Background:In recent years,there has been increased research interest in both smartphone addiction and social media addiction as well as the development of psychometric instruments to assess these constructs.However,t...Background:In recent years,there has been increased research interest in both smartphone addiction and social media addiction as well as the development of psychometric instruments to assess these constructs.However,there is a lack of psychometric evaluation for instruments assessing smartphone addiction and social media addiction in Thailand.The present study evaluated the psychometric properties and gender measurement invariance of the Thai version of the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale(SABAS)and Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale(BSMAS).Method:A total of 801 Thai university students participated in an online survey from January 2022 to July 2022 which included demographic information,SABAS,BSMAS,and the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form(IGDS9-SF).Results:Confirmatory Factor Analyses(CFAs)found that both the SABAS and BSMAS had a one-factor structure.Findings demonstrated adequate psychometric properties of both instruments and also supported measurement invariance across genders.Moreover,scores on the SABAS and BSMAS were correlated with scores on the IGDS9-SF.Conclusion:The results indicated that the SABAS and BSMAS are useful psychometric instruments for assessing the risk of smartphone addiction and social media addiction among Thai young adults.展开更多
This study analyzes the sample influx (samples per case file) into forensic science laboratory (FSL) and the corresponding analysis costs and uses arbitrary re-sampling plans to establish the minimum cost function. Th...This study analyzes the sample influx (samples per case file) into forensic science laboratory (FSL) and the corresponding analysis costs and uses arbitrary re-sampling plans to establish the minimum cost function. The demand for forensic analysis increased for all disciplines, especially biology/DNA between 2014 and 2015. While the average distribution of case files was about 42.5%, 40.6% and 17% for the three disciplines, the distribution of samples was rather different being 12%, 82.5% and 5.5% for samples requiring forensic biology, chemistry and toxicology analysis, respectively. Results show that most of the analysis workload was on forensic chemistry analysis. The cost of analysis for case files and the corresponding sample influx varied in the ratio of 35:6:1 and 28:12:1 for forensic chemistry, biology/DNA and toxicology for year 2014 for 2015, respectively. In the two consecutive years, the cost for forensic chemistry analysis was comparatively very high, necessitating re-sampling. The time series of sample influx in all disciplines are strongly stochastic, with higher magnitude for chemistry, biology/DNA and toxicology, in this order. The PDFs of sample influx data are highly skewed to the right, especially forensic toxicology and biology/DNA with peaks at 1 and 3 samples per case file. The arbitrary re-sampling plans were best suited to forensic chemistry case files (where re-sampling conditions apply). The locus of arbitrary number of samples to take from the submitted forensic samples was used to establish the minimum and scientifically acceptable samples by applying minimization function developed in this paper. The cost minimization function was also developed based on the average cost per sample and choice of re-sampling plans depending on the range of sample influx, from which the savings were determined and maximized. Thus, the study gives a forensic scientist a business model and scientific decision making tool on minimum number of samples to analyze focusing on savings on analysis cost.展开更多
AIM: To demonstrate the potential of using 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid(ATCA) as a novel biomarker/forensic biomarker for cyanide poisoning. METHODS: A sensitive method was developed and employed for the identi...AIM: To demonstrate the potential of using 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid(ATCA) as a novel biomarker/forensic biomarker for cyanide poisoning. METHODS: A sensitive method was developed and employed for the identification and quantification of ATCA in biological samples, where the sample extraction and clean up were achieved by solid phase extraction(SPE). After optimization of SPE procedures, ATCA was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry. ATCA levels following the administration of different doses of potassium cyanide(KCN) to mice were measured and compared to endogenous ATCA levels in order to study the significance of using ATCA as a biomarker for cyanide poisoning.RESULTS: A custom made analytical method was established for a new(mice) model when animals were exposed to increasing KCN doses. The application of this method provided important new information on ATCA as a potential cyanide biomarker. ATCA concentration in mice plasma samples were increased from 189 ± 28 ng/mL(n = 3) to 413 ± 66 ng/mL(n = 3) following a 10 mg/kg body weight dose of KCN introduced subcutaneously. The sensitivity of this analytical method proved to be a tool for measuring endogenous level of ATCA in mice organs as follows: 1.2 ± 0.1 μg/g for kidney samples, 1.6 ± 0.1 μg/g for brain samples, 1.8 ± 0.2 μg/g for lung samples, 2.9 ± 0.1 μg/g for heart samples, and 3.6 ± 0.9 μg/g for liver samples. CONCLUSION: This finding suggests that ATCA has the potential to serve as a plasma biomarker / forensic biomarker for cyanide poisoning.展开更多
This paper analyzes the effect of subgroup size on the x-bar chart characteristics using sample influx (SIF) into forensic science laboratory (FSL). The characteristics studied include changes in out-or-control points...This paper analyzes the effect of subgroup size on the x-bar chart characteristics using sample influx (SIF) into forensic science laboratory (FSL). The characteristics studied include changes in out-or-control points (OCP), upper control limit UCLx, and zonal demarcations. Multi-rules were used to identify the number of out-of-control-points, Nocp as violations using five control chart rules applied separately. A sensitivity analysis on the Nocp was applied for subgroup size, k, and number of sigma above the mean value to determine the upper control limit, UCLx. A computer code was implemented using a FORTRAN code to create x-bar control-charts and capture OCP and other control-chart characteristics with increasing k from 2 to 25. For each value of k, a complete series of average values, Q(p), of specific length, Nsg, was created from which statistical analysis was conducted and compared to the original SIF data, S(t). The variation of number of out-of-control points or violations, Nocp, for different control-charts rules with increasing k was determined to follow a decaying exponential function, Nocp = Ae–α, for which, the goodness of fit was established, and the R2 value approached unity for Rule #4 and #5 only. The goodness of fit was established to be the new criteria for rational subgroup-size range, for Rules #5 and #4 only, which involve a count of 6 consecutive points decreasing and 8 consecutive points above the selected control limit (σ/3 above the grand mean), respectively. Using this criterion, the rational subgroup range was established to be 4 ≤ k ≤ 20 for the two x-bar control chart rules.展开更多
