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Event segmentation in ADHD:neglect of social information and deviant theta activity point to a mechanism underlying ADHD
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作者 Astrid Prochnow Xianzhen Zhou +3 位作者 Foroogh Ghorbani Veit Roessner Bernhard Hommel Christian Beste 《General Psychiatry》 CSCD 2024年第3期431-439,共9页
Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is one of the most frequently diagnosed psychiatric conditions in children and adolescents.Although the symptoms appear to be well described,no coherent concept... Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is one of the most frequently diagnosed psychiatric conditions in children and adolescents.Although the symptoms appear to be well described,no coherent conceptual mechanistic framework integrates their occurrence and variance and the associated problems that people with ADHD face.Aims The current study proposes that altered event segmentation processes provide a novel mechanistic framework for understanding deficits in ADHD.Methods Adolescents with ADHD and neurotypically developing(NT)peers watched a short movie and were then asked to indicate the boundaries between meaningful segments of the movie.Concomitantly recorded electroencephalography(EEG)data were analysed for differences in frequency band activity and effective connectivity between brain areas.Results Compared with their NT peers,the ADHD group showed less dependence of their segmentation behaviour on social information,indicating that they did not consider social information to the same extent as their unaffected peers.This divergence was accompanied by differences in EEG theta band activity and a different effective connectivity network architecture at the source level.Specifically,NT adolescents primarily showed error signalling in and between the left and right fusiform gyri related to social information processing,which was not the case in the ADHD group.For the ADHD group,the inferior frontal cortex associated with attentional sampling served as a hub instead,indicating problems in the deployment of attentional control.Conclusions This study shows that adolescents with ADHD perceive events differently from their NT peers,in association with a different brain network architecture that reflects less adaptation to the situation and problems in attentional sampling of environmental information.The results call for a novel conceptual view of ADHD,based on event segmentation theory. 展开更多
关键词 instead meaningful primarily
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Psychiatric outcomes in outpatients affected by long COVID:A link between mental health and persistence of olfactory complaint
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作者 Victoria Metelkina-Fernandez Louise-Emilie Dumas +5 位作者 Clair Vandersteen David Chirio Auriane Gros Arnaud Fernandez Florence Askenazy Valeria Manera 《World Journal of Psychiatry》 SCIE 2024年第4期507-512,共6页
BACKGROUND Anosmia was one of the main symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).A psychiatric history(i.e.,depression)may be an independent contributor to the risk of COVID-19 diagnosis,and COVID-19 survivors ap... BACKGROUND Anosmia was one of the main symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).A psychiatric history(i.e.,depression)may be an independent contributor to the risk of COVID-19 diagnosis,and COVID-19 survivors appear to have an increased risk of neuropsychiatric sequelae(bidirectional association).AIM To compare the rate of psychiatric disorder among post-COVID patients without anosmia vs patients with persistent olfactory complaints.METHODS We conducted a prospective case control study from March 2020 to May 2021.Patients recruited at the ENT department of Nice University Hospital had a subjective olfactory complaint(visual analogue scale)for over 6 wk and a molecular or CT-proven severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 diagnosis confirmed by serology.Post-COVID patients without persistent olfactory disorders were recruited at the university hospital infectiology department.Psychiatric medical histories were collected by a psychiatrist during the assessments.RESULTS Thirty-four patients with post-COVID-19 olfactory complaints were included in the first group of the study.Fifty percent of the patients were female(n=17).The group’s mean age was 40.5±12.9 years.The control group included 32 participants,of which 34.4%were female(n=11),and had a mean age of 61.2±12.2 years.The rate of psychiatric disorder among post-COVID patients with olfactory complaints was significatively higher(41.7%)than among patients without(18.8%)(χ2=5.9,P=0.015).CONCLUSION The presence of a psychiatric history may constitute a potential risk factor for the development of long COVID due to persistent anosmia.It therefore seems important to establish reinforced health monitoring after a COVID 19 infection in at-risk patients.Further prospective,translational,and collaborative studies are needed to extrapolate these results to the general population. 展开更多
关键词 COVID-19 ANOSMIA PSYCHIATRY Stress NEUROPLASTICITY Psychiatric history
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Embracing different languages and local differences:Coconstructive patient simulation strengthens host countries’clinical training in psychiatry
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作者 Şafak ErayÇamlı Büşra Ece Yavuz +6 位作者 Meliha Feyza Gök Idil Yazgan Yanki Yazgan Ayelet Brand-Gothelf Doron Gothelf Doron Amsalem Andrés Martin 《World Journal of Psychiatry》 SCIE 2024年第1期111-118,共8页
