Piezoelectric semiconductors(PSs)possess both semiconducting properties and piezoelectric coupling effects,making them optimal building blocks for semiconductor devices.PS fiber-like structures have wide applications ...Piezoelectric semiconductors(PSs)possess both semiconducting properties and piezoelectric coupling effects,making them optimal building blocks for semiconductor devices.PS fiber-like structures have wide applications in multi-functional semiconductor devices.In this paper,a one-dimensional(1D)theoretical model is established to describe the piezotronic responses of a PS fiber under gradient temperature changes.The theoretical model aims to explain the mechanism behind the resistance change caused by such gradient temperature changes.Numerical results demonstrate that a gradient temperature change significantly affects the physical fields within the PS fiber,and can induce changes in its surface resistance.It provides important theoretical guidance on the development of piezotronic devices that are sensitive to temperature effects.展开更多
The damage evolution process of non-penetrating cracks often causes some unexpected engineering disasters.Gypsum specimens containing non-penetrating crack(s)are used to study the damage evolution and characteristics ...The damage evolution process of non-penetrating cracks often causes some unexpected engineering disasters.Gypsum specimens containing non-penetrating crack(s)are used to study the damage evolution and characteristics under cyclic loading.The results show that under cyclic loading,the relationship between the number of non-penetrating crack(s)and the characteristic parameters(cyclic number,peak stress,peak strain,failure stress,and failure strain)of the pre-cracked specimens can be represented by a decreasing linear function.The damage evolution equation is fitted by calibrating the accumulative plastic strain for each cycle,and the damage constitutive equation is proposed by the concept of effective stress.Additionally,non-penetrating cracks are more likely to cause uneven stress distribution,damage accumulation,and local failure of specimen.The local failure can change the stress distribution and relieve the inhibition of non-penetrating crack extension and eventually cause a dramatic destruction of the specimen.Therefore,the evolution process caused by non-penetrating cracks can be regarded as one of the important reasons for inducing rockburst.These results are expected to improve the understanding of the process of spalling formation and rockburst and can be used to analyze the stability of rocks or rock structures.展开更多
This paper theoretically studies the axisymmetric frictionless indentation of a transversely isotropic piezoelectric semiconductor(PSC)half-space subject to a rigid flatended cylindrical indenter.The contact area and ...This paper theoretically studies the axisymmetric frictionless indentation of a transversely isotropic piezoelectric semiconductor(PSC)half-space subject to a rigid flatended cylindrical indenter.The contact area and other surface of the PSC half-space are assumed to be electrically insulating.By the Hankel integral transformation,the problem is reduced to the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind.This equation is solved numerically to obtain the indentation behaviors of the PSC half-space,mainly including the indentation force-depth relation and the electric potential-depth relation.The results show that the effect of the semiconductor property on the indentation responses is limited within a certain range of variation of the steady carrier concentration.The dependence of indentation behavior on material properties is also analyzed by two different kinds of PSCs.Finite element simulations are conducted to verify the results calculated by the integral equation technique,and good agreement is demonstrated.展开更多
In the practical environment,it is very common for the simultaneous occurrence of base excitation and crosswind.Scavenging the combined energy of vibration and wind with a single energy harvesting structure is fascina...In the practical environment,it is very common for the simultaneous occurrence of base excitation and crosswind.Scavenging the combined energy of vibration and wind with a single energy harvesting structure is fascinating.For this purpose,the effects of the wind speed and random excitation level are investigated with the stochastic averaging method(SAM)based on the energy envelope.The results of the analytical prediction are verified with the Monte-Carlo method(MCM).The numerical simulation shows that the introduction of wind can reduce the critical excitation level for triggering an inter-well jump and make a bi-stable energy harvester(BEH)realize the performance enhancement for a weak base excitation.However,as the strength of the wind increases to a particular level,the influence of the random base excitation on the dynamic responses is weakened,and the system exhibits a periodic galloping response.A comparison between a BEH and a linear energy harvester(LEH)indicates that the BEH demonstrates inferior performance for high-speed wind.Relevant experiments are conducted to investigate the validity of the theoretical prediction and numerical simulation.The experimental findings also show that strong random excitation is favorable for the BEH in the range of low wind speeds.However,as the speed of the incoming wind is up to a particular level,the disadvantage of the BEH becomes clear and evident.展开更多
The determination of the ultimate load-bearing capacity of structures made of elastoplastic heterogeneous materials under varying loads is of great importance for engineering analysis and design. Therefore, it is nece...The determination of the ultimate load-bearing capacity of structures made of elastoplastic heterogeneous materials under varying loads is of great importance for engineering analysis and design. