In the very beginning,the Computer Laboratory of the University of Cambridge was founded to provide computing service for different disciplines across the university.As computer science developed as a discipline in it...In the very beginning,the Computer Laboratory of the University of Cambridge was founded to provide computing service for different disciplines across the university.As computer science developed as a discipline in its own right,boundaries necessarily arose between it and other disciplines,in a way that is now often detrimental to progress.Therefore,it is necessary to reinvigorate the relationship between computer science and other academic disciplines and celebrate exploration and creativity in research.To do this,the structures of the academic department have to act as supporting scaffolding rather than barriers.Some examples are given that show the efforts being made at the University of Cambridge to approach this problem.展开更多
At the panel session of the 3rd Global Forum on the Development of Computer Science,attendees had an opportunity to deliberate recent issues affecting computer science departments as a result of the recent growth in t...At the panel session of the 3rd Global Forum on the Development of Computer Science,attendees had an opportunity to deliberate recent issues affecting computer science departments as a result of the recent growth in the field.6 heads of university computer science departments participated in the discussions,including the moderator,Professor Andrew Yao.The first issue was how universities are managing the growing number of applicants in addition to swelling class sizes.Several approaches were suggested,including increasing faculty hiring,implementing scalable teaching tools,and working closer with other departments through degree programs that integrate computer science with other fields.The second issue was about the position and role of computer science within broader science.Participants generally agreed that all fields are increasingly relying on computer science techniques,and that effectively disseminating these techniques to others is a key to unlocking broader scientific progress.展开更多
Electric vehicles use electric motors, which turn electrical energy into mechanical energy. As electric motors are conventionally used in all the industry, it is an established development site. It’s a mature technol...Electric vehicles use electric motors, which turn electrical energy into mechanical energy. As electric motors are conventionally used in all the industry, it is an established development site. It’s a mature technology with ideal power and torque curves for vehicular operation. Conventional vehicles use oil and gas as fuel or energy storage. Although they also have an excellent economic impact, the continuous use of oil and gas threatened the world’s reservation of total oil and gas. Also, they emit carbon dioxide and some toxic ingredients through the vehicle’s tailpipe, which causes the greenhouse effect and seriously impacts the environment. So, as an alternative, electric car refers to a green technology of decarbonization with zero emission of greenhouse gases through the tailpipe. So, they can remove the problem of greenhouse gas emissions and solve the world’s remaining non-renewable energy storage problem. Pure electric vehicles (PEV) can be applied in all spheres, but their special implementation can only be seen in downhole operations. They are used for low noise and less pollution in the downhole process. In this study, the basic structure of the pure electric command vehicle is studied, the main components of the command vehicle power system, namely the selection of the drive motor and the power battery, are analyzed, and the main parameters of the drive motor and the power battery are designed and calculated. The checking calculation results show that the power and transmission system developed in this paper meets the design requirements, and the design scheme is feasible and reasonable.展开更多
As a large amount of data is increasingly generated from edge devices,such as smart homes,mobile phones,and wearable devices,it becomes crucial for many applications to deploy machine learning modes across edge device...As a large amount of data is increasingly generated from edge devices,such as smart homes,mobile phones,and wearable devices,it becomes crucial for many applications to deploy machine learning modes across edge devices.The execution speed of the deployed model is a key element to ensure service quality.Considering a highly heterogeneous edge deployment scenario,deep learning compiling is a novel approach that aims to solve this problem.It defines models using certain DSLs and generates efficient code implementations on different hardware devices.However,there are still two aspects that are not yet thoroughly investigated yet.The first is the optimization of memory-intensive operations,and the second problem is the heterogeneity of the deployment target.To that end,in this work,we propose a system solution that optimizes memory-intensive operation,optimizes the subgraph distribution,and enables the compiling and deployment of DNN models on multiple targets.The evaluation results show the performance of our proposed system.展开更多
To break down the development interaction of the working gadget of the multi-practical wheel loader and to compute the heap of each part, the Denavit-Hartenberg strategy was applied to build up the kinematics of the i...To break down the development interaction of the working gadget of the multi-practical wheel loader and to compute the heap of each part, the Denavit-Hartenberg strategy was applied to build up the kinematics of the instrument model. Also, all the while, set up the elements model of dynamic framework. A multi-body element programming MSC, ADAMS and its active module were applied to assemble component power through a pressure framework reenactment model. An entirety working cycle interaction of the functioning gadget of the wheel loader was mimicked, and the investigation results thoroughly show the development interaction of the functional device and the stacked state of each part, and check the mechanical properties of the working gadget and dynamic execution water-driven framework effectively.展开更多
