Objective ：To explore the effects of motilin in the hippocampus on the interdigestive migrating motor complex （MMC） in rats. Methods： Adult SD rats of either sex were used; 0.5 μl motilin （0. 74 retool/L） was i...Objective ：To explore the effects of motilin in the hippocampus on the interdigestive migrating motor complex （MMC） in rats. Methods： Adult SD rats of either sex were used; 0.5 μl motilin （0. 74 retool/L） was injected into the guide cannula which was stereotaxically implanted into the hippocampus previously. Then the MMC was recorded by a RM6240B multilead physiological recording system. Resuits： （1）MMC characteristics of normal rats＇ duodenum： the frequency of phase Ⅲ was （18. 1±0. 4） bursts/min; the amplitude of phase Ⅲ was （260.5±42.3）μV; the duration of phase Ⅲ was （354.1±21.6） s; MMC cycle duration was （690.2±58.7）s. （2） After motilin was injected into the hippocampus, the duodenal MMC cycle duration was decreased significantly. However, the amplitude of phase Ⅲ and the frequency of phase Ⅲ were increased. But there were no effects on the duration of phase Ⅲ . Frequency of phase Ⅲ percentage change was much more than amplitude of phase Ⅲ percentage change （57.2±2.8 vs 39.3±5. 2）. （3） Effects of motilin in the hippocampus on MMC were completely abolished by subdiaphragmal vagotomy. （4） Effects of motilin in the hippocampus on MMC were unaffected by intravenously injected atropine, phentolamine or propranolol. （5） The anti-motilin serum partly abolished the effects of motilin in the hippocampus on MMC. Conclusion： Motilin in the hippocampus has effects on the duodenal MMC cycle duration, the amplitude of phase Ⅲ and the frequency of phase Ⅲ. Motilin in the hippocampus plays an important role in duodenal MMC.展开更多
Background A liver support therapy, named molecular adsorbents recirculating system （MARS）, has been used for more than 700 liver failure patients in China. We made here a summary to evaluate the effects of MARS tre...Background A liver support therapy, named molecular adsorbents recirculating system （MARS）, has been used for more than 700 liver failure patients in China. We made here a summary to evaluate the effects of MARS treatment in different applications with emphasis on hepatitis B virus （HBV） based liver failure. Methods This report analyzed data of 252 patients （mean age （44.9±12.7） years） in three groups： acute severe hepatitis （ASH）, subacute severe hepatitis （SSH） and chronic severe hepatitis （CSH）. The largest group was CSH （156 patients, 61.9%）, and 188 patients （74.6%, 188/252） were infected with HBV. Results MARS treatments were associated with significant reduction of albumin bound toxins and water-soluble toxins. Most of the patients showed a positive response with a significant improvement of multiple organ function substantiated by a significant increase in prothrombin time activity （PTA） and median arterial pressure （MAP）. There was a decrease in hepatic encephalopathy （HE） grade and Child-Turcotte-Pugh （CTP） scale. Thirty-nine of 188 HBV patients （20.7%） dropped out of the commendatory consecutive therapy ending with lower survival of 43.6% while the rest of the 149 patients had a survival rate of 62.4%. Survival within the ASH and SSH groups were 81.2% and 75.0%, respectively. In the CSH group, end stage patients were predominant （65/151,43%）, whereas the early and middle stage patients had a better prognosis： early stage survival, including orthotopic liver transplantation （OLT） survival of 91.7%, middle stage survival of 75%, end stage survival of 33.8%. Conclusions MARS continues to be the most favorable extracorporeal treatment for liver support therapy in China for a wide range of conditions, including the majority of hepatitis B related liver failure conditions. The appropriate application of MARS for the right indications and stage of hepatic failure, as well as the fulfillment of prescribed treatments, will lead to the optimal therapeutic result.