A quantitative structure-retention relationship(QSRR) study has been carried out on the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) system retention time(RT) of two sets of illicit drugs by using molecular structural d...A quantitative structure-retention relationship(QSRR) study has been carried out on the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) system retention time(RT) of two sets of illicit drugs by using molecular structural descriptors.Heuristic method(HM) was utilized to construct the linear models.Appropriate models with low standard errors and high correlation coefficients were obtained(R2=0.9873,F=390.18 for data set 1 and R2=0.9881,F=749.13 for data set 2).The results of leave-one-out cross validation showed good predictive ability of these proposed models(R c2v= 0.9812 and R c2v= 0.9824,respectively).Each molecular descriptor in the two models was disputed to unfold the relationship between the molecular structures and RT.展开更多
The Ni(II) complex with ligand 2-N-(2-hydroxy-benzylidene) furanmethano- amine has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the monoclinic s...The Ni(II) complex with ligand 2-N-(2-hydroxy-benzylidene) furanmethano- amine has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 2.0280(4), b = 0.57700(12), c = 1.7340(4) nm, β = 94.74(3)°, Z = 4, Dc = 1.508 g/cm3, the final R = 0.0434 and wR = 0.1112 for 1843 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). X-ray analysis revealed that the Ni(II) ion is coordinated by two nitrogen atoms of Schiff base and two oxygen atoms of salicylaldehyde in the equatorial plane, and the coordination geometry can be described as a square.展开更多
Objective To study the genetic relationship between Kirgiz individuals living in Sinkiang China and analyze the difference among Kirgiz and the other population with STR polymorphisms.Methods PCR amplification was per...Objective To study the genetic relationship between Kirgiz individuals living in Sinkiang China and analyze the difference among Kirgiz and the other population with STR polymorphisms.Methods PCR amplification was performed using PE9700,the PCR products were typed by automated sequencer and genescan.Results A database of nine STR loci of Kirgiz was established.It shows there are at least 73 STR alleles and 191 genotypes in Kirgiz.Genotype frequencies distribution showed no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by χ2-test.Kirgiz was compared with the other Chinese ethnic groups,then the American Black and the White.Conclusion These results suggested that the nine STR loci and Amelogenin locus were very useful in human identification,biological archaeology and gene resource studies.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of inhibition of calpain on retinal ganglion cell-5(RGC-5) necroptosis following oxygen glucose deprivation(OGD). RGC-5 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's-mod...The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of inhibition of calpain on retinal ganglion cell-5(RGC-5) necroptosis following oxygen glucose deprivation(OGD). RGC-5 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's-modified essential medium and necroptosis was induced by 8-h OGD. PI staining and flow cytometry were performed to detect RGC-5 necrosis. The calpain expression was detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. The calpain activity was tested by activity detection kit. Flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of calpain on RGC-5 necroptosis following OGD with or without N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal(ALLN) pre-treatment. Western blot was used to detect the protein level of truncated apoptosis inducing factor(t AIF) in RGC-5 cells following OGD. The results showed that there was an up-regulation of the calpain expression and activity following OGD. Upon adding ALLN, the calpain activity was inhibited and t AIF was reduced following OGD along with the decreased number of RGC-5 necroptosis. In conclusion, calpain was involved in OGD-induced RGC-5 necroptosis with the increased expression of its downstream molecule t AIF.展开更多
A simple but effective doping method, immersion method, was presented. Rare earth complexes [Na3Tb(DPA)3·9H2O and Na3Eu(DPA)3·9H2O] were introduced into porous silicon (PS), where H2DPA is 2,6-dicarboxy pyri...A simple but effective doping method, immersion method, was presented. Rare earth complexes [Na3Tb(DPA)3·9H2O and Na3Eu(DPA)3·9H2O] were introduced into porous silicon (PS), where H2DPA is 2,6-dicarboxy pyridine acid. Rare earths were proved to dope into PS effectively by photoluminescence (PL) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). And the prepared hybrid samples of PS/RE were found to emit intense room-temperature red and green luminescence while the luminescence of porous silicon are almost thoroughly quenched.展开更多
We analyzed the two hypervariable segments HVS-I and HVS-II of 108 Chinese Tu ethnic minority group samples for forensic and population genetics purposes. Comparing with Anderson sequence, 79 polymorphic loci in HVS-I...We analyzed the two hypervariable segments HVS-I and HVS-II of 108 Chinese Tu ethnic minority group samples for forensic and population genetics purposes. Comparing with Anderson sequence, 79 polymorphic loci in HVS-I and 40 in HVS-II were found in Chi-nese Tu ethnic minority group mtDNA sequences, and 90 and 64 haplotypes were then defined. Haplotype diversity and the mean pair-wise differences were 0.9903±0.0013 and 5.7785 in HVS-I, and 0.9777±0.0013 and 3.5819 in HVS-II, respectively. By analyzing the hypervariable domain from nucleotide 1,6180 to 1,6193 in HVS-I, we defined some new types of sequence variations. We also compared the relationship between Tu population and other populations using mtDNA HVS-I sequences. According to Rst genetic distances, the phylogenetic tree showed that the Tu population, the Xi'an Han population, the Chinese Korean, and the Mongol ethnic group were in a clade. This indicated a close genetic relationship between them. There were far relations between the Tu population and other Chinese southern Han populations, Siberian, European, African, and other foreign populations. The results suggest that Tu population has a multi-origin and has also merged with other local populations.展开更多