BACKGROUND Global education in psychiatry is heavily influenced by knowledge from Western,high-income countries,which obscures local voices and expertise.AIM To adapt a human simulation model to psychiatric education ... BACKGROUND Global education in psychiatry is heavily influenced by knowledge from Western,high-income countries,which obscures local voices and expertise.AIM To adapt a human simulation model to psychiatric education in a context that is specific to local languages and cultures.METHODS We conducted an observational study consisting of six human simulation sessions with standardized patients from two host countries,speaking their native languages,and following an adaptation of the co-constructive patient simulation(CCPS)model.As local faculty became increasingly familiar with the CCPS approach,they took on the role of facilitators—in their country’s native language.RESULTS Fifty-three learners participated:19 child and adolescent psychiatry trainees and 3 faculty members in Türkiye(as a group that met online during 3 consecutive months);and 24 trainees and 7 faculty in Israel(divided into 3 groups,in parallel in-person sessions during a single training day).Each of the six cases reflected local realities and clinical challenges,and was associated with specific learning goals identified by each case-writing trainee.CONCLUSION Human simulation has not been fully incorporated into psychiatric education:The creation of immersive clinical experiences and the strengthening of reflective practice are two areas ripe for development.Our adaptations of CCPS can also strengthen local and regional networks and psychiatric communities of practice.Finally,the model can help question and press against hegemonies in psychiatric training that overshadow local expertise. 展开更多
关键词 Human simulation Standardized patients Medical education Psychiatric education Capacity building Local languages
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Phenomenology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: Sample from a tertiary care center in Istanbul, Turkey
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作者 Anil Cifter Ayse Burcu Erdogdu 《World Journal of Methodology》 2022年第1期54-63,共10页
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)is a heterogeneous disease in many respects and exhibits this diversity in terms of phenomenology.It also displays several different characteristics in children compared to... BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)is a heterogeneous disease in many respects and exhibits this diversity in terms of phenomenology.It also displays several different characteristics in children compared to adults.AIM To describe the socio-demographic and phenomenological features of children with OCD and to investigate the impact of these features on response to pharmacotherapy.METHODS This retrospective study was carried out with 150 children and adolescents who had been diagnosed with OCD between 2014 and 2018.Data was collected by examining the files of the patients with diagnosis of OCD and similar disorders from the hospital database.Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale for Children was used for the assessment of obsession-compulsion subtypes.The Clinical Global Impression(CGI)scale was used to evaluate the severity of the disease(CGI-S)and global improvement(CGI-I).The predictors of treatment response were evaluated using linear regression analysis.The level of significance for all statistic tests was set as P<0.05.RESULTS The sample was divided into prepubertal(44%)and adolescent(56%)age groups.The most prevalent obsessions were contamination and aggression obsessions,and the most frequent compulsions were washing and checking.While contamination was observed more commonly in the prepubertal age group,the religious obsession was seen more frequently in adolescents.Patients with aggression obsession presented a higher frequency of comorbid anxiety(P=0.022)and mood subgroups(P>0.05).A lower CGI-I score was linked to a lower CGI-S score(95%confidence interval 0.21-0.39,P<0.001)and the prepubertal age of admission(95%confidence interval 0.03-0.87,P=0.020).CONCLUSION The phenomenology of OCD shows differences depending on the age group and the comorbid psychiatric disorders.Earlier identification and treatment of OCD may help to prevent the impairment of the mental health of children and adolescents. 展开更多
关键词 Obsessive-compulsive disorder PHENOMENOLOGY COMORBIDITY Treatment response Serotonin reuptake inhibitors
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A cohort study of adolescents with depression in China:tracking multidimensional outcomes and early biomarkers for intervention 被引量:3
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作者 Xiaofei Zhang Yanling Zhou +8 位作者 Jiaqi Sun Ruilan Yang Jianshan Chen Xiaofang Cheng Zezhi Li Xinlei Chen Chanjuan Yang Xinhong Zhu Liping Cao 《General Psychiatry》 CAS CSCD 2022年第4期257-265,共9页
Background Depression in adolescents is recognised as a global public health concern,but little is known about the trajectory of its clinical symptoms and pathogenesis.Understanding the nature of adolescents with depr... Background Depression in adolescents is recognised as a global public health concern,but little is known about the trajectory of its clinical symptoms and pathogenesis.Understanding the nature of adolescents with depression and identifying earlybiomarkers can facilitatepersonalised intervention andreducediseaseburden.Aims To track multidimensional outcomes of adolescents with depression and develop objective biomarkers for diagnosis,as well as response to treatment,prognosis and guidance for early identification and intervention.Methods This is a multidimensional cohort study on the Symptomatic trajectory and Biomarkers of Early Adolescent Depression(sBEAD).We planned to recruit more than 1000 adolescents with depression and 300 healthy controls within 5 years.Multidimensional clinical presentations and objective indicators are collected at baseline,weeks 4,8,12 and 24,and years 1,2,3,4 and 5.Conclusions To the best of our knowledge,this is the first longitudinal cohort study that examines multidimensional clinical manifestations and multilevel objective markers in Chinese adolescents with depression.This study aims at providing early individualised interventions for young,depressed patients to reduce the burden of disease. 展开更多
