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The Mechanism of Drag Reduction around Bodies of Revolution Using Bionic Non-Smooth Surfaces 被引量:16
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作者 Li-mei Tian Lu-quan Ren +2 位作者 Qing-ping Liu Zhi-wu Han Xiao Jiang 《Journal of Bionic Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2007年第2期109-116,共8页
Bionic non-smooth surfaces (BNSS) can reduce drag. Much attention has been paid to the mechanism of shear stress reduction by riblets. The mechanism of pressure force reduction by bionic non-smooth surfaces on bodie... Bionic non-smooth surfaces (BNSS) can reduce drag. Much attention has been paid to the mechanism of shear stress reduction by riblets. The mechanism of pressure force reduction by bionic non-smooth surfaces on bodies of revolution has not been well investigated. In this work CFD simulation has revealed the mechanism of drag reduction by BNSS, which may work in three ways. First, BNSS on bodies of revolution may lower the surface velocity of the medium, which prevents the sudden speed up of air on the cross section. So the bottom pressure of the model would not be disturbed sharply, resulting in less energy loss and drag reduction. Second, the magnitude of vorticity induced by the bionic model becomes smaller because, due to the sculpturing, the growth of tiny air bubbles is avoided. Thus the large moment of inertia induced by large air bubble is reduced. The reduction of the vorticity could reduce the dissipation of the eddy. So the pressure force could also be reduced. Third, the thickness of the momentum layer on the model becomes less which, according to the relationship between the drag coefficient and the momentum thickness, reduces drag. 展开更多
关键词 bionic non-smooth surface drag reduction mechanisms boundary layer pressure force
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Numerical Simulation of Water Level Under Interaction Between Runoff and Estuarine Dynamics in Tidal Reach of the Yangtze River 被引量:8
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作者 雷智鹢 张金善 孔俊 《China Ocean Engineering》 SCIE EI 2009年第3期543-551,共9页
The Yangtze Estuary, the largest estuary in China, is under an obvious interaction between runoff and astronomical tide. The research on the interaction is very important for the exploitation and utilization of water ... The Yangtze Estuary, the largest estuary in China, is under an obvious interaction between runoff and astronomical tide. The research on the interaction is very important for the exploitation and utilization of water resources in this area. A horizontal 2D hydrodynamic numerical model is established and verified in the present study with the modeling rmage from Datong to the Yangtze Estuary. Based on the comparison of high water levels under the interaction between different runoff and estuarine dynamics, some conclusions are drawn. By revealing the general laws about the relationship between the astronomical tide and flood, the flood level is forecasted to lay a foundation for further research on storm surge in the Yangtze Estuary. 展开更多
关键词 Yangtze Estuary tidal reach RUNOFF irtteractions estuarine coast
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Retrieval of the Change of Precipitable Water Vapor by GPS Technique 被引量:9
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作者 WANG Yong LIU Yanping LIU Lintao XU Houze 《Geo-Spatial Information Science》 2007年第4期265-268,共4页
The feasibility of GPS precipitable water vapor (PWV) is discussed based on the comparison of Radiosonde and GPS PWV where the correlation coefficient is 0.94 and the RMS is 4.0 mm. PWV change in the Chinese mainlan... The feasibility of GPS precipitable water vapor (PWV) is discussed based on the comparison of Radiosonde and GPS PWV where the correlation coefficient is 0.94 and the RMS is 4.0 mm. PWV change in the Chinese mainland in 2004 is graphed with the gridding method of splines in tension, according to the GPS data of the crust monitor observation network in China, combined with relevant meteorology information. According to the distribution of the annual amount of rainfall in the country, it can be concluded that the total trend of the PWV is diminishing from the south-east coastland to the north-west inland. The PWV reaches its maximum during July and August, and the minimum is reached during January and February. According to the PWV, from high to low, all districts can be ranked as south-east coastland, the inland and the tableland. 展开更多
关键词 GPS-meteorology precipitable water vapor zenith wet delay zenith tropospheric delay
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Numerical simulation and mechanism analysis of freak waves 被引量:8
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作者 ZHANG Yunqiu ZHANG Ningchuan HU Jinpeng 《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2007年第5期116-124,共9页
