The potential of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)in regenerative medicine has been largely known due to their capability to induce tissue regeneration in vivo with minimum inflammation during implantation.This adult stem ...The potential of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)in regenerative medicine has been largely known due to their capability to induce tissue regeneration in vivo with minimum inflammation during implantation.This adult stem cell type exhibit unique features of tissue repair mechanism and immune modulation mediated by their secreted factors,called secretome.Recently,the utilization of secretome as a therapeutic agent provided new insight into cell-free therapy.Nevertheless,a sufficient amount of secretome is necessary to realize their applications for translational medicine which required a proper biomanufacturing process.Several factors related to their production need to be considered to produce a clinical-grade secretome as a biological therapeutic agent.This viewpoint highlights the current challenges and considerations during the biomanufacturing process of MSCs secretome.展开更多
Cold energy generation systems must be improved to prevent catastrophic climate change. In this study, we focused on an absorption chiller cycle with HFC-134a and an ionic liquid pair as the refrigerant and absorbent,...Cold energy generation systems must be improved to prevent catastrophic climate change. In this study, we focused on an absorption chiller cycle with HFC-134a and an ionic liquid pair as the refrigerant and absorbent, respectively. It was expected that this absorption chiller cycle could generate cold heat below 0°C. Two liquids were selected and their absorption equilibrium with this pair was evaluated for the absorption chiller cycle. We measured the adsorbed amount at equilibrium with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [BMIM][Tf2N] and N-trimethyl-N-butylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [N1113][Tf2N]. The experimental results were reproduced using the non-random two liquid (NRTL) model. This analysis model corresponded well in terms of the amount of adsorption at equilibrium with the experimental results. A Duhring diagram was also generated the NRTL model, and the absorption cycle characteristics as a function of temperature were determined. The absorption chiller cycle obtained cold heat at 10°C with a regeneration temperature of 70°C in addition to generating cold heat below 0°C.展开更多
Bacillus subtilis was investigated as production of biosurfactant using a combination based on waste of candy industry and glycerol from biodiesel production process as only substrate. The experimental design chosen f...Bacillus subtilis was investigated as production of biosurfactant using a combination based on waste of candy industry and glycerol from biodiesel production process as only substrate. The experimental design chosen for optimization by response surface methodology was a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) and dry weight (DW) and crude biosurfactant (CB) concentrations were selected as responses in analysis. Two techniques were implemented response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). First challenge of study was to assess the effects of the interactions between variables and reach optimum values. With the CCRD results, RSM and ANN models were developed, optimizing the production of biosurfactant. The correlation coefficients (R2) of RSM models explained 88% for DW and 73% for CB of the interactions among substrate concentrations, while ANN models explained 99% for DW and 98% for CB, demonstrating that developed ANN models were more accurate and consistent in predicting optimized conditions than RSM model. The maximum DW and CB produced in the optimum conditions were 25.60 ± 5.0 g/L and 668 ± 40 mg/L, respectively. The crude biosurfactant also showed applications in cases of oil spreading in water due to clear zone produced in Petri dishes assays.展开更多
Ammonia synthesis reactors operate in conditions of high pressure and high temperature. Consequently, the flow inside these reactors always presents interaction between components in the feed mixture. A modeling accou...Ammonia synthesis reactors operate in conditions of high pressure and high temperature. Consequently, the flow inside these reactors always presents interaction between components in the feed mixture. A modeling accounts these interactions with pressure, temperature and the molar fraction is essential to converter simulation more realistic. The compositional approach based on cubic equations of state provides the influences of the component of a gas mixture using mixing rules and binary interaction parameters. This multicomponent description makes the model more robust and reliable for properties mixture prediction. In this work, two models of ammonia synthesis reactors were simulated: adiabatic and autothermal. The fitted expression of Singh and Saraf was used. The adiabatic reactor model presented a maximum relative error of 1.6% in temperature and 11.4% in conversion while the autothermal reactor model presents a maximum error of 2.7% in temperature, when compared to plant data. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis in input variables of both converter models was performed to predict operational limits and performance of the Models for Ammonia Reactor Simulation (MARS).展开更多