Objective To investigate HLA-A,-B and -DRB1 allele and HLA-A-B-DRB1 haplotype frequencies in Mongolia ethnic group. Methods HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 allele and haplotype in the Mongolia ethnic group were investigated based on...Objective To investigate HLA-A,-B and -DRB1 allele and HLA-A-B-DRB1 haplotype frequencies in Mongolia ethnic group. Methods HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 allele and haplotype in the Mongolia ethnic group were investigated based on 93 individuals by PCR- sequence-based typing (SBT) method. Results Twenty-one alleles were detected for HLA-A, 44 for HLA-B, and 26 for HLA-DRB1. The most frequent alleles were HLA-A*2402(0.2097), HLA-B*1302(0.0699), and HLA-DRB1*0701(0.1237). The most common HLA-A-B-DRB1 haplotype were A*3001-B*1302-DRB1*0701, A*0101-B*3701-DRB1*1001, followed by the A*0201-B*4601-DRB1*0901, A*2402-B*4801-DRB1*1101, A*2402-B*5201-DRB1*1501, A*3201-B*3503-DRB1*1301, and A*3303-B*5801-DRB1*0301, which were also presented in Chinese populations. Conclusion The data can be used in forensic and paternity tests to estimate the frequency of a DNA profile or anthropologic research. The characteristics of the distribution of HLA alleles revealed that Mongolia ethnic group is characterized by northern Mongolian Chinese.展开更多
The prediction of human diseases,particularly COVID-19,is an extremely challenging task not only for medical experts but also for the technologists supporting them in diagnosis and treatment.To deal with the predictio...The prediction of human diseases,particularly COVID-19,is an extremely challenging task not only for medical experts but also for the technologists supporting them in diagnosis and treatment.To deal with the prediction and diagnosis of COVID-19,we propose an Internet of Medical Things-based Smart Monitoring Hierarchical Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System(IoMTSM-HMFIS).The proposed system determines the various factors like fever,cough,complete blood count,respiratory rate,Ct-chest,Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein,family history,and antibody detection(lgG)that are directly involved in COVID-19.The expert system has two input variables in layer 1,and seven input variables in layer 2.In layer 1,the initial identification for COVID-19 is considered,whereas in layer 2,the different factors involved are studied.Finally,advanced lab tests are conducted to identify the actual current status of the disease.The major focus of this study is to build an IoMT-based smart monitoring system that can be used by anyone exposed to COVID-19;the system would evaluate the user’s health condition and inform them if they need consultation with a specialist for quarantining.MATLAB-2019a tool is used to conduct the simulation.The COVID-19 IoMTSM-HMFIS system has an overall accuracy of approximately 83%.Finally,to achieve improved performance,the analysis results of the system were shared with experts of the Lahore General Hospital,Lahore,Pakistan.展开更多
Novel Coronavirus-19(COVID-19)is a newer type of coronavirus that has not been formally detected in humans.It is established that this disease often affects people of different age groups,particularly those with body ...Novel Coronavirus-19(COVID-19)is a newer type of coronavirus that has not been formally detected in humans.It is established that this disease often affects people of different age groups,particularly those with body disorders,blood pressure,diabetes,heart problems,or weakened immune systems.The epidemic of this infection has recently had a huge impact on people around the globe with rising mortality rates.Rising levels of mortality are attributed to their transmitting behavior through physical contact between humans.It is extremely necessary to monitor the transmission of the infection and also to anticipate the early stages of the disease in such a way that the appropriate timing of effective precautionary measures can be taken.The latest global coronavirus epidemic(COVID-19)has brought new challenges to the scientific community.Artificial Intelligence(AI)-motivated methodologies may be useful in predicting the conditions,consequences,and implications of such an outbreak.These forecasts may help to monitor and prevent the spread of these outbreaks.This article proposes a predictive framework incorporating Support Vector Machines(SVM)in the forecasting of a potential outbreak of COVID-19.The findings indicate that the suggested system outperforms cutting-edge approaches.The method could be used to predict the long-term spread of such an outbreak so that we can implement proactive measures in advance.The findings of the analyses indicate that the SVM forecasting framework outperformed the Neural Network methods in terms of accuracy and computational complexity.The proposed SVM system model exhibits 98.88%and 96.79%result in terms of accuracy during training and validation respectively.展开更多
Methamphetamine(METH)is one of the most widely abused synthetic drugs in the world,with the abuser present hyperthermia(HT)and psychiatric symptoms.However,the mechanism involved in METH/HT-induced neurotoxicity remai...Methamphetamine(METH)is one of the most widely abused synthetic drugs in the world,with the abuser present hyperthermia(HT)and psychiatric symptoms.However,the mechanism involved in METH/HT-induced neurotoxicity remains elusive.Here,we investigated the role of heat shock protein 90 alpha(HSP90a)in METH/HT(39.5C)-induced necroptosis in rat striatum neurons and rat in vivo model.Western blot showed that the expression of HSP90a increased,and HSP90a specific inhibitor geldanamycin(GA)and shRNA of HSP90a could attenuate METH/HT-induced upregulation of receptor interacting protein 3(RIP3),pRIP3,mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(MLKL)and pMLKL in cultured striatum neurons and in vivo model.Propidium iodide staining and lactate dehydrogenase assay results showed that METH/HT-induced necroptosis is partially inhibited by both necrostain-1,GA and shRNA of HSP90a in vitro and in vivo model.展开更多