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately predict the shakedown domains of these materials. The static shakedown theorem, also known as Melan's theorem, is a fundamental method used to predict the shakedown domains of structures and materials. Within this method, a key aspect lies in the construction and application of an appropriate self-equilibrium stress field(SSF). In the structural shakedown analysis, the SSF is typically constructed by governing equations that satisfy no external force(NEF) boundary conditions. However, we discover that directly applying these governing equations is not suitable for the shakedown analysis of heterogeneous materials. Researchers must consider the requirements imposed by the Hill-Mandel condition for boundary conditions and the physical significance of representative volume elements(RVEs). This paper addresses this issue and demonstrates that the sizes of SSFs vary under different boundary conditions, such as uniform displacement boundary conditions(DBCs), uniform traction boundary conditions(TBCs), and periodic boundary conditions(PBCs). As a result, significant discrepancies arise in the predicted shakedown domain sizes of heterogeneous materials. Built on the demonstrated relationship between SSFs under different boundary conditions, this study explores the conservative relationships among different shakedown domains, and provides proof of the relationship between the elastic limit(EL) factors and the shakedown loading factors under the loading domain of two load vertices. By utilizing numerical examples, we highlight the conservatism present in certain results reported in the existing literature. Among the investigated boundary conditions, the obtained shakedown domain is the most conservative under TBCs.Conversely, utilizing PBCs to construct an SSF for the shakedown analysis leads to less conservative lower bounds, indicating that PBCs should be employed as the preferred boundary conditions for the shakedown analysis of heterogeneous materials.展开更多
Due to the novel applications of flexible pipes conveying fluid in the field of soft robotics and biomedicine,the investigations on the mechanical responses of the pipes have attracted considerable attention.The fluid...Due to the novel applications of flexible pipes conveying fluid in the field of soft robotics and biomedicine,the investigations on the mechanical responses of the pipes have attracted considerable attention.The fluid-structure interaction(FSI)between the pipe with a curved shape and the time-varying internal fluid flow brings a great challenge to the revelation of the dynamical behaviors of flexible pipes,especially when the pipe is highly flexible and usually undergoes large deformations.In this work,the geometrically exact model(GEM)for a curved cantilevered pipe conveying pulsating fluid is developed based on the extended Hamilton's principle.The stability of the curved pipe with three different subtended angles is examined with the consideration of steady fluid flow.Specific attention is concentrated on the large-deformation resonance of circular pipes conveying pulsating fluid,which is often encountered in practical engineering.By constructing bifurcation diagrams,oscillating shapes,phase portraits,time traces,and Poincarémaps,the dynamic responses of the curved pipe under various system parameters are revealed.The mean flow velocity of the pulsating fluid is chosen to be either subcritical or supercritical.The numerical results show that the curved pipe conveying pulsating fluid can exhibit rich dynamical behaviors,including periodic and quasi-periodic motions.It is also found that the preferred instability type of a cantilevered curved pipe conveying steady fluid is mainly in the flutter of the second mode.For a moderate value of the mass ratio,however,a third-mode flutter may occur,which is quite different from that of a straight pipe system.展开更多
In the context of global mean square error concerning the number of random variables in the representation,the Karhunen–Loève(KL)expansion is the optimal series expansion method for random field discretization.T...In the context of global mean square error concerning the number of random variables in the representation,the Karhunen–Loève(KL)expansion is the optimal series expansion method for random field discretization.The computational efficiency and accuracy of the KL expansion are contingent upon the accurate resolution of the Fredholm integral eigenvalue problem(IEVP).The paper proposes an interpolation method based on different interpolation basis functions such as moving least squares(MLS),least squares(LS),and finite element method(FEM)to solve the IEVP.Compared with the Galerkin method based on finite element or Legendre polynomials,the main advantage of the interpolation method is that,in the calculation of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions in one-dimensional random fields,the integral matrix containing covariance function only requires a single integral,which is less than a two-folded integral by the Galerkin method.The effectiveness and computational efficiency of the proposed interpolation method are verified through various one-dimensional examples.Furthermore,based on theKL expansion and polynomial chaos expansion,the stochastic analysis of two-dimensional regular and irregular domains is conducted,and the basis function of the extended finite element method(XFEM)is introduced as the interpolation basis function in two-dimensional irregular domains to solve the IEVP.展开更多
This study proposes a comprehensive,coupled thermomechanical model that replaces local spatial derivatives in classical differential thermomechanical equations with nonlocal integral forms derived from the peridynamic...This study proposes a comprehensive,coupled thermomechanical model that replaces local spatial derivatives in classical differential thermomechanical equations with nonlocal integral forms derived from the peridynamic differential operator(PDDO),eliminating the need for calibration procedures.The model employs a multi-rate explicit time integration scheme to handle varying time scales in multi-physics systems.Through simulations conducted on granite and ceramic materials,this model demonstrates its effectiveness.It successfully simulates thermal damage behavior in granite arising from incompatible mineral expansion and accurately calculates thermal crack propagation in ceramic slabs during quenching.To account for material heterogeneity,the model utilizes the Shuffle algorithm andWeibull distribution,yielding results that align with numerical simulations and experimental observations.This coupled thermomechanical model shows great promise for analyzing intricate thermomechanical phenomena in brittle materials.展开更多
