AIM:To investigate the association between juvenile open angle glaucoma(JOAG)and mental health among Koreans.METHODS:This study used nationally representative data from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Exam...AIM:To investigate the association between juvenile open angle glaucoma(JOAG)and mental health among Koreans.METHODS:This study used nationally representative data from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES)2021.Glaucoma diagnosis followed the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology criteria based on glaucomatous structural defects,visual field defects,corrected vision,and intraocular pressure.As outcomes,suicidal behaviors,psychiatric counseling,and depression were evaluated through mental health questionnaires.Odds ratios(ORs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were estimated using logistic regression models,adjusting for covariates.RESULTS:Among 7090 participants,3446 met the inclusion criteria for analysis,and 88(2.6%)were diagnosed with open angle glaucoma(OAG).After adjusting for age,sex,and best-corrected visual acuity(VA),participants with OAG were revealed to have significantly higher odds of suicidal behaviors(i.e.,ideation,planning,or attempts)compared with those without OAG(OR:2.70;95%CI:1.12-6.54;P=0.028).This association remained significant after further adjustments for socioeconomic status,lifestyle factors,and presence of chronic conditions(P=0.031 and 0.035,respectively).However,there was no significant difference for the other two outcomes,psychiatric counseling and depression.An age-stratified analysis revealed a stronger association between OAG and suicidal behaviors in younger JOAG participants(<40y)than in older OAG participants(≥40y;OR:3.80 vs 2.22;95%CI:0.79-18.22 vs 0.56-8.80,respectively).CONCLUSION:OAG patients show a higher risk of suicidal behaviors than those without glaucoma particularly in JOAG patients.展开更多
Background: Implementing invasive procedures is an important part of patient management by clinical nurses;however, there are gaps between nurses’ actual knowledge and skills and expected professional care capacity. ...Background: Implementing invasive procedures is an important part of patient management by clinical nurses;however, there are gaps between nurses’ actual knowledge and skills and expected professional care capacity. Purpose: This scoping review aimed to map the existing literature related to recent institution-provided educational programs for invasive procedures involving clinical nurses. This study seeks to understand the contents of educational programs and the methods for assessing educational effects. Methods: This scoping review was completed using the following four databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Cochrane Library, and Emcare for the period 2000-2022. We included studies that used all forms of educational approaches (e.g., didactic lectures, hands-on training, or on-the-job training). This scoping review considered peer-reviewed publications published in English using quantitative, qualitative, or mixed approaches. A total of 83 studies underwent in the final analysis. Results and Conclusion: A combination of didactic lectures and hands-on training was provided as an educational program in most studies. Contrary to our prediction, educational interventions with advanced technologies such as VR are extremely rare, suggesting that the effectiveness of advanced technologies in learning invasive procedures should be examined to facilitate and retain educational effects more efficiently in future studies. Regarding the assessment of educational effects, nurses’ cognitive (i.e., theoretical knowledge about procedures), psychomotor (i.e., implementing procedures), and psychological aspects (e.g., confidence and self-efficacy in procedures) were evaluated using questionnaires and observational methods. While most studies used a one-group pretest-posttest design, the ratio of randomized controlled trials (RCT) was relatively low. Thus, an RCT design should be introduced in future studies to test the validity of the developed educational program more accurately.展开更多
Introduction: A growing body of evidence suggests that social capital improves mental health. However, the association between the observance of festivals and mental health has not yet been investigated in depth by pu...Introduction: A growing body of evidence suggests that social capital improves mental health. However, the association between the observance of festivals and mental health has not yet been investigated in depth by public health researchers. The purpose of this study is to examine whether festival observance is associated with psychological distress. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 17,525 residents aged 40 to 79 who lived in a rural town in northern Japan. We assessed each participant’s psychological distress level, social capital and festival observance via a questionnaire. We performed multiple logistic regression analyses to examine the association of festival observance with psychological distress. Results: A total of 11,649 residents responded to this survey (a response rate of 66.5%). The group who responded that their community did not hold festivals was negatively associated with psychological distress, even after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics (OR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.49-1.97). After adjusting for both socio-demographics and social capital, the association became weaker, but was still significant (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.10-1.48). Conclusions: Festival observance was associated with psychological distress in a rural Japanese community. It seems that festival observance is a factor to be taken into consideration in mental health promotion in the community.展开更多
