Objective:To investigate the effect of Foeniculum vulgare extract against lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced microglial activation in vitro as well as cognitive behavioral deficits in mice.Methods:LPS-activated BV-2 cell...Objective:To investigate the effect of Foeniculum vulgare extract against lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced microglial activation in vitro as well as cognitive behavioral deficits in mice.Methods:LPS-activated BV-2 cell viability was measured using MTT assay and reactive oxygen species(ROS)was studied using DCF-DA assay.The antioxidative enzymes and pro-inflammatory mediators were analyzed using respective ELISA kits and Western blotting.For in vivo testing,LPS(1 mg/kg,i.p.)was given daily for five days in male Swiss albino mice to produce chronic neuroinflammation.Cognitive and behavioral tests were performed using open-field,passive avoidance,and rotarod experiments in LPS-induced mice.Results:Foeniculum vulgare extract(25,50 and 100μg/mL)significantly attenuated the LPS-activated increase in nitric oxide(NO),ROS,cyclooxygenase-2,inducible NO synthase,IL-6,and TNF-alpha(P<0.05).Moreover,LPS-induced oxidative stress and reduced antioxidative enzyme levels were significantly improved by Foeniculum vulgare extract(P<0.05).The extract also regulated the NF-κB/MAPK signaling in BV-2 cells.In an in vivo study,Foeniculum vulgare extract(50,100,and 200 mg/kg)markedly mitigated the LPS-induced cognitive and locomotor impairments in mice.The fingerprinting analysis showed distinctive peaks with rutin,kaempferol-3-O-glucoside,and anethole as identifiable compounds.Conclusions:Foeniculum vulgare extract can ameliorate LPS-stimulated neuroinflammatory responses in BV-2 microglial cells and improve cognitive and locomotor performance in LPS-administered mice.展开更多
Hirudin is the most anticoagulant drug found in nature, but its short serum half-life significantly inhibits its clinical anpplication. The PEGvlation of hirudin, the most promising anticoagulant drug, was performed i...Hirudin is the most anticoagulant drug found in nature, but its short serum half-life significantly inhibits its clinical anpplication. The PEGvlation of hirudin, the most promising anticoagulant drug, was performed in this paper. The optimal reaction conditions for PEG ylated hirudin were investigated, wh.en the PEGylation react, on.wasconducted under 4℃ after 10h, in the borate buffer at pH 8.5 .with the molar ratio 230 ： 1 of PEG to hirudin, a higher modification extent was achieved. Finally, the bioactivity of PEGylated hirudin was measured in vitro.Compared with unmodified hirudin, 26% of anti-thrombin activity was retained.展开更多
The plant cellulose powder was activated by two different methods using 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether(BTDE)and 1,1′-Carbonyldiimidazole(CDI) as the chemical coupling agents.Organophosphorus hydrolase(OPH) from Flav...The plant cellulose powder was activated by two different methods using 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether(BTDE)and 1,1′-Carbonyldiimidazole(CDI) as the chemical coupling agents.Organophosphorus hydrolase(OPH) from Flavobacterium ATCC 27551 was immobilized on any of activated support through covalent bonding.The optimal conditions of affecting parameters on enzyme immobilization in both methods were found, and it was demonstrated that the highest activity yields of immobilized OPH onto epoxy and CDI treated cellulose were 68.32%and 73.51%, respectively.The surface treatment of cellulose via covalent coupling with BTDE and CDI agents was proved by FTIR analysis.The kinetic constants of the free and immobilized enzymes were determined, and it was showed that both immobilization techniques moderately increased the Kmvalue of the free OPH.The improvements in storage and thermal stability were investigated and depicted that the half-life of immobilized OPH over the surface of epoxy modified cellulose had a better growth compared to the free and immobilized enzymes onto CDI treated support.Also, the pH stability of the immobilized preparations was enhanced relative to the free counterpart and revealed that all enzyme samples would have the same optimum pH value for stability at 9.0.Additionally, the immobilized OPH onto epoxy and CDI activated cellulose retained about 59% and 68% of their initial activity after ten turns of batch operation, respectively.The results demonstrated the high performance of OPH enzyme in immobilized state onto an inexpensive support with the potential of industrial applications.展开更多
Antimicrobial peptides(AMPs) are a group of gene-encoded small peptides that play pivotal roles in the host immune system of multicellular organisms.Cathelicidins are an important family of AMPs that exclusively exist...Antimicrobial peptides(AMPs) are a group of gene-encoded small peptides that play pivotal roles in the host immune system of multicellular organisms.Cathelicidins are an important family of AMPs that exclusively exist in vertebrates. Many cathelicidins have been identified from mammals, birds, reptiles and fish. To date, however, cathelicidins from amphibians are poorly understood. In the present study, two novel cathelicidins(OL-CATH1 and 2) were identified and studied from the odorous frog Odorrana livida.Firstly, the cDNAs encoding the OL-CATHs(780 and735 bp in length, respectively) were successfully cloned from a lung cDNA library constructed for the frog. Multi-sequence alignment was carried out to analyze differences between the precursors of the OL-CATHs and other representative cathelicidins.Mature peptide sequences of OL-CATH1 and 2 were predicted(33 amino acid residues) and their secondary structures were determined(OL-CATH1 showed a random-coil conformation and OL-CATH2 demonstrated α-helical conformation). Furthermore,OL-CATH1 and 2 were chemically synthesized and their in vitro functions were determined. Antimicrobial and bacterial killing kinetic analyses indicated that OL-CATH2 demonstrated relatively moderate and rapid antimicrobial potency and exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity. At very low concentrations(10 μg/mL), OL-CATH2 significantly inhibited the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced transcription and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1βand IL-6 in mouse peritoneal macrophages. In contrast, OL-CATH1 did not exhibit any detectableantimicrobial or anti-inflammatory activities. Overall,identification of these OL-CATHs from O. livida enriches our understanding of the functions of cathelicidins in the amphibian immune system. The potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of OL-CATH2 highlight its potential as a novel candidate in anti-infective drug development.展开更多
From Juglans mandshurica leaves, a new quinone compound was isolated through bioassay-guided fractionation. The structure elucidation of the compound was established based on spectroscopic studies, notably of the 2D N...From Juglans mandshurica leaves, a new quinone compound was isolated through bioassay-guided fractionation. The structure elucidation of the compound was established based on spectroscopic studies, notably of the 2D NMR spectra. The compound exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against Hela, MCF-7, BGC823 and 3T3-Llcell lines with IC50 ranges from 7.5 to 26.8 μmol/L.展开更多