Highly entangled hydrogels exhibit excellent mechanical properties,including high toughness,high stretchability,and low hysteresis.By considering the evolution of randomly distributed entanglements within the polymer ...Highly entangled hydrogels exhibit excellent mechanical properties,including high toughness,high stretchability,and low hysteresis.By considering the evolution of randomly distributed entanglements within the polymer network upon mechanical stretches,we develop a constitutive theory to describe the large stretch behaviors of these hydrogels.In the theory,we utilize a representative volume element(RVE)in the shape of a cube,within which there exists an averaged chain segment along each edge and a mobile entanglement at each corner.By employing an explicit method,we decouple the elasticity of the hydrogels from the sliding motion of their entanglements,and derive the stress-stretch relations for these hydrogels.The present theoretical analysis is in agreement with experiment,and highlights the significant influence of the entanglement distribution within the hydrogels on their elasticity.We also implement the present developed constitutive theory into a commercial finite element software,and the subsequent simulations demonstrate that the exact distribution of entanglements strongly affects the mechanical behaviors of the structures of these hydrogels.Overall,the present theory provides valuable insights into the deformation mechanism of highly entangled hydrogels,and can aid in the design of these hydrogels with enhanced performance.展开更多
Graphene aerogel(GA),as a novel solid material,has shown great potential in engineering applications due to its unique mechanical properties.In this study,the mechanical performance of GA under high-velocity projectil...Graphene aerogel(GA),as a novel solid material,has shown great potential in engineering applications due to its unique mechanical properties.In this study,the mechanical performance of GA under high-velocity projectile impacts is thoroughly investigated using full-atomic molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.The study results show that the porous structure and density are key factors determining the mechanical response of GA under impact loading.Specifically,the impact-induced penetration of the projectile leads to the collapse of the pore structure,causing stretching and subsequent rupture of covalent bonds in graphene sheets.Moreover,the effects of temperature on the mechanical performance of GA have been proven to be minimal,thereby highlighting the mechanical stability of GA over a wide range of temperatures.Finally,the energy absorption density(EAD)and energy absorption efficiency(EAE)metrics are adopted to assess the energy absorption capacity of GA during projectile penetration.The research findings of this work demonstrate the significant potential of GA for energy absorption applications.展开更多
Laminated composites are widely used in many engineering industries such as aircraft, spacecraft, boat hulls, racing car bodies, and storage tanks. We analyze the 3D deformations of a multilayered, linear elastic, ani...Laminated composites are widely used in many engineering industries such as aircraft, spacecraft, boat hulls, racing car bodies, and storage tanks. We analyze the 3D deformations of a multilayered, linear elastic, anisotropic rectangular plate subjected to arbitrary boundary conditions on one edge and simply supported on other edge. The rectangular laminate consists of anisotropic and homogeneous laminae of arbitrary thicknesses. This study presents the elastic analysis of laminated composite plates subjected to sinusoidal mechanical loading under arbitrary boundary conditions. Least square finite element solutions for displacements and stresses are investigated using a mathematical model, called a state-space model, which allows us to simultaneously solve for these field variables in the composite structure’s domain and ensure that continuity conditions are satisfied at layer interfaces. The governing equations are derived from this model using a numerical technique called the least-squares finite element method (LSFEM). These LSFEMs seek to minimize the squares of the governing equations and the associated side conditions residuals over the computational domain. The model is comprised of layerwise variables such as displacements, out-of-plane stresses, and in- plane strains, treated as independent variables. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the response of the laminated composite plates under various arbitrary boundary conditions using LSFEM and compared with the 3D elasticity solution available in the literature.展开更多
The effects of microstructure and its evolution on the macroscopicsuperelastic stress-strain response of polycrystalline Shape Memory Alloy(SMA)arestudied by a microstructure-based constitutive model developed in this...The effects of microstructure and its evolution on the macroscopicsuperelastic stress-strain response of polycrystalline Shape Memory Alloy(SMA)arestudied by a microstructure-based constitutive model developed in this paper.Themodel is established on the following basis:(1)the transformation conditions of theunconstrained single crystal SMA microdomain(to be distinguished from the bulksingle crystal),which serve as the local criterion for the derivation of overall transfor-mation yield conditions of the polycrystal;(2)the micro-to macro-transition schemeby which the connection between the polycrystal aggregates and the single crystalmicrodomain is established and the macroscopic transformation conditions of thepolycrystal SMA are derived;(3)the quantitative incorporation of three microstruc-ture factors(i.e.,nucleation,growth and orientation distribution of martensite)intothe modeling.These microstructural factors are intrinsic of specific polycrystal SMAsystems and the role of each factor in the macroscopic constitutive response is quan-titatively modeled.It is demonstrated that the interplay of these factors will resultin different macroscopic transformation kinematics and kinetics which are responsiblefor the observed macroscopic stress-strain hardening or softening response,the latterwill lead to the localization and propagation of transformation bands in TiNi SMA.展开更多
The mechanical properties of metallic thin films deposited on a substrate play a crucial role in the performance of micro/nano-electromechanical systems(MEMS/NEMS)and flexible electronics. This article reviews ongoing...The mechanical properties of metallic thin films deposited on a substrate play a crucial role in the performance of micro/nano-electromechanical systems(MEMS/NEMS)and flexible electronics. This article reviews ongoing study on the mechanics of substrate-supported thin films, with emphasis on the experimental characterization techniques,such as the rule of mixture and X-ray tensile testing. In particular, the determination of interfacial adhesion energy, film deformation, elastic properties and Bauschinger effect are discussed.展开更多
