Background Stocker cattle diet and management influence beef cattle performance during the finishing stage,but knowledge of the dynamics of the rumen microbiome associated with the host are lacking.A longitudinal stud...Background Stocker cattle diet and management influence beef cattle performance during the finishing stage,but knowledge of the dynamics of the rumen microbiome associated with the host are lacking.A longitudinal study was conducted to determine how the feeding strategy from the stocker to the finishing stages of production affects the temporal dynamics of rumen microbiota.During the stocker phase,either dry hay or wheat pasture were provided,and three levels of monensin were administrated.All calves were then transported to a feedlot and received similar finishing diets with or without monensin.Rumen microbial samples were collected on d 0,28,85 during the stocker stage(S0,S28 and S85)and d 0,14,28,56,30 d before slaughter and the end of the trial during the finishing stage(F0,F14,F28,F56,Pre-Ba,and Final).The V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene of 263 rumen samples was sequenced.Results Higher alpha diversity,including the number of observed bacterial features and the Shannon index,was observed in the stocker phase compared to the finishing phase.The bacterial amplicon sequence variants(ASVs)differentiating different sampling time points were identified.Dietary treatments during the stocker stage temporally impact the dynamics of rumen microbiota.For example,shared bacteria,including Bacteroidales(ASV19)and Streptococcus infantarius(ASV94),were significantly higher in hay rumen on S28,S85,and F0,while Bacteroidaceae(ASV11)and Limivicinus(ASV15)were more abundant in wheat.Monensin affected rumen microbial composition at a specific time.Transportation to feedlot significantly influenced microbiome structure and diversity in hay-fed calves.Bacterial taxa associated with body weight were classified,and core microbiotas interacted with each other during the trial.Conclusions In summary,the temporal dynamics of the rumen microbiome in cattle at the stocker and finishing stage are influenced by multiple factors of the feeding strategy.Diet at the stocker phase may temporarily affect the microbial composition during this stage.Modulating the rumen microbiome in the steers at the stocker stage affects the microbial interactions and performance in the finishing stage.展开更多
Due to the removal of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) and consumer pressure for antibiotic-free (ABF) or no antibiotics ever (NAE) poultry production, there is a need for sustainable alternatives to prevent disease...Due to the removal of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) and consumer pressure for antibiotic-free (ABF) or no antibiotics ever (NAE) poultry production, there is a need for sustainable alternatives to prevent disease in commercial poultry operations. Without AGPs, there has been a rise in diseases that were traditionally controlled by subtherapeutic levels of antibiotics in the diet. This has impacted the health of commercial poultry and has been a significant cost to poultry producers. To mitigate this, the industry has started to investigate alternatives to antibiotics to treat these forthcoming health issues, such as necrotic enteritis (NE). NE is an enteric disease caused by an over proliferation of toxigenic Clostridium perfringens (CP) in the gastrointestinal tract. Although CP is a commensal in the avian intestinal tract, dysbiosis caused by inflammation and impaired intestinal integrity facilitates uncontrolled replication of CP. Infectious agents, such as Eimeria maxima, appear to be a predominant predisposing factor that promotes NE. However, non-infectious stressors, including dietary changes, have also been associated with NE to some degree. As a result of increased pressure to restrict the use of antibiotics, there is a need for research evaluating the efficacy of alternatives, such as plant-derived essential oils, as potential tools to mitigate NE in commercial poultry flocks. The aim of this study is to review the effects of essential oils as an alternative to antibiotics to reduce the incidence and severity of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens.展开更多
Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA, is a major disease in rice-growing areas worldwide. Effectors of phytopathogenic fungi play important roles during the infection process of fungal pathogens ont...Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA, is a major disease in rice-growing areas worldwide. Effectors of phytopathogenic fungi play important roles during the infection process of fungal pathogens onto their host plants. However, the molecular mechanisms by which R. solani effectors regulate rice immunity are not well understood. Through prediction, 78 candidate effector molecules were identified. Using the tobacco rattle virus-host induced gene silencing(TRV-HIGS) system, 45 RNAi constructs of effector genes were infiltrated into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The results revealed that eight of these constructs resulted in a significant reduction in necrosis caused by infection with the AG1-IA strain GD-118. Additionally, stable rice transformants carrying the double-stranded RNA construct for one of the effector genes, AGLIP1, were generated to further verify the function of this gene. The suppression of the AGLIP1 gene increased the resistance of both N. benthamiana and rice against GD-118, and also affected the growth rate of GD-118, indicating that AGLIP1 is a key pathogenic factor. Small RNA sequencing showed that the HIGS vectors were processed into si RNAs within the plants and then translocated to the fungi, leading to the silencing of the target genes. As a result, AGLIP1 might be an excellent candidate for HIGS, thereby enhancing crop resistance against the pathogen and contributing to the control of R. solani infection.展开更多
Chuño production is a kind of ancient method of potato preservation that has been used to the present day.In this study,physicochemical property and nutrition quality of white chuño(WC),black chuño,and ...Chuño production is a kind of ancient method of potato preservation that has been used to the present day.In this study,physicochemical property and nutrition quality of white chuño(WC),black chuño,and dehydrated potato flour prepared by hot air drying(AD)and freezing drying were analyzed and compared.The results revealed that the average particle size of the starch in WC is almost 10 times of the dehydrated potato flour by AD treatment according to the laser particle size meter.During the dehydration of WC,water-soluble minerals(K+,Mg2+),proteins,ascorbic acid,etc.were partly lost while Ca2+content increased dramatically.In addition,WC showed the lowest antioxidant capacity among the four different kinds of dehydrated potato products.The polyphenol oxidase activity of WC,black chuño and AD were between 0.62–12.2 U/g fresh weight,which indicated that the color will be stable when chuño was used as staple food ingredient in the subsequent process.Therefore,as a potato processed food,chuño displayed great potential for promotion in the cold and poor rural areas of the northern China.展开更多
Cigarette smoking is correlated with the development of various cancers. 4- （Methylnitresoamino） -1- （3-pyridyl） - 1-butanone（NNK） is one of the major tobacco-specific carcinogens in the cigarette smoke, which i...Cigarette smoking is correlated with the development of various cancers. 4- （Methylnitresoamino） -1- （3-pyridyl） - 1-butanone（NNK） is one of the major tobacco-specific carcinogens in the cigarette smoke, which increases the risk of breast cancer. In the present study, it was demonstrated that NNK rapidly activated ERK1 and ERK2 MAP kinases in human normal mammary epithelial cells. It was found that there are two different routes for the activation of ERK1/2 with NNK. One is from nicotinic receptor nAchR to MEK1/2, and the other is from tyrosine kinase containing receptor to MEK1/2. The tobacco-specific carcinogen NNK shows a strong proliferative effect on normal human mammary epithelial cells and cancer mammary epithelial cells.展开更多