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To dynamically observe the efficacy of Jieduan Niwan formula(JDNW)on a rat model of acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF).METHODS:Seventy Wistar rats were divided into control group(6 rats),model group(22 rat...OBJECTIVE:To dynamically observe the efficacy of Jieduan Niwan formula(JDNW)on a rat model of acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF).METHODS:Seventy Wistar rats were divided into control group(6 rats),model group(22 rats),JDNW group(21 rats),and SP600125 group(21 rats).13 weeks'porcine serum injection followed with D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide joint acute attack was used to establish ACLF model.Rats in JDNW group were orally given JDNW formula for 3 days before acute attack;rats in SP600125 group were injected with SP60012530 min ahead of acute attack.Rats were sacrificed respectively at 4,8 and 12 h after model established.Alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),total bilirubin(TBIL),Creatinine(CR),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),prothrombin activity(PTA)were examined by biochemical process,Tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-10(IL-10),transformed growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1),High mobility group box-1(HMGB-1),CD3,CD4,CD8 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,apoptotic index(AI)was detected by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling staining,expression of Bad,phosphorylated Jun N-terminal kinases(p-JNK)and Cytochrome C(Cyt C)were detected by immunohistochemical analysis,Bax and Bid were detected by Western blot analysis.RESULTS:In model group,the levels of ALT,AST,TBIL,CR,BUN,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10,TGF-β1 and HMGB-1 remarkably increased and PTA decreased compared with control group(P<0.05),as time goes on,ALT,AST,TBIL,CR,BUN,continued to grow,while IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10,HMGB-1,TGF-β1 and PTA gradually decreased;massive necrosis could be seen;the levels of TNF-α,CD3,CD4,CD8,AI,p-JNK,Bax,Bad,Bid and Cyt C increased at 4 h and peaked at 8 h,but decreased at 12 h(P<0.05).JDNW group,by contrast,showed less pathological injury,increased PTA level,and reduced ALT,AST,TBIL,TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10,TGF-β1,HMGB-1,CD3,CD4 and CD8 levels(P<0.05),moreover,the AI and expression of p-JNK,Bax,Bad,Bid and Cyt C were lower than model group at 4 and 8 h but were higher at 12 h(P<0.05).Similar results were observed in SP600125 group.CONCLUSION:An ACLF rat model with low mortality can be established by porcine serum joint with D-galactosamine+lipopolysaccharide induction;JDNW decoction can effectively suppress the inflammatory reaction,improve the immune system,and protect the liver of ACLF rats,the mechanism might involve the inhibition of the JNK-induced mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.展开更多
文摘Objective ：To explore the effects of motilin in the hippocampus on the interdigestive migrating motor complex （MMC） in rats. Methods： Adult SD rats of either sex were used; 0.5 μl motilin （0. 74 retool/L） was injected into the guide cannula which was stereotaxically implanted into the hippocampus previously. Then the MMC was recorded by a RM6240B multilead physiological recording system. Resuits： （1）MMC characteristics of normal rats＇ duodenum： the frequency of phase Ⅲ was （18. 1±0. 4） bursts/min; the amplitude of phase Ⅲ was （260.5±42.3）μV; the duration of phase Ⅲ was （354.1±21.6） s; MMC cycle duration was （690.2±58.7）s. （2） After motilin was injected into the hippocampus, the duodenal MMC cycle duration was decreased significantly. However, the amplitude of phase Ⅲ and the frequency of phase Ⅲ were increased. But there were no effects on the duration of phase Ⅲ . Frequency of phase Ⅲ percentage change was much more than amplitude of phase Ⅲ percentage change （57.2±2.8 vs 39.3±5. 2）. （3） Effects of motilin in the hippocampus on MMC were completely abolished by subdiaphragmal vagotomy. （4） Effects of motilin in the hippocampus on MMC were unaffected by intravenously injected atropine, phentolamine or propranolol. （5） The anti-motilin serum partly abolished the effects of motilin in the hippocampus on MMC. Conclusion： Motilin in the hippocampus has effects on the duodenal MMC cycle duration, the amplitude of phase Ⅲ and the frequency of phase Ⅲ. Motilin in the hippocampus plays an important role in duodenal MMC.