BACKGROUND Shifting on lifestyle,diet,and physical activity contributed on increasing number of obese people around the world.Multiple factors influence the development of obesity.Some research suggested that gut micr...BACKGROUND Shifting on lifestyle,diet,and physical activity contributed on increasing number of obese people around the world.Multiple factors influence the development of obesity.Some research suggested that gut microbiota(GM)plays an important role in nutrient absorption and energy regulation of individuals,thus affecting their nutritional status.Report of Indonesia Basic Health Research showed that the prevalence of obesity in every province tended to increase.Although the root cause of obesity is excessive calorie intake compared with expenditure,the differences in gut microbial ecology between healthy and obese humans may affect energy homeostasis.GM affect body weight,especially obesity.Probiotics that are consumed while alive and able to colonize in the intestine are expected to increase the population of good bacteria,especially Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli,and suppress pathogens such as Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus.The strain of L.plantarum Dad-13 has been demonstrated to survive and colonize in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy Indonesian adults who consume fermented milk containing L.plantarum Dad-13.The consumption of probiotic L.plantarum Dad-13 powder decreased E.coli and non-E.coli coliform bacteria in school-aged children in Indonesia.L.plantarum is a dominant bacterium in the average Indonesian’s GM.For this reason,this bacterium is probably a more suitable probiotic for Indonesians.AIM To determine the effect of the consumption of indigenous probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Dad-13 powder in overweight adults in Yogyakarta(Indonesia).METHODS Sixty overweight volunteers with a body mass index(BMI)equal to or greater than 25 consume indigenous probiotic powder L.plantarum Dad-13(2×109 CFU/gram/sachet)for 90 d.The study was a randomized,double-blind,placebocontrolled study.The volunteers filled in a diary on a daily basis,which consisted of questions on study product intake(only during ingestion period),other food intake,number of bowel movements,fecal quality(consistency and color),any medications received,and any symptom of discomfort,such as diarrhea,constipation,vomiting,gassing,sensation of illness,etc.Fecal samples and the subjects’diaries were collected on the morning of day 10+1,which was marked as the end of the baseline period and the start of the ingestion period.During the ingestion period(from day 11 to day 101),several parameters to measure and analyze the results included body weight and height(once a month),the lipid profile,GM analysis using MiSeq,short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)analysis using gas chromatography,and the measurement of fecal pH using a pH meter.RESULTS The consumption of indigenous probiotic powder L.plantarum Dad-13 caused the average body weight and BMI of the probiotic group to decrease from 84.54±17.64 kg to 83.14±14.71 kg and 33.10±6.15 kg/m2 to 32.57±5.01 kg/m2,respectively.No significant reduction of body weight and BMI in the placebo group was observed.An analysis of the microbiota showed that the number of Bacteroidetes,specifically Prevotella,increased significantly,while that of Firmicutes significantly decreased.No significant change in lipid profile in both groups was found.Also,no significant change in SCFAs(e.g.,butyrate,propionate,acetic acid)and pH level was found after the consumption of the probiotic.CONCLUSION No significant differences in pH before and after ingestion were observed in both the probiotic and placebo groups as well as in the lipid profile of both cholesterol and triglyceride,high-density lipoprotein(HDL),low-density lipoprotein(LDL),and the LDL/HDL ratio.In addition,no significant changes in the concentration of SCFAs(e.g.,acetic acid,propionate,and butyrate)were found after consumption.Interestingly,a significant decrease in body weight and BMI(P<0.05)was determined in the treatment group.An analysis of GM shows that L.plantarum Dad-13 caused the Firmicutes population to decrease and the Bacteroidetes population(especially Prevotella)to increase.展开更多
Antimicrobial peptides（AMPs）,a class of gene-encoded peptides,are the first line of immune system to defense microbial invasions in multicellular organisms.Cathelicidins are an important family of AMPs that have bee...Antimicrobial peptides（AMPs）,a class of gene-encoded peptides,are the first line of immune system to defense microbial invasions in multicellular organisms.Cathelicidins are an important family of AMPs that have been identified exclusively in vertebrates.However,up to now,cathelicidins from amphibians are poorly understood.In the present study,we reported the identification and characterization of two novel cathelicidins（FM-CATH1 and FMCATH2） from the frog Fejervarya multistriata.The c DNA sequences encoding FM-CATHs were successfully cloned from the constructed lung c DNA library of F.multistriata.Both of the c DNA sequences encoding FM-CATHs are 447 bp in length,and the deduced mature peptides of FM-CATHs are composed of 34 residues.Structural analysis indicated that FM-CATH1 and FM-CATH2 mainly assume amphipathic alpha-helical conformations.Antimicrobial and bacterial killing kinetic analysis indicated that both FM-CATH1 and FM-CATH2 possess potent,broad-spectrum and rapid antimicrobial potency.And cytoplasmic membrane permeabilization analysis indicated that FM-CATH1 and FMCATH2 kill bacteria by inducing the permeabilization of bacterial membrane.Besides direct antimicrobial activities,FM-CATHs also exhibited significant inhibitory effect on the formation of bacterial biofilms at low concentrations below 1×MIC.Furthermore,FM-CATH1 and FM-CATH2 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting LPS-induced transcription and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 in mouse peritoneal macrophages.Meanwhile,FM-CATHs showed relatively low cytotoxic activity against mammalian normal and tumor cell lines,and low hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes.In summary,the identification of FM-CATHs provides novel clues for our understanding of the roles of cathelicidins in amphibian immune systems.The potent antimicrobial,biofilm inhibitory,anti-inflammatory activities,and low cytotoxicity of FM-CATHs imply their great potential in novel antibiotics development.展开更多
Rana kunyuensis is a species of brown frog that lives exclusively on Kunyu Mountain,Yantai,China.In the current study,a 279-bp cDNA sequence encoding a novel antimicrobial peptide (AMP),designated as amurin-9KY,was cl...Rana kunyuensis is a species of brown frog that lives exclusively on Kunyu Mountain,Yantai,China.In the current study,a 279-bp cDNA sequence encoding a novel antimicrobial peptide (AMP),designated as amurin-9KY,was cloned from synthesized double-strand skin cDNA of R.kunyuensis.The amurin-9KY precursor was composed of 62 amino acid (aa) residues,whereas the mature peptide was composed of 14 aa and contained two cysteines forming a C-terminal heptapeptide ring (Rana box domain) and an amidated C-terminus.These structural characters represent a novel amphibian AMP family.Although amurin-9KY exhibited high similarity to the already identified amurin-9AM from R.amurensis,little is known about the structures and activities of amurin-9 family AMPs so far.Therefore,amurin-9KY and its three derivatives (amurin-9KY1-3) were designed and synthesized.The structures and activities were examined to evaluate the influence of C-terminal amidation and the heptapeptide ring on the activities and structure of amurin-9KY..Results indicated that C-terminal amidation was essential for antimicrobial activity,whereas both C-terminal amidation and the heptapeptide ring played roles in the low hemolytic activity.Circular dichroism (CD) spectra showed that the four peptides adopted an α-helical conformation in THF/H2O (v/v 1∶1) solution,but a random coil in aqueous solution.Elimination of the C-terminal heptapeptide ring generated two free cysteine residues with unpaired thiol groups,which greatly increased the concentration-dependent anti-oxidant activity.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also performed to determine the possible bactericidal mechanisms.展开更多