Fire effluents, in most cases, have an adverse effect on human health and the environment. Exposure to some compounds may show both acute and chronic toxicity. There is a lack of knowledge on the effect of organic pro...Fire effluents, in most cases, have an adverse effect on human health and the environment. Exposure to some compounds may show both acute and chronic toxicity. There is a lack of knowledge on the effect of organic products on the human body in terms of the rate of organic material production in fires and their degree of toxicity. Thus, there is a need to expand the scope of studies about the organic products generated from fires and improve the methods of assessment to be included as part of fire hazard assessment. Different factors can be contributed to this lack of knowledge. For example, the composition of organic products generated from fires changes progressively and rapidly with progression of combustion and in a manner that is dependent on the fire condition. It is difficult to identify individual organic compounds produced during combustion. Another key factor is the lack of suitable instruments for measuring organic products generated from a fire. Also, the lack of procedures that are used to evaluate the lethal concentration limits and the lethal dose for a broad range of organic compounds generated from a fire may be another important factor which can be contributed to this lack of knowledge.展开更多
Date Rape Drugs are the members of tranquilizers and sedative class of drugs.These are the substances that make it easier for someone to rape or assault sexually.The person who is administrated by these drugs can caus...Date Rape Drugs are the members of tranquilizers and sedative class of drugs.These are the substances that make it easier for someone to rape or assault sexually.The person who is administrated by these drugs can cause sleepiness,slow breathing,slow heartbeat rate,trouble in muscle coordination,loss of consciousness.GHB(gamma-hydroxybutyric acid),Rohypnol(flunitrazepam),Ketamine are generally considered as date rape drugs.As Food and Drug Administration Department of Central Government of India considered this issue and placed these drugs under the schedule of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act.Thereafter it is nearly impossible to get these drugs easily.But criminals have been searched new way through it.Normal tranquilizers and sedatives are also being used for committing such crimes.These drugs are also scheduled,but one can get them with prescription from a registered medical practitioner.So we carried out a comparative study of 3 tranquilizers from the benzodiazepine class that are Diazepam,Alprazolam,and Librium to check their dissolving rate in stomach acid.Estimation of action time of drug can help an investigator to identify the class of drug and time of drug injected(early phase).In our study,we found that the dissolving period of Diazepam and Alprazolam is more than conventional drugs.展开更多
Breast cancer(BC)is the most widespread tumor in females worldwide and is a severe public health issue.BC is the leading reason of death affecting females between the ages of 20 to 59 around the world.Early detection ...Breast cancer(BC)is the most widespread tumor in females worldwide and is a severe public health issue.BC is the leading reason of death affecting females between the ages of 20 to 59 around the world.Early detection and therapy can help women receive effective treatment and,as a result,decrease the rate of breast cancer disease.The cancer tumor develops when cells grow improperly and attack the healthy tissue in the human body.Tumors are classified as benign or malignant,and the absence of cancer in the breast is considered normal.Deep learning,machine learning,and transfer learning models are applied to detect and identify cancerous tissue like BC.This research assists in the identification and classification of BC.We implemented the pre-trained model AlexNet and proposed model Breast cancer identification and classification(BCIC),which are machine learning-based models,by evaluating them in the form of comparative research.We used 3 datasets,A,B,and C.We fuzzed these datasets and got 2 datasets,A2C and B3C.Dataset A2C is the fusion of A,B,and C with 2 classes categorized as benign and malignant.Dataset B3C is the fusion of datasets A,B,and C with 3 classes classified as benign,malignant,and normal.We used customized AlexNet according to our datasets and BCIC in our proposed model.We achieved an accuracy of 86.5%on Dataset B3C and 76.8%on Dataset A2C by using AlexNet,and we achieved the optimum accuracy of 94.5%on Dataset B3C and 94.9%on Dataset A2C by using proposed model BCIC at 40 epochs with 0.00008 learning rate.We proposed fuzzed dataset model using transfer learning.We fuzzed three datasets to get more accurate results and the proposed model achieved the highest prediction accuracy using fuzzed dataset transfer learning technique.展开更多
Plants are vital to the survival of life on e arth and have enormous implications for both the environment and human well-being.Plants carr y both medicinal and toxic properties.The plants were used by people traditio...Plants are vital to the survival of life on e arth and have enormous implications for both the environment and human well-being.Plants carr y both medicinal and toxic properties.The plants were used by people traditionally for medicinal purposes.But people were not aware of the concentration of the dose s.So,excessive quantity of dose s may lead to severe toxic effects on the human body.This topic discusses the potential hazards of toxic plants on human health.There are many plants around the world that can cause adverse effects,ranging from mild irritation to severe organ damage or death.This review focuses on the plants which are available locally used as medicines carrying toxic properties too.It is essential to learn to recognize them and avoid touching or ingesting them.If exposure does occur,prompt medical attention is necessary.Understanding the risks associated with toxic plants can help individuals take the necessary precautions to protect their health.展开更多
基金This research was funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology,Taiwan(MOST 110-2410-H-006-115)the Higher Education Sprout Project,Ministry of Education to the Headquarters of University Advancement at National Cheng Kung University(NCKU)the 2021 Southeast and South Asia and Taiwan Universities Joint Research Scheme(NCKU 31),and the E-Da Hospital(EDAHC111004).