A numerical wave model based on the modified fourth-order nonlinear Schroe dinger equation (mNLSE) in deep water was developed to simulate the formation of freak waves and a standard split - step, pseudo-spectral me... A numerical wave model based on the modified fourth-order nonlinear Schroe dinger equation (mNLSE) in deep water was developed to simulate the formation of freak waves and a standard split - step, pseudo-spectral method was used to solve the equation. The validation of the model is firstly verified, then the simulation of freak waves was performed by changing sideband conditions, and the variation of wave energy was also analyzed in the evolution. The results indicate that Benjamin - Feir instability ( sideband instability) is an important mechanism for freak wave formation. 展开更多
关键词 freak waves nonlinear Schroe dinger equation pseudo-spectral method sideband instability numerical model
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Multi-grid simulation of pedestrian counter flow with topological interaction 被引量:7
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作者 马剑 宋卫国 廖光煊 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2010年第12期586-594,共9页
We investigate the dynamics of pedestrian counter flow by using a multi-grid topological pedestrian counter flow model. In the model, each pedestrian occupies multi- rather than only one grid, and interacts with other... We investigate the dynamics of pedestrian counter flow by using a multi-grid topological pedestrian counter flow model. In the model, each pedestrian occupies multi- rather than only one grid, and interacts with others in the form of topological interaction, which means that a moving pedestrian interacts with a fixed number of those nearest neighbours coming from the opposite direction to determine his/her own moving direction. Thus the discretization of space and time are much finer, the decision making process of the pedestrian is more reliable, which all together makes the moving behaviour and boundary conditions much more realistic. When compared with field observations, it can be found that the modified model is able to reproduce well fitted pedestrian collective behaviour such as dynamical variation of lane formation, clustering of pedestrians in the same direction, etc. The fundamental diagram produced by the model fits also well with field data in thc frce flow region. Further analyses indicate that with the increase of the size of pedestrian counter flow system, it becomes harder for the system to transit into a jamming state, while the increase of interaction range does not change the transition point from free flow to jamming flow in the multi-grid topological counter flow model. It is also found that the asymmetry of the injection rate of pedestrians on the boundaries has direct influence on the process of transition from free flow to jamming flow, i.e., a symmetric injection makes it easier for the system to transit into jamming flow. 展开更多
关键词 pedestrian dynamics topological interaction multi-grid model lane formation
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Electrospun CoSe@N-doped carbon nanofibers with highly capacitive Li storage 被引量:8
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作者 Jiandong Liu Jiaojiao Liang +1 位作者 Caiyun Wang Jianmin Ma 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2019年第6期160-166,共7页
One-dimensional nano-structured materials have attracted attention due to its unique properties afforded such as the across-linked structures and large aspect ratios.In this work,one-dimensional CoSe@N-doped carbon na... One-dimensional nano-structured materials have attracted attention due to its unique properties afforded such as the across-linked structures and large aspect ratios.In this work,one-dimensional CoSe@N-doped carbon nanofibers(CoSe@NCNFs)are successfully by combining the techniques of electrospinning and annealing.Selenium powder are directly dispersed in the polyacrylonitrile/N,N-Dimethylformamide(DMF)solution containing cobalt salt to form the product.The performance of these materials was investigated in Li-ion batteries after the annealing at different temperatures.The Co Se@NC nanofibers annealed at 550℃(CoSe@NC-550)and displayed excellent storage properties,affording a high capacity of 796 m Ah·g-1at a current density of 1 A·g^-1 for 100 cycles.Moreover,it is confirmed that the pseudocapacitive contribution of CoSe@NC-550 is up to 72.8%at the scan rate of 1 mV/s through the cyclic voltammetry analysis. 展开更多
关键词 CoSe ANODE NANOFIBERS ELECTROSPINNING LI-ION batteries
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Method of spillover identification in urban street networks using loop detector outputs 被引量:5
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作者 马东方 王殿海 +2 位作者 孙锋 别一鸣 金盛 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2013年第2期572-578,共7页