As DNA cleavage agent, a new diiron（Ⅲ） complex （Fe2Lb）, in which a DNA-intercalator （pyrene） is covalently linked to a diferric moiety, has been synthesized and characterized. The DNA-binding property and DNA c...As DNA cleavage agent, a new diiron（Ⅲ） complex （Fe2Lb）, in which a DNA-intercalator （pyrene） is covalently linked to a diferric moiety, has been synthesized and characterized. The DNA-binding property and DNA cleavage activity of the complex have also been investigated.展开更多
The effects of initial sucrose concentration, nitrate to ammonium ratio, total N concentration and phosphate concentration in medium on cell growth and isocamptothecin A and B synthesis by suspension call culture of C...The effects of initial sucrose concentration, nitrate to ammonium ratio, total N concentration and phosphate concentration in medium on cell growth and isocamptothecin A and B synthesis by suspension call culture of Camptotheca acuminata were investigated in 250 mL shake flasks. 30 g L^-1 sucrose concentration was beneficial to secondary metabolites synthesis. The cell growth and metabolites synthesis were also affected by the ratio of NO3^-/NH4^＋ , and nitrate was tavourable for cell growth. The maximum dry weight was achieved when nitrate was used as the sole N souree. The effect of total initial N on the cell cultures was also investigated with NO3^-/NH4^＋ ratio of 1 ： 2. The final dry cell weight was similar throughout culture period and 50 mM initial N was favourable for secondary metabolite synthesis. 50 mM initial phosphate concentration facilitated both cell growth and secondary metabolites synthesis.展开更多
The gastrointestinal health is very important aspect concerning human health. It refers to nutrient and vitamin absorption, food digestion and various infectious diseases. The Paecilomyces hepiali and Cordyceps milita...The gastrointestinal health is very important aspect concerning human health. It refers to nutrient and vitamin absorption, food digestion and various infectious diseases. The Paecilomyces hepiali and Cordyceps militaris are highly enriched with cordycepin and ergosterol which are considered as anti bacterial substances. Present study finds out comparative effect of hot water extract of particular fungal material on growth of six species of gastrointestinal bacteria that belong to both aerobic and anaerobic and, consist with harmful and commensal categories. The appropriate concentration level of hot water extract of both strains was identified. The individual specific bacterial growing media were prepared and calculated;amounts of bacteria cultures were inoculated by using micro pipettes. The optical density and number of bacterial colonies were measured after 24 hours. The pure mycelial extract of P. hepiali with 2 × 10-3 g/ml of concentration has significant effect on depleting the growth of E. coli, E. faecalis, S. aureus, L. gasseri and B. ovatus bacteria. B. longum has no significant effect by particular extract. Same type of extract of C. militaris has significantly reduced the growth of every bacteria used in this study. Hot water extract of C. militaris cultivated on soy bean has significant growth retardation toward E. coli, E. faecalis, S. aureus and L. gasseri. It has stimulated the growth of B. ovatus and B. longum which are considered as beneficial bacteria for human gut. This study shows that extracts of both mycelia include antimicrobial substances like cordycepin and ergosterol which can be used as food supplements to enhance human gut health.展开更多
Nucleic acid drugs are desirable therapeutics for the treatment of fatal diseases like cancers.For clinical translation of nucleic acid drugs,carrier systems that protect nucleic acid from degradation and help cellula...Nucleic acid drugs are desirable therapeutics for the treatment of fatal diseases like cancers.For clinical translation of nucleic acid drugs,carrier systems that protect nucleic acid from degradation and help cellular uptake are needed.Accordingly cationic polymers are used as a carrier due to their strong electrostatic interaction with nucleic acids,which produce nanosized particles[1].展开更多
Stylopeptide 1 synthesized and isolated from different sources exhibits a large activity difference in inhibitory effect on the growth of a cancer cell.Based on the different amounts of methanol and water during synth...Stylopeptide 1 synthesized and isolated from different sources exhibits a large activity difference in inhibitory effect on the growth of a cancer cell.Based on the different amounts of methanol and water during synthesis,isolation and purification of the cyclic peptides,molecular dynamics(MD) was employed to simulate the conformation of stylopeptide 1 in methanol and aqueous environments.The comparative results show that the backbone ring was more rigid in methanol than in water.In methanol,two β-turns and three hydrogen bonds were well conserved throughout the simulation,whereas no hydrogen bonds or turns were preserved in water.The activity difference of stylopeptide 1 seemed to be attributed to the solvent effect on its conformation.展开更多
Tributyrin,a triglyceride analog of short chain fatty acid butyrate,can act as a prodrug of an anticancer agent butyrate.In view of other reports that demonstrated the improved characteristics of conventional liposome...Tributyrin,a triglyceride analog of short chain fatty acid butyrate,can act as a prodrug of an anticancer agent butyrate.In view of other reports that demonstrated the improved characteristics of conventional liposomes by incorporating small amount of nonphospholipids such as Tween 80,herein we sought to investigate whether the incorporation of tributyrin into the liposomal layers may provide additional advantages for liposomes as an anticancer drug carrier.Liposomes were prepared with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine as a main phospholipid with or without addition of tributyrin.Celecoxib was loaded in liposomes as a model anticancer drug.Tween 80-incorporated liposomes were also prepared for comparison.Tributyrin-incorporated liposomes were ineffective in enhancing the skin permeation of celecoxib compared to Tween 80-incorporated ones.However,tributyrin-incorporated liposomes enhanced the entrapped celecoxib concentration to an extent comparable to Tween 80-incorporated ones.Furthermore,tributyrin-incorporated liposomes exhibited much higher stability compared to Tween 80-incorporated ones.Finally,the cellular uptake of celecoxib loaded in tributyrin-incorporated liposomes into mouse melanoma cells were more than 10-fold higher compared to that loaded in conventional-and Tween 80-incorporated liposomes.Taken together,the incorporation of tributyrin into conventional liposomes loaded with anticancer drugs may provide an advanced anticancer drug carrier delivering both drug and tributyrin.展开更多
The variations of antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase （SOD： EC 1.15.1.1）, peroxidase （POD： EC 1.11.1.7） and catalase （CAT： EC 1.11.1.6）, lipid peroxidation and major electrolytes in A...The variations of antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase （SOD： EC 1.15.1.1）, peroxidase （POD： EC 1.11.1.7） and catalase （CAT： EC 1.11.1.6）, lipid peroxidation and major electrolytes in Aloe vera irrigated for three years with seawater having different salinity were studied. The results indicate that POD activity increased significantly at 10% seawater level, whereas decreased at higher seawater levels. The SOD activity decreased with increasing seawater concentration except for treatment with 100% seawater （denoted as T100%） under long-term salt stress. Salinity decreased CAT activity,and increased lipid peroxidation and cell membrane injury. In addition, Ca^2＋ content was high in Aloe irrigated by seawater of low salinity level, but low in Aloe irrigated by seawater of high salinity level. An opposite trend was observed for the effect of seawater on Na^＋ content of plants. K^＋ and Mg^2＋ contents remain relatively stable under various seawater levels, which benefit plant growth.展开更多