Thermal degradation of a FR-4 type printed circuit board, PCB, containing brominated flame retardant has been studied both in inert and oxidative atmosphere for the emission control of harmful brominated compounds. Th...Thermal degradation of a FR-4 type printed circuit board, PCB, containing brominated flame retardant has been studied both in inert and oxidative atmosphere for the emission control of harmful brominated compounds. The presence of oxygen in atmosphere resulted in the reduction of the yield of hydrogen bromide, one of the major brominated compounds in thermal treatment, and in the enhancement of the formation of bromine and hypobromous acid. The intentional addition of zinc oxide to the PCB powder sample gave rise to the fixation of Br as zinc bromide. It also resulted in the promotion of the release of brominated compounds in comparison to the case of pure PCB. Thus, the addition of the oxide can be a benefit with respect to the bromine fixation and the kinetics of thermal treatment of PCB as well as metal recovery.展开更多
Even with rigorous environmental regulations, phenol still is a major contaminant. One possible solution is the use of heterogeneous photocatalysis due to low chemical addition, feasibility and reliability to be impla...Even with rigorous environmental regulations, phenol still is a major contaminant. One possible solution is the use of heterogeneous photocatalysis due to low chemical addition, feasibility and reliability to be implanted on cost-effective industrial process. TiO2 is the most employed photocatalyst because of its favorable (photo) chemical properties and ZnO is considered one of the best alternative for that. Other oxides were tested in lesser proportions, like CuO and Ga2O3. When the photocatalyst is dispersed as slurry, higher degradation rates are achieved due to high solid to liquid contact area when compared with supported form. The aim of this work was to develop a batch recirculating photocatalytic reactor and evaluate its efficiency when assisted by the photocatalysts TiO2 P25, ZnO, CuO and β-Ga2O3. TiO2 achieved 95% mineralization after 200 min reaction in an average degradation rate of 0.68 mg·L﹣1·min﹣1 and ZnO was less efficient (0.41 mg·L﹣1·min﹣1). Ga2O3 and CuO presented poor performance, mainly due to low surface area for the CuO syntesized and the absorption of the UV radiation by the reactor walls, decreasing Ga2O3 activity. Degradation intermediates were detected in diverse concentrations and at different operational times for each oxide tested, which indicate different degradation mechanisms.展开更多
This work presents the formation of butyl levulinate,a potential fuel additive,and an excellent renewable chemical obtained by the butanolysis of furfuryl alcohol(FAL)over a solid acid catalyst.The butanolysis of furf...This work presents the formation of butyl levulinate,a potential fuel additive,and an excellent renewable chemical obtained by the butanolysis of furfuryl alcohol(FAL)over a solid acid catalyst.The butanolysis of furfuryl alcohol reaction is a strong function of acidity for which tungstated zirconia(WO_(3)-ZrO_(2)),a robust solid acid catalyst,and a sulfonated carbon catalyst were employed to produce high yields of butyl levulinate targeting a lower initial molar ratio of butanol to FAL.A maximum of 28 mol%yield of butyl levulinate was obtained with tungstated zirconia catalyst.Easily prepared sulfonated carbon catalyst at high reaction temperatures facilitated the complete conversion of reaction intermediate,2-butoxymethylfuran(2-BMF)through which butyl levulinate was formed,and as high as 80 mol%of butyl levulinate yield was produced at an initial mole ratio of 8.5:1 of butanol to FAL.The better results of sulfonated carbon catalyst could be attributed to the presence of-SO3H,carboxylic acid,and phenolic OH groups on the carbon surface.展开更多
The current state of lignin has been characterized by these three:(1)as one of the main components in lignocellulosic biomass with an abundant amount;(2)not be taken seriously but treated as a waste product;(3)underut...The current state of lignin has been characterized by these three:(1)as one of the main components in lignocellulosic biomass with an abundant amount;(2)not be taken seriously but treated as a waste product;(3)underutilized due to a complex and stubborn structure.However,lignin can be a rich source for hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds when gives appropriate utilization.In this work,we have studied the hydrotreatment of alkaline lignin(AL)under relatively mild conditions and further investigated the characterization of hydrogenated lignin(HL),especially the behavior during fast pyrolysis.The recovery of the HL decreased with increasing reaction temperature from 60 wt.%to 41 wt.%in the range of 150-250℃.The hydrotreated products were analyzed using Elemental Analysis,FTIR(for HL)and GC-MS(for bio-oil).The HL samples were found to have a higher hydrogen/carbon atomic effective ratio(H/C_(eff) ratio)and a higher degree of saturation than AL.Compared to the internal structure of the lignin before and after hydrotreatment,the side chain groups were removed from AL during the process.After that,from the fast pyrolysis of HL,it was observed that more light hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds were formed than that of AL.Furthermore,fast pyrolysis in the hydrogen atmosphere revealed that more volatile fractions were released compared to the Helium atmosphere.The total olefins yield was increased for HL compared AL from 1.02 wt.%to 3.1 wt.%at 250℃for 7 hours.This study of HL is instructive to some extent for the industrial utilization of lignin.展开更多