Computer science continues to grow at a rapid pace,raising the issue of how universities can best adapt to this trend.At the third Global Forum on the Development of Computer Science(GFDCS),five heads of departments o...Computer science continues to grow at a rapid pace,raising the issue of how universities can best adapt to this trend.At the third Global Forum on the Development of Computer Science(GFDCS),five heads of departments of computer science from Asia,Europe,and North America came together to exchange ideas under the theme Challenges and Opportunities of Computer Science in the New Era.Through the discussions,a number of new challenges were explored,including how to meet the growing demand for computer science education,how to manage increased teaching loads,how to foster collaboration between computer science and other disciplines,how to raise ethical awareness,and how to support new“transdisciplinary”modes of education and research.At the same time,there was a consensus on the need to strengthen the role of computer science in other departments,the importance of industrial collaboration,and the need for more scalable approaches to teaching.The evolving role of computer science within the context of broader science was also discussed.展开更多
The present study utilized motor imaginary-based brain-computer interface technology combined with rehabilitation training in 20 stroke patients.Results from the Berg Balance Scale and the Holden Walking Classificatio...The present study utilized motor imaginary-based brain-computer interface technology combined with rehabilitation training in 20 stroke patients.Results from the Berg Balance Scale and the Holden Walking Classification were significantly greater at 4 weeks after treatment (P < 0.01),which suggested that motor imaginary-based brain-computer interface technology improved balance and walking in stroke patients.展开更多
The technology of remote transaction mirror image is a feasible, low-investment and well-effect disaster backup scheme in finance business system. The basic idea, construction, working principles and characteristic of...The technology of remote transaction mirror image is a feasible, low-investment and well-effect disaster backup scheme in finance business system. The basic idea, construction, working principles and characteristic of remote transaction mirror image are presented in this paper. We analyze and compare similarities and differences among this disaster backup scheme and others usually used. The technology of remote transaction mirror image have the advantages such as less requiring of software and hardware system platform, low-investment, being able to control and restore lost data, insuring the data consistency and integrity.展开更多
The Ecological-living-productive land(ELPL)classification system was proposed in an effort to steer China's land pattern to an ecological-centered path,with the development model shifting from a single function in...The Ecological-living-productive land(ELPL)classification system was proposed in an effort to steer China's land pattern to an ecological-centered path,with the development model shifting from a single function into more integrated multifunction land use.The focus is coordinating the man-land contradictions and developing an intensive,efficient and sustainable land use policy in an increasingly tense relationship between humans and nature.Driven by socioeconomic change and rapid population growth,many cities are undergoing urban sprawl,which involves the consumption of cropland and ecological land and threatens the ecological balance.This paper aims to quantitatively analyze the critical effects of ELPL changes on eco-environmental quality according to land use classification based on leading function of ecology,living and production from 1990 to 2015 with a case study of Xining City.Also,four future land use scenarios were simulated for 2030 using the Future Land Use Simulation(FLUS)model that couples human and natural effects.Our results show a decrease in productive land(PL)and an increase in ecological land(EL)and living land(LL)in Xining City.Forestry ecological land(FEL)covered the top largest proportion;agriculture productive land(APL)showed the greatest reduction and urban and rural living land(U-RLL)presented a dramatic increase.The eco-environmental quality improved in 1990-2010,mainly affected by the conversion of APL to FEL and GEL.However,the encroachment of U-RLL into APL,other ecological land(OEL)and FEL was the main contributor to the decline in eco-environmental quality in 2010-2015 as well as the primary reason for the increase area of lower-quality.The Harmonious Development(HD)-Scenario,characterized by a rational allocation of LL and PL and a better eco-environment,would have implications for planning and monitoring future management of ELPL,and may represent a valuable reference for local policy-makers.展开更多
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are derived from distinct loci in the genome and play crucial roles in RNA-mediated gene silencing mechanisms that regulate cellular processes during development and stress responses of plants. The ...MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are derived from distinct loci in the genome and play crucial roles in RNA-mediated gene silencing mechanisms that regulate cellular processes during development and stress responses of plants. The miRNAs are approximately 21 nucleotides long and code for the complementary strand to a larger genic mRNA. They are often found within the complementary primary transcript (pri-miRNAs). In the past few years, a growing number of soybean miRNAs have been discovered, however, little is known about the transcriptional regulation of these miRNAs. In this study, promoters and cis-acting elements of soybean miRNAs were analyzed using the genomic data for the first time. A total of 82 miRNAs were located among 122 loci in genome, some were present as double or multiple copies. Five clusters that included ten miRNAs were found in genome, and only one cluster share the same promoter. A total of 191 promoters from 122 loci of the soybean miRNA sequences were found and further analyzed. The results indicated that the conserved soybean miRNA genes had a greater proportion of promoters than that of non-conserved ones, and the distribution of the transcript start sites (TSSs) and TATA-boxes found had different motif styles between conserved and non-conserved miRNA genes. Furthermore, the cis-acting elements 5′ of the TSSs were analyzed to obtain potential function and spatiotemporal expression pattern of miRNAs. The data obtained here may lead to the identification of specific sequences upstream of pre-miRNAs and the functional annotation of miRNAs in soybean.展开更多