Destrin, also called actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF), exists in resting parotid tissue as phosphorylated (inactive) and dephosphorylated (active) forms, and β-adrenergic stimulation of this tissue induces dephospho...Destrin, also called actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF), exists in resting parotid tissue as phosphorylated (inactive) and dephosphorylated (active) forms, and β-adrenergic stimulation of this tissue induces dephosphorylation of destrin. It is suggested that destrin dephosphorylation is involved in cortical F-actin disruption observed in parallel with β-agonist-induced amylase secretion. At present, the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation mechanism of destrin in parotid tissue is not known. We previously detected, in a crude rat parotid extract, a constitutively active protein kinase catalyzing phosphorylation of destrin;however, its identification has been hampered by difficulty in its enrichment. The purpose of this study was to explore a simple purification method(s) for this enzyme. To this end, we first developed a high-throughput dot-blot assay for the kinase with an anti-phosphodestrin antibody and then studied its purification by column chromatography on several media. We found that the kinase could be partially purified by sequential chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, phenyl-Sepharose, and hydroxyapatite columns. In each chromatography, however, the kinase could be eluted, at the cost of resolution, only by sharp increases in the elution power of the eluent;gradual increases in the elution power resulted in unacceptably poor recovery. We confirmed that enzymatic properties of the kinase were not basically altered during the purification. Further purification of the kinase was achieved by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), which resolved the kinase activity into two bands and separated the activity from most proteins (the kinase activity after PAGE was detected with destrin-coated polyvinylidene difluoride membranes and the anti-phosphodestrin antibody). The two bands seem to constitute the major destrin-phosphorylating activity in the resting rat parotid gland. We here report its partial purification and characterization together with the detection methods.展开更多
We developed a microplate assay method for determining the contents of triacylglycerols（TAGs）, phosphatidylcholines（PCs）, and free fatty acids（FFAs） in the rice bran of one grain using enzymatic reactions. In th...We developed a microplate assay method for determining the contents of triacylglycerols（TAGs）, phosphatidylcholines（PCs）, and free fatty acids（FFAs） in the rice bran of one grain using enzymatic reactions. In this method, enzymes from commercially available kits were used. Optimum reaction conditions were established. It was found that Nonidet P-40 was the optimal among the three surfactants used（Triton X-100, Tween 40, and Nonidet P-40） when lipid was dissolved in a reaction solution. Using this method, it was possible to quantify TAGs, PCs, and FFAs in concentration ranges of 7–150, 5–70, and 8–200 mg L-（–1）, respectively. Furthermore, when the TAG contents in the rice bran were measured, the values closely corresponded to those obtained by extracting from large amounts of rice bran. However, sufficient data on the PC and FFA contents in rice bran are not available for valid comparisons. Although this method can accurately quantify the TAG contents in the rice bran of one grain, the accuracy of the PC and FFA contents has not been verified. Hence, future study is necessary.展开更多
Biological cells exhibit diverse phenomena induced through linking of chemical reactions of molecules and solid surface contact.It is then a significant topic in the field of chemistry to study phenomena induced throu...Biological cells exhibit diverse phenomena induced through linking of chemical reactions of molecules and solid surface contact.It is then a significant topic in the field of chemistry to study phenomena induced through this linking using synthetic systems,which can promote our understanding of biological phenomena and can be applied to the development of novel functions.Silica nanoparticles(sNPs),which are synthetic inorganic materials,are attractive for such purposes,because of their following characteristics:they can adsorb large amounts of molecules on their surfaces,they can aggregate through contact between SNPs as well as contact between molecules and SNPs,and the molecules can be easily removed from solutions by precipitation.The contact of sNP surfaces with molecules then affects chemical reactions of molecules and also behaviors of sNPs.This article describes systems derived from synthetic helical molecules and sNPs,which exhibit notable phenomena including selective adsorption and molecular recognition,equilibrium shift,step kinetics with induction period,precipitation with flow and sweeping,and disaggregation and desorption by sonication,in which the high affinity of helical molecules with sNP surfaces plays important roles.Mechanistic models that explain the phenomena are provided.Possible applications are also discussed,including the separation of molecules,capture of intermediates,the storage and release of molecules,equilibrium shift,clocking,and the translation of mechanical stimulations into chemical reactions.展开更多
An iterative optimization strategy is proposed and applied to the steady state optimizing control of the bio-dissimilation process of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol in the presence of model-plant mismatch and input const...An iterative optimization strategy is proposed and applied to the steady state optimizing control of the bio-dissimilation process of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol in the presence of model-plant mismatch and input constraints. The scheme is based on the Augmented Integrated System Optimization and Parameter Estimation （AI- SOPE） technique, but a linearization of some performance function in the modified model-based optimization problem of AISOPE is introduced to overcome the difficulty of determining an appropriate penalty parameter. When carrying out the iterative optimization, the penalty coefficient is set to a larger value at the current iteration than at the previous iteration, which can promote the evolution rate of the iterative optimization. Simulation studies illustrate the potential ofthe approach presented for the optimizing control of the bioTdissimilation process of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol. The effects of measurement noise, measured and unmeasured disturbances on the proposed algorithm are also investigated.展开更多
Objective:To isolate and identify the anticancer compound against proliferation of human colon cancer cells from ethyl acetate(EtOAc)extract ol Phellinus linteus grown on germinated brown rice(PB).Methods:EtOAc extrac...Objective:To isolate and identify the anticancer compound against proliferation of human colon cancer cells from ethyl acetate(EtOAc)extract ol Phellinus linteus grown on germinated brown rice(PB).Methods:EtOAc extract of PB was partitioned with n-hexane,EtOAc,and water-saturated n-butanol.Anticancer compound of n-hexane layer was isolated and identified by HPLC and NMR,respectively.Cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells was tested by SRB assay.Results:The n-hexane layer obtained after solvent fractionation of PB EtOAc extracts showed a potent anticancer activity against the HT-29 cell line.Atractylenolide I,a eudesmane-type sesquiterpene lactone,a major anticancer substance of PB,was isolated from the n-hexane layer by silica gel column chromatography and preparative-HPLC.This structure was elucidated by one-and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic data.Atractylenolide I has not been reported in mushrooms or rice as of yet.The isolated compound dose-dependently inhibited the growth of HT-29 human colon cancer cells.Conclusions:Atractylenolide I might contribute to the anticancer effect of PB.展开更多
基金supported by Konkuk University in the year 2022.