Reversible control of surface wettability has wide applications in lab-on-chip systems, tunable optical lenses, and microfluidic tools. Using a graphene sheet as a sample material and molecular dynamic simulations, we...Reversible control of surface wettability has wide applications in lab-on-chip systems, tunable optical lenses, and microfluidic tools. Using a graphene sheet as a sample material and molecular dynamic simulations, we demonstrate that strain engineering can serve as an effective way to control the surface wettability. The contact angles θ of water droplets on a graphene vary from 72.5 to 106 under biaxial strains ranging from 10% to 10% that are applied on the graphene layer. For an intrinsic hydrophilic surface (at zero strain), the variation of θ upon the applied strains is more sensitive, i.e., from 0 to 74.8 . Overall the cosines of the contact angles exhibit a linear relation with respect to the strains. In light of the inherent dependence of the contact angle on liquid-solid interfacial energy, we develop an analytic model to show the cos θ as a linear function of the adsorption energy E ads of a single water molecule over the substrate surface. This model agrees with our molecular dynamic results very well. Together with the linear dependence of E ads on biaxial strains, we can thus understand the effect of strains on the surface wettability. Thanks to the ease of reversibly applying mechanical strains in micro/nano-electromechanical systems, we believe that strain engineering can be a promising means to achieve the reversibly control of surface wettability.展开更多
In this study,we propose the first unified implementation strategy for peridynamics in commercial finite element method(FEM)software packages based on their application programming interface using the peridynamics-bas...In this study,we propose the first unified implementation strategy for peridynamics in commercial finite element method(FEM)software packages based on their application programming interface using the peridynamics-based finite element method(PeriFEM).Using ANSYS and ABAQUS as examples,we present the numerical results and implementation details of PeriFEM in commercial FEM software.PeriFEM is a reformulation of the traditional FEM for solving peridynamic equations numerically.It is considered that the non-local features of peridynamics yet possesses the same computational framework as the traditional FEM.Therefore,this implementation benefits from the consistent computational frameworks of both PeriFEM and the traditional FEM.An implicit algorithm is used for both ANSYS and ABAQUS;however,different convergence criteria are adopted owing to their unique features.In ANSYS,APDL enables users to conveniently obtain broken-bond information from UPFs;thus,the convergence criterion is chosen as no new broken bond.In ABAQUS,obtaining broken-bond information is not convenient for users;thus,the default convergence criterion is used in ABAQUS.The codes integrated into ANSYS and ABAQUS are both verified through benchmark examples,and the computational convergence and costs are compared.The results show that,for some specific examples,ABAQUS is more efficient,whereas the convergence criterion adopted in ANSYS is more robust.Finally,3D examples are presented to demonstrate the ability of the proposed approach to deal with complex engineering problems.展开更多
A micromechanics analysis on the possibility of designing a two-phasepseudoelastic composite is made for the case where ductile transformable shape mem-ory alloy plastic particles are imbedded coherently in an elastic...A micromechanics analysis on the possibility of designing a two-phasepseudoelastic composite is made for the case where ductile transformable shape mem-ory alloy plastic particles are imbedded coherently in an elastic matrix. It is demon-strated that a pseudoelastic stress-strain loop in a macroscopic loading-unloading cy-cle can be obtained by microscopically stress induced forward and reverse martensitictransformations in the SMA particles. The relation between the macroscopic stress-strain response and the material parameters of the constituents of this composite isquantified through the micromechanics calculations, which reveals that the best duc-tility and thus the greatest energy absorption capacity of this novel microstructurecan be obtained by the optimum material design.展开更多
Scientists have increasingly been turning their attentions to searching for inspirations from the splendid living world in order to solve various challenging problems of technologically importance.Rapid advances in ob...Scientists have increasingly been turning their attentions to searching for inspirations from the splendid living world in order to solve various challenging problems of technologically importance.Rapid advances in observation techniques and computational ability will make it a reality to understand, at different time and space scales,the functions,structures and properties of natural materials as well as the complicated behaviors of swimming,flying and running of animals.In the last decades,much attentions have been attracted on the superior properties and striking abilities of biomaterials and animals.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.12172326 and 11972319)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2020YFA0711700)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China (No.LR21A020002)。
文摘Piezoelectric semiconductors(PSs)possess both semiconducting properties and piezoelectric coupling effects,making them optimal building blocks for semiconductor devices.PS fiber-like structures have wide applications in multi-functional semiconductor devices.In this paper,a one-dimensional(1D)theoretical model is established to describe the piezotronic responses of a PS fiber under gradient temperature changes.The theoretical model aims to explain the mechanism behind the resistance change caused by such gradient temperature changes.Numerical results demonstrate that a gradient temperature change significantly affects the physical fields within the PS fiber,and can induce changes in its surface resistance.It provides important theoretical guidance on the development of piezotronic devices that are sensitive to temperature effects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52204092 and 52274203).