关键词 ADOLESCENT diagnosis INTERVENTION
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Advances in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder:Wharton jelly mesenchymal stem cell transplantation
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作者 Serdar Kabatas ErdinçCivelek +3 位作者 Eyüp Can Savrunlu Umut Karaaslan Özlem Yıldız Erdal Karaöz 《World Journal of Methodology》 2025年第1期72-79,共8页
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with multifaceted origins.In recent studies,neuroinflammation and immune dysregulation have come to the forefront in its pathogenesis.Th... BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with multifaceted origins.In recent studies,neuroinflammation and immune dysregulation have come to the forefront in its pathogenesis.There are studies suggesting that stem cell therapy may be effective in the treatment of ASD.AIM To evolve the landscape of ASD treatment,focusing on the potential benefits and safety of stem cell transplantation.METHODS A detailed case report is presented,displaying the positive outcomes observed in a child who underwent intrathecal and intravenous Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSCs)transplantation combined with neurorehabilitation.RESULTS The study demonstrates a significant improvement in the child’s functional outcomes(Childhood Autism Rating Scale,Denver 2 Developmental Screening Test),especially in language and gross motor skills.No serious side effects were encountered during the 2-year follow-up.CONCLUSION The findings support the safety and effectiveness of WJ-MSC transplantation in managing ASD. 展开更多
关键词 Autism spectrum disorder NEUROREHABILITATION Stem cell transplantation Wharton jelly mesenchymal stem cells INFLAMMATION
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Stabilization of Circadian Rhythm, Its Augmentation by Bright Light Treatment and Its Importance for ADHD and Depression of Adolescents
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作者 Helmut Niederhofer 《Neuroscience & Medicine》 2013年第3期150-154,共5页
Objective: ADHD is characterized by the progressive development of, impulsiveness, attentional difficulties and sometimes also excessive hyperactivity. Main biological reason is a quantitative reduction of the neurotr... Objective: ADHD is characterized by the progressive development of, impulsiveness, attentional difficulties and sometimes also excessive hyperactivity. Main biological reason is a quantitative reduction of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the forebrain. A lack of dopamine is also typical for depressive disorders. Methods: Bright light therapy is proven to be effective in treating depression. Purpose of our study is to verify the therapeutic effectiveness of Bright light therapy in subjects affected by ADHD. Results: Results show a significant improvement which lasts for at least 4 weeks, which is superposed by regulation of the circadian rhythm. Initial decrease of especially morning saliva melatonin levels, due to regular sleep under in-patient conditions, is followed by symptom improvement and a raising evening melatonin level, due to activation during the day. This level decreases as soon as activation is ceased. Conclusion: Bright light therapy seems to be effective as add-on therapy for ADHD, but in fact, stabilization of the circadian rhythm is the most important therapeutic intervention, either for ADHD or for depression, as demonstrated in another study. 展开更多
关键词 ADHD CIRCADIAN RHYTHM BRIGHT Light Therapy
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Fear of missing out: A brief overview of origin, theoretical underpinnings and relationship with mental health 被引量:5
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作者 Mayank Gupta Aditya Sharma 《World Journal of Clinical Cases》 SCIE 2021年第19期4881-4889,共9页
Fear of missing out(FoMO)is a unique term introduced in 2004 to describe a phenomenon observed on social networking sites.FoMO includes two processes;firstly,perception of missing out,followed up with a compulsive beh... Fear of missing out(FoMO)is a unique term introduced in 2004 to describe a phenomenon observed on social networking sites.FoMO includes two processes;firstly,perception of missing out,followed up with a compulsive behavior to maintain these social connections.We are interested in understanding the complex construct of FoMO and its relations to the need to belong and form stable interpersonal relationships.It is associated with a range of negative life experiences and feelings,due to it being considered a problematic attachment to social media.We have provided a general review of the literature and have summarized the findings in relation to mental health,social functioning,sleep,academic performance and productivity,neuro-developmental disorders,and physical well-being.We have also discussed the treatment options available for FoMo based on cognitive behavior therapy.It imperative that new findings on FoMO are communicated to the clinical community as it has diagnostic implications and could be a confounding variable in those who do not respond to treatment as usual. 展开更多
关键词 Fear of missing out Mental health Physical well-being Academic performance Fear of missing out-reduction Problematic social media