Quick and reliable identification of the traffic state is of critical importance to traffic control systems, especially when spillovers appear. Firstly, a calculation method for the occupancy per cycle under different... Quick and reliable identification of the traffic state is of critical importance to traffic control systems, especially when spillovers appear. Firstly, a calculation method for the occupancy per cycle under different traffic conditions were presented, based on the relationship between the three basic traffic flow parameters, speed, traffic flow and density. Secondly, the times at which the stopping and starting waves approach a loop detector were confirmed using the traffic wave models modified by a kinematic equation. Then, the threshold of occupancy, which characterizes the appearance of spillovers, was determined by the premise that the stopping and starting waves had the same speed. At last, the accuracy and usability of the new method were verified by VISSIM simulation, using the ratio of misjudgment as the evaluation index. The results show that the ratio of misjudgment of the new method is about 11.36% compared to 17.65% of the previous method. 展开更多
关键词 OCCUPANCY SPILLOVER shock wave queue length SIMULATION
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Numerical Simulation for Arc Windshields of Aircrafts Subjected to Bird Impact 被引量:4
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作者 Yao Xiaohu Zhao Longmao Liu Xiaoming 《上海交通大学学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2004年第z2期147-151,共5页
A finite element model including full-scale circular arc windshield glass and the relative parts of the military plane is established in this paper. The model is analyzed by using an explicit element code LS-DYNA3D fo... A finite element model including full-scale circular arc windshield glass and the relative parts of the military plane is established in this paper. The model is analyzed by using an explicit element code LS-DYNA3D for analyzing the nonlinear dynamic response of structures. The data in aspects of displacement, strain, stress and contact force in the process of deformation are obtained. The deformation and failure mechanism of circular arc windshield glass are discussed. The possible location at which failure may take place is given. The valuable data are provided for designing,researching and producing new windshields with high crashworthiness. 展开更多
关键词 BIRD impact ARC WINDSHIELD dynamic RESPONSE liquid-solid COUPLING
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PREDICTION OF FATIGUE LIVES OF RC BEAMS STRENGTHENED WITH CFL UNDER RANDOM LOADING 被引量:4
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作者 Rongwei Lin Peiyan Huang Chen Zhao Xinyan Guo Xiaohong Zheng 《Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica》 SCIE EI 2008年第4期359-363,共5页
The investigation on fatigue lives of reinforced concrete (RC) structures strength- ened with fiber laminate under random loading is important for the repairing or the strengthening of bridges and the safety of the ... The investigation on fatigue lives of reinforced concrete (RC) structures strength- ened with fiber laminate under random loading is important for the repairing or the strengthening of bridges and the safety of the traffic. In this paper, two methods are developed for predicting the fatigue lives of RC structures strengthened with carbon fiber [aminate (CFL) under random loading based on a residual life and a residual strength model. To discuss the efficiency of the model, 12 RC beams strengthened with CFL are tested under random loading by the MTS810 testing system. The predicted residual strength approximately agrees with test results. 展开更多
关键词 carbon fiber laminate predicted method fatigue life random load RC structure
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Study on Structure of Arched Longitudinal Beams of Deep-Water Wharf 被引量:3
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作者 翟秋 鲁子爱 张淑华 《China Ocean Engineering》 SCIE EI 2008年第4期705-711,共7页
High-pile and beam-slab quays have been widely used after several years development. They are mature enough to be one of the most important structural types of wharves in China coastal areas. In order to accommodate l... High-pile and beam-slab quays have been widely used after several years development. They are mature enough to be one of the most important structural types of wharves in China coastal areas. In order to accommodate large tonnage vessels, wharves should be eorrstructed in deep water gradually. However, conventional high-pile and beam-slab structares are hard to meet the requirements of large deep-water wharf. According to arch' s stress characteristics, a new type of wharf with catenary arched longitudinal beams is presented in this paper. The new wharf structure can make full use of arch's overhead crossing and reinforced concrete compression resistance, improve the interval between transverse bents greatly, and decrease underwater construction quantity. Thus, the construction cost cab be reduced. Take the third phase project of the Yangshan Deep-water Port for example, comparative analysis on catenary arched longitudinal beams and conventional longitudinal beams has been made. The result shows that with the same wharf length and width, the same loads and same longitudinal beam moment, catenary arch structure can improve the interval between bents up to 28 m, decrease the nmnber of piles and underwater construction quantity. 展开更多