文摘Background:In recent years,there has been increased research interest in both smartphone addiction and social media addiction as well as the development of psychometric instruments to assess these constructs.However,there is a lack of psychometric evaluation for instruments assessing smartphone addiction and social media addiction in Thailand.The present study evaluated the psychometric properties and gender measurement invariance of the Thai version of the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale(SABAS)and Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale(BSMAS).Method:A total of 801 Thai university students participated in an online survey from January 2022 to July 2022 which included demographic information,SABAS,BSMAS,and the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form(IGDS9-SF).Results:Confirmatory Factor Analyses(CFAs)found that both the SABAS and BSMAS had a one-factor structure.Findings demonstrated adequate psychometric properties of both instruments and also supported measurement invariance across genders.Moreover,scores on the SABAS and BSMAS were correlated with scores on the IGDS9-SF.Conclusion:The results indicated that the SABAS and BSMAS are useful psychometric instruments for assessing the risk of smartphone addiction and social media addiction among Thai young adults.
文摘This study analyzes the sample influx (samples per case file) into forensic science laboratory (FSL) and the corresponding analysis costs and uses arbitrary re-sampling plans to establish the minimum cost function. The demand for forensic analysis increased for all disciplines, especially biology/DNA between 2014 and 2015. While the average distribution of case files was about 42.5%, 40.6% and 17% for the three disciplines, the distribution of samples was rather different being 12%, 82.5% and 5.5% for samples requiring forensic biology, chemistry and toxicology analysis, respectively. Results show that most of the analysis workload was on forensic chemistry analysis. The cost of analysis for case files and the corresponding sample influx varied in the ratio of 35:6:1 and 28:12:1 for forensic chemistry, biology/DNA and toxicology for year 2014 for 2015, respectively. In the two consecutive years, the cost for forensic chemistry analysis was comparatively very high, necessitating re-sampling. The time series of sample influx in all disciplines are strongly stochastic, with higher magnitude for chemistry, biology/DNA and toxicology, in this order. The PDFs of sample influx data are highly skewed to the right, especially forensic toxicology and biology/DNA with peaks at 1 and 3 samples per case file. The arbitrary re-sampling plans were best suited to forensic chemistry case files (where re-sampling conditions apply). The locus of arbitrary number of samples to take from the submitted forensic samples was used to establish the minimum and scientifically acceptable samples by applying minimization function developed in this paper. The cost minimization function was also developed based on the average cost per sample and choice of re-sampling plans depending on the range of sample influx, from which the savings were determined and maximized. Thus, the study gives a forensic scientist a business model and scientific decision making tool on minimum number of samples to analyze focusing on savings on analysis cost.
基金Supported by NIH:NIAID/USAMRICD Interagency Agreements(W911NF-07-D-0001)the USAMRICD under the auspices of the US Army Research Office Scientific Services Program administered by Battelle(Delivery order 0557,Contract No TCN 08284)the Robert A.Welch Foundation at Sam Houston State University,Huntsville,TX,United States
文摘AIM: To demonstrate the potential of using 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid(ATCA) as a novel biomarker/forensic biomarker for cyanide poisoning. METHODS: A sensitive method was developed and employed for the identification and quantification of ATCA in biological samples, where the sample extraction and clean up were achieved by solid phase extraction(SPE). After optimization of SPE procedures, ATCA was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry. ATCA levels following the administration of different doses of potassium cyanide(KCN) to mice were measured and compared to endogenous ATCA levels in order to study the significance of using ATCA as a biomarker for cyanide poisoning.RESULTS: A custom made analytical method was established for a new(mice) model when animals were exposed to increasing KCN doses. The application of this method provided important new information on ATCA as a potential cyanide biomarker. ATCA concentration in mice plasma samples were increased from 189 ± 28 ng/mL(n = 3) to 413 ± 66 ng/mL(n = 3) following a 10 mg/kg body weight dose of KCN introduced subcutaneously. The sensitivity of this analytical method proved to be a tool for measuring endogenous level of ATCA in mice organs as follows: 1.2 ± 0.1 μg/g for kidney samples, 1.6 ± 0.1 μg/g for brain samples, 1.8 ± 0.2 μg/g for lung samples, 2.9 ± 0.1 μg/g for heart samples, and 3.6 ± 0.9 μg/g for liver samples. CONCLUSION: This finding suggests that ATCA has the potential to serve as a plasma biomarker / forensic biomarker for cyanide poisoning.