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Risk for emerging bipolar disorder, variants, and symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, now grown up 被引量:3
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作者 Ahmed Z Elmaadawi Peter S Jensen +8 位作者 L Eugene Arnold Brooke SG Molina Lily Hechtman Howard B Abikoff Stephen P Hinshaw Jeffrey H Newcorn Laurence Lee Greenhill James M Swanson Cathryn A Galanter 《World Journal of Psychiatry》 SCIE 2015年第4期412-424,共13页
AIM: To determine the prevalence of bipolar disorder(BD) and sub-threshold symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) through 14 years' follow-up, when participants were between 21-24... AIM: To determine the prevalence of bipolar disorder(BD) and sub-threshold symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) through 14 years' follow-up, when participants were between 21-24 years old.METHODS: First, we examined rates of BD type Ⅰ?and Ⅱ diagnoses in youth participating in the NIMH-funded Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD(MTA). We used the diagnostic interview schedule for children(DISC), administered to both parents(DISC-P) and youth(DISCY). We compared the MTA study subjects with ADHD(n = 579) to a local normative comparison group(LNCG, n = 289) at 4 different assessment points: 6, 8, 12, and 14 years of follow-ups. To evaluate the bipolar variants, we compared total symptom counts(TSC) of DSM manic and hypomanic symptoms that were generated by DISC in ADHD and LNCG subjects. Then we sub-divided the TSC into pathognomonic manic(PM) and non-specific manic(NSM) symptoms. We compared the PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG at each assessment point and over time. We also evaluated the irritability as category A2 manic symptom in both groups and over time. Finally, we studied the irritability symptom in correlation with PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG subjects.RESULTS: DISC-generated BD diagnosis did not differ significantly in rates between ADHD(1.89%) and LNCG 1.38%). Interestingly, no participant met BD diagnosis more than once in the 4 assessment points in 14 years. However, on the symptom level, ADHD subjects reported significantly higher mean TSC scores: ADHD 3.0; LNCG 1.7; P < 0.001. ADHD status was associated with higher mean NSM: ADHD 2.0 vs LNCG 1.1; P < 0.0001. Also, ADHD subjects had higher PM symptoms than LNCG, with PM means over all time points of 1.3 ADHD; 0.9 LNCG; P = 0.0001. Examining both NSM and PM, ADHD status associated with greater NSM than PM. However, Over 14 years, the NSM symptoms declined and changed to PM over time(df 3, 2523; F = 20.1; P < 0.0001). Finally, Irritability(BD DSM criterion-A2) rates were significantly higher in ADHD than LNCG(χ2 = 122.2, P < 0.0001), but irritability was associated more strongly with NSM than PM(df 3, 2538; F = 43.2; P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: Individuals with ADHD do not appear to be at significantly greater risk for developing BD, but do show higher rates of BD symptoms, especially NSM. The greater linkage of irritability to NSM than to PM suggests caution when making BD diagnoses based on irritability alone as one of 2(A-level) symptoms for BD diagnosis, particularly in view of its frequent presentation with other psychopathologies. 展开更多
关键词 Multimodal treatment study of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER IRRITABILITY ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER Diagnostic interview schedule for CHILDREN Bipolar DISORDER
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Adolescent anxiety disorders and the developing brain: comparing neuroimaging findings in adolescents and adults 被引量:2
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作者 Shuqi Xie Xiaochen Zhang +1 位作者 Wenhong Cheng Zhi Yang 《General Psychiatry》 CSCD 2021年第4期23-31,共9页
Adolescence is the peak period for the incidence of anxiety disorders.Recent findings have revealed the immaturity of neural networks underlying emotional regulation in this population.Brain vulnerability to anxiety i... Adolescence is the peak period for the incidence of anxiety disorders.Recent findings have revealed the immaturity of neural networks underlying emotional regulation in this population.Brain vulnerability to anxiety in adolescence is related to the unsynchronised development of anxiety-relevant brain functional systems.However,our current knowledge on brain deficits in adolescent anxiety is mainly borrowed from studies on adults.Understanding adolescent-specific brain deficits is essential for developing biomarkers and brain-based therapies targeting adolescent anxiety.This article reviews and compares recent neuroimaging literature on anxiety-related brain structural and functional deficits between adolescent and adult populations,and proposes a model highlighting the differences between adolescence and adulthood in anxiety-related brain networks.This model emphasises that in adolescence the emotional control system tends to be hypoactivated,the fear conditioning system is immature,and the reward and stress response systems are hypersensitive.Furthermore,the striatum’s functional links to the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex are strengthened,while the link between the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala is weakened in adolescence.This model helps to explain why adolescents are vulnerable to anxiety disorders and provides insights into potential brain-based approaches to intervene in adolescent anxiety disorders. 展开更多
关键词 ADOLESCENT DISORDERS CORTEX
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Sleep problems, strengths and difficulties in elementary school children
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作者 Jamal Driouch Dirk Alfer +1 位作者 Leonie Fricke-Oerkermann Gerd Lehmkuhl 《Health》 2013年第8期87-94,共8页