Background: Soybean meal is an excellent and cost-effective protein source; however, its usage is limited in the piglet due to the presence of anti-nutritional factors and the antigens glycinin and β-conglycinin. The...Background: Soybean meal is an excellent and cost-effective protein source; however, its usage is limited in the piglet due to the presence of anti-nutritional factors and the antigens glycinin and β-conglycinin. The objective of the current study was to screen and select for bacteria that can be efficiently adopted to ferment soybean meal in order to solve this problem.Results: Bacteria were isolated from fermented soy foods and the grass carp intestine, and strains selected for high protease, cellulase and amylase activities. The isolated bacteria were characterized as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacilus amyloliquefacien, respectively. Fermentation with food-derived Isolate-2 and fish-derived F-9 increased crude protein content by 5.32% and 8.27%, respectively; improved the amino acid profile by increasing certain essential amino acids, broke down larger soy protein to 35 k Da and under, eliminated antigenicity against glycinin and β-conglycinin, and removed raffinose and stachyose in the soybean meal following a 24-h fermentation.Conclusions: Our results suggest these two B. amyloliquefaciens bacteria can efficiently solid state ferment soybean meal and ultimately produce a more utilizable food source for growing healthy piglets.展开更多
The kinetics and mechanisms of p-nitrophenol （PNP） biodegradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa HS-D38 were investigated. PNP could be used by HS-D38 strain as the sole carbon, nitrogen and energy sources, and PNP was m...The kinetics and mechanisms of p-nitrophenol （PNP） biodegradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa HS-D38 were investigated. PNP could be used by HS-D38 strain as the sole carbon, nitrogen and energy sources, and PNP was mineralized at the maximum concentration of 500 mg/L within 24 h in an mineral salt medium （MSM）. The analytical results indicated that the biodegradation of PNP fit the first order kinetics model. The rate constant kpNp is 2.039 ×10^-2/h in MSM medium, KeNp＋N is 3.603 × 10^-2/h with the addition of ammonium chloride and KPNP＋c is 9.74 ×10^-3/h with additional glucose. The addition of ammonium chloride increased the degradation of PNP. On the contrary, the addition of glucose inhibited and delayed the biodegradation of PNP. Chemical analysis results by thin-layer chromatography （TLC）, UV-Vis spectroscopy and gas chromatography （GC） techniques suggested that PNP was converted to hydroquinone （HQ） and further degraded via 1,2,4-benzenetriol （1 ,2,4-BT） pathway.展开更多
A nitrile hydratase (NHase) hyper-producing Rhodococcus ruber strain LUV30-06 was bred by mutagenization on the starting strain CGMCC3090 with ultraviolet irradiation and lithium chloride. The NHase activity of the st...A nitrile hydratase (NHase) hyper-producing Rhodococcus ruber strain LUV30-06 was bred by mutagenization on the starting strain CGMCC3090 with ultraviolet irradiation and lithium chloride. The NHase activity of the strain LUV30-06 was increased by 21.99% (3881.3 U/ml), as compared with that of R. ruber CGMCC3090 (3181.4 U/ml). The mutant strain UV30-06 has been proved genetically stable with higher NHase activity in seven successive subcultures as well as random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD).展开更多
Background:The application of fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)to improve swine growth performance has been sporadically studied.Most of these studies used a single microbiota source and thus the effect of donor c...Background:The application of fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)to improve swine growth performance has been sporadically studied.Most of these studies used a single microbiota source and thus the effect of donor characteristics on recipient pigs’fecal microbiota development and growth performance is largely unknown.Results:In this study,we collected feces from six donors with heavy(H)or light(L)body weight and different ages(d 42,nursery;d 96,growing;and d 170,finisher)to evaluate their effects on the growth performance and fecal microbiota development of recipient pigs.Generally,recipients that received two doses of FMT from nursery and finisher stages donor at weaning(21±2 days of age)inherited the donor’s growth pattern,while the pigs gavaged with grower stage material exerted a numerically greater weight gain than the control pigs regardless of donor BW.FMT from heavier donors(NH,GH,and FH)led to the recipients to have numerically increased growth compared to their lighter counterparts(NL,GL,and FL,respectively)throughout the growing and most finishing stages.This benefit could be attributed to the enrichment of ASV25 Faecalibacterium,ASV61 Faecalibacterium,ASV438 Coriobacteriaceae_unclassified,ASV144 Bulleidia,and ASV129 Oribacterium and decrease of ASV13 Escherichia during nursery stage.Fecal microbiota transplantation from growing and finishing donors influenced the microbial community significantly in recipient pigs during the nursery stage.FMT of older donors’gut microbiota expedited recipients’microbiota maturity on d 35 and 49,indicated by increased estimated microbiota ages.The ageassociated bacterial taxa included ASV206 Ruminococcaceae,ASV211 Butyrivibrio,ASV416 Bacteroides,ASV2 Streptococcus,and ASV291 Veillonellaceae.The body weight differences between GL and GH pigs on d 104 were associated with the increased synthesis of the essential amino acid,lysine and methionine,mixed acid fermentation,expedited glycolysis,and sucrose/galactose degradation.Conclusions:Overall,our study provided insights into how donor age and body weight affect FMT outcomes regarding growth performance,microbiota community shifts,and lower GI tract metabolic potentials.This study also provided guidance to select qualified donors for future fecal microbiota transplantation.展开更多
The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of xylooligosaecharides （XOS） and probiotics （PR） on performance, milk compo- sition and diarrhea incidence of sows or their offspring. From da...The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of xylooligosaecharides （XOS） and probiotics （PR） on performance, milk compo- sition and diarrhea incidence of sows or their offspring. From day 90 of gestation until weaning, a total of 60 muhiparous sows were randomly assigned to three groups and given three different diets that included either the control diet （ sCON, n = 20 ）, the control diet containing 175 mg/kg XOS （ sXOS, n = 20 ） or 175 mg/kg XOS and 300 mg/kg probiotics （sXOS ＋ PR, n =20）. On day 21 of age, offspring were assigned within sow treatments to the piglet basal diet （pCON） or the piglet basal, diet supplemented with 175 mg/kg XOS （pXOS） for 28 d. Sow feed intake was recorded daily. Body weight and feed consumption of the pigs in each replicate were determined biweekly （on day 0, 14 and 28） to calculate the average daily gain （ADG） of body weight, average daily feed intake （ADFI） and the gain-to-feed ratio （ G： F）. The colostrum and milk samples were obtained on day 0 and 14 of lactation, respectively. Sow XOS or XOS ＋ PR dietary had no effect on the number of total piglets born and born alive and the piglet weight at birth. Milk composition in sow colostrum and milk were not affected by sow diet XOS or （ XOS ＋ PR） supplementation （ P 〉 0.05 ）. No maternal dietary effect was observed on the weaning weight and pre-weaning weight gains of piglets. However, there were interaction effects between sow and piglet dietary treatments on diarrhea rate and diarrhea index during day 35 -49 （P = 0.03 ） and day 21 -49 （P =0.02）. Although sow diet XOS and （XOS ＋ PR ） supplementation did not influence growth performance of weanling piglets, such as ADG and ADFI （ P 〉0.05 ）, piglets XOS supplementation significantly decreased ADFI during the whole experiment period and increased G： F during day 35 -49 and day 21 -49 （ P 〈0.05 ）. These results might suggest that combination of XOS and PR in sow diets had negative impact on the diarrhea incidence of offspring. XOS supplementation in weaned piglet diets decreased ADFI and feed conversion efficiency of weaning piglets.展开更多