文摘The damage evolution process of non-penetrating cracks often causes some unexpected engineering disasters.Gypsum specimens containing non-penetrating crack(s)are used to study the damage evolution and characteristics under cyclic loading.The results show that under cyclic loading,the relationship between the number of non-penetrating crack(s)and the characteristic parameters(cyclic number,peak stress,peak strain,failure stress,and failure strain)of the pre-cracked specimens can be represented by a decreasing linear function.The damage evolution equation is fitted by calibrating the accumulative plastic strain for each cycle,and the damage constitutive equation is proposed by the concept of effective stress.Additionally,non-penetrating cracks are more likely to cause uneven stress distribution,damage accumulation,and local failure of specimen.The local failure can change the stress distribution and relieve the inhibition of non-penetrating crack extension and eventually cause a dramatic destruction of the specimen.Therefore,the evolution process caused by non-penetrating cracks can be regarded as one of the important reasons for inducing rockburst.These results are expected to improve the understanding of the process of spalling formation and rockburst and can be used to analyze the stability of rocks or rock structures.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12072209,U21A2043012192211)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(No.A2020210009)the S&T Program of Hebei Province of China(No.225676162GH)。
文摘This paper theoretically studies the axisymmetric frictionless indentation of a transversely isotropic piezoelectric semiconductor(PSC)half-space subject to a rigid flatended cylindrical indenter.The contact area and other surface of the PSC half-space are assumed to be electrically insulating.By the Hankel integral transformation,the problem is reduced to the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind.This equation is solved numerically to obtain the indentation behaviors of the PSC half-space,mainly including the indentation force-depth relation and the electric potential-depth relation.The results show that the effect of the semiconductor property on the indentation responses is limited within a certain range of variation of the steady carrier concentration.The dependence of indentation behavior on material properties is also analyzed by two different kinds of PSCs.Finite element simulations are conducted to verify the results calculated by the integral equation technique,and good agreement is demonstrated.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12272355,1202520411902294)+1 种基金the Opening Foundation of Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing Technology of China(No.XJZZ202304)the Shanxi Provincial Graduate Innovation Project of China(No.2023KY629)。
文摘In the practical environment,it is very common for the simultaneous occurrence of base excitation and crosswind.Scavenging the combined energy of vibration and wind with a single energy harvesting structure is fascinating.For this purpose,the effects of the wind speed and random excitation level are investigated with the stochastic averaging method(SAM)based on the energy envelope.The results of the analytical prediction are verified with the Monte-Carlo method(MCM).The numerical simulation shows that the introduction of wind can reduce the critical excitation level for triggering an inter-well jump and make a bi-stable energy harvester(BEH)realize the performance enhancement for a weak base excitation.However,as the strength of the wind increases to a particular level,the influence of the random base excitation on the dynamic responses is weakened,and the system exhibits a periodic galloping response.A comparison between a BEH and a linear energy harvester(LEH)indicates that the BEH demonstrates inferior performance for high-speed wind.Relevant experiments are conducted to investigate the validity of the theoretical prediction and numerical simulation.The experimental findings also show that strong random excitation is favorable for the BEH in the range of low wind speeds.However,as the speed of the incoming wind is up to a particular level,the disadvantage of the BEH becomes clear and evident.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52075070 and12302254)the Dalian City Supports Innovation and Entrepreneurship Projects for High-Level Talents (No. 2021RD16)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program (No. XLYC2002108)。