Aim: To assess behavioral and sleep disturbances in childhood, it is necessary to implement standardized brief questionnaires for children and their parents. Especially complaints of insomnia often are underdiagnosed ... Aim: To assess behavioral and sleep disturbances in childhood, it is necessary to implement standardized brief questionnaires for children and their parents. Especially complaints of insomnia often are underdiagnosed in pediatric medicine. Methods: We developed a sleep questionnaire (K?SI-KJ) and used it together with German versions of the SDQ (parent and child reports) for epidemiologic studies in Cologne. The sleep questionnaire obtains 33 items for parents and 28 items for children. Ratings were dichotomized for this analysis in “sometimes/ often present” versus “not present”. The German versions of SDQ contain 5 subscales each with 5 items. Data from a sample of 1490 children of fourth grade in elementary schools inCologne(age ranged from 8 to 11 years) are shown. Results: Children indicate signs of sleep disturbances in higher frequency than their parents do. Concerning gender and ethnical group, there no significant differences can be shown. Children with signs of insomnia, dyssomnia, daytime sleepiness or restless sleep?showed significantly higher scores for all relevant SDQ subscales in parental and children's reports. Children with signs of parasomnia showed higher scores concerning emotional problems and the SDQ total score. Children with enuresis showed higher scores for all SDQ subscales and the total score. 展开更多
关键词 SLEEP Disorder BEHAVIORAL DISTURBANCE in CHILDHOOD Correlation SDQ and SLEEP DISTURBANCE
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Age-trends in Cognitive Function and Quality of Life: Sex Differences in a Community Population in Taiwan region,China
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作者 Shu-Yu Wu Yu-Chi Huang +1 位作者 Chi-Fa Hung Liang-Jen Wang 《International Journal of Mental Health Promotion》 2022年第6期989-998,共10页
Population aging has developed into a significant area of concern in developed countries, especially in relation to thepreservation of functional independence and the quality of life (QoL). However, information on the... Population aging has developed into a significant area of concern in developed countries, especially in relation to thepreservation of functional independence and the quality of life (QoL). However, information on the contribution ofsex differences in quality of life and cognitive function is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate potentialdifferences in cognitive function and QoL between males and females. For this study, we recruited 382 healthy subjectsaged 19–79 years from communities in Southern Taiwan region,China. Cognitive function and QoL were assessed using the UCSD Performance-based Skills Assessment, Brief Version (UPSA-B) and World Health Organization Quality ofLife Instruments (WHOQOL-BREF), respectively. The effects of sex, age groups, and interaction of sex and ageon the UPSA-B and WHOQOL-BREF scores were examined. We found that the financial and communicationdomains of the UPSA-B showed declining trends with age in both sexes, although these trends were more obviousin females than in males. In the domain of Physical Capacity, QoL showed an age-increased trend in males, whileQoL in the Environment domain showed an age-increased trend in females. Regarding the relationships betweencognitive function and QoL, we found that the financial skill and communication skill of UPSA-B was positivelycorrelated to the psychological well-being domain of WHOQOL-BREF, in males of age <40 years. In conclusion,our findings demonstrate differential relationships between cognitive function and QoL between males and females,which could serve as a basis for further study between cognitive function and quality of life in communities. 展开更多
关键词 PSYCHOMETRICS community age COGNITION quality of life daily function
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Clinical high-risk criteria of psychosis in 8–17-year-old community subjects and inpatients not suspected of developing psychosis
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作者 Frauke Schultze-Lutter Petra Walger +6 位作者 Maurizia Franscini Nina Traber-Walker Naweed Osman Helene Walger Benno G Schimmelmann Rahel Flückiger Chantal Michel 《World Journal of Psychiatry》 SCIE 2022年第3期425-449,共25页
BACKGROUND In children and adolescents compared to adults,clinical high-risk of psychosis(CHR)criteria and symptoms are more prevalent but less psychosis-predictive and less clinically relevant.Based on high rates of ... BACKGROUND In children and adolescents compared to adults,clinical high-risk of psychosis(CHR)criteria and symptoms are more prevalent but less psychosis-predictive and less clinically relevant.Based on high rates of non-converters to psychosis,especially in children and adolescents,it was suggested that CHR criteria were:(1)Pluripotential;(2)A transdiagnostic risk factor;and(3)Simply a severity marker of mental disorders rather than specifically psychosis-predictive.If any of these three alternative explanatory models were true,their prevalence should differ between persons with and without mental disorders,and their severity should be associated with functional impairment as a measure of severity.AIM To compare the prevalence and severity of CHR criteria/symptoms in children and adolescents of the community and inpatients.METHODS In the mainly cross-sectional examinations,8–17-year-old community subjects(n=233)randomly chosen from the population register of the Swiss Canton Bern,and inpatients(n=306)with primary diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(n=86),eating disorder(n=97),anxiety including obsessive–compulsive