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of Foeniculum vulgare extract against lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced microglial activation in vitro as well as cognitive behavioral deficits in mice.Methods:LPS-activated BV-2 cell viability was measured using MTT assay and reactive oxygen species(ROS)was studied using DCF-DA assay.The antioxidative enzymes and pro-inflammatory mediators were analyzed using respective ELISA kits and Western blotting.For in vivo testing,LPS(1 mg/kg,i.p.)was given daily for five days in male Swiss albino mice to produce chronic neuroinflammation.Cognitive and behavioral tests were performed using open-field,passive avoidance,and rotarod experiments in LPS-induced mice.Results:Foeniculum vulgare extract(25,50 and 100μg/mL)significantly attenuated the LPS-activated increase in nitric oxide(NO),ROS,cyclooxygenase-2,inducible NO synthase,IL-6,and TNF-alpha(P<0.05).Moreover,LPS-induced oxidative stress and reduced antioxidative enzyme levels were significantly improved by Foeniculum vulgare extract(P<0.05).The extract also regulated the NF-κB/MAPK signaling in BV-2 cells.In an in vivo study,Foeniculum vulgare extract(50,100,and 200 mg/kg)markedly mitigated the LPS-induced cognitive and locomotor impairments in mice.The fingerprinting analysis showed distinctive peaks with rutin,kaempferol-3-O-glucoside,and anethole as identifiable compounds.Conclusions:Foeniculum vulgare extract can ameliorate LPS-stimulated neuroinflammatory responses in BV-2 microglial cells and improve cognitive and locomotor performance in LPS-administered mice.
文摘Hirudin is the most anticoagulant drug found in nature, but its short serum half-life significantly inhibits its clinical anpplication. The PEGvlation of hirudin, the most promising anticoagulant drug, was performed in this paper. The optimal reaction conditions for PEG ylated hirudin were investigated, wh.en the PEGylation react, on.wasconducted under 4℃ after 10h, in the borate buffer at pH 8.5 .with the molar ratio 230 ： 1 of PEG to hirudin, a higher modification extent was achieved. Finally, the bioactivity of PEGylated hirudin was measured in vitro.Compared with unmodified hirudin, 26% of anti-thrombin activity was retained.
基金Supported by the Malek-Ashtar University of Technology(925826018,2015)
文摘The plant cellulose powder was activated by two different methods using 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether(BTDE)and 1,1′-Carbonyldiimidazole(CDI) as the chemical coupling agents.Organophosphorus hydrolase(OPH) from Flavobacterium ATCC 27551 was immobilized on any of activated support through covalent bonding.The optimal conditions of affecting parameters on enzyme immobilization in both methods were found, and it was demonstrated that the highest activity yields of immobilized OPH onto epoxy and CDI treated cellulose were 68.32%and 73.51%, respectively.The surface treatment of cellulose via covalent coupling with BTDE and CDI agents was proved by FTIR analysis.The kinetic constants of the free and immobilized enzymes were determined, and it was showed that both immobilization techniques moderately increased the Kmvalue of the free OPH.The improvements in storage and thermal stability were investigated and depicted that the half-life of immobilized OPH over the surface of epoxy modified cellulose had a better growth compared to the free and immobilized enzymes onto CDI treated support.Also, the pH stability of the immobilized preparations was enhanced relative to the free counterpart and revealed that all enzyme samples would have the same optimum pH value for stability at 9.0.Additionally, the immobilized OPH onto epoxy and CDI activated cellulose retained about 59% and 68% of their initial activity after ten turns of batch operation, respectively.The results demonstrated the high performance of OPH enzyme in immobilized state onto an inexpensive support with the potential of industrial applications.
基金supported by grants from the Jiangsu Students' Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(2017suda098)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772455)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20160336 and BK20171214)Natural Science Foundation of College in Jiangsu Province(16KJB350004)Suzhou Science and Technology Development Project(SYN201504 and SNG2017045)
文摘Antimicrobial peptides(AMPs) are a group of gene-encoded small peptides that play pivotal roles in the host immune system of multicellular organisms.Cathelicidins are an important family of AMPs that exclusively exist in vertebrates. Many cathelicidins have been identified from mammals, birds, reptiles and fish. To date, however, cathelicidins from amphibians are poorly understood. In the present study, two novel cathelicidins(OL-CATH1 and 2) were identified and studied from the odorous frog Odorrana livida.Firstly, the cDNAs encoding the OL-CATHs(780 and735 bp in length, respectively) were successfully cloned from a lung cDNA library constructed for the frog. Multi-sequence alignment was carried out to analyze differences between the precursors of the OL-CATHs and other representative cathelicidins.Mature peptide sequences of OL-CATH1 and 2 were predicted(33 amino acid residues) and their secondary structures were determined(OL-CATH1 showed a random-coil conformation and OL-CATH2 demonstrated α-helical conformation). Furthermore,OL-CATH1 and 2 were chemically synthesized and their in vitro functions were determined. Antimicrobial and bacterial killing kinetic analyses indicated that OL-CATH2 demonstrated relatively moderate and rapid antimicrobial potency and exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity. At very low concentrations(10 μg/mL), OL-CATH2 significantly inhibited the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced transcription and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1βand IL-6 in mouse peritoneal macrophages. In contrast, OL-CATH1 did not exhibit any detectableantimicrobial or anti-inflammatory activities. Overall,identification of these OL-CATHs from O. livida enriches our understanding of the functions of cathelicidins in the amphibian immune system. The potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of OL-CATH2 highlight its potential as a novel candidate in anti-infective drug development.