Gliadin, the major storage protein in endosperm, affects grain quality in spring wheat by its content and composition. Eighteen cultivars differing in HMW-GS were used in the study to approach the accumulation pattern...Gliadin, the major storage protein in endosperm, affects grain quality in spring wheat by its content and composition. Eighteen cultivars differing in HMW-GS were used in the study to approach the accumulation pattern of gliadin fractions α, β, γ, ω and regulation of three kinds of nitrogen source. The results showed that the content of gliadin in grains increased gradually along with the process of grain-filling, but the accumulation intensity and final content differed evidently among cultivars with different HMW-GS composition. Of all the subunit types used here, cultivars with subunits 7＋9 and 2＋12 had smaller accumulation intensity and lower final content. During grain-filling, 4 gliadin fractions had the same increase trend, but differed in accumulation course. The dynamic trends of gliadin accumulation were similar in different nitrogen treatments whose effects on initial amount, accumulation intensity and final level of accumulation varied with cultivars. Of three nitrogen fertilizer types, the amide-form nitrogen source was better to the formation and accumulation of gliadin as well as its four fractions.展开更多
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with marine microbe accumulating n-3 fatty acids on growth performance, relative organ weight and fatty acid composition of thigh meat in bro...This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with marine microbe accumulating n-3 fatty acids on growth performance, relative organ weight and fatty acid composition of thigh meat in broilers. A total of 480 broilers were randomly allotted to three treat-ments with eight replications per treatment and 20 chicks per pen. A corn-soybean meal-based diet was formulated as a control diet and the broilers were then provided with one of the following dietary treatments:(1) CON(basal diet);(2) N0.1(basal diet+0.10% marine microbe accumulating n-3 fatty acids);(3) N0.2(basal diet+0.20% marine microbe accumulating n-3 fatty acids). No significant differences were observed in the growth performance or the relative organ weight among treatments. However, the levels of saturated fatty acids(SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)were significantly lower(P<0.05) in groups that received the n-3 fatty acids treatments, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) were increased(P<0.05) significantly in these groups. Overall, these results indicate that dietary supplementation with marine microbe accumulating n-3 fatty acids can increase PUFA and decrease SFA and MUFA in thigh meat.展开更多
[Objective]The test was to investigate the effects of MM(Moringa oleifera and Morinda citrifolia)extracts on reproductive performance of multiparous sows and growth performance of suckling piglets.[Method]A total of 6...[Objective]The test was to investigate the effects of MM(Moringa oleifera and Morinda citrifolia)extracts on reproductive performance of multiparous sows and growth performance of suckling piglets.[Method]A total of 60 multiparous sows(Landrace×Large White,2-4 parities)were randomly assigned into two treatments,30 replicates per treatment and one sow per replicate.Sows in control group were fed with basal diet,and those in experimental groups were fed with the basal diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg MM extract.The trial lasted 28 d(from 7 d before delivery to 21 d post lactation).[Result]MM extract had no significant effect on sow’s stage of labor and estrus rate at 7 d post weaning(P>0.05).MM extract had no significant impact on growth performance of suckling piglets(P>0.05).[Conclusion]Addition of MM extracts in the diet of multiparous sows at 7 d before delivery did not improve the performance of sows and piglets,but shortened sow’s stage of labor and promoted estrus of sows after weaning to a certain extent.展开更多
The title structure of 14-O-[（4-amino-6-hydroxy-pyrimidine-2-yl）thioacetyl] mutilin, C26H47N3O5S, has been synthesized using 22-O-tosyl pleuromutilin and 4-amine-6-hydroxy-2-mercatopyrimidine monohydrate, and its st...The title structure of 14-O-[（4-amino-6-hydroxy-pyrimidine-2-yl）thioacetyl] mutilin, C26H47N3O5S, has been synthesized using 22-O-tosyl pleuromutilin and 4-amine-6-hydroxy-2-mercatopyrimidine monohydrate, and its structure was characterized by IR, NMR, H RMS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This compound has a 5-6-8 tricyclic carbon skeleton and a pyrimidine ring. It crystallizes in orthorhombic, space group P212121 with a = 10.494（3）, b = 16.997（5）, c = 16.997 A, Z = 4, Dc = 1.275 Mg×m^–3, μ = 0.220 mm^–1, F（000） = 1248, wR（F^2） = 0.1159 and R = 0.0381. The preliminary biological test showed that the title compound has more potent inhibitions to Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA and MRSE than that of tiamulin fumarate in vitro.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to study the effects of Macleaya cordata extracts on growth performance and immune function of immunosuppressed laying chicks. [Method] A total of 120 1-day-old laying chicks with the body we...[Objective] The paper was to study the effects of Macleaya cordata extracts on growth performance and immune function of immunosuppressed laying chicks. [Method] A total of 120 1-day-old laying chicks with the body weight of (38.76±1.12) g were randomly divided into 3 groups with 40 replicates per treatment and 1 chick per replicate according to the principle of consistent body weight and half male and half female,namely control group, cyclophosphamide (CTX) group and M. cordata group. The trial lasted 21 d. The chicks in control group and CTX group were fed with basal diet, and those in M. cordata group were fed with the basal diet supplemented with 40 mg/kg M. cordata extract. On the 8^(th), 9^(th), 10^(th) and 17^(th) day of the trial, the chicks in CTX group and M. cordata group were intraperitoneally injected with 80 mg/kg BW CTX, and those in control group were intraperitoneally injected with equal dose of normal saline. [Result] (1) Compared with control group, the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of chicks in CTX group reduced significantly;the feed gain ratio (F/G) increased significantly;the white blood cell count (WBC) decreased significantly;the alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspertate aminotransferase (AST) levels in the blood increased significant -ly;the total protein (TP) and globulin (GLOB) content in the blood decreased significantly;the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased significantly;and the contents of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the serum decreased significantly. (2)Compared with CTX group, the ADG and ADFI of chicks in M. cordata group increased significantly;the F/G decreased significantly;the WBC, red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematokrit (HCT) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) increased sig -nificantly;the contents of ALT, AST and MDA in the serum decreased significantly;the contents of TP, GLOB, IgG, Ig M, IL -1β, interleukin-6(IL-6) and IL-10 in the serum increased significantly;and the bursa of fabricius index increased significantly. (3) Compared with control group, the ADG and ADFI of chicks in M. cordata group increased significantly, and the contents of HGB and HCT in the blood increased significantly. [Conclusion] CTX injection will reduce the growth performance, antioxidant and immune function of laying chicks. The addition of M. cordata extract could restore the growth performance, immune function and antioxidant function impaired by CTX.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to study effects of small peptide chelated trace elements(copper,iron,zinc and manganese)on growth performance,chicken quality and antioxidant capacity of rapid yellow feather broilers.[Method...