关键词 WHARF structural type cateriary arch internal force COST
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Development of A Fully Nonlinear Numerical Wave Tank 被引量:3
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作者 陈永平 李志伟 张长宽 《海洋工程:英文版》 2004年第4期501-514,共14页
A fully nonlinear numerical wave tank based on the solution of the σ-transformed Navier-Stokes equation is developed in this study. The numerical wave is generated from the inflow boundary, where the surface elevati... A fully nonlinear numerical wave tank based on the solution of the σ-transformed Navier-Stokes equation is developed in this study. The numerical wave is generated from the inflow boundary, where the surface elevation and/or velocity are specified by use of the analytical solution or the laboratory data. The Sommerfeld/Orlanski radiation condition in conjunction with an artificial damping zone is applied to reduce wave reflection from the outflow boundary. The whole numerical solution procedures are split into three steps, i.e., advection, diffusion and propagation, and a new method, the Lagrange-Euler Method, instead of the MAC or VOF method, is introduced to solve the free surface elevation at the new time step. Several typical wave cases, including solitary waves, regular waves and irregular waves, are simulated in the wave tank. The robustness and accuracy of the NWT are verified by the good agreement between the numerical results and the linear or nonlinear analytical solutions. This research will be further developed by study of wave-wave, wave-current, wave-structure or wave-jet interaction in the future. 展开更多
关键词 nonlinear numerical wave tank Lagrange-Euler method free sloshing wave solitary wave regular wave irregular wave
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Second-Order Analytic Solutions of Nonlinear Interactions of Edge Waves on A Plane Sloping Bottom 被引量:2
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作者 洪广文 张俞 《China Ocean Engineering》 SCIE EI 2010年第1期1-14,共14页
Based on the full water-wave equation, a second-order analytic solution for nonlinear interaction of short edge waves on a plane sloping bottom is presented in this paper. For special ease of slope angle β = π/2, th... Based on the full water-wave equation, a second-order analytic solution for nonlinear interaction of short edge waves on a plane sloping bottom is presented in this paper. For special ease of slope angle β = π/2, this solution can reduced to the same order solution of deep water gravity surface waves traveling along parallel coastline. Interactions between two edge waves including progressive, standing and partially reflected standing waves are also discussed. The unified analytic expressions with transfer functions for kinematic-dynamic elements of edge waves are also given. The random model of the unified wave motion processes for linear and nonlinear irregular edge waves is formulated, and the corresponding theoreti- cal autocorrelation and spectral density functions of the first and the second orders are derived. The boundary conditions for the determination of the parameters of short edge wave are suggested, that may be seen as one special simple edge wave excitation mechanism and an extension to the sea wave refraction theory. Finally some computation results are demonstrated. 展开更多
关键词 edge waves surface waves nonlinear wave interaction random process AUTOCORRELATION SPECTRA
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Traffic chaos and its prediction based on a nonlinear car-following model 被引量:2
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作者 Hui FU Jianmin XU Lunhui XU 《控制理论与应用(英文版)》 EI 2005年第3期302-307,共6页
This paper discusses the dynamic behavior and its predictions for a simulated traffic flow based on the nonlinear response of a vehicle to the leading car's movement in a single lane. Traffic chaos is a promising fie... This paper discusses the dynamic behavior and its predictions for a simulated traffic flow based on the nonlinear response of a vehicle to the leading car's movement in a single lane. Traffic chaos is a promising field, and chaos theory has been applied to identify and predict its chaotic movement. A simulated traffic flow is generated using a car-following model( GM model), and the distance between two cars is investigated for its dynamic properties. A positive Lyapunov exponent confirms the existence of chaotic behavior in the GM model. A new algorithm using a RBF NN (radial basis function neural network) is proposed to predict this traffic chaos. The experiment shows that the chaotic degree and predictable degree are determined by the first Lyapunov exponent. The algorithm proposed in this paper can be generalized to recognize and predict the chaos of short-time traffic flow series 展开更多
关键词 Car-following model CHAOS Traffic prediction Radial basis function neural network (RBF NN)
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Analyzing the dynamics of Dafeng coastal wetland based on remote sensing image 被引量:2
