Objective:This study explored the characteristics,causality,and suicidal behavior among family members with suicide history in Wonogiri,Central Java,Indonesia.Methods:Qualitative semistructured interviews were conduct...Objective:This study explored the characteristics,causality,and suicidal behavior among family members with suicide history in Wonogiri,Central Java,Indonesia.Methods:Qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 family members who had made suicide attempts.The interviews directly explored the relationships among characteristics,causality,and suicidal behavior.The research data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman approach.Results:The results indicate that there are relationships among characteristics,causality,and suicidal behaviors.The characteristics contributing to suicide attempts were male gender,age(adolescence and old age),lack of religious activities,introvert nature,low economic status,chronic diseases,unemployment,and a history of family members with suicide attempts.The causality of suicide was joblessness,economic crisis,unemployment,family conditions,personality disorder,depression,sickness,and suicide ideation.Conclusions:The findings highlight the relationships among characteristics,causality,and suicidal behaviors.Suicide occurs when individuals have some problems that they cannot solve because of the lack of family support.The causal factors were related to one another,which caused the suicidal behavior.One of the most effective suicide prevention strategies is educating the community on how to identify suicidal signs and increase social supports.展开更多
Objective:This study evaluates the community-based intervention of chronic disease management(CDM)through the Integrated Non-Communicable Diseases Health Post(Posbindu-NCD)conducted by a community of health workers(CH...Objective:This study evaluates the community-based intervention of chronic disease management(CDM)through the Integrated Non-Communicable Diseases Health Post(Posbindu-NCD)conducted by a community of health workers(CHWs)in Indonesia’s rural areas.Methods:A cohor t retrospective study evaluated 577 par ticipants from Posbindu-NCD in 7 public health centers(PHCs)in 2019.Activities of intervention of CDM for Posbindu-NCD was included,identified risk factors to NCDs,and provided counselling education and other follow-ups based on interviews and measurement results from the five Desk systems that recorded in a medical record as a form of the monthly activity report each the first month,the 6 months,and the 12th month.Results:There were statistically significant differences for alcohol consumed and diabetes mellites(χ^(2)=10.455;P=0.001).There were significant differences on gender(χ^(2)=3.963;P=0.047),on ethnicity(χ^(2)=19.873;P<0.001),and hypertension.In addition,there were also significant differences on ethnicity(χ^(2)=15.307;P<0.001),vegetable consumption(χ^(2)=4.435;P=0.035),physical exercise(χ^(2)=6.328;P=0.012),and the current diseases of hypercholesterolemia of par ticipants.Fur thermore,the survival rate among patients who have overweight,abdominal overweight,hyper tension,diabetes mellitus,and hypercholesterolemia increased among par ticipants who regularly visited Posbindu-NCD compared with the non-regularly one.Conclusions:The CDM program’s community-based intervention through Posbindu-NCD conducted by CHWs improved survival rates in Indonesia’s rural areas.Therefore,this program can be fur ther developed in conducting CDM in the community with the active involvement of CHWs so that the community becomes active regularly in par ticipating in Posbindu-NCD activities in rural areas of Indonesia.展开更多
Background:Nowdays,both of parents are working to fulfill their family needs and family financial.However,this condition effected separation of family that have a negative impact for children.Children can lose of a pr...Background:Nowdays,both of parents are working to fulfill their family needs and family financial.However,this condition effected separation of family that have a negative impact for children.Children can lose of a primary caregiver who can endanger the welfare of children.Purpose:To analyzed the relationship between family separation and nutritional status of under-five children aged in Panti District of Jember Regency.Methods:A cross-sectional design was conducted among 53 families using total sampling.A family background questionnaire was used to measure sociodemographics and separation of family.Among 53 families were 78.2%of separation with father,while 38.6%of children with a good nutrition status.Kruskal Wallis and One-Way Anova was performed to answer the objective of this study.Results:The result showed that,there were no correlation between length of separation with nutritional status(F=0.377;P-value=0,688).Meanwhile,distance of separation wascorrelated with nutritional status(c2=8.310;P-value=0,016).Conclusion:Parents need to improve relationships,communication and the distribution of proper autonomy in family.It can make the nutritional status and health level of the child becomes better.展开更多
Objective:Computed Tomography(CT)and Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)are commonly employed in pre-operative evaluation for cochlear implant surgery.However,with a decrease in the age of implantation,even minor radiatio...Objective:Computed Tomography(CT)and Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)are commonly employed in pre-operative evaluation for cochlear implant surgery.However,with a decrease in the age of implantation,even minor radiation exposure can cause detrimental effects on children over their lifetime.The current study compares different cochlear measurements from CT and MRI scans and evaluates the feasibility of using only an MRI scan for radiological evaluation before cochlear implantation.Methods:A longitudinal observational study was conducted on 94 ears/47 children,employing CT and MRI scans.The CT and MRI scan measurements include,A value,B value,Cochlear duct length(CDL),twoturn cochlear length,alpha and beta angles to look for cochlear orientation.Cochlear nerve diameter was measured using MRI.The values were compared.Results:The mean difference between measurements from CT and MRI scans for A value,B value,CDL,and two-turn cochlear length values was 0.567±0.413 mm,0.406±0.368 mm,2.365±1.675 mm,and 2.063±1.477 mm respectively without any significant difference.The alpha and beta angle measures were comparable,with no statistically significant difference.Conclusion:The study suggests that MRI scans can be the only radiological investigation needed with no radiation risk and reduces the cost of cochlear implant program in the paediatric population.There is no significant difference between the measurements obtained from CT and MRI scans.However,observed discrepancies in cochlear measurements across different populations require regionally or race-specific standardized values to ensure accurate diagnosis and precision in cochlear implant surgery.This aspect must be addressed to ensure positive outcomes for patients.展开更多
Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is a zoonotic hookworm infection of dogs and cats commonly found in low-income countries in the tropical and subtropical regions and travellers to these regions. It is caused by invasion ...Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is a zoonotic hookworm infection of dogs and cats commonly found in low-income countries in the tropical and subtropical regions and travellers to these regions. It is caused by invasion of the skin by the parasitic larvae of hookworms which, after entry, move under the skin causing an inflammatory reaction resulting in a single or multiple tracks. Patients commonly present with a progressive, itchy, erythematous serpiginous skin rash, affecting the feet, although it can affect any other parts of the body. The diagnosis is mainly clinical, based on history and physical examination. Treatment of this condition can effectively be achieved with either albendazole or ivermectin. We present a case of a 7-year-old boy who was diagnosed with CLM after presenting to the hospital with a history of a progressive itchy rash with tracks on the left foot. Although CLM is a self-limiting disease, it causes a lot of suffering and, therefore, it is of public concern. There is a need to increase awareness of this disease among health workers, and to implement and promote preventive measures against the disease since the cause is known.展开更多
Background: Little is known about the factors that may influence women's adherence to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) using longitudinal data. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlates o...Background: Little is known about the factors that may influence women's adherence to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) using longitudinal data. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlates of long-term physical activity(PA) participation among women.Methods: Female data from Waves I, III, and IV(n = 5381) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health(Add Health) were used for the analysis. The outcome of PA adherence was operationalized as(1) consistently physically active(at least 5 instances during the week)in both Waves III and IV(during adulthood), and(2) consistently not physically active or only physically active in either Wave III or IV. Predictor variables from Wave I(during adolescence) included race/ethnicity, PA level, self-perception of being physically fit, general health status, attempt to change weight, parents' income level, parents' education, well-being, depression, access to PA resources, days of physical education(PE), and grade level. Crude and adjusted logistic regression models were utilized to estimate the adjusted odds ratio(a OR) and 95% confidence interval(95%CI) for the outcome variable.Results: PA levels during adolescence significantly predicted PA adherence(a OR = 1.67, 95%CI: 1.35–2.05). Additionally, wanting to lose weight(a OR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.20–1.85), using fitness center in the neighborhood(a OR = 1.29, 95%CI: 1.05–1.58), and having 5 days of PE a week(a OR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.09–2.02) were significant predictors. Women who did not perceive being physically fit(a OR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.44–0.95)and Black, non-Hispanics(a OR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.44–0.82) were less likely to adhere to PA.Conclusion: The findings suggested that physically active adolescents were more likely to become active adults. Future research should address interventions(e.g., PE program, community resources) that may promote lifetime PA in women, with the goal of decreasing morbidity and mortality.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to identify the influence of predisposing,enabling,and reinforcing factors and the adherence to medication behavior among tuberculosis patients in Selogiri Wonogiri Public Health Center.Meth...Objective:This study aimed to identify the influence of predisposing,enabling,and reinforcing factors and the adherence to medication behavior among tuberculosis patients in Selogiri Wonogiri Public Health Center.Methods:This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional research design.A questionnaire was used to collect primary data.Secondary data were obtained from patient treatment cards(Form TB 01).This research was carried out at Selogiri Health Center from November to December 2017.The participants were patients,both new and old patients,who had completed their treatment in the last 2 months or more,recorded from January 2016 to December 2017.A total sampling technique was used in this study.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influence of predisposing,enabling,and reinforcing factors and the adherence to medication among tuberculosis patients.Results:The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that there were four independent variables that have a significant relationship with treatment variables,namely education(odds ratio(OR)=0.025;95%confidence interval(CI)=0.001-0.039);knowledge(OR=3.37;95%CI=0.19-57.71);type of drug(OR=0.448;95%CI=0.012-16.07),and means of transportation(OR=25.77;95%CI=1.33-500.47).Conclusions:Education,knowledge,type of drug,and means of transportation influence medication compliance among tuberculosis patients.Therefore,supporting patients during medication program of tuberculosis is needed to improve their adherence medication during multidrug therapy.展开更多
AIM: To determine the cut-off values of body mass index(BMI) and waist circumference to predict hypertension in adults in north India.METHODS: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in 801 subjects in K...AIM: To determine the cut-off values of body mass index(BMI) and waist circumference to predict hypertension in adults in north India.METHODS: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in 801 subjects in Kanpur, aged 20 years and above, using multistage stratified random sampling technique. A pre-tested structured question-naire was used to elicit the required information from the study participants and the diagnostic criteria for hypertension were taken according to the Seventh Joint National Committee Report on Hypertension(JNC-7). Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) analysis was used to estimate the cut-off values of BMI and waist circumference to predict hypertension.RESULTS: The ROC analysis revealed that BMI is a good predictor of hypertension for both men(area under the ROC curve 0.714) and women(area under the ROC curve 0.821). The cut-off values of BMI for predicting hypertension were identified as ≥ 24.5 kg/m2 in men and ≥ 24.9 kg/m2 in women. Similarly, the ROC analysis for waist circumference showed that it is a good predictor of hypertension both for men(area under the ROC curve 0.784) and women(area under the ROC curve 0.815). The cut-offs for waist circumference for predicting hypertension were estimated as ≥ 83 cm for men and ≥ 78 cm for women. Adults with high BMI or high waist circumference had a higher prevalence of hypertension, respectively.CONCLUSION: Simple anthropometric measurements such as BMI and waist circumference can be used for screening people at increased risk of hypertension in order to refer them for more careful and early diagnostic evaluation. Policies and programs are required for primary and secondary prevention of hypertension.