文摘This paper analyzes the effect of subgroup size on the x-bar chart characteristics using sample influx (SIF) into forensic science laboratory (FSL). The characteristics studied include changes in out-or-control points (OCP), upper control limit UCLx, and zonal demarcations. Multi-rules were used to identify the number of out-of-control-points, Nocp as violations using five control chart rules applied separately. A sensitivity analysis on the Nocp was applied for subgroup size, k, and number of sigma above the mean value to determine the upper control limit, UCLx. A computer code was implemented using a FORTRAN code to create x-bar control-charts and capture OCP and other control-chart characteristics with increasing k from 2 to 25. For each value of k, a complete series of average values, Q(p), of specific length, Nsg, was created from which statistical analysis was conducted and compared to the original SIF data, S(t). The variation of number of out-of-control points or violations, Nocp, for different control-charts rules with increasing k was determined to follow a decaying exponential function, Nocp = Ae–α, for which, the goodness of fit was established, and the R2 value approached unity for Rule #4 and #5 only. The goodness of fit was established to be the new criteria for rational subgroup-size range, for Rules #5 and #4 only, which involve a count of 6 consecutive points decreasing and 8 consecutive points above the selected control limit (σ/3 above the grand mean), respectively. Using this criterion, the rational subgroup range was established to be 4 ≤ k ≤ 20 for the two x-bar control chart rules.
基金supported by the key program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 90612016)
文摘A quantitative structure-retention relationship(QSRR) study has been carried out on the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) system retention time(RT) of two sets of illicit drugs by using molecular structural descriptors.Heuristic method(HM) was utilized to construct the linear models.Appropriate models with low standard errors and high correlation coefficients were obtained(R2=0.9873,F=390.18 for data set 1 and R2=0.9881,F=749.13 for data set 2).The results of leave-one-out cross validation showed good predictive ability of these proposed models(R c2v= 0.9812 and R c2v= 0.9824,respectively).Each molecular descriptor in the two models was disputed to unfold the relationship between the molecular structures and RT.
文摘The Ni(II) complex with ligand 2-N-(2-hydroxy-benzylidene) furanmethano- amine has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 2.0280(4), b = 0.57700(12), c = 1.7340(4) nm, β = 94.74(3)°, Z = 4, Dc = 1.508 g/cm3, the final R = 0.0434 and wR = 0.1112 for 1843 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). X-ray analysis revealed that the Ni(II) ion is coordinated by two nitrogen atoms of Schiff base and two oxygen atoms of salicylaldehyde in the equatorial plane, and the coordination geometry can be described as a square.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.39940401).
文摘Objective To study the genetic relationship between Kirgiz individuals living in Sinkiang China and analyze the difference among Kirgiz and the other population with STR polymorphisms.Methods PCR amplification was performed using PE9700,the PCR products were typed by automated sequencer and genescan.Results A database of nine STR loci of Kirgiz was established.It shows there are at least 73 STR alleles and 191 genotypes in Kirgiz.Genotype frequencies distribution showed no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by χ2-test.Kirgiz was compared with the other Chinese ethnic groups,then the American Black and the White.Conclusion These results suggested that the nine STR loci and Amelogenin locus were very useful in human identification,biological archaeology and gene resource studies.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81371011,and No.81571939)Wu Jie-Ping Medical Foundation of the Minister of Health of China(No.320.6750.14118)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2015JJ2187)Teacher Research Foundation of Central South University(No.2014JSJJ026)Science Foundation for the Youth Scholars of Central South University(No.120973)Project of Innovation-driven Plan of Central South University(No.2015CXS022)
文摘The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of inhibition of calpain on retinal ganglion cell-5(RGC-5) necroptosis following oxygen glucose deprivation(OGD). RGC-5 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's-modified essential medium and necroptosis was induced by 8-h OGD. PI staining and flow cytometry were performed to detect RGC-5 necrosis. The calpain expression was detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. The calpain activity was tested by activity detection kit. Flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of calpain on RGC-5 necroptosis following OGD with or without N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal(ALLN) pre-treatment. Western blot was used to detect the protein level of truncated apoptosis inducing factor(t AIF) in RGC-5 cells following OGD. The results showed that there was an up-regulation of the calpain expression and activity following OGD. Upon adding ALLN, the calpain activity was inhibited and t AIF was reduced following OGD along with the decreased number of RGC-5 necroptosis. In conclusion, calpain was involved in OGD-induced RGC-5 necroptosis with the increased expression of its downstream molecule t AIF.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundations of Guangdong Province (No. 06300901),Chinathe Application and Innovation Project of Ministry of Public Security, China(No.2007 YYCXUDST 076)
文摘A simple but effective doping method, immersion method, was presented. Rare earth complexes [Na3Tb(DPA)3·9H2O and Na3Eu(DPA)3·9H2O] were introduced into porous silicon (PS), where H2DPA is 2,6-dicarboxy pyridine acid. Rare earths were proved to dope into PS effectively by photoluminescence (PL) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). And the prepared hybrid samples of PS/RE were found to emit intense room-temperature red and green luminescence while the luminescence of porous silicon are almost thoroughly quenched.