文摘From Juglans mandshurica leaves, a new quinone compound was isolated through bioassay-guided fractionation. The structure elucidation of the compound was established based on spectroscopic studies, notably of the 2D NMR spectra. The compound exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against Hela, MCF-7, BGC823 and 3T3-Llcell lines with IC50 ranges from 7.5 to 26.8 μmol/L.
基金Supported by Ristekdikti Kalbe-Science Awards,No.048/KFLegal/RKSA/I/2019.
文摘BACKGROUND Shifting on lifestyle,diet,and physical activity contributed on increasing number of obese people around the world.Multiple factors influence the development of obesity.Some research suggested that gut microbiota(GM)plays an important role in nutrient absorption and energy regulation of individuals,thus affecting their nutritional status.Report of Indonesia Basic Health Research showed that the prevalence of obesity in every province tended to increase.Although the root cause of obesity is excessive calorie intake compared with expenditure,the differences in gut microbial ecology between healthy and obese humans may affect energy homeostasis.GM affect body weight,especially obesity.Probiotics that are consumed while alive and able to colonize in the intestine are expected to increase the population of good bacteria,especially Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli,and suppress pathogens such as Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus.The strain of L.plantarum Dad-13 has been demonstrated to survive and colonize in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy Indonesian adults who consume fermented milk containing L.plantarum Dad-13.The consumption of probiotic L.plantarum Dad-13 powder decreased E.coli and non-E.coli coliform bacteria in school-aged children in Indonesia.L.plantarum is a dominant bacterium in the average Indonesian’s GM.For this reason,this bacterium is probably a more suitable probiotic for Indonesians.AIM To determine the effect of the consumption of indigenous probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Dad-13 powder in overweight adults in Yogyakarta(Indonesia).METHODS Sixty overweight volunteers with a body mass index(BMI)equal to or greater than 25 consume indigenous probiotic powder L.plantarum Dad-13(2×109 CFU/gram/sachet)for 90 d.The study was a randomized,double-blind,placebocontrolled study.The volunteers filled in a diary on a daily basis,which consisted of questions on study product intake(only during ingestion period),other food intake,number of bowel movements,fecal quality(consistency and color),any medications received,and any symptom of discomfort,such as diarrhea,constipation,vomiting,gassing,sensation of illness,etc.Fecal samples and the subjects’diaries were collected on the morning of day 10+1,which was marked as the end of the baseline period and the start of the ingestion period.During the ingestion period(from day 11 to day 101),several parameters to measure and analyze the results included body weight and height(once a month),the lipid profile,GM analysis using MiSeq,short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)analysis using gas chromatography,and the measurement of fecal pH using a pH meter.RESULTS The consumption of indigenous probiotic powder L.plantarum Dad-13 caused the average body weight and BMI of the probiotic group to decrease from 84.54±17.64 kg to 83.14±14.71 kg and 33.10±6.15 kg/m2 to 32.57±5.01 kg/m2,respectively.No significant reduction of body weight and BMI in the placebo group was observed.An analysis of the microbiota showed that the number of Bacteroidetes,specifically Prevotella,increased significantly,while that of Firmicutes significantly decreased.No significant change in lipid profile in both groups was found.Also,no significant change in SCFAs(e.g.,butyrate,propionate,acetic acid)and pH level was found after the consumption of the probiotic.CONCLUSION No significant differences in pH before and after ingestion were observed in both the probiotic and placebo groups as well as in the lipid profile of both cholesterol and triglyceride,high-density lipoprotein(HDL),low-density lipoprotein(LDL),and the LDL/HDL ratio.In addition,no significant changes in the concentration of SCFAs(e.g.,acetic acid,propionate,and butyrate)were found after consumption.Interestingly,a significant decrease in body weight and BMI(P<0.05)was determined in the treatment group.An analysis of GM shows that L.plantarum Dad-13 caused the Firmicutes population to decrease and the Bacteroidetes population(especially Prevotella)to increase.
基金supported by the grants BK20160336 from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province to Yan CHEN16KJB350004 from the Natural Science Foundation of College in Jiangsu Province to Yipeng WANG+1 种基金SYN201407 and SYN201504 from the Suzhou Science and Technology Development Project to Yipeng WANG2015NY06 from the Haimen Science and Technology Development Project to Yipeng WANG
文摘Antimicrobial peptides（AMPs）,a class of gene-encoded peptides,are the first line of immune system to defense microbial invasions in multicellular organisms.Cathelicidins are an important family of AMPs that have been identified exclusively in vertebrates.However,up to now,cathelicidins from amphibians are poorly understood.In the present study,we reported the identification and characterization of two novel cathelicidins（FM-CATH1 and FMCATH2） from the frog Fejervarya multistriata.The c DNA sequences encoding FM-CATHs were successfully cloned from the constructed lung c DNA library of F.multistriata.Both of the c DNA sequences encoding FM-CATHs are 447 bp in length,and the deduced mature peptides of FM-CATHs are composed of 34 residues.Structural analysis indicated that FM-CATH1 and FM-CATH2 mainly assume amphipathic alpha-helical conformations.Antimicrobial and bacterial killing kinetic analysis indicated that both FM-CATH1 and FM-CATH2 possess potent,broad-spectrum and rapid antimicrobial potency.And cytoplasmic membrane permeabilization analysis indicated that FM-CATH1 and FMCATH2 kill bacteria by inducing the permeabilization of bacterial membrane.Besides direct antimicrobial activities,FM-CATHs also exhibited significant inhibitory effect on the formation of bacterial biofilms at low concentrations below 1×MIC.Furthermore,FM-CATH1 and FM-CATH2 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting LPS-induced transcription and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 in mouse peritoneal macrophages.Meanwhile,FM-CATHs showed relatively low cytotoxic activity against mammalian normal and tumor cell lines,and low hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes.In summary,the identification of FM-CATHs provides novel clues for our understanding of the roles of cathelicidins in amphibian immune systems.The potent antimicrobial,biofilm inhibitory,anti-inflammatory activities,and low cytotoxicity of FM-CATHs imply their great potential in novel antibiotics development.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772455)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20160336and BK20171214)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of College in Jiangsu Province(16KJB350004)Suzhou Science and Technology Development Project(SYN201504 and SNG2017045)
文摘Rana kunyuensis is a species of brown frog that lives exclusively on Kunyu Mountain,Yantai,China.In the current study,a 279-bp cDNA sequence encoding a novel antimicrobial peptide (AMP),designated as amurin-9KY,was cloned from synthesized double-strand skin cDNA of R.kunyuensis.The amurin-9KY precursor was composed of 62 amino acid (aa) residues,whereas the mature peptide was composed of 14 aa and contained two cysteines forming a C-terminal heptapeptide ring (Rana box domain) and an amidated C-terminus.These structural characters represent a novel amphibian AMP family.Although amurin-9KY exhibited high similarity to the already identified amurin-9AM from R.amurensis,little is known about the structures and activities of amurin-9 family AMPs so far.Therefore,amurin-9KY and its three derivatives (amurin-9KY1-3) were designed and synthesized.The structures and activities were examined to evaluate the influence of C-terminal amidation and the heptapeptide ring on the activities and structure of amurin-9KY..Results indicated that C-terminal amidation was essential for antimicrobial activity,whereas both C-terminal amidation and the heptapeptide ring played roles in the low hemolytic activity.Circular dichroism (CD) spectra showed that the four peptides adopted an α-helical conformation in THF/H2O (v/v 1∶1) solution,but a random coil in aqueous solution.Elimination of the C-terminal heptapeptide ring generated two free cysteine residues with unpaired thiol groups,which greatly increased the concentration-dependent anti-oxidant activity.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also performed to determine the possible bactericidal mechanisms.