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Understanding bystander reactions to an emergency is an important component of effective training. Four stages of bystander intervention (BI) have been previously described: noticing the situation as a pro...BACKGROUND: Understanding bystander reactions to an emergency is an important component of effective training. Four stages of bystander intervention (BI) have been previously described: noticing the situation as a problem, interpreting when it is appropriate to intervene, recognizing personal responsibility to intervene, and knowing how to intervene. Using virtual reality (VR) to simulate emergencies such as sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) can be used to study these stages. METHODS: In a secondary analysis of an observational cohort study, we analyzed bystander self-effi cacy for stages of BI before and after simulated SCA. Each subject participated in a singleplayer, immersive, VR SCA scenario. Subjects interacted with simulated bystanders through voice commands (“call 911”,“get an AED”). Actions taken in scenario, like performing CPR, were documented. Scenario BI actions were compared based on dichotomized comfort/discomfort. RESULTS: From June 2016 to June 2017, 119 subjects participated. Average age was 37±14 years, 44% were female and 46% reported CPR training within 2 years. During the scenario, 98%“noticed the event” and “interpreted it as a problem”, 78%“took responsibility”, and 54%“possessed the necessary skills”. Self-effi cacy increased from pre- to post-scenario: noticing the event increased from 80% to 96%;interpreting as a problem increased from 86% to 97%;taking responsibility increased from 56% to 93%;possessing necessary skills increased from 47% to 63%(P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Self-efficacy to respond to an SCA event increased pre- to post-scenario. Bystanders who reported feeling comfortable “taking responsibility to intervene” during an emergency were more likely to take action during a simulated emergency.展开更多
Background: Physical activity(PA) during pregnancy provides physical and psychological benefits for mother and child. U.S. guidelines recommend ≥30 min of moderate exercise for healthy pregnant women most days of the...Background: Physical activity(PA) during pregnancy provides physical and psychological benefits for mother and child. U.S. guidelines recommend ≥30 min of moderate exercise for healthy pregnant women most days of the week; however, most women do not meet these recommendations. Theory assists in identifying salient determinants of health behavior to guide health promotion interventions; however, the application of theory to examine PA among pregnant women has not been examined cohesively among multiple levels of influence(e.g.,intrapersonal, interpersonal, neighborhood/environmental, and organizational/political). Subsequently, this systematic review aims to identify and evaluate the use of health behavior theory in studies that examine PA during pregnancy.Methods: Articles published before July 2014 were obtained from Pub Med and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria applied were:(1) empiricallybased;(2) peer-reviewed;(3) measured factors related to PA;(4) comprised a pregnant sample; and(5) applied theory. Fourteen studies were included. Each study's application of theory and theoretical constructs were evaluated.Results: Various theories were utilized to explain and predict PA during pregnancy; yet, the majority of these studies only focused on intrapersonal level determinants. Five theoretical frameworks were applied across the studies—all but one at the intrapersonal level. Few determinants identified were from the interpersonal, neighborhood/environmental, or organizational/political levels.Conclusion: This systematic review synthesized the literature on theoretical constructs related to PA during pregnancy. Interpersonal, community,and societal levels remain understudied. Future research should employ theory-driven multi-level determinants of PA to reflect the interacting factors influencing PA during this critical period in the life course.展开更多
Objectives To assess the association of socioeconomic indicators with various chronic and acute illnesses and the utilization of public health care in a new town in Hong Kong, China. Methods Illness experience and soc...Objectives To assess the association of socioeconomic indicators with various chronic and acute illnesses and the utilization of public health care in a new town in Hong Kong, China. Methods Illness experience and socioeconomic and demographic data of 7570 residents from 2022 randomly selected households were collected through telephone interviews. The relationships between socioeconomic indicators and illnesses/choice of health care were explored using stepwise logistic regressions after adjusting for sex and age. Results Significant positive associations were noted between low household income and diabetes mellitus, any chronic illnesses among adults and flu among younger subjects; low educational level and accident-related illness among adults; being born in Chinese mainland and flu, any acute illness in adults. For the utilization of public health care, low household income was the most consistent risk factor. Conclusion This study did not demonstrate a unidirectional socioeconomic gradient in healt展开更多
Objective:To investigate the risk factors and protective measures of COVID-19 among policemen in an eastern state of India.Methods:This case-control study was conducted in Bihar,located in the eastern part of India.In...Objective:To investigate the risk factors and protective measures of COVID-19 among policemen in an eastern state of India.Methods:This case-control study was conducted in Bihar,located in the eastern part of India.In total,6 confirmed COVID-19 cases(the case group)and 11 negative contacts of these cases(the control group)of Bihar Military Police participated in the study.Results:All subjects were male with a median age of 51(range:23-60)years.Among these 6 confirmed cases,5 cases were asymptomatic.One third(33.3%)of the case group and the majority(90.9%)of the control group reported maintenance of physical distance of at least 1 meter with others all the time,which was significantly different(P=0.028).There was no other statistically significant difference between the case group and the control group.Conclusions:Physical distancing is the most effective public health measure to control contagious diseases like COVID-19,especially in the absence of an effective vaccine in police settings.展开更多
Objective： This article aimed to evaluate the effects of an educational intervention programme on improving peer educator （PE） knowledge in issues around growth and development and its risk behavior problems of ado...Objective： This article aimed to evaluate the effects of an educational intervention programme on improving peer educator （PE） knowledge in issues around growth and development and its risk behavior problems of adolescents in Indonesia. Methods： The study was conducted in 31 of PEs to evaluate their knowledge in adolescents. The PEs received health education and were assessed by individual work during the structured three-week programme. Data were collected before and after the training programme as pre- and post-tests. Results： The PE demonstrated significant improvements in their knowledge after attending the three-week structured training programme. The post-test scores had significant effects on the dimensions of PE knowledge scores. The PE become knowledgeable to maintain and monitor adolescents health issues around growth and development and its risk behavior problems of adolescents. Conclusions： The PE become knowledgeable to respond to the adolescent problems and readiness to become PE during puberty.展开更多