[Objective]The paper was to study effects of small peptide chelated trace elements(copper,iron,zinc and manganese)on growth performance,chicken quality and antioxidant capacity of rapid yellow feather broilers.[Method]Three hundred one-day-old yellow feather broilers with similar body weight were selected and randomly divided into three treatments:inorganic trace element group(basal diet+inorganic trace elements),organic trace element group(basal diet+small peptide chelated trace elements)and compound group(basal diet+50%inorganic trace elements+50%small peptide chelated trace elements).There were 10 replicates per treatment and 10 chickens per replicate.The trial lasted for 63 d.[Result]①Compared to inorganic trace element group,average daily gain(ADG)of yellow feather broilers in organic trace element group was significantly increased over the whole period(P<0.05).②There was no significant difference in slaughter performance and immune organ indices among the three test groups(P>0.05).③There was no significant difference in breast muscle pH,chicken color,drip loss,and shear force among the three groups(P>0.05),but cooking loss of chicken breast in inorganic trace element group was 27.46%and 22.53%higher than those in organic trace element group and compound group,respectively(P<0.05).④MDA content in serum in organic trace element group was 15.61%lower than that in inorganic trace element group(P<0.05).[Conclusion]Complete substitution of inorganic copper,iron,zinc and manganese by small peptide chelated copper,iron,zinc,and manganese significantly increases ADG of broilers,improves quality of chicken breast,and enhances antioxidant capacity.展开更多
In order to study the effective water-saving cultivation of wheat in Sichuan under drought conditions to reduce grain loss,the effects of different irrigation methods（ natural rainfall,artificial irrigation,and infil...In order to study the effective water-saving cultivation of wheat in Sichuan under drought conditions to reduce grain loss,the effects of different irrigation methods（ natural rainfall,artificial irrigation,and infiltrating irrigation） on soil physical characteristics and main agronomic characters and yield of wheat were analyzed. The results showed that different irrigation treatments at different growth stages had different effects on soil physical characteristics and agronomic characters of wheat. At the seedling and jointing stage,there were small differences between the treatments in soil compactness,soil bulk density,and soil water content. At the flowering and maturation stage,different irrigation treatments had great impacts on soil compactness,soil bulk density,soil water content,and agronomic characters of wheat. In the hilly areas of Sichuan Basin,infiltrating irrigation at the jointing stage was the best,and wheat yield increased significantly,2 113. 46 kg/hm^2 higher than that in the control.展开更多
This study was conducted to determine the effects of yeast cell wall polysaccharides（YCWP） on reproductive performance, serum profiles and milk composition during late gestation and lactation. A total of 96 sows（La...This study was conducted to determine the effects of yeast cell wall polysaccharides（YCWP） on reproductive performance, serum profiles and milk composition during late gestation and lactation. A total of 96 sows（Landrace × Yorkshire） were blocked on a basis of breed, parity（2-3）and their respective d 85 of gestation, and then randomly allotted to the following three dietary treatments： CON（basal diet, treatment 1）, YCWP1（CON＋0.2% YCWP, treatment 2） and YCWP2（CON＋0.4% YCWP, treatment 3）. The experiment lasted from d 85 of gestation to weaning（d 21 of lactation）. Sows fed YCWP diets had lower backfat thickness reduction from postpartum to weaning（ P〈0.05）. The supplementation of YCWP tended to increase litter weight at weaning（P=0.08） compared with CON. The non-lipid and total milk solids in colostrum was improved by YCWP2（P〈0.05）.No differences were observed in milk composition among dietary treatments（ P〉0.05）. The supplementation of YCWP decreased（P〈0.05） the levels of alanine amino transferase（ALT）, aspartate amino transferase（AST）, while it did not affect（ P〉0.05） alkaline phosphatase（ALP）, total protein（TP）,albumin（ALB）, globulin（GLB）, glucose（GLU）, total cholesterol（TC）, triglyceride（TG） or immunoglobulin G（IgG） in the sow serum. The serum IgG of piglets was increased by the YCWP. The levels of serum ALT and AST were reduced（P〈0.05） for suckling piglets in YCWP treatments. Taken together, the results of current studies might indicate beneficial effects of YCWP supplementation to late gestation and lactation diets on the sow productivity by improving litter weight at weaning, reducing backfat loss, and increasing serum IgG concentrations of piglets.展开更多
The effects of ethephon on the constitutive aerenchyma formation in roots were studied with a rice variety Yangdao 6 as material. The number of air spaces formed by disintegrated cells in mediopellis increased signifi...The effects of ethephon on the constitutive aerenchyma formation in roots were studied with a rice variety Yangdao 6 as material. The number of air spaces formed by disintegrated cells in mediopellis increased significantly with the rising ethephon concentrations, whereas superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity showed downward trends. Compared with the control, the expression levels of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase （XED gene were markedly higher both at the apical 10 mm and distal parts of roots in 100 mg/L ethephon treated plants. The accumulation of XET was supposed to be associated with the aerenchyma development. Furthermore, earlier cortical cell death was observed under the ethephon treatments, and most of nuclei of cells at 4 mm from the root apex disintegrated with many Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and membranebound vesicles around the cell wall.展开更多
Polyphenols are the main active components of the anti-inflammatory compounds in dandelion,and chlorogenic acid(CGA)is one of the primary polyphenols.However,the molecular mechanism underlying the transcriptional regu...Polyphenols are the main active components of the anti-inflammatory compounds in dandelion,and chlorogenic acid(CGA)is one of the primary polyphenols.However,the molecular mechanism underlying the transcriptional regulation of CGA biosynthesis remains unclear.Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase(HQT2)is the last rate-limiting enzyme in chlorogenic acid biosynthesis in Taraxacum antungense.Therefore,using the TaHQT2 gene promoter as a probe,a yeast one-hybrid library was performed,and a basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor,TabHLH1,was identified that shared substantial homology with Gynura bicolor DC bHLH1.The TabHLH1 transcript was highly induced by salt stress,and the TabHLH1 protein was localized in the nucleus.CGA and luteolin concentrations in TabHLH1-overexpression transgenic lines were significantly higher than those in the wild type,while CGA and luteolin concentrations in TabHLH1-RNA interference(RNAi)transgenic lines were significantly lower.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that overexpression and RNAi of TabHLH1 in T.antungense significantly affected CGA and luteolin concentrations by upregulating or downregulating CGA and luteolin biosynthesis pathway genes,especially TaHQT2,4-coumarate-CoA ligase(Ta4CL),chalcone isomerase(TaCHI),and flavonoid-3′-hydroxylase(TaF3′H).Dual-luciferase,yeast one-hybrid,and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that TabHLH1 directly bound to the bHLH-binding motifs of proTaHQT2 and proTa4CL.This study suggests that TabHLH1 participates in the regulatory network of CGA and luteolin biosynthesis in T.antungense and might be useful for metabolic engineering to promote plant polyphenol biosynthesis.展开更多
基金the University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station,Hatch Project No.AR002234,National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170430)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding(2019B030301010)Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes(2019KSYS011).