文摘As DNA cleavage agent, a new diiron（Ⅲ） complex （Fe2Lb）, in which a DNA-intercalator （pyrene） is covalently linked to a diferric moiety, has been synthesized and characterized. The DNA-binding property and DNA cleavage activity of the complex have also been investigated.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 20176058）.
文摘The effects of initial sucrose concentration, nitrate to ammonium ratio, total N concentration and phosphate concentration in medium on cell growth and isocamptothecin A and B synthesis by suspension call culture of Camptotheca acuminata were investigated in 250 mL shake flasks. 30 g L^-1 sucrose concentration was beneficial to secondary metabolites synthesis. The cell growth and metabolites synthesis were also affected by the ratio of NO3^-/NH4^＋ , and nitrate was tavourable for cell growth. The maximum dry weight was achieved when nitrate was used as the sole N souree. The effect of total initial N on the cell cultures was also investigated with NO3^-/NH4^＋ ratio of 1 ： 2. The final dry cell weight was similar throughout culture period and 50 mM initial N was favourable for secondary metabolite synthesis. 50 mM initial phosphate concentration facilitated both cell growth and secondary metabolites synthesis.
文摘The gastrointestinal health is very important aspect concerning human health. It refers to nutrient and vitamin absorption, food digestion and various infectious diseases. The Paecilomyces hepiali and Cordyceps militaris are highly enriched with cordycepin and ergosterol which are considered as anti bacterial substances. Present study finds out comparative effect of hot water extract of particular fungal material on growth of six species of gastrointestinal bacteria that belong to both aerobic and anaerobic and, consist with harmful and commensal categories. The appropriate concentration level of hot water extract of both strains was identified. The individual specific bacterial growing media were prepared and calculated;amounts of bacteria cultures were inoculated by using micro pipettes. The optical density and number of bacterial colonies were measured after 24 hours. The pure mycelial extract of P. hepiali with 2 × 10-3 g/ml of concentration has significant effect on depleting the growth of E. coli, E. faecalis, S. aureus, L. gasseri and B. ovatus bacteria. B. longum has no significant effect by particular extract. Same type of extract of C. militaris has significantly reduced the growth of every bacteria used in this study. Hot water extract of C. militaris cultivated on soy bean has significant growth retardation toward E. coli, E. faecalis, S. aureus and L. gasseri. It has stimulated the growth of B. ovatus and B. longum which are considered as beneficial bacteria for human gut. This study shows that extracts of both mycelia include antimicrobial substances like cordycepin and ergosterol which can be used as food supplements to enhance human gut health.
文摘Nucleic acid drugs are desirable therapeutics for the treatment of fatal diseases like cancers.For clinical translation of nucleic acid drugs,carrier systems that protect nucleic acid from degradation and help cellular uptake are needed.Accordingly cationic polymers are used as a carrier due to their strong electrostatic interaction with nucleic acids,which produce nanosized particles[1].
基金Supported by Teaching and Research Award Program for Outstanding Young Teachers in High Education Institutions of Ministry of Education,China(No.NCET-05-0279)Liaoning Science and Technology Foundation,China(No.2005226008)
文摘Stylopeptide 1 synthesized and isolated from different sources exhibits a large activity difference in inhibitory effect on the growth of a cancer cell.Based on the different amounts of methanol and water during synthesis,isolation and purification of the cyclic peptides,molecular dynamics(MD) was employed to simulate the conformation of stylopeptide 1 in methanol and aqueous environments.The comparative results show that the backbone ring was more rigid in methanol than in water.In methanol,two β-turns and three hydrogen bonds were well conserved throughout the simulation,whereas no hydrogen bonds or turns were preserved in water.The activity difference of stylopeptide 1 seemed to be attributed to the solvent effect on its conformation.
基金This work was partially supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technology(2012R1A1A2042768)by Grant No.A092018 of the Korean Health Technology R&D Project funded by the Ministry for Health,Welfare&Family Affairs,Republic of Korea.
文摘Tributyrin,a triglyceride analog of short chain fatty acid butyrate,can act as a prodrug of an anticancer agent butyrate.In view of other reports that demonstrated the improved characteristics of conventional liposomes by incorporating small amount of nonphospholipids such as Tween 80,herein we sought to investigate whether the incorporation of tributyrin into the liposomal layers may provide additional advantages for liposomes as an anticancer drug carrier.Liposomes were prepared with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine as a main phospholipid with or without addition of tributyrin.Celecoxib was loaded in liposomes as a model anticancer drug.Tween 80-incorporated liposomes were also prepared for comparison.Tributyrin-incorporated liposomes were ineffective in enhancing the skin permeation of celecoxib compared to Tween 80-incorporated ones.However,tributyrin-incorporated liposomes enhanced the entrapped celecoxib concentration to an extent comparable to Tween 80-incorporated ones.Furthermore,tributyrin-incorporated liposomes exhibited much higher stability compared to Tween 80-incorporated ones.Finally,the cellular uptake of celecoxib loaded in tributyrin-incorporated liposomes into mouse melanoma cells were more than 10-fold higher compared to that loaded in conventional-and Tween 80-incorporated liposomes.Taken together,the incorporation of tributyrin into conventional liposomes loaded with anticancer drugs may provide an advanced anticancer drug carrier delivering both drug and tributyrin.