文摘We analyzed the two hypervariable segments HVS-I and HVS-II of 108 Chinese Tu ethnic minority group samples for forensic and population genetics purposes. Comparing with Anderson sequence, 79 polymorphic loci in HVS-I and 40 in HVS-II were found in Chi-nese Tu ethnic minority group mtDNA sequences, and 90 and 64 haplotypes were then defined. Haplotype diversity and the mean pair-wise differences were 0.9903±0.0013 and 5.7785 in HVS-I, and 0.9777±0.0013 and 3.5819 in HVS-II, respectively. By analyzing the hypervariable domain from nucleotide 1,6180 to 1,6193 in HVS-I, we defined some new types of sequence variations. We also compared the relationship between Tu population and other populations using mtDNA HVS-I sequences. According to Rst genetic distances, the phylogenetic tree showed that the Tu population, the Xi'an Han population, the Chinese Korean, and the Mongol ethnic group were in a clade. This indicated a close genetic relationship between them. There were far relations between the Tu population and other Chinese southern Han populations, Siberian, European, African, and other foreign populations. The results suggest that Tu population has a multi-origin and has also merged with other local populations.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.39970401)
文摘Objective To investigate HLA-A,-B and -DRB1 allele and HLA-A-B-DRB1 haplotype frequencies in Mongolia ethnic group. Methods HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 allele and haplotype in the Mongolia ethnic group were investigated based on 93 individuals by PCR- sequence-based typing (SBT) method. Results Twenty-one alleles were detected for HLA-A, 44 for HLA-B, and 26 for HLA-DRB1. The most frequent alleles were HLA-A*2402(0.2097), HLA-B*1302(0.0699), and HLA-DRB1*0701(0.1237). The most common HLA-A-B-DRB1 haplotype were A*3001-B*1302-DRB1*0701, A*0101-B*3701-DRB1*1001, followed by the A*0201-B*4601-DRB1*0901, A*2402-B*4801-DRB1*1101, A*2402-B*5201-DRB1*1501, A*3201-B*3503-DRB1*1301, and A*3303-B*5801-DRB1*0301, which were also presented in Chinese populations. Conclusion The data can be used in forensic and paternity tests to estimate the frequency of a DNA profile or anthropologic research. The characteristics of the distribution of HLA alleles revealed that Mongolia ethnic group is characterized by northern Mongolian Chinese.
文摘The prediction of human diseases,particularly COVID-19,is an extremely challenging task not only for medical experts but also for the technologists supporting them in diagnosis and treatment.To deal with the prediction and diagnosis of COVID-19,we propose an Internet of Medical Things-based Smart Monitoring Hierarchical Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System(IoMTSM-HMFIS).The proposed system determines the various factors like fever,cough,complete blood count,respiratory rate,Ct-chest,Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein,family history,and antibody detection(lgG)that are directly involved in COVID-19.The expert system has two input variables in layer 1,and seven input variables in layer 2.In layer 1,the initial identification for COVID-19 is considered,whereas in layer 2,the different factors involved are studied.Finally,advanced lab tests are conducted to identify the actual current status of the disease.The major focus of this study is to build an IoMT-based smart monitoring system that can be used by anyone exposed to COVID-19;the system would evaluate the user’s health condition and inform them if they need consultation with a specialist for quarantining.MATLAB-2019a tool is used to conduct the simulation.The COVID-19 IoMTSM-HMFIS system has an overall accuracy of approximately 83%.Finally,to achieve improved performance,the analysis results of the system were shared with experts of the Lahore General Hospital,Lahore,Pakistan.
文摘Novel Coronavirus-19(COVID-19)is a newer type of coronavirus that has not been formally detected in humans.It is established that this disease often affects people of different age groups,particularly those with body disorders,blood pressure,diabetes,heart problems,or weakened immune systems.The epidemic of this infection has recently had a huge impact on people around the globe with rising mortality rates.Rising levels of mortality are attributed to their transmitting behavior through physical contact between humans.It is extremely necessary to monitor the transmission of the infection and also to anticipate the early stages of the disease in such a way that the appropriate timing of effective precautionary measures can be taken.The latest global coronavirus epidemic(COVID-19)has brought new challenges to the scientific community.Artificial Intelligence(AI)-motivated methodologies may be useful in predicting the conditions,consequences,and implications of such an outbreak.These forecasts may help to monitor and prevent the spread of these outbreaks.This article proposes a predictive framework incorporating Support Vector Machines(SVM)in the forecasting of a potential outbreak of COVID-19.The findings indicate that the suggested system outperforms cutting-edge approaches.The method could be used to predict the long-term spread of such an outbreak so that we can implement proactive measures in advance.The findings of the analyses indicate that the SVM forecasting framework outperformed the Neural Network methods in terms of accuracy and computational complexity.The proposed SVM system model exhibits 98.88%and 96.79%result in terms of accuracy during training and validation respectively.