A great deal of ocean sensor observation data exists, for a wide range of marine disciplines, derived from in situ and remote observing platforms, in real-time, near-real-time and delayed mode. Ocean monitoring is rou...A great deal of ocean sensor observation data exists, for a wide range of marine disciplines, derived from in situ and remote observing platforms, in real-time, near-real-time and delayed mode. Ocean monitoring is routinely completed using sensors and instruments. Standardization is the key requirement for exchanging information about ocean sensors and sensor data and for comparing and combining information from different sensor networks. One or more sensors are often physically integrated into a single ocean ‘instrument' device, which often brings in many challenges related to diverse sensor data formats, parameters units, different spatiotemporal resolution, application domains, data quality and sensors protocols. To face these challenges requires the standardization efforts aiming at facilitating the so-called Sensor Web, which making it easy to provide public access to sensor data and metadata information. In this paper, a Marine Sensor Web, based on SOA and EDA and integrating the MBARI's PUCK protocol, IEEE 1451 and OGC SWE 2.0, is illustrated with a five-layer architecture. The Web Service layer and Event Process layer are illustrated in detail with an actual example. The demo study has demonstrated that a standard-based system can be built to access sensors and marine instruments distributed globally using common Web browsers for monitoring the environment and oceanic conditions besides marine sensor data on the Web, this framework of Marine Sensor Web can also play an important role in many other domains' information integration.展开更多
Many websites use verification codes to prevent users from using the machine automatically to register,login,malicious vote or irrigate but it brought great burden to the enterprises involved in internet marketing as ...Many websites use verification codes to prevent users from using the machine automatically to register,login,malicious vote or irrigate but it brought great burden to the enterprises involved in internet marketing as entering the verification code manually.Improving the verification code security system needs the identification method as the corresponding testing system.We propose an anisotropic heat kernel equation group which can generate a heat source scale space during the kernel evolution based on infinite heat source axiom,design a multi-step anisotropic verification code identification algorithm which includes core procedure of building anisotropic heat kernel,settingwave energy information parameters,combing outverification codccharacters and corresponding peripheral procedure of gray scaling,binarizing,denoising,normalizing,segmenting and identifying,give out the detail criterion and parameter set.Actual test show the anisotropic heat kernel identification algorithm can be used on many kinds of verification code including text characters,mathematical,Chinese,voice,3D,programming,video,advertising,it has a higher rate of 25%and 50%than neural network and context matching algorithm separately for Yahoo site,49%and 60%for Captcha site,20%and 52%for Baidu site,60%and 65%for 3DTakers site,40%,and 51%.for MDP site.展开更多
Objective:Identification of colorectal cancer(CRC)metastasis genes is one of the most important issues in CRC research.For the purpose of mining CRC metastasis-associated genes,an integrated analysis of microarray dat...Objective:Identification of colorectal cancer(CRC)metastasis genes is one of the most important issues in CRC research.For the purpose of mining CRC metastasis-associated genes,an integrated analysis of microarray data was presented,by combined with evidence acquired from comparative genomic hybridization(CGH)data.Methods:Gene expression profile data of CRC samples were obtained at Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)website.The 15 important chromosomal aberration sites detected by using CGH technology were used for integrated genomic and transcriptomic analysis.Significant Analysis of Microarray(SAM)was used to detect significantly differentially expressed genes across the whole genome.The overlapping genes were selected in their corresponding chromosomal aberration regions,and analyzed by using the Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated Discovery(DAVID).Finally,SVM-T-RFE gene selection algorithm was applied to identify metastasis-associated genes in CRC.Results:A minimum gene set was obtained with the minimum number[14]of genes,and the highest classification accuracy(100%)in both PRI and META datasets.A fraction of selected genes are associated with CRC or its metastasis.Conclusions:Our results demonstrated that integration analysis is an effective strategy for mining cancerassociated genes.展开更多
The network resource allocation in SDN for control applications is becoming a key problem in the near future because of the conflict between the need of the flow-level flexibility control and the limited capacity of f...The network resource allocation in SDN for control applications is becoming a key problem in the near future because of the conflict between the need of the flow-level flexibility control and the limited capacity of flow table.Based on the analysis of the difference of the definition of network resource between SDN and traditional IP network,the idea of the integrated allocation of link bandwidth and flow table for multiple control applications in SDN is proposed in this paper.Furthermore,a price-based joint allocation model of network resource in SDN is built by introducing the price for each of the resources,which can get the proportional fair allocation of link bandwidth and the minimum global delay at the same time.We have also designed a popular flow scheduling policy based on the proportional fair allocation of link bandwidth in order to achieve the minimum global delay.A flow scheduling module has been implemented and evaluated in Floodlight,named virtual forwarding space(VFS).VFS can not only implement the fair allocation of link bandwidth and minimum delay flow scheduling in data plane but also accelerate packet forwarding by looking up control rules in control plane.展开更多