文摘Background Stocker cattle diet and management influence beef cattle performance during the finishing stage,but knowledge of the dynamics of the rumen microbiome associated with the host are lacking.A longitudinal study was conducted to determine how the feeding strategy from the stocker to the finishing stages of production affects the temporal dynamics of rumen microbiota.During the stocker phase,either dry hay or wheat pasture were provided,and three levels of monensin were administrated.All calves were then transported to a feedlot and received similar finishing diets with or without monensin.Rumen microbial samples were collected on d 0,28,85 during the stocker stage(S0,S28 and S85)and d 0,14,28,56,30 d before slaughter and the end of the trial during the finishing stage(F0,F14,F28,F56,Pre-Ba,and Final).The V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene of 263 rumen samples was sequenced.Results Higher alpha diversity,including the number of observed bacterial features and the Shannon index,was observed in the stocker phase compared to the finishing phase.The bacterial amplicon sequence variants(ASVs)differentiating different sampling time points were identified.Dietary treatments during the stocker stage temporally impact the dynamics of rumen microbiota.For example,shared bacteria,including Bacteroidales(ASV19)and Streptococcus infantarius(ASV94),were significantly higher in hay rumen on S28,S85,and F0,while Bacteroidaceae(ASV11)and Limivicinus(ASV15)were more abundant in wheat.Monensin affected rumen microbial composition at a specific time.Transportation to feedlot significantly influenced microbiome structure and diversity in hay-fed calves.Bacterial taxa associated with body weight were classified,and core microbiotas interacted with each other during the trial.Conclusions In summary,the temporal dynamics of the rumen microbiome in cattle at the stocker and finishing stage are influenced by multiple factors of the feeding strategy.Diet at the stocker phase may temporarily affect the microbial composition during this stage.Modulating the rumen microbiome in the steers at the stocker stage affects the microbial interactions and performance in the finishing stage.
文摘Due to the removal of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) and consumer pressure for antibiotic-free (ABF) or no antibiotics ever (NAE) poultry production, there is a need for sustainable alternatives to prevent disease in commercial poultry operations. Without AGPs, there has been a rise in diseases that were traditionally controlled by subtherapeutic levels of antibiotics in the diet. This has impacted the health of commercial poultry and has been a significant cost to poultry producers. To mitigate this, the industry has started to investigate alternatives to antibiotics to treat these forthcoming health issues, such as necrotic enteritis (NE). NE is an enteric disease caused by an over proliferation of toxigenic Clostridium perfringens (CP) in the gastrointestinal tract. Although CP is a commensal in the avian intestinal tract, dysbiosis caused by inflammation and impaired intestinal integrity facilitates uncontrolled replication of CP. Infectious agents, such as Eimeria maxima, appear to be a predominant predisposing factor that promotes NE. However, non-infectious stressors, including dietary changes, have also been associated with NE to some degree. As a result of increased pressure to restrict the use of antibiotics, there is a need for research evaluating the efficacy of alternatives, such as plant-derived essential oils, as potential tools to mitigate NE in commercial poultry flocks. The aim of this study is to review the effects of essential oils as an alternative to antibiotics to reduce the incidence and severity of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens.
基金supported by the Henan Province Science and Technology Research Project, China (Grant No. 242102110232)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31801677)the Major Program of Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research, China (Grant No. 2019B030302006)。
文摘Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA, is a major disease in rice-growing areas worldwide. Effectors of phytopathogenic fungi play important roles during the infection process of fungal pathogens onto their host plants. However, the molecular mechanisms by which R. solani effectors regulate rice immunity are not well understood. Through prediction, 78 candidate effector molecules were identified. Using the tobacco rattle virus-host induced gene silencing(TRV-HIGS) system, 45 RNAi constructs of effector genes were infiltrated into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The results revealed that eight of these constructs resulted in a significant reduction in necrosis caused by infection with the AG1-IA strain GD-118. Additionally, stable rice transformants carrying the double-stranded RNA construct for one of the effector genes, AGLIP1, were generated to further verify the function of this gene. The suppression of the AGLIP1 gene increased the resistance of both N. benthamiana and rice against GD-118, and also affected the growth rate of GD-118, indicating that AGLIP1 is a key pathogenic factor. Small RNA sequencing showed that the HIGS vectors were processed into si RNAs within the plants and then translocated to the fungi, leading to the silencing of the target genes. As a result, AGLIP1 might be an excellent candidate for HIGS, thereby enhancing crop resistance against the pathogen and contributing to the control of R. solani infection.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for CARS(Grant No.CARS-09)High Technology Industrialization of Sccience and Technology Cooperation Between Jilin Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2021SYHZ0005)Key Research and Development Plan of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(Grant No.2020BBF03018).
文摘Chuño production is a kind of ancient method of potato preservation that has been used to the present day.In this study,physicochemical property and nutrition quality of white chuño(WC),black chuño,and dehydrated potato flour prepared by hot air drying(AD)and freezing drying were analyzed and compared.The results revealed that the average particle size of the starch in WC is almost 10 times of the dehydrated potato flour by AD treatment according to the laser particle size meter.During the dehydration of WC,water-soluble minerals(K+,Mg2+),proteins,ascorbic acid,etc.were partly lost while Ca2+content increased dramatically.In addition,WC showed the lowest antioxidant capacity among the four different kinds of dehydrated potato products.The polyphenol oxidase activity of WC,black chuño and AD were between 0.62–12.2 U/g fresh weight,which indicated that the color will be stable when chuño was used as staple food ingredient in the subsequent process.Therefore,as a potato processed food,chuño displayed great potential for promotion in the cold and poor rural areas of the northern China.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(No 200305-50-1)
文摘Cigarette smoking is correlated with the development of various cancers. 4- （Methylnitresoamino） -1- （3-pyridyl） - 1-butanone（NNK） is one of the major tobacco-specific carcinogens in the cigarette smoke, which increases the risk of breast cancer. In the present study, it was demonstrated that NNK rapidly activated ERK1 and ERK2 MAP kinases in human normal mammary epithelial cells. It was found that there are two different routes for the activation of ERK1/2 with NNK. One is from nicotinic receptor nAchR to MEK1/2, and the other is from tyrosine kinase containing receptor to MEK1/2. The tobacco-specific carcinogen NNK shows a strong proliferative effect on normal human mammary epithelial cells and cancer mammary epithelial cells.