disorder(n=94),or autism spectrum disorder(n=29),not clinically suspected to develop psychosis,were examined for CHR symptoms/criteria.Positive items of the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes(SIPS)were used to assess the symptomatic ultra-high-risk criteria,and the Schizophrenia Proneness Instrument,Child and Youth version(SPI-CY)was used to assess the 14 basic symptoms relevant to basic symptom criteria.We examined group differences in frequency and severity of CHR symptoms/criteria usingχ^(2) tests and nonparametric tests with Cramer’s V and Rosenthal’s r as effect sizes,and their association with functioning using correlation analyses.RESULTS The 7.3%prevalence rate of CHR criteria in community subjects did not differ significantly from the 9.5%rate in inpatients.Frequency and severity of CHR criteria never differed between the community and the four inpatient groups,while the frequency and severity of CHR symptoms differed only minimally.Group differences were found in only four CHR symptoms:suspiciousness/persecutory ideas of the SIPS[χ2(4)=9.425;P=0.051,Cramer’s V=0.132;and Z=-4.281,P<0.001;Rosenthal’s r=0.184],and thought pressure[χ^(2)(4)=11.019;P=0.026,Cramer’s V=0.143;and Z=-2.639,P=0.008;Rosenthal’s r=0.114],derealization[χ2(4)=32.380;P<0.001,Cramer’s V=0.245;and Z=-3.924,P<0.001;Rosenthal’s r=0.169]and visual perception disturbances[χ^(2)(4)=10.652;P=0.031,Cramer’s V=0.141;and Z=-2.822,P=0.005;Rosenthal’s r=0.122]of the SPI-CY.These were consistent with a transdiagnostic risk factor or dimension,i.e.,displayed higher frequency and severity in inpatients,in particular in those with eating,anxiety/obsessive–compulsive and autism spectrum disorders.Low functioning,however,was at most weakly related to the severity of CHR criteria/symptoms,with the highest correlation yielded for suspiciousness/persecutory ideas(Kendall’s tau=-0.172,P<0.001).CONCLUSION The lack of systematic differences between inpatients and community subjects does not support suggestions that CHR criteria/symptoms are pluripotential or transdiagnostic syndromes,or merely markers of symptom severity. 展开更多
关键词 Psychotic disorders Risk assessment MINORS COMMUNITY INPATIENTS Psychosocial functioning
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Online Social Skills Group Training for Adolescents and Young Adults with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS)
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作者 Bronwyn Glaser Stephan Eliez +2 位作者 Hannah Cholemkery Christine M. Freitag Maude Schneider 《Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science》 2018年第3期126-145,共20页
Somatic, cognitive and psychiatric obstacles contribute to social impairment in 22q11.2DS and prevent adequate responses during interactions. We adapted the autism-specific SOSTA-FRA program for use during online grou... Somatic, cognitive and psychiatric obstacles contribute to social impairment in 22q11.2DS and prevent adequate responses during interactions. We adapted the autism-specific SOSTA-FRA program for use during online group sessions with geographically-isolated 22q11DS adolescents or adults. The 12 weekly sessions targeted communication, emotional awareness, and reciprocity. Twenty-two participants were evaluated on behaviour, social responsiveness, and cognition pre- and post-intervention. Parents completed a questionnaire to ascertain whether the intervention met their needs. Parents were satisfied with the format and curriculum contents and reported improved emotional awareness, well-being, and reciprocity post-intervention. Pre-post results suggest large effects on social awareness and small to medium effects on social motivation. Results indicate that online social skills training is feasible and effective for individuals with 22q11.2DS. 展开更多
关键词 GROUP SOCIAL 22q11.2 DELETION SYNDROME VCFS
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Cancer: Education and Primary Prevention Starts in Childhood and Adolescence
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作者 Nadja Seidel Friederike Stoelzel +6 位作者 Sandra Herrmann Cornelia Zimmermann Hendrik Berth Melanie Glausch Kristina Loewe Michael Baumann Gerhard Ehninger 《Journal of Cancer Therapy》 2016年第12期851-856,共7页
At least one third of all newly diagnosed cancers could be prevented if lifestyle factors were changed. The University Cancer Center Dresden initiated two programs aiming at cancer awareness and intentions to engage i... At least one third of all newly diagnosed cancers could be prevented if lifestyle factors were changed. The University Cancer Center Dresden initiated two programs aiming at cancer awareness and intentions to engage in health-promoting behavior among children and adolescents. Study 1 examined sun protection knowledge of 80 preschool children in a non-randomized design and Study 2 inspected 235 7th grade students’ knowledge of cancer and its behavioral risk-factors as well as intentions on health-promoting behavior using a randomized pre-post design on group-level. Study 1 showed significant improvement of sun protection knowledge in preschool children (p 0.05). Study 2 was effective in increasing knowledge about risk factors for cancer (p 0.001) and in increasing intentions to engage in health-promoting behavior (p 0.001). Communicating health-related behavior in preschools as well as school-based programs targeting multiple cancer-related risk factors are promising tools for primary prevention of cancer. 展开更多
关键词 Cancer Prevention Cancer Education Health Behavior School-Based Health Promotion LITERACY
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Effect of vaccinations and school restrictions on the spread of COVID-19 in different age groups in Germany