Objectives:Underweight remains a health problem among Indonesian children,and the incidence of overweight continuously increases.This study aims to determine factors associated with underweight and overweight in schoo...Objectives:Underweight remains a health problem among Indonesian children,and the incidence of overweight continuously increases.This study aims to determine factors associated with underweight and overweight in school-aged children in Indonesia.Methods:This study is a cross-sectional investigation on parents and children aged 6e13 years in elementary schools in Makassar,Indonesia.The participants included 877 children and their parents.Anthropometric data were obtained using standardized equipment,and sociodemographic and lifestyle data were determined using a questionnaire.The nutritional status of the children was assessed based on the child growth standard prescribed by the WHO.Results:The prevalence rates of underweight and overweight among the children were 14.5%and 20.4%,respectively.Underweight was more prevalent in boys.Factors such as mother's level of education,having an underweight father,and playing outdoors on weekends for more than 2 h were significantly associated with underweight children.By contrast,mothers with high levels of education,overweight parents,sleeping for less than 9 h,and playing outdoors on weekends for less than 1 h were significantly associated with overweight children.展开更多
Since most patients with ovarian cancer are in the advanced stage when they are prone to recurrence,it is difficult to detect and treat ovarian cancer.There are tumor serum markers in the ascites.Therefore,the study e...Since most patients with ovarian cancer are in the advanced stage when they are prone to recurrence,it is difficult to detect and treat ovarian cancer.There are tumor serum markers in the ascites.Therefore,the study explored the correlation between the serum marker levels of the ascites and chemotherapy sensitivity in patients with ovarian malignant tumors.First,50 patients with nested cancer were selected as research subjects and received treatment,and then immediately 200 mg carboplatin+100 mL normal saline was placed in the abdominal cavity of all patients,which was equivalent to an intraperitoneal chemotherapy.Carboplatin+docetaxel combined with intravenous chemotherapy was started 3 weeks after surgery,and chemotherapy was given every 3 weeks for a total of 5 to 6 courses.The serum levels of CA125,CA199,CEA and AFP in peripheral blood and peripheral blood were determined by ELISA.The results showed that the levels of CA125,CA199,CEA and AFP in serum and ascites after chemotherapy were lower than before chemotherapy(P<0.05).The short-term effective rate of 50 ovarian cancer patients(8 CR,28 PR,12 SD,2 PD)was 72.00%.Therefore,patients with ovarian malignant tumors had a good short-term curative effect after chemotherapy,which can reduce the ascites and serum levels of CA125,CA199,CEA,AFP for clinical reference value dual-mode MRI nanoparticle-mediated photothermal therapy showed good application potential in tumor treatment and diagnosis.展开更多
Background and aims:Associate degree nursing students as future nurses must have the competency to perform IMCI(Integrated Management of Childhood Illness)which can be achieved by incorporating IMCI learning during th...Background and aims:Associate degree nursing students as future nurses must have the competency to perform IMCI(Integrated Management of Childhood Illness)which can be achieved by incorporating IMCI learning during the college study.Currently the IMCI learning for associate degree in nursing program in Aceh is still conducted conventionally which takes two meetings of a hundred minutes with IMCI chart as the only taught material.Some of the students obtain IMCI practical study experience at public health centers while others do not have any experience.Thus,there needs to be a model of IMCI learning integration into a course,and that is pediatrics nursing course.Therefore,the aimed this study was to identify the model of IMCI learning integration into the pediatrics nursing course.Methods:The design of the research is the randomized pretest-posttest control group design.For the quantitative study was 74 people(37 in the control group and 74 in the intervention group).The intervention in this study is learn of IMCI with study guided method used module.Results:The IMCI knowledge,procedural knowledge,attitude and practice scores were higher after IMCI learning by study guide method compared to IMCI learning by conventional method using IMCI chart.The higher the IMCI knowledge score,the higher the IMCI practice score.Conclusions:IMCI learning by the method of study guide using module has significant influence towards the increase of IMCI knowledge,procedural knowledge,attitude,and practice scores.Active learning program needs to be designed for students to assist their studying and achieve the learning objectives independently.展开更多
Marathon running is a strenuous activity that placesstress on the gastrointestinal system.[1] In fact, 30% to81% of runners report gastrointestinal complaints, whichinclude bloating, abdominal cramps, rectal incontine...Marathon running is a strenuous activity that placesstress on the gastrointestinal system.[1] In fact, 30% to81% of runners report gastrointestinal complaints, whichinclude bloating, abdominal cramps, rectal incontinence,and gastrointestinal bleeding.展开更多
Background and aims:Indonesian government is regulating a family planning program to restricted fertility among reproductive aged.However,participated of married male for using contraceptive is very lowest in Indonesi...Background and aims:Indonesian government is regulating a family planning program to restricted fertility among reproductive aged.However,participated of married male for using contraceptive is very lowest in Indonesia.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 168 of married male(84 of condom method and 84 of vasectomy method)from April to August 2019 in Jember regency of East Java,Indonesia using purposive sampling method.A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure sociodemographic and contraceptive method of participants.Chi square test was performed to analyze the differences of characteristic of contraceptive method of condom and vasectomy among married male(P<0.05).Results:There were a significant differenced ethnic(χ^2=7.664,P-value=0.006)and access of information(χ^2=8.111,P-value=0.044)between condom and vasectomy method among married male.Conclusion:Characteristics of ethnic and access information are related with contraceptive method choosing for using condom and vasectomy among married male in Indonesia.Therefore,accessibility of contraceptive method through health education should be implemented for married male in Indonesia setting regarding their social and cultural context.展开更多
Personality change is among criteria for the diagnosis of dementia. We examine first whether personality changes are related to severity of cognitive impairment in a linear or an inverted-U fashion in 1132 demented ol...Personality change is among criteria for the diagnosis of dementia. We examine first whether personality changes are related to severity of cognitive impairment in a linear or an inverted-U fashion in 1132 demented older people from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA) and 921 unimpaired older people. The proportion with reported change was larger for all measures in the demented group than in the cognitively unimpaired group, and was more consistent with a linear increase in personality change with increasing cognitive impairment than with an inverted-U relationship, as seen in only one variable. In our second (longitudinal) study, we evaluate which aspects of personality change most in dementia;changes in mood and an exaggeration of existing traits were the variables most closely related to the development of dementia.展开更多