文摘Background A liver support therapy, named molecular adsorbents recirculating system （MARS）, has been used for more than 700 liver failure patients in China. We made here a summary to evaluate the effects of MARS treatment in different applications with emphasis on hepatitis B virus （HBV） based liver failure. Methods This report analyzed data of 252 patients （mean age （44.9±12.7） years） in three groups： acute severe hepatitis （ASH）, subacute severe hepatitis （SSH） and chronic severe hepatitis （CSH）. The largest group was CSH （156 patients, 61.9%）, and 188 patients （74.6%, 188/252） were infected with HBV. Results MARS treatments were associated with significant reduction of albumin bound toxins and water-soluble toxins. Most of the patients showed a positive response with a significant improvement of multiple organ function substantiated by a significant increase in prothrombin time activity （PTA） and median arterial pressure （MAP）. There was a decrease in hepatic encephalopathy （HE） grade and Child-Turcotte-Pugh （CTP） scale. Thirty-nine of 188 HBV patients （20.7%） dropped out of the commendatory consecutive therapy ending with lower survival of 43.6% while the rest of the 149 patients had a survival rate of 62.4%. Survival within the ASH and SSH groups were 81.2% and 75.0%, respectively. In the CSH group, end stage patients were predominant （65/151,43%）, whereas the early and middle stage patients had a better prognosis： early stage survival, including orthotopic liver transplantation （OLT） survival of 91.7%, middle stage survival of 75%, end stage survival of 33.8%. Conclusions MARS continues to be the most favorable extracorporeal treatment for liver support therapy in China for a wide range of conditions, including the majority of hepatitis B related liver failure conditions. The appropriate application of MARS for the right indications and stage of hepatic failure, as well as the fulfillment of prescribed treatments, will lead to the optimal therapeutic result.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China:Mechanisms of Heprescription of Truncation and Inverse Draft on Preventing and Treating Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Based on E2F1 Induced Hepatocytic Proliferation and Apoptosis(No.81573767)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To dynamically observe the efficacy of Jieduan Niwan formula(JDNW)on a rat model of acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF).METHODS:Seventy Wistar rats were divided into control group(6 rats),model group(22 rats),JDNW group(21 rats),and SP600125 group(21 rats).13 weeks'porcine serum injection followed with D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide joint acute attack was used to establish ACLF model.Rats in JDNW group were orally given JDNW formula for 3 days before acute attack;rats in SP600125 group were injected with SP60012530 min ahead of acute attack.Rats were sacrificed respectively at 4,8 and 12 h after model established.Alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),total bilirubin(TBIL),Creatinine(CR),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),prothrombin activity(PTA)were examined by biochemical process,Tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-10(IL-10),transformed growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1),High mobility group box-1(HMGB-1),CD3,CD4,CD8 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,apoptotic index(AI)was detected by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling staining,expression of Bad,phosphorylated Jun N-terminal kinases(p-JNK)and Cytochrome C(Cyt C)were detected by immunohistochemical analysis,Bax and Bid were detected by Western blot analysis.RESULTS:In model group,the levels of ALT,AST,TBIL,CR,BUN,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10,TGF-β1 and HMGB-1 remarkably increased and PTA decreased compared with control group(P<0.05),as time goes on,ALT,AST,TBIL,CR,BUN,continued to grow,while IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10,HMGB-1,TGF-β1 and PTA gradually decreased;massive necrosis could be seen;the levels of TNF-α,CD3,CD4,CD8,AI,p-JNK,Bax,Bad,Bid and Cyt C increased at 4 h and peaked at 8 h,but decreased at 12 h(P<0.05).JDNW group,by contrast,showed less pathological injury,increased PTA level,and reduced ALT,AST,TBIL,TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10,TGF-β1,HMGB-1,CD3,CD4 and CD8 levels(P<0.05),moreover,the AI and expression of p-JNK,Bax,Bad,Bid and Cyt C were lower than model group at 4 and 8 h but were higher at 12 h(P<0.05).Similar results were observed in SP600125 group.CONCLUSION:An ACLF rat model with low mortality can be established by porcine serum joint with D-galactosamine+lipopolysaccharide induction;JDNW decoction can effectively suppress the inflammatory reaction,improve the immune system,and protect the liver of ACLF rats,the mechanism might involve the inhibition of the JNK-induced mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