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作者 Christiane Dings Dominik Selzer +10 位作者 Nicola Luigi Bragazzi Eva Mohler Markus Wenning Thomas Gehrke Ulf Richter Alexandra Nonnenmacher Folke Brinkmann Tobias Rothoeft Michael Zemlin Thomas Lücke Thorsten Lehr 《Infectious Disease Modelling》 CSCD 2024年第4期1250-1264,共15页
With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2,various non-pharmaceutical interventions were adopted to control virus transmission,including school closures.Subsequently,the introduction of vaccines mitigated not only disease sever... With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2,various non-pharmaceutical interventions were adopted to control virus transmission,including school closures.Subsequently,the introduction of vaccines mitigated not only disease severity but also the spread of SARSCoV-2.This study leveraged an adapted SIR model and non-linear mixed-effects modeling to quantify the impact of remote learning,school holidays,the emergence of Variants of Concern(VOCs),and the role of vaccinations in controlling SARS-CoV-2 spread across 16 German federal states with an age-stratified approach.Findings highlight a significant inverse correlation(Spearman's ρ=0.92,p<0.001)between vaccination rates and peak incidence rates across all age groups.Model-parameter estimation using the observed number of cases stratified by federal state and age allowed to assess the effects of school closure and holidays,considering adjustments for vaccinations and spread of VOCs over time.Here,modeling revealed significant(p<0.001)differences in the virus's spread among pre-school children(0-4),children(5-11),adolescents(12-17),adults(18-59),and the elderly(60+).The transition to remote learning emerged as a critical measure in significantly reducing infection rates among children and adolescents(p<0.001),whereas an increased infection risk was noted among the elderly during these periods,suggesting a shift in infection networks due to altered caregiving roles.Conversely,during school holiday periods,infection rates among adolescents mirrored those observed when schools were open.Simulation exercises based on the model provided evidence that COVID-19 vaccinations might serve a dual purpose:they protect the vaccinated individuals and contribute to the broader community's safety. 展开更多
关键词 COVID-19 VACCINATION Non-pharmaceutical interventions Age Mathematical modeling
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Erratum to“The power of many brains:Catalyzing neuropsychiatric discovery through open neuroimaging data and large-scale collaboration”[Sci Bull 2024;69:1536-1555]
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作者 Bin Lu Xiao Chen +4 位作者 Francisco Xavier Castellanos Paul MThompson Xi-Nian Zuo Yu-Feng Zang Chao-Gan Yan 《Science Bulletin》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第17期2793-2793,共1页
The publisher regrets to note that reference citation errors have occurred in panels b,c,e-l in Fig 2 and the sentence“However,the literature reports both decreased and increased intra-network functional connections ... The publisher regrets to note that reference citation errors have occurred in panels b,c,e-l in Fig 2 and the sentence“However,the literature reports both decreased and increased intra-network functional connections among patients with depression[115,116].”The publisher would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.Fig.2.Principal neuroimaging findings in major depressive disorder.(a)Decreased intra-DMN FC is observed in recurrent MDD patients[35].(b)Eight-week antidepressant treatment reduce extensive large-scale functional networks[107].(c)Reduced global and local efficiency(Eglob/Eloc)are revealed in MDD patients[108].(d)Structural variations of the cortex and subcortical nuclei are found in ENIGMA-MDD studies[82].(e)Accelerated brain aging based on functional MRI is observed in MDD patients[114].(f)Accelerated brain aging based on structural MRI is observed in MDD patients[115].(g)Two subtypes of MDD can be identified through DMN FC[127].(h)A significant schizophrenia PRS by MDD interaction for rostral anterior cingulate cortex thickness is found in the UK Biobank dataset[215].(i)Stability of the four MDD subtypes based on FC[126].(j)The two subtypes of MDD exhibit distinct patterns of FC within and between SMS,DMN,and subcortical structures[130].(k)Performance of the functional connectivity-based classifiers across two multicenter datasets[135].(l)Salient brain regions that serve as important classification features for the graph convolutional network-based classifier[136].Brain-PAD:brain-predicted age difference;DAN:dorsal attention network;DMN:default mode network;FC:functional connectivity;FEDN:first-episode and drug-naïve;FPN:frontoparietal network;GCN:graph convolutional neural network;HC:healthy control;linear-SVM:linear support vector machine;MDD:major depressive disorder;mddrest:REST-meta-MDD dataset;NC:normal control;RACC:rostral anterior cingulate cortex;PRS:polygenic risk score;psymri:PsyMRI dataset;rbf-SVM:radial basis function support vector machine;SCN:subcortical network;SCZ:schizophrenia;SMN:sensorimotor network;SMS:sensory and motor systems;SubC:subcortical network;VAN:ventral attention network;VN:visual network. 展开更多
关键词 CORTEX network scale
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Deliberate self-harm among pediatric psychiatric inpatients in China:A single-center retrospective study
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作者 Xing-Zhi Jiang Huan-Huan Li +1 位作者 Zhen-Zhen Yu Chen Wang 《World Journal of Psychiatry》 SCIE 2024年第3期398-408,共11页