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne parasitic disease affecting millions of people worldwide.However,in the last decade,the number of cases has been reduced from well-documented endemic parts,but sporadic cases have been ...Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne parasitic disease affecting millions of people worldwide.However,in the last decade,the number of cases has been reduced from well-documented endemic parts,but sporadic cases have been reported widely from various non-endemic areas,especially from the southern Himalayan zone.This raises concerns about the emergence of new ecological niches.This warrants a critical evaluation of key factors causing this rapid spread and possibly indigenous transmission.This mini-review article is aimed to briefly address the parasite,the vector,and the environmental aspects in the transmission of leishmaniasis in these new foci against a background of worldwide endemic leishmaniasis with a special focus on the southern Himalayan zone.As the lack of knowledge about the causative parasites,vectors,reservoir hosts,atypical presentations,and their management make the problem serious and may lead to the emergence of public health issues.The present works also reviewed the existing information regarding clinical variations,diagnostic methods,treatment,its outcome,and ignite for further research in these aspects of the disease.展开更多
文摘Objective:This study explored the characteristics,causality,and suicidal behavior among family members with suicide history in Wonogiri,Central Java,Indonesia.Methods:Qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 family members who had made suicide attempts.The interviews directly explored the relationships among characteristics,causality,and suicidal behavior.The research data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman approach.Results:The results indicate that there are relationships among characteristics,causality,and suicidal behaviors.The characteristics contributing to suicide attempts were male gender,age(adolescence and old age),lack of religious activities,introvert nature,low economic status,chronic diseases,unemployment,and a history of family members with suicide attempts.The causality of suicide was joblessness,economic crisis,unemployment,family conditions,personality disorder,depression,sickness,and suicide ideation.Conclusions:The findings highlight the relationships among characteristics,causality,and suicidal behaviors.Suicide occurs when individuals have some problems that they cannot solve because of the lack of family support.The causal factors were related to one another,which caused the suicidal behavior.One of the most effective suicide prevention strategies is educating the community on how to identify suicidal signs and increase social supports.
基金supported by the University of Jember for funding IDB grand research No.2589/UN25.3.1/LT/2020。
文摘Objective:This study evaluates the community-based intervention of chronic disease management(CDM)through the Integrated Non-Communicable Diseases Health Post(Posbindu-NCD)conducted by a community of health workers(CHWs)in Indonesia’s rural areas.Methods:A cohor t retrospective study evaluated 577 par ticipants from Posbindu-NCD in 7 public health centers(PHCs)in 2019.Activities of intervention of CDM for Posbindu-NCD was included,identified risk factors to NCDs,and provided counselling education and other follow-ups based on interviews and measurement results from the five Desk systems that recorded in a medical record as a form of the monthly activity report each the first month,the 6 months,and the 12th month.Results:There were statistically significant differences for alcohol consumed and diabetes mellites(χ^(2)=10.455;P=0.001).There were significant differences on gender(χ^(2)=3.963;P=0.047),on ethnicity(χ^(2)=19.873;P<0.001),and hypertension.In addition,there were also significant differences on ethnicity(χ^(2)=15.307;P<0.001),vegetable consumption(χ^(2)=4.435;P=0.035),physical exercise(χ^(2)=6.328;P=0.012),and the current diseases of hypercholesterolemia of par ticipants.Fur thermore,the survival rate among patients who have overweight,abdominal overweight,hyper tension,diabetes mellitus,and hypercholesterolemia increased among par ticipants who regularly visited Posbindu-NCD compared with the non-regularly one.Conclusions:The CDM program’s community-based intervention through Posbindu-NCD conducted by CHWs improved survival rates in Indonesia’s rural areas.Therefore,this program can be fur ther developed in conducting CDM in the community with the active involvement of CHWs so that the community becomes active regularly in par ticipating in Posbindu-NCD activities in rural areas of Indonesia.
文摘Background:Nowdays,both of parents are working to fulfill their family needs and family financial.However,this condition effected separation of family that have a negative impact for children.Children can lose of a primary caregiver who can endanger the welfare of children.Purpose:To analyzed the relationship between family separation and nutritional status of under-five children aged in Panti District of Jember Regency.Methods:A cross-sectional design was conducted among 53 families using total sampling.A family background questionnaire was used to measure sociodemographics and separation of family.Among 53 families were 78.2%of separation with father,while 38.6%of children with a good nutrition status.Kruskal Wallis and One-Way Anova was performed to answer the objective of this study.Results:The result showed that,there were no correlation between length of separation with nutritional status(F=0.377;P-value=0,688).Meanwhile,distance of separation wascorrelated with nutritional status(c2=8.310;P-value=0,016).Conclusion:Parents need to improve relationships,communication and the distribution of proper autonomy in family.It can make the nutritional status and health level of the child becomes better.
文摘Objective:Computed Tomography(CT)and Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)are commonly employed in pre-operative evaluation for cochlear implant surgery.However,with a decrease in the age of implantation,even minor radiation exposure can cause detrimental effects on children over their lifetime.The current study compares different cochlear measurements from CT and MRI scans and evaluates the feasibility of using only an MRI scan for radiological evaluation before cochlear implantation.Methods:A longitudinal observational study was conducted on 94 ears/47 children,employing CT and MRI scans.The CT and MRI scan measurements include,A value,B value,Cochlear duct length(CDL),twoturn cochlear length,alpha and beta angles to look for cochlear orientation.Cochlear nerve diameter was measured using MRI.The values were compared.Results:The mean difference between measurements from CT and MRI scans for A value,B value,CDL,and two-turn cochlear length values was 0.567±0.413 mm,0.406±0.368 mm,2.365±1.675 mm,and 2.063±1.477 mm respectively without any significant difference.The alpha and beta angle measures were comparable,with no statistically significant difference.Conclusion:The study suggests that MRI scans can be the only radiological investigation needed with no radiation risk and reduces the cost of cochlear implant program in the paediatric population.There is no significant difference between the measurements obtained from CT and MRI scans.However,observed discrepancies in cochlear measurements across different populations require regionally or race-specific standardized values to ensure accurate diagnosis and precision in cochlear implant surgery.This aspect must be addressed to ensure positive outcomes for patients.