文摘The determination of the ultimate load-bearing capacity of structures made of elastoplastic heterogeneous materials under varying loads is of great importance for engineering analysis and design. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately predict the shakedown domains of these materials. The static shakedown theorem, also known as Melan's theorem, is a fundamental method used to predict the shakedown domains of structures and materials. Within this method, a key aspect lies in the construction and application of an appropriate self-equilibrium stress field(SSF). In the structural shakedown analysis, the SSF is typically constructed by governing equations that satisfy no external force(NEF) boundary conditions. However, we discover that directly applying these governing equations is not suitable for the shakedown analysis of heterogeneous materials. Researchers must consider the requirements imposed by the Hill-Mandel condition for boundary conditions and the physical significance of representative volume elements(RVEs). This paper addresses this issue and demonstrates that the sizes of SSFs vary under different boundary conditions, such as uniform displacement boundary conditions(DBCs), uniform traction boundary conditions(TBCs), and periodic boundary conditions(PBCs). As a result, significant discrepancies arise in the predicted shakedown domain sizes of heterogeneous materials. Built on the demonstrated relationship between SSFs under different boundary conditions, this study explores the conservative relationships among different shakedown domains, and provides proof of the relationship between the elastic limit(EL) factors and the shakedown loading factors under the loading domain of two load vertices. By utilizing numerical examples, we highlight the conservatism present in certain results reported in the existing literature. Among the investigated boundary conditions, the obtained shakedown domain is the most conservative under TBCs.Conversely, utilizing PBCs to construct an SSF for the shakedown analysis leads to less conservative lower bounds, indicating that PBCs should be employed as the preferred boundary conditions for the shakedown analysis of heterogeneous materials.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.12072119,12325201,and 52205594)the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents (No.BX20220118)。
文摘Due to the novel applications of flexible pipes conveying fluid in the field of soft robotics and biomedicine,the investigations on the mechanical responses of the pipes have attracted considerable attention.The fluid-structure interaction(FSI)between the pipe with a curved shape and the time-varying internal fluid flow brings a great challenge to the revelation of the dynamical behaviors of flexible pipes,especially when the pipe is highly flexible and usually undergoes large deformations.In this work,the geometrically exact model(GEM)for a curved cantilevered pipe conveying pulsating fluid is developed based on the extended Hamilton's principle.The stability of the curved pipe with three different subtended angles is examined with the consideration of steady fluid flow.Specific attention is concentrated on the large-deformation resonance of circular pipes conveying pulsating fluid,which is often encountered in practical engineering.By constructing bifurcation diagrams,oscillating shapes,phase portraits,time traces,and Poincarémaps,the dynamic responses of the curved pipe under various system parameters are revealed.The mean flow velocity of the pulsating fluid is chosen to be either subcritical or supercritical.The numerical results show that the curved pipe conveying pulsating fluid can exhibit rich dynamical behaviors,including periodic and quasi-periodic motions.It is also found that the preferred instability type of a cantilevered curved pipe conveying steady fluid is mainly in the flutter of the second mode.For a moderate value of the mass ratio,however,a third-mode flutter may occur,which is quite different from that of a straight pipe system.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the support provided by the Postgraduate Research&Practice Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYCX18_0526)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2018B682X14)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021A1515110807).
文摘In the context of global mean square error concerning the number of random variables in the representation,the Karhunen–Loève(KL)expansion is the optimal series expansion method for random field discretization.The computational efficiency and accuracy of the KL expansion are contingent upon the accurate resolution of the Fredholm integral eigenvalue problem(IEVP).The paper proposes an interpolation method based on different interpolation basis functions such as moving least squares(MLS),least squares(LS),and finite element method(FEM)to solve the IEVP.Compared with the Galerkin method based on finite element or Legendre polynomials,the main advantage of the interpolation method is that,in the calculation of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions in one-dimensional random fields,the integral matrix containing covariance function only requires a single integral,which is less than a two-folded integral by the Galerkin method.The effectiveness and computational efficiency of the proposed interpolation method are verified through various one-dimensional examples.Furthermore,based on theKL expansion and polynomial chaos expansion,the stochastic analysis of two-dimensional regular and irregular domains is conducted,and the basis function of the extended finite element method(XFEM)is introduced as the interpolation basis function in two-dimensional irregular domains to solve the IEVP.
基金supported by the University Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.23KJB130004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11932006,U1934206,12172121,12002118).