BACKGROUND For children and adolescents,deliberate self-harm(DSH)is becoming a mental health problem of concern.Despite several studies on the prevalence and factors of DSH in the world,there is little information on ... BACKGROUND For children and adolescents,deliberate self-harm(DSH)is becoming a mental health problem of concern.Despite several studies on the prevalence and factors of DSH in the world,there is little information on DSH among children and adolescents in China.This study explores the prevalence,types,associated risk factors and tendency of DSH in pediatric psychiatric inpatients in China.AIM To understand the situation of DSH among hospitalized children and adolescents and its related factors.METHODS In this study,we retrospectively studied 1414 hospitalized children and adolescents with mental illness at Xiamen Mental Health Center from 2014 to 2019,extracted the demographic and clinical data of all patients,and analyzed clinical risk factors of DSH.RESULTS A total of 239(16.90%)patients engaged in at least one type of DSH in our study.Cutting(n=115,48.12%)was the most common type of DSH.Females(n=171,71.55%)were more likely to engage in DSH than males(n=68,28.45%).DSH was positively associated with depressive disorders[OR=3.845(2.196-6.732);P<0.01],female[OR=2.536(1.815-3.542);P<0.01],parental marital status[OR=5.387(2.254-12.875);P<0.01]and negative family history of psychiatric illness[OR=7.767(2.952-20.433);P<0.01],but not with occupation,substance use and history of physical abuse.CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that for patients with depression,females,an abnormal marriage of parents,and no history of mental illness,attention should be paid to the occurrence of DSH. 展开更多
关键词 Deliberate self-harm CHILDREN ADOLESCENT Psychiatric inpatients Retrospective study
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Long-term follow-up of quality of life in high-risk patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation for symptomatic aortic valve stenosis 被引量:3
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作者 Marjo JAG De Ronde-Tillmans Tom AJ de Jager +7 位作者 Jeannette A Goudzwaard Nahid El Faquir Nicolas M van Mieghem Felix Zijlstra Elisabeth MWJ. Utens Francesco US Mattace-Raso MaRie J Lenzen Peter PT de Jaegere 《Journal of Geriatric Cardiology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第4期261-267,共7页
Background Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become the standard treatment for patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) considered at very high risk for surgical aortic valve replacem... Background Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become the standard treatment for patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) considered at very high risk for surgical aortic valve replacement. The purpose of this sub-study was to evaluate long-term (〉 4 years) health-related quality of life (QoL) in octogenarians who underwent TAVI. Methods A single center observational registry in twenty patients who underwent frame analysis assessment ≥ 4 years after TAVI. Health-related QoL was evaluated, using the Short Form-36 (SF-36), the EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) and the visual analogue score (EQ-VAS) questionnaires. Results The mean SF-36 subscale scores at follow-up were physical functioning 40.8 ± 26.3, role physical functioning 67.7 ± 34.9, vitality 54.6 ± 21.6, general health 52.1 ± 20.4, social functioning 63.8 ± 37.7, role emotional functioning 70.2 ± 36.0, mental health 73.2 ± 23.3 and bodily pain 80.9 ± 22.9. The mean EQ-VAS score 〉 4 years after TAVI was 64.7 ± 15.1. With respect to functional class, 80% of the patients were in NYHA class I/II at follow-up compared to 15% prior to TAVI. Conclusions This sub-study reports a significant improvement in functional class (NYHA) in a selected group of very elderly patients 〉 4 years after TAVI. Furthermore, all patients showed a satisfactory QoL despite their age and multiple comorbidities. In addition, our study reveals a lower QoL when compared with the general age matched Dutch population. 展开更多
关键词 OCTOGENARIANS Quality of life Transcatheter aortic valve implantation
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Mental health in the post-COVID-19 era:challenges and the way forward 被引量:4
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作者 Ramyadarshni Vadivel Sheikh Shoib +12 位作者 Sarah El Halabi Samer El Hayek LamiaàEssam Drita Gashi Bytyçi Ruta Karaliuniene Andre Luiz Schuh Teixeira Sachin Nagendrappa Rodrigo Ramalho Ramdas Ransing Victor Pereira-Sanchez Chonnakarn Jatchavala Frances Nkechi Adiukwu Ganesh Kudva Kundadak 《General Psychiatry》 CSCD 2021年第1期44-48,共5页
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a serious threat to global mental health.Multiple lines of evidence suggest that there is a varying yet considerable increase in mental health issues among the general population and vu... The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a serious threat to global mental health.Multiple lines of evidence suggest that there is a varying yet considerable increase in mental health issues among the general population and vulnerable groups.12 The aftermath is obscure and speculative from a social,economic,individual and public mental health perspective.Recently published studies support the existence of an emotional epidemic curve,describing a high probability of an increase in the burden of mental health issues in the post-pandemic era.34 Furthermore,previous major public health emergencies showed that more than half of the population devel-oped mental health problems and required mental health intervention.45 There is,therefore,an urgent need to reorganise existing mental health services to address the current unmet needs for mental health and to prepare for future challenges in the postpandemic era in terms of prevention and management. 展开更多
关键词 describing prevention CHALLENGES
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