Heteroatom doped porous carbon materials have emerged as essential cathode material for metal-air battery systems in the context of soaring demands for clean energy conversion and storage.Herein,a three-dimensional ni...Heteroatom doped porous carbon materials have emerged as essential cathode material for metal-air battery systems in the context of soaring demands for clean energy conversion and storage.Herein,a three-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon self-supported electrode(TNCSE)is fabricated through thermal treatment and acid activation of raw wood.The resulting TNCSE retains the hierarchical porous architecture of parent raw lumber and holds substantial defect sites and doped N sites in the carbon skeleton.Assembled as a cathode in the rechargeable zinc-air battery,the TNCSE exhibits a superior peak power density of 134.02 m W/cm^(2)and an energy density of 835.92 m Ah/g,significantly exceeding the ones reference commercial 20%Pt/C does.More strikingly,a limited performance decay of 1.47%after an ultra long-period(500 h)cycle is also achieved on the TNCSE.This work could offer a green and cost-save approach for rationally converting biomass into a robust self-supporting cathode material for a rechargeable zinc-air battery.展开更多
Solid lithium-sulfur batteries(SLSBs)show potential for practical application due to their possibility for high energy density.However,SLSBs still face tough challenges such as the large interface impedance and lithiu...Solid lithium-sulfur batteries(SLSBs)show potential for practical application due to their possibility for high energy density.However,SLSBs still face tough challenges such as the large interface impedance and lithium dendrite formation.Herein,a highperformance SLSB is demonstrated by using a fiber network reinforced Li_(6.75)La_(3)Zr_(1.75)Ta_(0.25)O_(12)(LLZTO)based composite solid electrolyte(CSE)in combination with sulfurized polyacrylonitrile(SPAN)cathode.The CSE consisting of an electrospun polyimide(PI)film,LLZTO ionically conducting filler and polyacrylonitrile(PAN)matrix,which is named as PI-PAN/LLZTO CSE,possesses high room-temperature ionic conductivity(2.75×10^(-4)S/cm),high Li^(+)migration number(tLi+)of 0.67 and good interfacial wettability.SPAN is utilized due to its unique electrochemical properties:reasonable electronic conductivity and no polysulfides shuttle effect.The CSE enables a highly stable Li plating/stripping cycle for over 600 h and good rate performance.Moreover,the assembled SLSB exhibits good cycle performance of accomplishing 120 cycles at 0.2 C with the capacity retention of 474 mAh/g,good rate properties and excellent long-term cycling stability with a high capacity retention of 86.49%from 15^(th)to 1,000^(th)cycles at 1.0 C.This work rationalizes our design concept and may guide the future development of SLSBs.展开更多
基金This study is supported by Universitas Aisyiyah Yogyakarta as a part of the Collaborative Biotechnology Research Advancement Project 2021.
文摘The potential of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)in regenerative medicine has been largely known due to their capability to induce tissue regeneration in vivo with minimum inflammation during implantation.This adult stem cell type exhibit unique features of tissue repair mechanism and immune modulation mediated by their secreted factors,called secretome.Recently,the utilization of secretome as a therapeutic agent provided new insight into cell-free therapy.Nevertheless,a sufficient amount of secretome is necessary to realize their applications for translational medicine which required a proper biomanufacturing process.Several factors related to their production need to be considered to produce a clinical-grade secretome as a biological therapeutic agent.This viewpoint highlights the current challenges and considerations during the biomanufacturing process of MSCs secretome.
文摘Cold energy generation systems must be improved to prevent catastrophic climate change. In this study, we focused on an absorption chiller cycle with HFC-134a and an ionic liquid pair as the refrigerant and absorbent, respectively. It was expected that this absorption chiller cycle could generate cold heat below 0°C. Two liquids were selected and their absorption equilibrium with this pair was evaluated for the absorption chiller cycle. We measured the adsorbed amount at equilibrium with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [BMIM][Tf2N] and N-trimethyl-N-butylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [N1113][Tf2N]. The experimental results were reproduced using the non-random two liquid (NRTL) model. This analysis model corresponded well in terms of the amount of adsorption at equilibrium with the experimental results. A Duhring diagram was also generated the NRTL model, and the absorption cycle characteristics as a function of temperature were determined. The absorption chiller cycle obtained cold heat at 10°C with a regeneration temperature of 70°C in addition to generating cold heat below 0°C.