文摘Methamphetamine(METH)is one of the most widely abused synthetic drugs in the world,with the abuser present hyperthermia(HT)and psychiatric symptoms.However,the mechanism involved in METH/HT-induced neurotoxicity remains elusive.Here,we investigated the role of heat shock protein 90 alpha(HSP90a)in METH/HT(39.5C)-induced necroptosis in rat striatum neurons and rat in vivo model.Western blot showed that the expression of HSP90a increased,and HSP90a specific inhibitor geldanamycin(GA)and shRNA of HSP90a could attenuate METH/HT-induced upregulation of receptor interacting protein 3(RIP3),pRIP3,mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(MLKL)and pMLKL in cultured striatum neurons and in vivo model.Propidium iodide staining and lactate dehydrogenase assay results showed that METH/HT-induced necroptosis is partially inhibited by both necrostain-1,GA and shRNA of HSP90a in vitro and in vivo model.
文摘Fire effluents, in most cases, have an adverse effect on human health and the environment. Exposure to some compounds may show both acute and chronic toxicity. There is a lack of knowledge on the effect of organic products on the human body in terms of the rate of organic material production in fires and their degree of toxicity. Thus, there is a need to expand the scope of studies about the organic products generated from fires and improve the methods of assessment to be included as part of fire hazard assessment. Different factors can be contributed to this lack of knowledge. For example, the composition of organic products generated from fires changes progressively and rapidly with progression of combustion and in a manner that is dependent on the fire condition. It is difficult to identify individual organic compounds produced during combustion. Another key factor is the lack of suitable instruments for measuring organic products generated from a fire. Also, the lack of procedures that are used to evaluate the lethal concentration limits and the lethal dose for a broad range of organic compounds generated from a fire may be another important factor which can be contributed to this lack of knowledge.
文摘Date Rape Drugs are the members of tranquilizers and sedative class of drugs.These are the substances that make it easier for someone to rape or assault sexually.The person who is administrated by these drugs can cause sleepiness,slow breathing,slow heartbeat rate,trouble in muscle coordination,loss of consciousness.GHB(gamma-hydroxybutyric acid),Rohypnol(flunitrazepam),Ketamine are generally considered as date rape drugs.As Food and Drug Administration Department of Central Government of India considered this issue and placed these drugs under the schedule of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act.Thereafter it is nearly impossible to get these drugs easily.But criminals have been searched new way through it.Normal tranquilizers and sedatives are also being used for committing such crimes.These drugs are also scheduled,but one can get them with prescription from a registered medical practitioner.So we carried out a comparative study of 3 tranquilizers from the benzodiazepine class that are Diazepam,Alprazolam,and Librium to check their dissolving rate in stomach acid.Estimation of action time of drug can help an investigator to identify the class of drug and time of drug injected(early phase).In our study,we found that the dissolving period of Diazepam and Alprazolam is more than conventional drugs.
基金supported by Research Fund from University of Johannes-burg,Johannesburg City,South Africa.
文摘Breast cancer(BC)is the most widespread tumor in females worldwide and is a severe public health issue.BC is the leading reason of death affecting females between the ages of 20 to 59 around the world.Early detection and therapy can help women receive effective treatment and,as a result,decrease the rate of breast cancer disease.The cancer tumor develops when cells grow improperly and attack the healthy tissue in the human body.Tumors are classified as benign or malignant,and the absence of cancer in the breast is considered normal.Deep learning,machine learning,and transfer learning models are applied to detect and identify cancerous tissue like BC.This research assists in the identification and classification of BC.We implemented the pre-trained model AlexNet and proposed model Breast cancer identification and classification(BCIC),which are machine learning-based models,by evaluating them in the form of comparative research.We used 3 datasets,A,B,and C.We fuzzed these datasets and got 2 datasets,A2C and B3C.Dataset A2C is the fusion of A,B,and C with 2 classes categorized as benign and malignant.Dataset B3C is the fusion of datasets A,B,and C with 3 classes classified as benign,malignant,and normal.We used customized AlexNet according to our datasets and BCIC in our proposed model.We achieved an accuracy of 86.5%on Dataset B3C and 76.8%on Dataset A2C by using AlexNet,and we achieved the optimum accuracy of 94.5%on Dataset B3C and 94.9%on Dataset A2C by using proposed model BCIC at 40 epochs with 0.00008 learning rate.We proposed fuzzed dataset model using transfer learning.We fuzzed three datasets to get more accurate results and the proposed model achieved the highest prediction accuracy using fuzzed dataset transfer learning technique.
文摘Plants are vital to the survival of life on e arth and have enormous implications for both the environment and human well-being.Plants carr y both medicinal and toxic properties.The plants were used by people traditionally for medicinal purposes.But people were not aware of the concentration of the dose s.So,excessive quantity of dose s may lead to severe toxic effects on the human body.This topic discusses the potential hazards of toxic plants on human health.There are many plants around the world that can cause adverse effects,ranging from mild irritation to severe organ damage or death.This review focuses on the plants which are available locally used as medicines carrying toxic properties too.It is essential to learn to recognize them and avoid touching or ingesting them.If exposure does occur,prompt medical attention is necessary.Understanding the risks associated with toxic plants can help individuals take the necessary precautions to protect their health.