A dual double interlocked storage cell(DICE)interleaving layout static random-access memory(SRAM)is designed and manufactured based on 65 nm bulk complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology.The single event ups...A dual double interlocked storage cell(DICE)interleaving layout static random-access memory(SRAM)is designed and manufactured based on 65 nm bulk complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology.The single event upset(SEU)cross sections of this memory are obtained via heavy ion irradiation with a linear energy transfer(LET)value ranging from 1.7 to 83.4 MeV/(mg/cm^(2)).Experimental results show that the upset threshold(LETth)of a 4 KB block is approximately 6 MeV/(mg/cm^(2)),which is much better than that of a standard unhardened SRAM with an identical technology node.A 1 KB block has a higher LETth of 25 MeV/(mg/cm^(2))owing to the use of the error detection and correction(EDAC)code.For a Ta ion irradiation test with the highest LET value(83.4 MeV/(mg/cm^(2))),the benefit of the EDAC code is reduced significantly because the multi-bit upset proportion in the SEU is increased remarkably.Compared with normal incident ions,the memory exhibits a higher SEU sensitivity in the tilt angle irradiation test.Moreover,the SEU cross section indicates a significant dependence on the data pattern.When comprehensively considering HSPICE simulation results and the sensitive area distributions of the DICE cell,it is shown that the data pattern dependence is primarily associated with the arrangement of sensitive transistor pairs in the layout.Finally,some suggestions are provided to further improve the radiation resistance of the memory.By implementing a particular design at the layout level,the SEU tolerance of the memory is improved significantly at a low area cost.Therefore,the designed 65 nm SRAM is suitable for electronic systems operating in serious radiation environments.展开更多
Aiming to deal with the difficult issues of terrain data model simplification and crack disposal,the paper proposed an improved level of detail(LOD)terrain rendering algorithm,in which a variation coefficient of eleva...Aiming to deal with the difficult issues of terrain data model simplification and crack disposal,the paper proposed an improved level of detail(LOD)terrain rendering algorithm,in which a variation coefficient of elevation is introduced to express the undulation of topography.Then the coefficient is used to construct a node evaluation function in the terrain data model simplification step.Furthermore,an edge reduction strategy is combined with the improved restrictive quadtree segmentation to handle the crack problem.The experiment results demonstrated that the proposed method can reduce the amount of rendering triangles and enhance the rendering speed on the premise of ensuring the rendering effect compared with a traditional LOD algorithm.展开更多
In a recent work[Quantum Inf.Process 12(2013) 1077],a multi-user protocol of quantum private comparison of equality(QPCE) is presented.Here we point out that if we relax the constraint of a semi-honest third party,the...In a recent work[Quantum Inf.Process 12(2013) 1077],a multi-user protocol of quantum private comparison of equality(QPCE) is presented.Here we point out that if we relax the constraint of a semi-honest third party,the private information of the users will be totally leaked out to the third party.A special attack is demonstrated in detail.Furthermore,a possible improvement is proposed,which makes the protocol secure against this kind of attack.展开更多
Previous studies have demonstrated that hand shadows may activate the motor cortex associated with the mirror neuron system in human brain. However, there is no evidence of activity of the human mirror neuron system d...Previous studies have demonstrated that hand shadows may activate the motor cortex associated with the mirror neuron system in human brain. However, there is no evidence of activity of the human mirror neuron system during the observation of intransitive movements by shadows and line drawings of hands. This study examined the suppression of electroencephalography mu waves (8-13 Hz) induced by observation of stimuli in 18 healthy students. Three stimuli were used: real hand actions, hand shadow actions and actions made by line drawings of hands. The results showed significant desynchronization of the mu rhythm ("mu suppression") across the sensorimotor cortex (recorded at C3, Cz and C4), the frontal cortex (recorded at F3, Fz and F4) and the central and right posterior parietal cortex (recorded at Pz and P4) under all three conditions. Our experimental findings suggest that the observation of "impoverished hand actions", such as intransitive movements of shadows and line drawings of hands, is able to activate widespread cortical areas related to the putative human mirror neuron system.展开更多
In order to improve the efficiency of learning the triangular membership functions( TMFs) for mining fuzzy association rule( FAR) in dynamic database,a single-pass fuzzy c means( SPFCM)algorithm is combined with the r...In order to improve the efficiency of learning the triangular membership functions( TMFs) for mining fuzzy association rule( FAR) in dynamic database,a single-pass fuzzy c means( SPFCM)algorithm is combined with the real-coded CHC genetic model to incrementally learn the TMFs. The cluster centers resulting from SPFCM are regarded as the midpoint of TMFs. The population of CHC is generated randomly according to the cluster center and constraint conditions among TMFs. Then a new population for incremental learning is composed of the excellent chromosomes stored in the first genetic process and the chromosomes generated based on the cluster center adjusted by SPFCM. The experiments on real datasets show that the number of generations converging to the solution of the proposed approach is less than that of the existing batch learning approach. The quality of TMFs generated by the approach is comparable to that of the batch learning approach. Compared with the existing incremental learning strategy,the proposed approach is superior in terms of the quality of TMFs and time cost.展开更多
文摘In the very beginning,the Computer Laboratory of the University of Cambridge was founded to provide computing service for different disciplines across the university.As computer science developed as a discipline in its own right,boundaries necessarily arose between it and other disciplines,in a way that is now often detrimental to progress.Therefore,it is necessary to reinvigorate the relationship between computer science and other academic disciplines and celebrate exploration and creativity in research.To do this,the structures of the academic department have to act as supporting scaffolding rather than barriers.Some examples are given that show the efforts being made at the University of Cambridge to approach this problem.