文摘Bacillus subtilis was investigated as production of biosurfactant using a combination based on waste of candy industry and glycerol from biodiesel production process as only substrate. The experimental design chosen for optimization by response surface methodology was a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) and dry weight (DW) and crude biosurfactant (CB) concentrations were selected as responses in analysis. Two techniques were implemented response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). First challenge of study was to assess the effects of the interactions between variables and reach optimum values. With the CCRD results, RSM and ANN models were developed, optimizing the production of biosurfactant. The correlation coefficients (R2) of RSM models explained 88% for DW and 73% for CB of the interactions among substrate concentrations, while ANN models explained 99% for DW and 98% for CB, demonstrating that developed ANN models were more accurate and consistent in predicting optimized conditions than RSM model. The maximum DW and CB produced in the optimum conditions were 25.60 ± 5.0 g/L and 668 ± 40 mg/L, respectively. The crude biosurfactant also showed applications in cases of oil spreading in water due to clear zone produced in Petri dishes assays.
文摘Ammonia synthesis reactors operate in conditions of high pressure and high temperature. Consequently, the flow inside these reactors always presents interaction between components in the feed mixture. A modeling accounts these interactions with pressure, temperature and the molar fraction is essential to converter simulation more realistic. The compositional approach based on cubic equations of state provides the influences of the component of a gas mixture using mixing rules and binary interaction parameters. This multicomponent description makes the model more robust and reliable for properties mixture prediction. In this work, two models of ammonia synthesis reactors were simulated: adiabatic and autothermal. The fitted expression of Singh and Saraf was used. The adiabatic reactor model presented a maximum relative error of 1.6% in temperature and 11.4% in conversion while the autothermal reactor model presents a maximum error of 2.7% in temperature, when compared to plant data. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis in input variables of both converter models was performed to predict operational limits and performance of the Models for Ammonia Reactor Simulation (MARS).
文摘Thermal degradation of a FR-4 type printed circuit board, PCB, containing brominated flame retardant has been studied both in inert and oxidative atmosphere for the emission control of harmful brominated compounds. The presence of oxygen in atmosphere resulted in the reduction of the yield of hydrogen bromide, one of the major brominated compounds in thermal treatment, and in the enhancement of the formation of bromine and hypobromous acid. The intentional addition of zinc oxide to the PCB powder sample gave rise to the fixation of Br as zinc bromide. It also resulted in the promotion of the release of brominated compounds in comparison to the case of pure PCB. Thus, the addition of the oxide can be a benefit with respect to the bromine fixation and the kinetics of thermal treatment of PCB as well as metal recovery.
基金This project was financially supported by National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq)National Council for the Improvement of Higher Education(CAPES).
文摘Even with rigorous environmental regulations, phenol still is a major contaminant. One possible solution is the use of heterogeneous photocatalysis due to low chemical addition, feasibility and reliability to be implanted on cost-effective industrial process. TiO2 is the most employed photocatalyst because of its favorable (photo) chemical properties and ZnO is considered one of the best alternative for that. Other oxides were tested in lesser proportions, like CuO and Ga2O3. When the photocatalyst is dispersed as slurry, higher degradation rates are achieved due to high solid to liquid contact area when compared with supported form. The aim of this work was to develop a batch recirculating photocatalytic reactor and evaluate its efficiency when assisted by the photocatalysts TiO2 P25, ZnO, CuO and β-Ga2O3. TiO2 achieved 95% mineralization after 200 min reaction in an average degradation rate of 0.68 mg·L﹣1·min﹣1 and ZnO was less efficient (0.41 mg·L﹣1·min﹣1). Ga2O3 and CuO presented poor performance, mainly due to low surface area for the CuO syntesized and the absorption of the UV radiation by the reactor walls, decreasing Ga2O3 activity. Degradation intermediates were detected in diverse concentrations and at different operational times for each oxide tested, which indicate different degradation mechanisms.
基金supported in part by Japan Science and Technology Agency Strategic International Collaborative Research Program(JST SICORP)Grant Number JPMJSC18H1,Japan.U.Rthe financial support by JICA IITH-FRIENDSHIP(D1956755)scholarship for suppoeting this study。
文摘This work presents the formation of butyl levulinate,a potential fuel additive,and an excellent renewable chemical obtained by the butanolysis of furfuryl alcohol(FAL)over a solid acid catalyst.The butanolysis of furfuryl alcohol reaction is a strong function of acidity for which tungstated zirconia(WO_(3)-ZrO_(2)),a robust solid acid catalyst,and a sulfonated carbon catalyst were employed to produce high yields of butyl levulinate targeting a lower initial molar ratio of butanol to FAL.A maximum of 28 mol%yield of butyl levulinate was obtained with tungstated zirconia catalyst.Easily prepared sulfonated carbon catalyst at high reaction temperatures facilitated the complete conversion of reaction intermediate,2-butoxymethylfuran(2-BMF)through which butyl levulinate was formed,and as high as 80 mol%of butyl levulinate yield was produced at an initial mole ratio of 8.5:1 of butanol to FAL.The better results of sulfonated carbon catalyst could be attributed to the presence of-SO3H,carboxylic acid,and phenolic OH groups on the carbon surface.