文摘Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is a zoonotic hookworm infection of dogs and cats commonly found in low-income countries in the tropical and subtropical regions and travellers to these regions. It is caused by invasion of the skin by the parasitic larvae of hookworms which, after entry, move under the skin causing an inflammatory reaction resulting in a single or multiple tracks. Patients commonly present with a progressive, itchy, erythematous serpiginous skin rash, affecting the feet, although it can affect any other parts of the body. The diagnosis is mainly clinical, based on history and physical examination. Treatment of this condition can effectively be achieved with either albendazole or ivermectin. We present a case of a 7-year-old boy who was diagnosed with CLM after presenting to the hospital with a history of a progressive itchy rash with tracks on the left foot. Although CLM is a self-limiting disease, it causes a lot of suffering and, therefore, it is of public concern. There is a need to increase awareness of this disease among health workers, and to implement and promote preventive measures against the disease since the cause is known.
基金funded by Grant P01-HD31921 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,with cooperative funding from 23 other federal agencies and foundations
文摘Background: Little is known about the factors that may influence women's adherence to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) using longitudinal data. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlates of long-term physical activity(PA) participation among women.Methods: Female data from Waves I, III, and IV(n = 5381) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health(Add Health) were used for the analysis. The outcome of PA adherence was operationalized as(1) consistently physically active(at least 5 instances during the week)in both Waves III and IV(during adulthood), and(2) consistently not physically active or only physically active in either Wave III or IV. Predictor variables from Wave I(during adolescence) included race/ethnicity, PA level, self-perception of being physically fit, general health status, attempt to change weight, parents' income level, parents' education, well-being, depression, access to PA resources, days of physical education(PE), and grade level. Crude and adjusted logistic regression models were utilized to estimate the adjusted odds ratio(a OR) and 95% confidence interval(95%CI) for the outcome variable.Results: PA levels during adolescence significantly predicted PA adherence(a OR = 1.67, 95%CI: 1.35–2.05). Additionally, wanting to lose weight(a OR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.20–1.85), using fitness center in the neighborhood(a OR = 1.29, 95%CI: 1.05–1.58), and having 5 days of PE a week(a OR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.09–2.02) were significant predictors. Women who did not perceive being physically fit(a OR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.44–0.95)and Black, non-Hispanics(a OR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.44–0.82) were less likely to adhere to PA.Conclusion: The findings suggested that physically active adolescents were more likely to become active adults. Future research should address interventions(e.g., PE program, community resources) that may promote lifetime PA in women, with the goal of decreasing morbidity and mortality.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to identify the influence of predisposing,enabling,and reinforcing factors and the adherence to medication behavior among tuberculosis patients in Selogiri Wonogiri Public Health Center.Methods:This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional research design.A questionnaire was used to collect primary data.Secondary data were obtained from patient treatment cards(Form TB 01).This research was carried out at Selogiri Health Center from November to December 2017.The participants were patients,both new and old patients,who had completed their treatment in the last 2 months or more,recorded from January 2016 to December 2017.A total sampling technique was used in this study.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influence of predisposing,enabling,and reinforcing factors and the adherence to medication among tuberculosis patients.Results:The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that there were four independent variables that have a significant relationship with treatment variables,namely education(odds ratio(OR)=0.025;95%confidence interval(CI)=0.001-0.039);knowledge(OR=3.37;95%CI=0.19-57.71);type of drug(OR=0.448;95%CI=0.012-16.07),and means of transportation(OR=25.77;95%CI=1.33-500.47).Conclusions:Education,knowledge,type of drug,and means of transportation influence medication compliance among tuberculosis patients.Therefore,supporting patients during medication program of tuberculosis is needed to improve their adherence medication during multidrug therapy.
文摘AIM: To determine the cut-off values of body mass index(BMI) and waist circumference to predict hypertension in adults in north India.METHODS: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in 801 subjects in Kanpur, aged 20 years and above, using multistage stratified random sampling technique. A pre-tested structured question-naire was used to elicit the required information from the study participants and the diagnostic criteria for hypertension were taken according to the Seventh Joint National Committee Report on Hypertension(JNC-7). Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) analysis was used to estimate the cut-off values of BMI and waist circumference to predict hypertension.RESULTS: The ROC analysis revealed that BMI is a good predictor of hypertension for both men(area under the ROC curve 0.714) and women(area under the ROC curve 0.821). The cut-off values of BMI for predicting hypertension were identified as ≥ 24.5 kg/m2 in men and ≥ 24.9 kg/m2 in women. Similarly, the ROC analysis for waist circumference showed that it is a good predictor of hypertension both for men(area under the ROC curve 0.784) and women(area under the ROC curve 0.815). The cut-offs for waist circumference for predicting hypertension were estimated as ≥ 83 cm for men and ≥ 78 cm for women. Adults with high BMI or high waist circumference had a higher prevalence of hypertension, respectively.CONCLUSION: Simple anthropometric measurements such as BMI and waist circumference can be used for screening people at increased risk of hypertension in order to refer them for more careful and early diagnostic evaluation. Policies and programs are required for primary and secondary prevention of hypertension.