文摘This study proposes a comprehensive,coupled thermomechanical model that replaces local spatial derivatives in classical differential thermomechanical equations with nonlocal integral forms derived from the peridynamic differential operator(PDDO),eliminating the need for calibration procedures.The model employs a multi-rate explicit time integration scheme to handle varying time scales in multi-physics systems.Through simulations conducted on granite and ceramic materials,this model demonstrates its effectiveness.It successfully simulates thermal damage behavior in granite arising from incompatible mineral expansion and accurately calculates thermal crack propagation in ceramic slabs during quenching.To account for material heterogeneity,the model utilizes the Shuffle algorithm andWeibull distribution,yielding results that align with numerical simulations and experimental observations.This coupled thermomechanical model shows great promise for analyzing intricate thermomechanical phenomena in brittle materials.
基金Project supported by the Key Research Project of Zhejiang Laboratory (No.K2022NB0AC03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11872334)the National Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China (No.LZ23A020004)。
文摘Highly entangled hydrogels exhibit excellent mechanical properties,including high toughness,high stretchability,and low hysteresis.By considering the evolution of randomly distributed entanglements within the polymer network upon mechanical stretches,we develop a constitutive theory to describe the large stretch behaviors of these hydrogels.In the theory,we utilize a representative volume element(RVE)in the shape of a cube,within which there exists an averaged chain segment along each edge and a mobile entanglement at each corner.By employing an explicit method,we decouple the elasticity of the hydrogels from the sliding motion of their entanglements,and derive the stress-stretch relations for these hydrogels.The present theoretical analysis is in agreement with experiment,and highlights the significant influence of the entanglement distribution within the hydrogels on their elasticity.We also implement the present developed constitutive theory into a commercial finite element software,and the subsequent simulations demonstrate that the exact distribution of entanglements strongly affects the mechanical behaviors of the structures of these hydrogels.Overall,the present theory provides valuable insights into the deformation mechanism of highly entangled hydrogels,and can aid in the design of these hydrogels with enhanced performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12102256).
文摘Graphene aerogel(GA),as a novel solid material,has shown great potential in engineering applications due to its unique mechanical properties.In this study,the mechanical performance of GA under high-velocity projectile impacts is thoroughly investigated using full-atomic molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.The study results show that the porous structure and density are key factors determining the mechanical response of GA under impact loading.Specifically,the impact-induced penetration of the projectile leads to the collapse of the pore structure,causing stretching and subsequent rupture of covalent bonds in graphene sheets.Moreover,the effects of temperature on the mechanical performance of GA have been proven to be minimal,thereby highlighting the mechanical stability of GA over a wide range of temperatures.Finally,the energy absorption density(EAD)and energy absorption efficiency(EAE)metrics are adopted to assess the energy absorption capacity of GA during projectile penetration.The research findings of this work demonstrate the significant potential of GA for energy absorption applications.
文摘Laminated composites are widely used in many engineering industries such as aircraft, spacecraft, boat hulls, racing car bodies, and storage tanks. We analyze the 3D deformations of a multilayered, linear elastic, anisotropic rectangular plate subjected to arbitrary boundary conditions on one edge and simply supported on other edge. The rectangular laminate consists of anisotropic and homogeneous laminae of arbitrary thicknesses. This study presents the elastic analysis of laminated composite plates subjected to sinusoidal mechanical loading under arbitrary boundary conditions. Least square finite element solutions for displacements and stresses are investigated using a mathematical model, called a state-space model, which allows us to simultaneously solve for these field variables in the composite structure’s domain and ensure that continuity conditions are satisfied at layer interfaces. The governing equations are derived from this model using a numerical technique called the least-squares finite element method (LSFEM). These LSFEMs seek to minimize the squares of the governing equations and the associated side conditions residuals over the computational domain. The model is comprised of layerwise variables such as displacements, out-of-plane stresses, and in- plane strains, treated as independent variables. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the response of the laminated composite plates under various arbitrary boundary conditions using LSFEM and compared with the 3D elasticity solution available in the literature.