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作者 Yuezhen SHI Dongjun XIN 《Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry》 EI CAS 2006年第B08期213-213,共1页
关键词 遥感技术 湿地 生态系统 沿海地区
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Operation reliability for on-ramp junction of urban freeway 被引量:2
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作者 慈玉生 吴丽娜 +1 位作者 凌贤长 裴玉龙 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2011年第1期266-270,共5页
A disorder situation of traffic operation always appears in on-ramp junction area of urban freeway,because the operation action for vehicles presents the weaving condition,especially for different vehicle types.Based ... A disorder situation of traffic operation always appears in on-ramp junction area of urban freeway,because the operation action for vehicles presents the weaving condition,especially for different vehicle types.Based on the analysis on the cellular automata theory,and combining with on-site survey data,several key parameters were defined,namely,cellular length,cellular speed,cellular acceleration,updating time interval.In addition,cellular acceleration rule,cellular deceleration rule,random rule,lane-changing rule and other micro-simulation rules were set,and cellular automaton micro-simulation model was set up.Further-more,a micro-simulation module was developed for traffic operation actions of on-ramp junction with Matlab toolbox.Finally,a simulation experiment for traffic operation reliability was done with this micro-simulation module,and the situation of change for on-ramp junction area was obtained under the conditions of different mainline design speed,acceleration lane length,vehicle generation probability and lane-changing probability.The results show that operation reliability for on-ramp junction is determined by the parameters of the probability of vehicle generation and the length of acceleration lane,especially for on-ramp. 展开更多
关键词 on-ramp junction operation reliability cellular automata simulation model
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Method of the left-turning bus priority at intersections based on a variable lane 被引量:1
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作者 Chen Yongheng Li Wanning +1 位作者 Wu Changjian Li Haonan 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2022年第2期195-202,共8页
To reduce the delay of left-turning buses and improve the traffic efficiency at signalized intersections,a novel variable bus approach lane(VBAL)control method based on bus pre-signals is proposed.This method combines... To reduce the delay of left-turning buses and improve the traffic efficiency at signalized intersections,a novel variable bus approach lane(VBAL)control method based on bus pre-signals is proposed.This method combines the variable lane with the bus priority pre-signal,and realizes the left-turning bus priority without causing great impact on other vehicles.To validate the effectiveness of the method,the VBAL scheme was compared with the single left-turn lane scheme(SLTL)and the double left-turn lane scheme(DLTL).On this basis,the delay change calculation model of left-turning buses and through vehicles were established by the cumulative curve graphic method.The influence of vehicle proportion and green split on the model was studied through sensitivity analysis.The results show that VBAL can reduce the delay of left-turning bus and the increase of through vehicle delay to the greatest extent.Finally,the scheme was applied to a real-world intersection,and the results demonstrate the effectiveness and advantage of the VBAL scheme. 展开更多
关键词 traffic engineering bus priority dynamic lane PRE-SIGNAL cumulative curve
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Numerical Simulation of Waves Generated by Seafloor Movements 被引量:1
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作者 何海伦 宋金宝 +1 位作者 李爽 杨建平 《China Ocean Engineering》 SCIE EI 2008年第4期693-704,共12页
Waves generated by vertical seafloor movements are simulated by use of a fully nonlinear two-dimensional numerical wave tank. In the souree region, the seafloor lifts to a designated height by a generation function. T... Waves generated by vertical seafloor movements are simulated by use of a fully nonlinear two-dimensional numerical wave tank. In the souree region, the seafloor lifts to a designated height by a generation function. The numerical tests show that the linear theory is only valid for estimating the wave behaviors induced by the seafloor movements with a small amplitude, and the fully nonlinear numerical model should be adopted in the simulation of the wave generation by the large amplitude seafloor movements. Without the background surface waves, many numerical tests on the stable maximum elevations η0^max are carried out by beth the linear theory and the fully nonlinear model. The results of two models are compared and analyzed. For the fully nonlinear model, the influences of the amplitudes and the horizontal lengths on η^max are stronger than that of the characteristic duration times. Furthermore, results reveal that there are significant differences be- tween the linear theory and the fully nonlinear model. When the influences of the background surface waves are considered, the corresponding numerical analyses reveal that with the fully nonlinear model the η0^max near-linearly varies with the wave amplitudes of the surface waves, and the η0^max has significant dependences on the wave lengths and the wave phases of the surface waves. In addition, the differences between the linear theory and the fully nonlinear model are still obvious, and these differences are significantly affected by the wave parameters of the background surface waves, such as the wave amplitude, the wave length and the wave phase. 展开更多
