3227277632001748)+4 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo,China(202003N4311)Zhejiang Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project,China(LGN21C200018)Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2022C02033,2021C02014)China and 72nd Postdoctoral Foundation(2022M713423)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2022QNRC001).
文摘Protein has been used as the carrier for protecting and targeting polyphenols and increasing their shelf-life.Interactions of a protein molecule with polyphenols are important,which change functions and physiochemical properties of the complex and provide protection to polyphenols.Interactions between proteins and polyphenols are largely non-covalent.Factors that affect such interactions include pH,temperature,and the structure of both proteins and polyphenols.Moreover,excellent stability of polyphenols can be achieved by using nanoencapsulation techniques such as emulsion,nanohydrogel,and nanocomplex formation.The use of protein combined with other compounds such as lipids and carbohydrates was found to be the most suitable carrier for polyphenols encapsulation.This review aims to describe the interaction between proteins and polyphenols,focusing on applying nanoencapsulation for increasing stability and targeted delivery of phenolic compounds.
基金supported by National Science Foundation of China (31972090)。
文摘The black chokeberry is rich in polyphenols,including flavonoids with anthocyanins,flavanols and lavonols as the main components and a variety of phenolic acids represented by chlorogenic acid.Because of these polyphenols,black chokeberry has the effect of preventing and adjuvant therapy diseases.This study summarized the current research results on the types and contents of functional components in black chokeberry,and analyzed their digestion,absorption and metabolism in human body.On this basis,the disease control functions that have been proved effective in clinical research were reviewed and analyzed.These studies showed that black chokeberry have good prevention and adjuvant therapy effects on hyperlipidemia,hypertension,diabetes and inflammation.Because there are different functional components in black chokeberry,its prevention and treatment of the same disease can come from multiple pathways,which provides a more reliable effectiveness for the disease control of different populations.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(201303073)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(KYZ201420)
文摘The effect of hot air(HA, 45°C, 3.5 h) treatment on reducing gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea in strawberry fruit and the possible mechanisms were investigated. The results showed that HA treatment significantly reduced lesion diameter and enhanced activities of chitinase(CHI), β-1,3-glucanase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL) in strawberry fruit. Total phenolic contents were also increased by HA treatment. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase(APX) were higher in HA treated strawberry fruit than those in control. Expression of three defense related genes such as CAT, CCR-1 allele and PLA6 was greatly induced in HA treated strawberry fruit with or without inoculation by B. cinerea. In addition, the in vitro experiment showed that HA treatment inhibited spore germination and tube growth of B. cinerea. These results suggested that HA treatment directly activated disease resistance against B. cinerea in strawberry fruit without priming response and directly inhibiting growth of B. cinerea.