基金The project supported by the Research Grant Committee(RGC)of Hong Kong SARthe National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Provincial Natural Foundation of Jiangxi Province of China
文摘The effects of microstructure and its evolution on the macroscopicsuperelastic stress-strain response of polycrystalline Shape Memory Alloy(SMA)arestudied by a microstructure-based constitutive model developed in this paper.Themodel is established on the following basis:(1)the transformation conditions of theunconstrained single crystal SMA microdomain(to be distinguished from the bulksingle crystal),which serve as the local criterion for the derivation of overall transfor-mation yield conditions of the polycrystal;(2)the micro-to macro-transition schemeby which the connection between the polycrystal aggregates and the single crystalmicrodomain is established and the macroscopic transformation conditions of thepolycrystal SMA are derived;(3)the quantitative incorporation of three microstruc-ture factors(i.e.,nucleation,growth and orientation distribution of martensite)intothe modeling.These microstructural factors are intrinsic of specific polycrystal SMAsystems and the role of each factor in the macroscopic constitutive response is quan-titatively modeled.It is demonstrated that the interplay of these factors will resultin different macroscopic transformation kinematics and kinetics which are responsiblefor the observed macroscopic stress-strain hardening or softening response,the latterwill lead to the localization and propagation of transformation bands in TiNi SMA.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10121202,90305015 and 10328203)the Key Grant Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (0306)+1 种基金the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina(HKU7195/04E)
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 11472186 and 11602083)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (Grant 2016JJ6044)
文摘The mechanical properties of metallic thin films deposited on a substrate play a crucial role in the performance of micro/nano-electromechanical systems(MEMS/NEMS)and flexible electronics. This article reviews ongoing study on the mechanics of substrate-supported thin films, with emphasis on the experimental characterization techniques,such as the rule of mixture and X-ray tensile testing. In particular, the determination of interfacial adhesion energy, film deformation, elastic properties and Bauschinger effect are discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11172149)the financial support from the IBM World Community Grid project "Computing for Clean Water"+2 种基金the Boeing-Tsinghua Joint Research Project "New Air Filtration Materials"grant 2012 from engineering faculty of Monash Universitysupported by an award under the Merit Allocation Scheme on the Australia NCI National Facility at the ANU
文摘Reversible control of surface wettability has wide applications in lab-on-chip systems, tunable optical lenses, and microfluidic tools. Using a graphene sheet as a sample material and molecular dynamic simulations, we demonstrate that strain engineering can serve as an effective way to control the surface wettability. The contact angles θ of water droplets on a graphene vary from 72.5 to 106 under biaxial strains ranging from 10% to 10% that are applied on the graphene layer. For an intrinsic hydrophilic surface (at zero strain), the variation of θ upon the applied strains is more sensitive, i.e., from 0 to 74.8 . Overall the cosines of the contact angles exhibit a linear relation with respect to the strains. In light of the inherent dependence of the contact angle on liquid-solid interfacial energy, we develop an analytic model to show the cos θ as a linear function of the adsorption energy E ads of a single water molecule over the substrate surface. This model agrees with our molecular dynamic results very well. Together with the linear dependence of E ads on biaxial strains, we can thus understand the effect of strains on the surface wettability. Thanks to the ease of reversibly applying mechanical strains in micro/nano-electromechanical systems, we believe that strain engineering can be a promising means to achieve the reversibly control of surface wettability.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10525210 and 10732050) 973 Project (2004CB619303)
基金the financial support received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12272082,11872016)the National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics(JCKYS2021212003).
文摘In this study,we propose the first unified implementation strategy for peridynamics in commercial finite element method(FEM)software packages based on their application programming interface using the peridynamics-based finite element method(PeriFEM).Using ANSYS and ABAQUS as examples,we present the numerical results and implementation details of PeriFEM in commercial FEM software.PeriFEM is a reformulation of the traditional FEM for solving peridynamic equations numerically.It is considered that the non-local features of peridynamics yet possesses the same computational framework as the traditional FEM.Therefore,this implementation benefits from the consistent computational frameworks of both PeriFEM and the traditional FEM.An implicit algorithm is used for both ANSYS and ABAQUS;however,different convergence criteria are adopted owing to their unique features.In ANSYS,APDL enables users to conveniently obtain broken-bond information from UPFs;thus,the convergence criterion is chosen as no new broken bond.In ABAQUS,obtaining broken-bond information is not convenient for users;thus,the default convergence criterion is used in ABAQUS.The codes integrated into ANSYS and ABAQUS are both verified through benchmark examples,and the computational convergence and costs are compared.The results show that,for some specific examples,ABAQUS is more efficient,whereas the convergence criterion adopted in ANSYS is more robust.Finally,3D examples are presented to demonstrate the ability of the proposed approach to deal with complex engineering problems.
文摘A micromechanics analysis on the possibility of designing a two-phasepseudoelastic composite is made for the case where ductile transformable shape mem-ory alloy plastic particles are imbedded coherently in an elastic matrix. It is demon-strated that a pseudoelastic stress-strain loop in a macroscopic loading-unloading cy-cle can be obtained by microscopically stress induced forward and reverse martensitictransformations in the SMA particles. The relation between the macroscopic stress-strain response and the material parameters of the constituents of this composite isquantified through the micromechanics calculations, which reveals that the best duc-tility and thus the greatest energy absorption capacity of this novel microstructurecan be obtained by the optimum material design.
文摘Scientists have increasingly been turning their attentions to searching for inspirations from the splendid living world in order to solve various challenging problems of technologically importance.Rapid advances in observation techniques and computational ability will make it a reality to understand, at different time and space scales,the functions,structures and properties of natural materials as well as the complicated behaviors of swimming,flying and running of animals.In the last decades,much attentions have been attracted on the superior properties and striking abilities of biomaterials and animals.