关键词 boundary element method numerical wave tank seafloor movement surface waves
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Influence of SBS modifiers on viscoelastic mechanical behavior of modified asphalt 被引量:1
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作者 孟勇军 张肖宁 逯彦秋 《Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series)》 EI CAS 2010年第2期157-160,共4页
In order to verify the influence of different block proportions S/B on the effect of SBS modified asphalt,the dynamic mechanical performance test and static loading test were performed on the samples composed of diffe... In order to verify the influence of different block proportions S/B on the effect of SBS modified asphalt,the dynamic mechanical performance test and static loading test were performed on the samples composed of different kinds of SBS with base asphalt. It is found that different S/B values fix on different modified effects and different viscoelastic mechanical behaviors,due to biphasic separate fabric of polybutadiene and polystyrene in SBS. In low-speed running pavement,the modified asphalt with lower S/B value shows better pavement performance,while in high-speed running pavement,the modified asphalt with higher S/B value shows better pavement performance. As far as SBS modified asphalt itself is concerned,mixing proportion impacts on resisting displacement and block proportion S/B ratio impacts on strain recovery capacity. In the case that the conditions are the same,SBS modified asphalt with different S/B values can be used for different travelling speed pavement construction demands to get an intelligent use. 展开更多
关键词 SBS modifier block proportion dynamic mechanical test static loading test
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Mechanism and development of dip-pen nanolithography(DPN) 被引量:1
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作者 Jiang Hongkui Lu Shuang 《Engineering Sciences》 EI 2008年第3期45-51,75,共8页
Dip-pen nanolithography is a new scanning probe lithography (SPL) technique based on atomic force microscopy (AFM), and now has made a great progress. The process of dip-pen lithography involves the adsorption of ink ... Dip-pen nanolithography is a new scanning probe lithography (SPL) technique based on atomic force microscopy (AFM), and now has made a great progress. The process of dip-pen lithography involves the adsorption of ink molecules on AFM tip, the formation of water meniscus, the transport of ink molecules, and diffusion of ink molecules on the substrate. More factors such as temperature, humidity, tip, scanning speed and so on will influence the process of dip-pen lithography. The paper analyzes in detail the mechanism of this technique, introduces synthetically the latest development, including electrochemical DPN, more-mode DPN, multiple DPN, multi-probe array DPN and so on. Finally, the paper describes the characteristics and the application of DPN. 展开更多
关键词 dip-pen NANOLITHOGRAPHY atomic force microscopy nanofabrication
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A New Simple Model for the Mushrooming Deformation of Projectile Impacting on A Deformable Target
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作者 Zhang Xiaoqing Yang Guitong 《上海交通大学学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2004年第z2期19-24,共6页
Based on Taylor's model and Hawkyard's model, a new simple model for the mushrooming deformation of projectile impacting on a deformable target is installed considering the penetration of the projectile to the... Based on Taylor's model and Hawkyard's model, a new simple model for the mushrooming deformation of projectile impacting on a deformable target is installed considering the penetration of the projectile to the deformable target. In the model, the following time-dependent variables are involved in: the extent and the particle velocity in the rigid zone; the extent, the cross-section area and the particle velocity in plastic zone; the velocity and depth of the penetrating of projectile to the target. Solving the set of equations, analytic solution is given. The profiles of deformed projectile and shape parameters for different initial impact velocities are shown. The duration time of deformation increases with increasing the impact velocity. The analytical results by using this model are coincident with experimental result. 展开更多
关键词 mushrooming DEFORMATION deformable TARGET CYLINDRICAL PROJECTILE
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