文摘At the panel session of the 3rd Global Forum on the Development of Computer Science,attendees had an opportunity to deliberate recent issues affecting computer science departments as a result of the recent growth in the field.6 heads of university computer science departments participated in the discussions,including the moderator,Professor Andrew Yao.The first issue was how universities are managing the growing number of applicants in addition to swelling class sizes.Several approaches were suggested,including increasing faculty hiring,implementing scalable teaching tools,and working closer with other departments through degree programs that integrate computer science with other fields.The second issue was about the position and role of computer science within broader science.Participants generally agreed that all fields are increasingly relying on computer science techniques,and that effectively disseminating these techniques to others is a key to unlocking broader scientific progress.
文摘Electric vehicles use electric motors, which turn electrical energy into mechanical energy. As electric motors are conventionally used in all the industry, it is an established development site. It’s a mature technology with ideal power and torque curves for vehicular operation. Conventional vehicles use oil and gas as fuel or energy storage. Although they also have an excellent economic impact, the continuous use of oil and gas threatened the world’s reservation of total oil and gas. Also, they emit carbon dioxide and some toxic ingredients through the vehicle’s tailpipe, which causes the greenhouse effect and seriously impacts the environment. So, as an alternative, electric car refers to a green technology of decarbonization with zero emission of greenhouse gases through the tailpipe. So, they can remove the problem of greenhouse gas emissions and solve the world’s remaining non-renewable energy storage problem. Pure electric vehicles (PEV) can be applied in all spheres, but their special implementation can only be seen in downhole operations. They are used for low noise and less pollution in the downhole process. In this study, the basic structure of the pure electric command vehicle is studied, the main components of the command vehicle power system, namely the selection of the drive motor and the power battery, are analyzed, and the main parameters of the drive motor and the power battery are designed and calculated. The checking calculation results show that the power and transmission system developed in this paper meets the design requirements, and the design scheme is feasible and reasonable.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20519)。
文摘As a large amount of data is increasingly generated from edge devices,such as smart homes,mobile phones,and wearable devices,it becomes crucial for many applications to deploy machine learning modes across edge devices.The execution speed of the deployed model is a key element to ensure service quality.Considering a highly heterogeneous edge deployment scenario,deep learning compiling is a novel approach that aims to solve this problem.It defines models using certain DSLs and generates efficient code implementations on different hardware devices.However,there are still two aspects that are not yet thoroughly investigated yet.The first is the optimization of memory-intensive operations,and the second problem is the heterogeneity of the deployment target.To that end,in this work,we propose a system solution that optimizes memory-intensive operation,optimizes the subgraph distribution,and enables the compiling and deployment of DNN models on multiple targets.The evaluation results show the performance of our proposed system.
文摘To break down the development interaction of the working gadget of the multi-practical wheel loader and to compute the heap of each part, the Denavit-Hartenberg strategy was applied to build up the kinematics of the instrument model. Also, all the while, set up the elements model of dynamic framework. A multi-body element programming MSC, ADAMS and its active module were applied to assemble component power through a pressure framework reenactment model. An entirety working cycle interaction of the functioning gadget of the wheel loader was mimicked, and the investigation results thoroughly show the development interaction of the functional device and the stacked state of each part, and check the mechanical properties of the working gadget and dynamic execution water-driven framework effectively.
文摘Computer science continues to grow at a rapid pace,raising the issue of how universities can best adapt to this trend.At the third Global Forum on the Development of Computer Science(GFDCS),five heads of departments of computer science from Asia,Europe,and North America came together to exchange ideas under the theme Challenges and Opportunities of Computer Science in the New Era.Through the discussions,a number of new challenges were explored,including how to meet the growing demand for computer science education,how to manage increased teaching loads,how to foster collaboration between computer science and other disciplines,how to raise ethical awareness,and how to support new“transdisciplinary”modes of education and research.At the same time,there was a consensus on the need to strengthen the role of computer science in other departments,the importance of industrial collaboration,and the need for more scalable approaches to teaching.The evolving role of computer science within the context of broader science was also discussed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.60970062the Shanghai Pujiang Program,No.09PJ1410200
文摘The present study utilized motor imaginary-based brain-computer interface technology combined with rehabilitation training in 20 stroke patients.Results from the Berg Balance Scale and the Holden Walking Classification were significantly greater at 4 weeks after treatment (P < 0.01),which suggested that motor imaginary-based brain-computer interface technology improved balance and walking in stroke patients.