基金supported by the Medtronic Foundationthe Laerdal Foundation
文摘BACKGROUND: Understanding bystander reactions to an emergency is an important component of effective training. Four stages of bystander intervention (BI) have been previously described: noticing the situation as a problem, interpreting when it is appropriate to intervene, recognizing personal responsibility to intervene, and knowing how to intervene. Using virtual reality (VR) to simulate emergencies such as sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) can be used to study these stages. METHODS: In a secondary analysis of an observational cohort study, we analyzed bystander self-effi cacy for stages of BI before and after simulated SCA. Each subject participated in a singleplayer, immersive, VR SCA scenario. Subjects interacted with simulated bystanders through voice commands (“call 911”,“get an AED”). Actions taken in scenario, like performing CPR, were documented. Scenario BI actions were compared based on dichotomized comfort/discomfort. RESULTS: From June 2016 to June 2017, 119 subjects participated. Average age was 37±14 years, 44% were female and 46% reported CPR training within 2 years. During the scenario, 98%“noticed the event” and “interpreted it as a problem”, 78%“took responsibility”, and 54%“possessed the necessary skills”. Self-effi cacy increased from pre- to post-scenario: noticing the event increased from 80% to 96%;interpreting as a problem increased from 86% to 97%;taking responsibility increased from 56% to 93%;possessing necessary skills increased from 47% to 63%(P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Self-efficacy to respond to an SCA event increased pre- to post-scenario. Bystanders who reported feeling comfortable “taking responsibility to intervene” during an emergency were more likely to take action during a simulated emergency.
文摘Background: Physical activity(PA) during pregnancy provides physical and psychological benefits for mother and child. U.S. guidelines recommend ≥30 min of moderate exercise for healthy pregnant women most days of the week; however, most women do not meet these recommendations. Theory assists in identifying salient determinants of health behavior to guide health promotion interventions; however, the application of theory to examine PA among pregnant women has not been examined cohesively among multiple levels of influence(e.g.,intrapersonal, interpersonal, neighborhood/environmental, and organizational/political). Subsequently, this systematic review aims to identify and evaluate the use of health behavior theory in studies that examine PA during pregnancy.Methods: Articles published before July 2014 were obtained from Pub Med and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria applied were:(1) empiricallybased;(2) peer-reviewed;(3) measured factors related to PA;(4) comprised a pregnant sample; and(5) applied theory. Fourteen studies were included. Each study's application of theory and theoretical constructs were evaluated.Results: Various theories were utilized to explain and predict PA during pregnancy; yet, the majority of these studies only focused on intrapersonal level determinants. Five theoretical frameworks were applied across the studies—all but one at the intrapersonal level. Few determinants identified were from the interpersonal, neighborhood/environmental, or organizational/political levels.Conclusion: This systematic review synthesized the literature on theoretical constructs related to PA during pregnancy. Interpersonal, community,and societal levels remain understudied. Future research should employ theory-driven multi-level determinants of PA to reflect the interacting factors influencing PA during this critical period in the life course.
基金This study was support by a grant from the Social Service Committee of the Tai Po District Board.
文摘Objectives To assess the association of socioeconomic indicators with various chronic and acute illnesses and the utilization of public health care in a new town in Hong Kong, China. Methods Illness experience and socioeconomic and demographic data of 7570 residents from 2022 randomly selected households were collected through telephone interviews. The relationships between socioeconomic indicators and illnesses/choice of health care were explored using stepwise logistic regressions after adjusting for sex and age. Results Significant positive associations were noted between low household income and diabetes mellitus, any chronic illnesses among adults and flu among younger subjects; low educational level and accident-related illness among adults; being born in Chinese mainland and flu, any acute illness in adults. For the utilization of public health care, low household income was the most consistent risk factor. Conclusion This study did not demonstrate a unidirectional socioeconomic gradient in healt
文摘Objective:To investigate the risk factors and protective measures of COVID-19 among policemen in an eastern state of India.Methods:This case-control study was conducted in Bihar,located in the eastern part of India.In total,6 confirmed COVID-19 cases(the case group)and 11 negative contacts of these cases(the control group)of Bihar Military Police participated in the study.Results:All subjects were male with a median age of 51(range:23-60)years.Among these 6 confirmed cases,5 cases were asymptomatic.One third(33.3%)of the case group and the majority(90.9%)of the control group reported maintenance of physical distance of at least 1 meter with others all the time,which was significantly different(P=0.028).There was no other statistically significant difference between the case group and the control group.Conclusions:Physical distancing is the most effective public health measure to control contagious diseases like COVID-19,especially in the absence of an effective vaccine in police settings.
基金supported by the Ministry of Research,Technology,and Higher Education(Kementerian Riset,Teknologi,dan Pendidikan Tinggi/KEMENRISTEK-DIKTI)at the expense of Hibah Bersaing Research 2016
文摘Objective： This article aimed to evaluate the effects of an educational intervention programme on improving peer educator （PE） knowledge in issues around growth and development and its risk behavior problems of adolescents in Indonesia. Methods： The study was conducted in 31 of PEs to evaluate their knowledge in adolescents. The PEs received health education and were assessed by individual work during the structured three-week programme. Data were collected before and after the training programme as pre- and post-tests. Results： The PE demonstrated significant improvements in their knowledge after attending the three-week structured training programme. The post-test scores had significant effects on the dimensions of PE knowledge scores. The PE become knowledgeable to maintain and monitor adolescents health issues around growth and development and its risk behavior problems of adolescents. Conclusions： The PE become knowledgeable to respond to the adolescent problems and readiness to become PE during puberty.
文摘Objectives:Underweight remains a health problem among Indonesian children,and the incidence of overweight continuously increases.This study aims to determine factors associated with underweight and overweight in school-aged children in Indonesia.Methods:This study is a cross-sectional investigation on parents and children aged 6e13 years in elementary schools in Makassar,Indonesia.The participants included 877 children and their parents.Anthropometric data were obtained using standardized equipment,and sociodemographic and lifestyle data were determined using a questionnaire.The nutritional status of the children was assessed based on the child growth standard prescribed by the WHO.Results:The prevalence rates of underweight and overweight among the children were 14.5%and 20.4%,respectively.Underweight was more prevalent in boys.Factors such as mother's level of education,having an underweight father,and playing outdoors on weekends for more than 2 h were significantly associated with underweight children.By contrast,mothers with high levels of education,overweight parents,sleeping for less than 9 h,and playing outdoors on weekends for less than 1 h were significantly associated with overweight children.