基金supported by Japan Science and Technology Agency Strategic International Collaborative Research Program(JST SICORP)Grant Number JPMJSC18H1,Japanthe financial support of the China Scholarships Council(Grant Numbers 201906730062).
文摘The current state of lignin has been characterized by these three:(1)as one of the main components in lignocellulosic biomass with an abundant amount;(2)not be taken seriously but treated as a waste product;(3)underutilized due to a complex and stubborn structure.However,lignin can be a rich source for hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds when gives appropriate utilization.In this work,we have studied the hydrotreatment of alkaline lignin(AL)under relatively mild conditions and further investigated the characterization of hydrogenated lignin(HL),especially the behavior during fast pyrolysis.The recovery of the HL decreased with increasing reaction temperature from 60 wt.%to 41 wt.%in the range of 150-250℃.The hydrotreated products were analyzed using Elemental Analysis,FTIR(for HL)and GC-MS(for bio-oil).The HL samples were found to have a higher hydrogen/carbon atomic effective ratio(H/C_(eff) ratio)and a higher degree of saturation than AL.Compared to the internal structure of the lignin before and after hydrotreatment,the side chain groups were removed from AL during the process.After that,from the fast pyrolysis of HL,it was observed that more light hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds were formed than that of AL.Furthermore,fast pyrolysis in the hydrogen atmosphere revealed that more volatile fractions were released compared to the Helium atmosphere.The total olefins yield was increased for HL compared AL from 1.02 wt.%to 3.1 wt.%at 250℃for 7 hours.This study of HL is instructive to some extent for the industrial utilization of lignin.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21905055)the start-up funding of Guangdong University of Technology(Nos.220413207 and 220418129)support from Research Fund Program of Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province。
文摘Heteroatom doped porous carbon materials have emerged as essential cathode material for metal-air battery systems in the context of soaring demands for clean energy conversion and storage.Herein,a three-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon self-supported electrode(TNCSE)is fabricated through thermal treatment and acid activation of raw wood.The resulting TNCSE retains the hierarchical porous architecture of parent raw lumber and holds substantial defect sites and doped N sites in the carbon skeleton.Assembled as a cathode in the rechargeable zinc-air battery,the TNCSE exhibits a superior peak power density of 134.02 m W/cm^(2)and an energy density of 835.92 m Ah/g,significantly exceeding the ones reference commercial 20%Pt/C does.More strikingly,a limited performance decay of 1.47%after an ultra long-period(500 h)cycle is also achieved on the TNCSE.This work could offer a green and cost-save approach for rationally converting biomass into a robust self-supporting cathode material for a rechargeable zinc-air battery.
基金The authors are indebted to the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFE0122500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21878185 and 51772188)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.21ZR1434800).
文摘Solid lithium-sulfur batteries(SLSBs)show potential for practical application due to their possibility for high energy density.However,SLSBs still face tough challenges such as the large interface impedance and lithium dendrite formation.Herein,a highperformance SLSB is demonstrated by using a fiber network reinforced Li_(6.75)La_(3)Zr_(1.75)Ta_(0.25)O_(12)(LLZTO)based composite solid electrolyte(CSE)in combination with sulfurized polyacrylonitrile(SPAN)cathode.The CSE consisting of an electrospun polyimide(PI)film,LLZTO ionically conducting filler and polyacrylonitrile(PAN)matrix,which is named as PI-PAN/LLZTO CSE,possesses high room-temperature ionic conductivity(2.75×10^(-4)S/cm),high Li^(+)migration number(tLi+)of 0.67 and good interfacial wettability.SPAN is utilized due to its unique electrochemical properties:reasonable electronic conductivity and no polysulfides shuttle effect.The CSE enables a highly stable Li plating/stripping cycle for over 600 h and good rate performance.Moreover,the assembled SLSB exhibits good cycle performance of accomplishing 120 cycles at 0.2 C with the capacity retention of 474 mAh/g,good rate properties and excellent long-term cycling stability with a high capacity retention of 86.49%from 15^(th)to 1,000^(th)cycles at 1.0 C.This work rationalizes our design concept and may guide the future development of SLSBs.