基金This work was supported by"Shu Guang"project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and Shanghai Education Development Foundation (No.2002SG53) and was also supported by Science and Technology Foundation of Shanghai Higher Education (No.CL200222).
文摘The technology of remote transaction mirror image is a feasible, low-investment and well-effect disaster backup scheme in finance business system. The basic idea, construction, working principles and characteristic of remote transaction mirror image are presented in this paper. We analyze and compare similarities and differences among this disaster backup scheme and others usually used. The technology of remote transaction mirror image have the advantages such as less requiring of software and hardware system platform, low-investment, being able to control and restore lost data, insuring the data consistency and integrity.
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41661038)Soft Science Research Project of Science and Technology Department of Qinghai province(No.2015-ZJ-602)
文摘The Ecological-living-productive land(ELPL)classification system was proposed in an effort to steer China's land pattern to an ecological-centered path,with the development model shifting from a single function into more integrated multifunction land use.The focus is coordinating the man-land contradictions and developing an intensive,efficient and sustainable land use policy in an increasingly tense relationship between humans and nature.Driven by socioeconomic change and rapid population growth,many cities are undergoing urban sprawl,which involves the consumption of cropland and ecological land and threatens the ecological balance.This paper aims to quantitatively analyze the critical effects of ELPL changes on eco-environmental quality according to land use classification based on leading function of ecology,living and production from 1990 to 2015 with a case study of Xining City.Also,four future land use scenarios were simulated for 2030 using the Future Land Use Simulation(FLUS)model that couples human and natural effects.Our results show a decrease in productive land(PL)and an increase in ecological land(EL)and living land(LL)in Xining City.Forestry ecological land(FEL)covered the top largest proportion;agriculture productive land(APL)showed the greatest reduction and urban and rural living land(U-RLL)presented a dramatic increase.The eco-environmental quality improved in 1990-2010,mainly affected by the conversion of APL to FEL and GEL.However,the encroachment of U-RLL into APL,other ecological land(OEL)and FEL was the main contributor to the decline in eco-environmental quality in 2010-2015 as well as the primary reason for the increase area of lower-quality.The Harmonious Development(HD)-Scenario,characterized by a rational allocation of LL and PL and a better eco-environment,would have implications for planning and monitoring future management of ELPL,and may represent a valuable reference for local policy-makers.
基金supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program of China (863 Program,2006AA100104-4)the Project of 948 from Ministryof Agriculture of China (2006-G5)+5 种基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China (30971810,60932008)the National Basic Research Program ofChina (973 Program, 2009CB118400)the Postdoctoral Fund in Heilongjiang Province, China (LBH-Z07228)the Foundation Projects of Northeast Agricultural University, Chinathe Technology Project of Education Ministry of Heilongjiang Province, China(11541025)the Technology Project of Harbin,China (2009RFQXN085)
文摘MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are derived from distinct loci in the genome and play crucial roles in RNA-mediated gene silencing mechanisms that regulate cellular processes during development and stress responses of plants. The miRNAs are approximately 21 nucleotides long and code for the complementary strand to a larger genic mRNA. They are often found within the complementary primary transcript (pri-miRNAs). In the past few years, a growing number of soybean miRNAs have been discovered, however, little is known about the transcriptional regulation of these miRNAs. In this study, promoters and cis-acting elements of soybean miRNAs were analyzed using the genomic data for the first time. A total of 82 miRNAs were located among 122 loci in genome, some were present as double or multiple copies. Five clusters that included ten miRNAs were found in genome, and only one cluster share the same promoter. A total of 191 promoters from 122 loci of the soybean miRNA sequences were found and further analyzed. The results indicated that the conserved soybean miRNA genes had a greater proportion of promoters than that of non-conserved ones, and the distribution of the transcript start sites (TSSs) and TATA-boxes found had different motif styles between conserved and non-conserved miRNA genes. Furthermore, the cis-acting elements 5′ of the TSSs were analyzed to obtain potential function and spatiotemporal expression pattern of miRNAs. The data obtained here may lead to the identification of specific sequences upstream of pre-miRNAs and the functional annotation of miRNAs in soybean.