基金Swine Innovation Porc Canada provided the funding support
文摘Background: Soybean meal is an excellent and cost-effective protein source; however, its usage is limited in the piglet due to the presence of anti-nutritional factors and the antigens glycinin and β-conglycinin. The objective of the current study was to screen and select for bacteria that can be efficiently adopted to ferment soybean meal in order to solve this problem.Results: Bacteria were isolated from fermented soy foods and the grass carp intestine, and strains selected for high protease, cellulase and amylase activities. The isolated bacteria were characterized as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacilus amyloliquefacien, respectively. Fermentation with food-derived Isolate-2 and fish-derived F-9 increased crude protein content by 5.32% and 8.27%, respectively; improved the amino acid profile by increasing certain essential amino acids, broke down larger soy protein to 35 k Da and under, eliminated antigenicity against glycinin and β-conglycinin, and removed raffinose and stachyose in the soybean meal following a 24-h fermentation.Conclusions: Our results suggest these two B. amyloliquefaciens bacteria can efficiently solid state ferment soybean meal and ultimately produce a more utilizable food source for growing healthy piglets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30771429)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(No.20060511002)the Construction Fund for"211" Project of the Ministry of Education of China and the Excellent Middle-aged and Younger Talents Foundation of Hubei Province of China(No.Q200727005)
文摘The kinetics and mechanisms of p-nitrophenol （PNP） biodegradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa HS-D38 were investigated. PNP could be used by HS-D38 strain as the sole carbon, nitrogen and energy sources, and PNP was mineralized at the maximum concentration of 500 mg/L within 24 h in an mineral salt medium （MSM）. The analytical results indicated that the biodegradation of PNP fit the first order kinetics model. The rate constant kpNp is 2.039 ×10^-2/h in MSM medium, KeNp＋N is 3.603 × 10^-2/h with the addition of ammonium chloride and KPNP＋c is 9.74 ×10^-3/h with additional glucose. The addition of ammonium chloride increased the degradation of PNP. On the contrary, the addition of glucose inhibited and delayed the biodegradation of PNP. Chemical analysis results by thin-layer chromatography （TLC）, UV-Vis spectroscopy and gas chromatography （GC） techniques suggested that PNP was converted to hydroquinone （HQ） and further degraded via 1,2,4-benzenetriol （1 ,2,4-BT） pathway.
文摘A nitrile hydratase (NHase) hyper-producing Rhodococcus ruber strain LUV30-06 was bred by mutagenization on the starting strain CGMCC3090 with ultraviolet irradiation and lithium chloride. The NHase activity of the strain LUV30-06 was increased by 21.99% (3881.3 U/ml), as compared with that of R. ruber CGMCC3090 (3181.4 U/ml). The mutant strain UV30-06 has been proved genetically stable with higher NHase activity in seven successive subcultures as well as random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD).
基金partially supported by a USDA NIFA grant(2018-67015-27479)Walmart Foundation(Project#61626817).
文摘Background:The application of fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)to improve swine growth performance has been sporadically studied.Most of these studies used a single microbiota source and thus the effect of donor characteristics on recipient pigs’fecal microbiota development and growth performance is largely unknown.Results:In this study,we collected feces from six donors with heavy(H)or light(L)body weight and different ages(d 42,nursery;d 96,growing;and d 170,finisher)to evaluate their effects on the growth performance and fecal microbiota development of recipient pigs.Generally,recipients that received two doses of FMT from nursery and finisher stages donor at weaning(21±2 days of age)inherited the donor’s growth pattern,while the pigs gavaged with grower stage material exerted a numerically greater weight gain than the control pigs regardless of donor BW.FMT from heavier donors(NH,GH,and FH)led to the recipients to have numerically increased growth compared to their lighter counterparts(NL,GL,and FL,respectively)throughout the growing and most finishing stages.This benefit could be attributed to the enrichment of ASV25 Faecalibacterium,ASV61 Faecalibacterium,ASV438 Coriobacteriaceae_unclassified,ASV144 Bulleidia,and ASV129 Oribacterium and decrease of ASV13 Escherichia during nursery stage.Fecal microbiota transplantation from growing and finishing donors influenced the microbial community significantly in recipient pigs during the nursery stage.FMT of older donors’gut microbiota expedited recipients’microbiota maturity on d 35 and 49,indicated by increased estimated microbiota ages.The ageassociated bacterial taxa included ASV206 Ruminococcaceae,ASV211 Butyrivibrio,ASV416 Bacteroides,ASV2 Streptococcus,and ASV291 Veillonellaceae.The body weight differences between GL and GH pigs on d 104 were associated with the increased synthesis of the essential amino acid,lysine and methionine,mixed acid fermentation,expedited glycolysis,and sucrose/galactose degradation.Conclusions:Overall,our study provided insights into how donor age and body weight affect FMT outcomes regarding growth performance,microbiota community shifts,and lower GI tract metabolic potentials.This study also provided guidance to select qualified donors for future fecal microbiota transplantation.
文摘The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of xylooligosaecharides （XOS） and probiotics （PR） on performance, milk compo- sition and diarrhea incidence of sows or their offspring. From day 90 of gestation until weaning, a total of 60 muhiparous sows were randomly assigned to three groups and given three different diets that included either the control diet （ sCON, n = 20 ）, the control diet containing 175 mg/kg XOS （ sXOS, n = 20 ） or 175 mg/kg XOS and 300 mg/kg probiotics （sXOS ＋ PR, n =20）. On day 21 of age, offspring were assigned within sow treatments to the piglet basal diet （pCON） or the piglet basal, diet supplemented with 175 mg/kg XOS （pXOS） for 28 d. Sow feed intake was recorded daily. Body weight and feed consumption of the pigs in each replicate were determined biweekly （on day 0, 14 and 28） to calculate the average daily gain （ADG） of body weight, average daily feed intake （ADFI） and the gain-to-feed ratio （ G： F）. The colostrum and milk samples were obtained on day 0 and 14 of lactation, respectively. Sow XOS or XOS ＋ PR dietary had no effect on the number of total piglets born and born alive and the piglet weight at birth. Milk composition in sow colostrum and milk were not affected by sow diet XOS or （ XOS ＋ PR） supplementation （ P 〉 0.05 ）. No maternal dietary effect was observed on the weaning weight and pre-weaning weight gains of piglets. However, there were interaction effects between sow and piglet dietary treatments on diarrhea rate and diarrhea index during day 35 -49 （P = 0.03 ） and day 21 -49 （P =0.02）. Although sow diet XOS and （XOS ＋ PR ） supplementation did not influence growth performance of weanling piglets, such as ADG and ADFI （ P 〉0.05 ）, piglets XOS supplementation significantly decreased ADFI during the whole experiment period and increased G： F during day 35 -49 and day 21 -49 （ P 〈0.05 ）. These results might suggest that combination of XOS and PR in sow diets had negative impact on the diarrhea incidence of offspring. XOS supplementation in weaned piglet diets decreased ADFI and feed conversion efficiency of weaning piglets.