文摘Since most patients with ovarian cancer are in the advanced stage when they are prone to recurrence,it is difficult to detect and treat ovarian cancer.There are tumor serum markers in the ascites.Therefore,the study explored the correlation between the serum marker levels of the ascites and chemotherapy sensitivity in patients with ovarian malignant tumors.First,50 patients with nested cancer were selected as research subjects and received treatment,and then immediately 200 mg carboplatin+100 mL normal saline was placed in the abdominal cavity of all patients,which was equivalent to an intraperitoneal chemotherapy.Carboplatin+docetaxel combined with intravenous chemotherapy was started 3 weeks after surgery,and chemotherapy was given every 3 weeks for a total of 5 to 6 courses.The serum levels of CA125,CA199,CEA and AFP in peripheral blood and peripheral blood were determined by ELISA.The results showed that the levels of CA125,CA199,CEA and AFP in serum and ascites after chemotherapy were lower than before chemotherapy(P<0.05).The short-term effective rate of 50 ovarian cancer patients(8 CR,28 PR,12 SD,2 PD)was 72.00%.Therefore,patients with ovarian malignant tumors had a good short-term curative effect after chemotherapy,which can reduce the ascites and serum levels of CA125,CA199,CEA,AFP for clinical reference value dual-mode MRI nanoparticle-mediated photothermal therapy showed good application potential in tumor treatment and diagnosis.
文摘Background and aims:Associate degree nursing students as future nurses must have the competency to perform IMCI(Integrated Management of Childhood Illness)which can be achieved by incorporating IMCI learning during the college study.Currently the IMCI learning for associate degree in nursing program in Aceh is still conducted conventionally which takes two meetings of a hundred minutes with IMCI chart as the only taught material.Some of the students obtain IMCI practical study experience at public health centers while others do not have any experience.Thus,there needs to be a model of IMCI learning integration into a course,and that is pediatrics nursing course.Therefore,the aimed this study was to identify the model of IMCI learning integration into the pediatrics nursing course.Methods:The design of the research is the randomized pretest-posttest control group design.For the quantitative study was 74 people(37 in the control group and 74 in the intervention group).The intervention in this study is learn of IMCI with study guided method used module.Results:The IMCI knowledge,procedural knowledge,attitude and practice scores were higher after IMCI learning by study guide method compared to IMCI learning by conventional method using IMCI chart.The higher the IMCI knowledge score,the higher the IMCI practice score.Conclusions:IMCI learning by the method of study guide using module has significant influence towards the increase of IMCI knowledge,procedural knowledge,attitude,and practice scores.Active learning program needs to be designed for students to assist their studying and achieve the learning objectives independently.
文摘Marathon running is a strenuous activity that placesstress on the gastrointestinal system.[1] In fact, 30% to81% of runners report gastrointestinal complaints, whichinclude bloating, abdominal cramps, rectal incontinence,and gastrointestinal bleeding.
文摘Background and aims:Indonesian government is regulating a family planning program to restricted fertility among reproductive aged.However,participated of married male for using contraceptive is very lowest in Indonesia.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 168 of married male(84 of condom method and 84 of vasectomy method)from April to August 2019 in Jember regency of East Java,Indonesia using purposive sampling method.A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure sociodemographic and contraceptive method of participants.Chi square test was performed to analyze the differences of characteristic of contraceptive method of condom and vasectomy among married male(P<0.05).Results:There were a significant differenced ethnic(χ^2=7.664,P-value=0.006)and access of information(χ^2=8.111,P-value=0.044)between condom and vasectomy method among married male.Conclusion:Characteristics of ethnic and access information are related with contraceptive method choosing for using condom and vasectomy among married male in Indonesia.Therefore,accessibility of contraceptive method through health education should be implemented for married male in Indonesia setting regarding their social and cultural context.
基金Seniors’ Independence Research Program, through Health Canada’s NHRDPMedical Research Council+4 种基金Pfizer Canada Inc. through the MRC/PMAC, NHRDPB.C. Health Research FoundationCIHRMerck-FrosstJansen-Ortho
文摘Personality change is among criteria for the diagnosis of dementia. We examine first whether personality changes are related to severity of cognitive impairment in a linear or an inverted-U fashion in 1132 demented older people from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA) and 921 unimpaired older people. The proportion with reported change was larger for all measures in the demented group than in the cognitively unimpaired group, and was more consistent with a linear increase in personality change with increasing cognitive impairment than with an inverted-U relationship, as seen in only one variable. In our second (longitudinal) study, we evaluate which aspects of personality change most in dementia;changes in mood and an exaggeration of existing traits were the variables most closely related to the development of dementia.
文摘Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne parasitic disease affecting millions of people worldwide.However,in the last decade,the number of cases has been reduced from well-documented endemic parts,but sporadic cases have been reported widely from various non-endemic areas,especially from the southern Himalayan zone.This raises concerns about the emergence of new ecological niches.This warrants a critical evaluation of key factors causing this rapid spread and possibly indigenous transmission.This mini-review article is aimed to briefly address the parasite,the vector,and the environmental aspects in the transmission of leishmaniasis in these new foci against a background of worldwide endemic leishmaniasis with a special focus on the southern Himalayan zone.As the lack of knowledge about the causative parasites,vectors,reservoir hosts,atypical presentations,and their management make the problem serious and may lead to the emergence of public health issues.The present works also reviewed the existing information regarding clinical variations,diagnostic methods,treatment,its outcome,and ignite for further research in these aspects of the disease.