基金supported by the open fund project ‘Research of Information Service of Marine Sensor Web’ (Grant No.2011002)the project ‘Research on Channel-Characteristics-Oriented Data Transmission Algorithm in USNs’ of NSF of China (Grant No.61202403)the projects ‘Research of Making Regulation of Testing Technology of Device Interface’ and ‘Development and Application of Real-Time and Long-Term Observation Network Under Nearshore and Adjacent Marine Areas’ of Public science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean(Grant No.201305033-6,No.201105030)
文摘A great deal of ocean sensor observation data exists, for a wide range of marine disciplines, derived from in situ and remote observing platforms, in real-time, near-real-time and delayed mode. Ocean monitoring is routinely completed using sensors and instruments. Standardization is the key requirement for exchanging information about ocean sensors and sensor data and for comparing and combining information from different sensor networks. One or more sensors are often physically integrated into a single ocean ‘instrument' device, which often brings in many challenges related to diverse sensor data formats, parameters units, different spatiotemporal resolution, application domains, data quality and sensors protocols. To face these challenges requires the standardization efforts aiming at facilitating the so-called Sensor Web, which making it easy to provide public access to sensor data and metadata information. In this paper, a Marine Sensor Web, based on SOA and EDA and integrating the MBARI's PUCK protocol, IEEE 1451 and OGC SWE 2.0, is illustrated with a five-layer architecture. The Web Service layer and Event Process layer are illustrated in detail with an actual example. The demo study has demonstrated that a standard-based system can be built to access sensors and marine instruments distributed globally using common Web browsers for monitoring the environment and oceanic conditions besides marine sensor data on the Web, this framework of Marine Sensor Web can also play an important role in many other domains' information integration.
基金The national natural science foundation(61273290,61373147)Xiamen Scientific Plan Project(2014S0048,3502Z20123037)+1 种基金Fujian Scientific Plan Project(2013HZ0004-1)FuJian provincial education office A-class project(-JA13238)
文摘Many websites use verification codes to prevent users from using the machine automatically to register,login,malicious vote or irrigate but it brought great burden to the enterprises involved in internet marketing as entering the verification code manually.Improving the verification code security system needs the identification method as the corresponding testing system.We propose an anisotropic heat kernel equation group which can generate a heat source scale space during the kernel evolution based on infinite heat source axiom,design a multi-step anisotropic verification code identification algorithm which includes core procedure of building anisotropic heat kernel,settingwave energy information parameters,combing outverification codccharacters and corresponding peripheral procedure of gray scaling,binarizing,denoising,normalizing,segmenting and identifying,give out the detail criterion and parameter set.Actual test show the anisotropic heat kernel identification algorithm can be used on many kinds of verification code including text characters,mathematical,Chinese,voice,3D,programming,video,advertising,it has a higher rate of 25%and 50%than neural network and context matching algorithm separately for Yahoo site,49%and 60%for Captcha site,20%and 52%for Baidu site,60%and 65%for 3DTakers site,40%,and 51%.for MDP site.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61373057)a grant from the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.Y1110763)
文摘Objective:Identification of colorectal cancer(CRC)metastasis genes is one of the most important issues in CRC research.For the purpose of mining CRC metastasis-associated genes,an integrated analysis of microarray data was presented,by combined with evidence acquired from comparative genomic hybridization(CGH)data.Methods:Gene expression profile data of CRC samples were obtained at Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)website.The 15 important chromosomal aberration sites detected by using CGH technology were used for integrated genomic and transcriptomic analysis.Significant Analysis of Microarray(SAM)was used to detect significantly differentially expressed genes across the whole genome.The overlapping genes were selected in their corresponding chromosomal aberration regions,and analyzed by using the Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated Discovery(DAVID).Finally,SVM-T-RFE gene selection algorithm was applied to identify metastasis-associated genes in CRC.Results:A minimum gene set was obtained with the minimum number[14]of genes,and the highest classification accuracy(100%)in both PRI and META datasets.A fraction of selected genes are associated with CRC or its metastasis.Conclusions:Our results demonstrated that integration analysis is an effective strategy for mining cancerassociated genes.
基金Supported by the National High-tech R&D Program("863" Program) of China (No.2013AA013505)the National Science Foundation of China(No.61472213)National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF 2014K1A1A2064649)
文摘The network resource allocation in SDN for control applications is becoming a key problem in the near future because of the conflict between the need of the flow-level flexibility control and the limited capacity of flow table.Based on the analysis of the difference of the definition of network resource between SDN and traditional IP network,the idea of the integrated allocation of link bandwidth and flow table for multiple control applications in SDN is proposed in this paper.Furthermore,a price-based joint allocation model of network resource in SDN is built by introducing the price for each of the resources,which can get the proportional fair allocation of link bandwidth and the minimum global delay at the same time.We have also designed a popular flow scheduling policy based on the proportional fair allocation of link bandwidth in order to achieve the minimum global delay.A flow scheduling module has been implemented and evaluated in Floodlight,named virtual forwarding space(VFS).VFS can not only implement the fair allocation of link bandwidth and minimum delay flow scheduling in data plane but also accelerate packet forwarding by looking up control rules in control plane.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12035019,11690041,and 11805244).