文摘Gliadin, the major storage protein in endosperm, affects grain quality in spring wheat by its content and composition. Eighteen cultivars differing in HMW-GS were used in the study to approach the accumulation pattern of gliadin fractions α, β, γ, ω and regulation of three kinds of nitrogen source. The results showed that the content of gliadin in grains increased gradually along with the process of grain-filling, but the accumulation intensity and final content differed evidently among cultivars with different HMW-GS composition. Of all the subunit types used here, cultivars with subunits 7＋9 and 2＋12 had smaller accumulation intensity and lower final content. During grain-filling, 4 gliadin fractions had the same increase trend, but differed in accumulation course. The dynamic trends of gliadin accumulation were similar in different nitrogen treatments whose effects on initial amount, accumulation intensity and final level of accumulation varied with cultivars. Of three nitrogen fertilizer types, the amide-form nitrogen source was better to the formation and accumulation of gliadin as well as its four fractions.
文摘This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with marine microbe accumulating n-3 fatty acids on growth performance, relative organ weight and fatty acid composition of thigh meat in broilers. A total of 480 broilers were randomly allotted to three treat-ments with eight replications per treatment and 20 chicks per pen. A corn-soybean meal-based diet was formulated as a control diet and the broilers were then provided with one of the following dietary treatments:(1) CON(basal diet);(2) N0.1(basal diet+0.10% marine microbe accumulating n-3 fatty acids);(3) N0.2(basal diet+0.20% marine microbe accumulating n-3 fatty acids). No significant differences were observed in the growth performance or the relative organ weight among treatments. However, the levels of saturated fatty acids(SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)were significantly lower(P<0.05) in groups that received the n-3 fatty acids treatments, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) were increased(P<0.05) significantly in these groups. Overall, these results indicate that dietary supplementation with marine microbe accumulating n-3 fatty acids can increase PUFA and decrease SFA and MUFA in thigh meat.
基金Key Research and Development Project of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2018NZ0046).
文摘[Objective]The test was to investigate the effects of MM(Moringa oleifera and Morinda citrifolia)extracts on reproductive performance of multiparous sows and growth performance of suckling piglets.[Method]A total of 60 multiparous sows(Landrace×Large White,2-4 parities)were randomly assigned into two treatments,30 replicates per treatment and one sow per replicate.Sows in control group were fed with basal diet,and those in experimental groups were fed with the basal diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg MM extract.The trial lasted 28 d(from 7 d before delivery to 21 d post lactation).[Result]MM extract had no significant effect on sow’s stage of labor and estrus rate at 7 d post weaning(P>0.05).MM extract had no significant impact on growth performance of suckling piglets(P>0.05).[Conclusion]Addition of MM extracts in the diet of multiparous sows at 7 d before delivery did not improve the performance of sows and piglets,but shortened sow’s stage of labor and promoted estrus of sows after weaning to a certain extent.
基金Supported by Basic Scientific Research Funds in Central Agricultural Scientific Research Institutions(No.1610322016007)National Key Technology Support Program(No.2015BAD11B02)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP,No.CAASASTIP-2014-LIHPS-04)
文摘The title structure of 14-O-[（4-amino-6-hydroxy-pyrimidine-2-yl）thioacetyl] mutilin, C26H47N3O5S, has been synthesized using 22-O-tosyl pleuromutilin and 4-amine-6-hydroxy-2-mercatopyrimidine monohydrate, and its structure was characterized by IR, NMR, H RMS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This compound has a 5-6-8 tricyclic carbon skeleton and a pyrimidine ring. It crystallizes in orthorhombic, space group P212121 with a = 10.494（3）, b = 16.997（5）, c = 16.997 A, Z = 4, Dc = 1.275 Mg×m^–3, μ = 0.220 mm^–1, F（000） = 1248, wR（F^2） = 0.1159 and R = 0.0381. The preliminary biological test showed that the title compound has more potent inhibitions to Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA and MRSE than that of tiamulin fumarate in vitro.
文摘[Objective] The paper was to study the effects of Macleaya cordata extracts on growth performance and immune function of immunosuppressed laying chicks. [Method] A total of 120 1-day-old laying chicks with the body weight of (38.76±1.12) g were randomly divided into 3 groups with 40 replicates per treatment and 1 chick per replicate according to the principle of consistent body weight and half male and half female,namely control group, cyclophosphamide (CTX) group and M. cordata group. The trial lasted 21 d. The chicks in control group and CTX group were fed with basal diet, and those in M. cordata group were fed with the basal diet supplemented with 40 mg/kg M. cordata extract. On the 8^(th), 9^(th), 10^(th) and 17^(th) day of the trial, the chicks in CTX group and M. cordata group were intraperitoneally injected with 80 mg/kg BW CTX, and those in control group were intraperitoneally injected with equal dose of normal saline. [Result] (1) Compared with control group, the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of chicks in CTX group reduced significantly;the feed gain ratio (F/G) increased significantly;the white blood cell count (WBC) decreased significantly;the alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspertate aminotransferase (AST) levels in the blood increased significant -ly;the total protein (TP) and globulin (GLOB) content in the blood decreased significantly;the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased significantly;and the contents of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the serum decreased significantly. (2)Compared with CTX group, the ADG and ADFI of chicks in M. cordata group increased significantly;the F/G decreased significantly;the WBC, red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematokrit (HCT) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) increased sig -nificantly;the contents of ALT, AST and MDA in the serum decreased significantly;the contents of TP, GLOB, IgG, Ig M, IL -1β, interleukin-6(IL-6) and IL-10 in the serum increased significantly;and the bursa of fabricius index increased significantly. (3) Compared with control group, the ADG and ADFI of chicks in M. cordata group increased significantly, and the contents of HGB and HCT in the blood increased significantly. [Conclusion] CTX injection will reduce the growth performance, antioxidant and immune function of laying chicks. The addition of M. cordata extract could restore the growth performance, immune function and antioxidant function impaired by CTX.