文摘The variations of antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase （SOD： EC 1.15.1.1）, peroxidase （POD： EC 1.11.1.7） and catalase （CAT： EC 1.11.1.6）, lipid peroxidation and major electrolytes in Aloe vera irrigated for three years with seawater having different salinity were studied. The results indicate that POD activity increased significantly at 10% seawater level, whereas decreased at higher seawater levels. The SOD activity decreased with increasing seawater concentration except for treatment with 100% seawater （denoted as T100%） under long-term salt stress. Salinity decreased CAT activity,and increased lipid peroxidation and cell membrane injury. In addition, Ca^2＋ content was high in Aloe irrigated by seawater of low salinity level, but low in Aloe irrigated by seawater of high salinity level. An opposite trend was observed for the effect of seawater on Na^＋ content of plants. K^＋ and Mg^2＋ contents remain relatively stable under various seawater levels, which benefit plant growth.
文摘Destrin, also called actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF), exists in resting parotid tissue as phosphorylated (inactive) and dephosphorylated (active) forms, and β-adrenergic stimulation of this tissue induces dephosphorylation of destrin. It is suggested that destrin dephosphorylation is involved in cortical F-actin disruption observed in parallel with β-agonist-induced amylase secretion. At present, the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation mechanism of destrin in parotid tissue is not known. We previously detected, in a crude rat parotid extract, a constitutively active protein kinase catalyzing phosphorylation of destrin;however, its identification has been hampered by difficulty in its enrichment. The purpose of this study was to explore a simple purification method(s) for this enzyme. To this end, we first developed a high-throughput dot-blot assay for the kinase with an anti-phosphodestrin antibody and then studied its purification by column chromatography on several media. We found that the kinase could be partially purified by sequential chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, phenyl-Sepharose, and hydroxyapatite columns. In each chromatography, however, the kinase could be eluted, at the cost of resolution, only by sharp increases in the elution power of the eluent;gradual increases in the elution power resulted in unacceptably poor recovery. We confirmed that enzymatic properties of the kinase were not basically altered during the purification. Further purification of the kinase was achieved by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), which resolved the kinase activity into two bands and separated the activity from most proteins (the kinase activity after PAGE was detected with destrin-coated polyvinylidene difluoride membranes and the anti-phosphodestrin antibody). The two bands seem to constitute the major destrin-phosphorylating activity in the resting rat parotid gland. We here report its partial purification and characterization together with the detection methods.
基金supported by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, MAFF, Tokyo, Japan (27001B)
文摘We developed a microplate assay method for determining the contents of triacylglycerols（TAGs）, phosphatidylcholines（PCs）, and free fatty acids（FFAs） in the rice bran of one grain using enzymatic reactions. In this method, enzymes from commercially available kits were used. Optimum reaction conditions were established. It was found that Nonidet P-40 was the optimal among the three surfactants used（Triton X-100, Tween 40, and Nonidet P-40） when lipid was dissolved in a reaction solution. Using this method, it was possible to quantify TAGs, PCs, and FFAs in concentration ranges of 7–150, 5–70, and 8–200 mg L-（–1）, respectively. Furthermore, when the TAG contents in the rice bran were measured, the values closely corresponded to those obtained by extracting from large amounts of rice bran. However, sufficient data on the PC and FFA contents in rice bran are not available for valid comparisons. Although this method can accurately quantify the TAG contents in the rice bran of one grain, the accuracy of the PC and FFA contents has not been verified. Hence, future study is necessary.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number 22172014the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,grant number DUT20LK42+3 种基金LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program,grant number XLYC1802030supports of this research by JSPSKAKENHI(Grant Number 17K19112)JSTFOREST Program(Grant Number JPMJFR205X,Japan)the Kobayashi Foundation.
文摘Biological cells exhibit diverse phenomena induced through linking of chemical reactions of molecules and solid surface contact.It is then a significant topic in the field of chemistry to study phenomena induced through this linking using synthetic systems,which can promote our understanding of biological phenomena and can be applied to the development of novel functions.Silica nanoparticles(sNPs),which are synthetic inorganic materials,are attractive for such purposes,because of their following characteristics:they can adsorb large amounts of molecules on their surfaces,they can aggregate through contact between SNPs as well as contact between molecules and SNPs,and the molecules can be easily removed from solutions by precipitation.The contact of sNP surfaces with molecules then affects chemical reactions of molecules and also behaviors of sNPs.This article describes systems derived from synthetic helical molecules and sNPs,which exhibit notable phenomena including selective adsorption and molecular recognition,equilibrium shift,step kinetics with induction period,precipitation with flow and sweeping,and disaggregation and desorption by sonication,in which the high affinity of helical molecules with sNP surfaces plays important roles.Mechanistic models that explain the phenomena are provided.Possible applications are also discussed,including the separation of molecules,capture of intermediates,the storage and release of molecules,equilibrium shift,clocking,and the translation of mechanical stimulations into chemical reactions.
基金the State Science and Technology Project of China (No.2001BA204B01).
文摘An iterative optimization strategy is proposed and applied to the steady state optimizing control of the bio-dissimilation process of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol in the presence of model-plant mismatch and input constraints. The scheme is based on the Augmented Integrated System Optimization and Parameter Estimation （AI- SOPE） technique, but a linearization of some performance function in the modified model-based optimization problem of AISOPE is introduced to overcome the difficulty of determining an appropriate penalty parameter. When carrying out the iterative optimization, the penalty coefficient is set to a larger value at the current iteration than at the previous iteration, which can promote the evolution rate of the iterative optimization. Simulation studies illustrate the potential ofthe approach presented for the optimizing control of the bioTdissimilation process of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol. The effects of measurement noise, measured and unmeasured disturbances on the proposed algorithm are also investigated.
基金Supported by a grant from the Korea Food Research Institute(Grant number:E0131601)
文摘Objective:To isolate and identify the anticancer compound against proliferation of human colon cancer cells from ethyl acetate(EtOAc)extract ol Phellinus linteus grown on germinated brown rice(PB).Methods:EtOAc extract of PB was partitioned with n-hexane,EtOAc,and water-saturated n-butanol.Anticancer compound of n-hexane layer was isolated and identified by HPLC and NMR,respectively.Cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells was tested by SRB assay.Results:The n-hexane layer obtained after solvent fractionation of PB EtOAc extracts showed a potent anticancer activity against the HT-29 cell line.Atractylenolide I,a eudesmane-type sesquiterpene lactone,a major anticancer substance of PB,was isolated from the n-hexane layer by silica gel column chromatography and preparative-HPLC.This structure was elucidated by one-and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic data.Atractylenolide I has not been reported in mushrooms or rice as of yet.The isolated compound dose-dependently inhibited the growth of HT-29 human colon cancer cells.Conclusions:Atractylenolide I might contribute to the anticancer effect of PB.