文摘A dual double interlocked storage cell(DICE)interleaving layout static random-access memory(SRAM)is designed and manufactured based on 65 nm bulk complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology.The single event upset(SEU)cross sections of this memory are obtained via heavy ion irradiation with a linear energy transfer(LET)value ranging from 1.7 to 83.4 MeV/(mg/cm^(2)).Experimental results show that the upset threshold(LETth)of a 4 KB block is approximately 6 MeV/(mg/cm^(2)),which is much better than that of a standard unhardened SRAM with an identical technology node.A 1 KB block has a higher LETth of 25 MeV/(mg/cm^(2))owing to the use of the error detection and correction(EDAC)code.For a Ta ion irradiation test with the highest LET value(83.4 MeV/(mg/cm^(2))),the benefit of the EDAC code is reduced significantly because the multi-bit upset proportion in the SEU is increased remarkably.Compared with normal incident ions,the memory exhibits a higher SEU sensitivity in the tilt angle irradiation test.Moreover,the SEU cross section indicates a significant dependence on the data pattern.When comprehensively considering HSPICE simulation results and the sensitive area distributions of the DICE cell,it is shown that the data pattern dependence is primarily associated with the arrangement of sensitive transistor pairs in the layout.Finally,some suggestions are provided to further improve the radiation resistance of the memory.By implementing a particular design at the layout level,the SEU tolerance of the memory is improved significantly at a low area cost.Therefore,the designed 65 nm SRAM is suitable for electronic systems operating in serious radiation environments.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61363075)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(2012AA12A308)the Yue Qi Young Scholars Program of China University of Mining&Technology,Beijing(800015Z1117)
文摘Aiming to deal with the difficult issues of terrain data model simplification and crack disposal,the paper proposed an improved level of detail(LOD)terrain rendering algorithm,in which a variation coefficient of elevation is introduced to express the undulation of topography.Then the coefficient is used to construct a node evaluation function in the terrain data model simplification step.Furthermore,an edge reduction strategy is combined with the improved restrictive quadtree segmentation to handle the crack problem.The experiment results demonstrated that the proposed method can reduce the amount of rendering triangles and enhance the rendering speed on the premise of ensuring the rendering effect compared with a traditional LOD algorithm.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 61402058,61572086 and 61370203the Fund for Middle and Young Academic Leaders of Chengdu University of Information Technology under Grant No J201511+2 种基金the Science and Technology Support Project of Sichuan Province under Grant No 2013GZX0137the Fund for Young Persons Project of Sichuan Province under Grant No 12ZB017the Foundation of Cyberspace Security Key Laboratory of Sichuan Higher Education Institutions under Grant No szjj2014-074
文摘In a recent work[Quantum Inf.Process 12(2013) 1077],a multi-user protocol of quantum private comparison of equality(QPCE) is presented.Here we point out that if we relax the constraint of a semi-honest third party,the private information of the users will be totally leaked out to the third party.A special attack is demonstrated in detail.Furthermore,a possible improvement is proposed,which makes the protocol secure against this kind of attack.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.60775019,60970062 and 61173116the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China,No.201100702110014
文摘Previous studies have demonstrated that hand shadows may activate the motor cortex associated with the mirror neuron system in human brain. However, there is no evidence of activity of the human mirror neuron system during the observation of intransitive movements by shadows and line drawings of hands. This study examined the suppression of electroencephalography mu waves (8-13 Hz) induced by observation of stimuli in 18 healthy students. Three stimuli were used: real hand actions, hand shadow actions and actions made by line drawings of hands. The results showed significant desynchronization of the mu rhythm ("mu suppression") across the sensorimotor cortex (recorded at C3, Cz and C4), the frontal cortex (recorded at F3, Fz and F4) and the central and right posterior parietal cortex (recorded at Pz and P4) under all three conditions. Our experimental findings suggest that the observation of "impoverished hand actions", such as intransitive movements of shadows and line drawings of hands, is able to activate widespread cortical areas related to the putative human mirror neuron system.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61301245,U1533104)
文摘In order to improve the efficiency of learning the triangular membership functions( TMFs) for mining fuzzy association rule( FAR) in dynamic database,a single-pass fuzzy c means( SPFCM)algorithm is combined with the real-coded CHC genetic model to incrementally learn the TMFs. The cluster centers resulting from SPFCM are regarded as the midpoint of TMFs. The population of CHC is generated randomly according to the cluster center and constraint conditions among TMFs. Then a new population for incremental learning is composed of the excellent chromosomes stored in the first genetic process and the chromosomes generated based on the cluster center adjusted by SPFCM. The experiments on real datasets show that the number of generations converging to the solution of the proposed approach is less than that of the existing batch learning approach. The quality of TMFs generated by the approach is comparable to that of the batch learning approach. Compared with the existing incremental learning strategy,the proposed approach is superior in terms of the quality of TMFs and time cost.