文摘[Objective]The paper was to study effects of small peptide chelated trace elements(copper,iron,zinc and manganese)on growth performance,chicken quality and antioxidant capacity of rapid yellow feather broilers.[Method]Three hundred one-day-old yellow feather broilers with similar body weight were selected and randomly divided into three treatments:inorganic trace element group(basal diet+inorganic trace elements),organic trace element group(basal diet+small peptide chelated trace elements)and compound group(basal diet+50%inorganic trace elements+50%small peptide chelated trace elements).There were 10 replicates per treatment and 10 chickens per replicate.The trial lasted for 63 d.[Result]①Compared to inorganic trace element group,average daily gain(ADG)of yellow feather broilers in organic trace element group was significantly increased over the whole period(P<0.05).②There was no significant difference in slaughter performance and immune organ indices among the three test groups(P>0.05).③There was no significant difference in breast muscle pH,chicken color,drip loss,and shear force among the three groups(P>0.05),but cooking loss of chicken breast in inorganic trace element group was 27.46%and 22.53%higher than those in organic trace element group and compound group,respectively(P<0.05).④MDA content in serum in organic trace element group was 15.61%lower than that in inorganic trace element group(P<0.05).[Conclusion]Complete substitution of inorganic copper,iron,zinc and manganese by small peptide chelated copper,iron,zinc,and manganese significantly increases ADG of broilers,improves quality of chicken breast,and enhances antioxidant capacity.
文摘In order to study the effective water-saving cultivation of wheat in Sichuan under drought conditions to reduce grain loss,the effects of different irrigation methods（ natural rainfall,artificial irrigation,and infiltrating irrigation） on soil physical characteristics and main agronomic characters and yield of wheat were analyzed. The results showed that different irrigation treatments at different growth stages had different effects on soil physical characteristics and agronomic characters of wheat. At the seedling and jointing stage,there were small differences between the treatments in soil compactness,soil bulk density,and soil water content. At the flowering and maturation stage,different irrigation treatments had great impacts on soil compactness,soil bulk density,soil water content,and agronomic characters of wheat. In the hilly areas of Sichuan Basin,infiltrating irrigation at the jointing stage was the best,and wheat yield increased significantly,2 113. 46 kg/hm^2 higher than that in the control.
基金Supported by Zhoushan Scientific and Technological Plan Program"Exploration of Net Hauler Safety Device for Fishing Trawler"(2016C32021)
文摘This study was conducted to determine the effects of yeast cell wall polysaccharides（YCWP） on reproductive performance, serum profiles and milk composition during late gestation and lactation. A total of 96 sows（Landrace × Yorkshire） were blocked on a basis of breed, parity（2-3）and their respective d 85 of gestation, and then randomly allotted to the following three dietary treatments： CON（basal diet, treatment 1）, YCWP1（CON＋0.2% YCWP, treatment 2） and YCWP2（CON＋0.4% YCWP, treatment 3）. The experiment lasted from d 85 of gestation to weaning（d 21 of lactation）. Sows fed YCWP diets had lower backfat thickness reduction from postpartum to weaning（ P〈0.05）. The supplementation of YCWP tended to increase litter weight at weaning（P=0.08） compared with CON. The non-lipid and total milk solids in colostrum was improved by YCWP2（P〈0.05）.No differences were observed in milk composition among dietary treatments（ P〉0.05）. The supplementation of YCWP decreased（P〈0.05） the levels of alanine amino transferase（ALT）, aspartate amino transferase（AST）, while it did not affect（ P〉0.05） alkaline phosphatase（ALP）, total protein（TP）,albumin（ALB）, globulin（GLB）, glucose（GLU）, total cholesterol（TC）, triglyceride（TG） or immunoglobulin G（IgG） in the sow serum. The serum IgG of piglets was increased by the YCWP. The levels of serum ALT and AST were reduced（P〈0.05） for suckling piglets in YCWP treatments. Taken together, the results of current studies might indicate beneficial effects of YCWP supplementation to late gestation and lactation diets on the sow productivity by improving litter weight at weaning, reducing backfat loss, and increasing serum IgG concentrations of piglets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.30871467)
文摘The effects of ethephon on the constitutive aerenchyma formation in roots were studied with a rice variety Yangdao 6 as material. The number of air spaces formed by disintegrated cells in mediopellis increased significantly with the rising ethephon concentrations, whereas superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity showed downward trends. Compared with the control, the expression levels of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase （XED gene were markedly higher both at the apical 10 mm and distal parts of roots in 100 mg/L ethephon treated plants. The accumulation of XET was supposed to be associated with the aerenchyma development. Furthermore, earlier cortical cell death was observed under the ethephon treatments, and most of nuclei of cells at 4 mm from the root apex disintegrated with many Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and membranebound vesicles around the cell wall.
基金This work was supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Ten Thousand Program for Leading Talents of Science and Technology Innovation[2018R52050]the National Natural Science Fund of China[Grant numbers:82073963,81522049,81703636,31571735,31270007]+1 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Program for the Cultivation of High-Level Innovative Health Talents,the Research Project of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University(2021JKZDZC06)the Opening Project of Zhejiang Provincial Preponderant and Characteristic Subject of Key University(Traditional Chinese Pharmacology),Zhejiang Chinese Medical University[ZYAOXZD2019006]。
文摘Polyphenols are the main active components of the anti-inflammatory compounds in dandelion,and chlorogenic acid(CGA)is one of the primary polyphenols.However,the molecular mechanism underlying the transcriptional regulation of CGA biosynthesis remains unclear.Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase(HQT2)is the last rate-limiting enzyme in chlorogenic acid biosynthesis in Taraxacum antungense.Therefore,using the TaHQT2 gene promoter as a probe,a yeast one-hybrid library was performed,and a basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor,TabHLH1,was identified that shared substantial homology with Gynura bicolor DC bHLH1.The TabHLH1 transcript was highly induced by salt stress,and the TabHLH1 protein was localized in the nucleus.CGA and luteolin concentrations in TabHLH1-overexpression transgenic lines were significantly higher than those in the wild type,while CGA and luteolin concentrations in TabHLH1-RNA interference(RNAi)transgenic lines were significantly lower.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that overexpression and RNAi of TabHLH1 in T.antungense significantly affected CGA and luteolin concentrations by upregulating or downregulating CGA and luteolin biosynthesis pathway genes,especially TaHQT2,4-coumarate-CoA ligase(Ta4CL),chalcone isomerase(TaCHI),and flavonoid-3′-hydroxylase(TaF3′H).Dual-luciferase,yeast one-hybrid,and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that TabHLH1 directly bound to the bHLH-binding motifs of proTaHQT2 and proTa4CL.This study suggests that TabHLH1 participates in the regulatory network of CGA and luteolin biosynthesis in T.antungense and might be useful for metabolic engineering to promote plant polyphenol biosynthesis.