OBJECTIVES: We assessed use of low-volume hospitals by race and ethnicity for major cardiovascular procedures and determined whether hospital volume is an important factor explaining racial and ethnic differences in p...OBJECTIVES: We assessed use of low-volume hospitals by race and ethnicity for major cardiovascular procedures and determined whether hospital volume is an important factor explaining racial and ethnic differences in post-procedure mortality. BACKGROUND: Low hospital volume predicts mortality for cardiovascular procedures and could be a mediator of racial and ethnic differences in procedure outcomes. METHODS: We analyzed data from 719,679 hospitalizations for cardiac artery bypass grafting(CABG), percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA), abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA) repair, and carotid endarterectomy(CEA)from 1998 to 2001 using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess whether race predicts use of low-volume hospitals and the relative contribution of hospital volume to racial disparity in post-procedure in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: Black and Hispanic patients were more likely than white patients to receive cardiovascular procedures in low-volume hospitals. Black patients had greater risk-adjusted mortality than white patients after elective AAA repair(odds ratio[OR], 1.84;95% confidence interval[CI], 1.20 to 2.84), CABG(OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.33), and CEA(OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.07 to 2.27), but not PTCA. Hispanic patients did not have higher risk-adjusted mortality than white patients. Adjusting for hospital volume did not substantially reduce the relative risk of death for black patients compared with white patients. CONCLUSIONS: Black and Hispanic patients were more likely to receive cardiovascular procedures in low-volume hospitals, but hospital volume did not explain a large proportion of racial differences in post-procedure mortality. Additional research is needed to determine why black patients have increased mortality after cardiovascular procedures and how these mortality rates can be reduced.展开更多
Introduction Patients with acute ischaemic strokes(AIS),on average,fare better with timely neurologist consultation,and a growing proportion of them receive one.However,little is known about trends in the characterist...Introduction Patients with acute ischaemic strokes(AIS),on average,fare better with timely neurologist consultation,and a growing proportion of them receive one.However,little is known about trends in the characteristics of neurologists who treat AIS.Methods We identified AIS and transient ischaemic attack(TIA)episodes with neurologist consults in fee-for service Medicare from January 2008 to September 2021.For each episode,we determined whether the neurologist was a vascular neurologist,was a high-volume provider,whether the patient was transferred between hospitals and the distance between the patient’s home and physician’s practice.Results From 2008 to 2021,the share of AIS/TIA episodes(n=5073294)with neurologist consults increased(52.9%to 61.7%).Among episodes with consults,the fraction conducted by a vascular neurologist(5.2%to 13.7%)or by a high-volume neurologist(13.2%to 14.9%)also increased.The fraction with the patient’s home and neurologist greater than 100 miles apart(4.8%to 9.6%)or in different states(5.1%to 8.1%)increased,as did the fraction with transfers(4.2%to 8.5%).Discussion Over the study period,the proportion of AIS/TIA episodes with consultations from neurologists with either vascular neurology certifications or high volumes increased substantially.展开更多
文摘AIM:To investigate the association between juvenile open angle glaucoma(JOAG)and mental health among Koreans.METHODS:This study used nationally representative data from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES)2021.Glaucoma diagnosis followed the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology criteria based on glaucomatous structural defects,visual field defects,corrected vision,and intraocular pressure.As outcomes,suicidal behaviors,psychiatric counseling,and depression were evaluated through mental health questionnaires.Odds ratios(ORs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were estimated using logistic regression models,adjusting for covariates.RESULTS:Among 7090 participants,3446 met the inclusion criteria for analysis,and 88(2.6%)were diagnosed with open angle glaucoma(OAG).After adjusting for age,sex,and best-corrected visual acuity(VA),participants with OAG were revealed to have significantly higher odds of suicidal behaviors(i.e.,ideation,planning,or attempts)compared with those without OAG(OR:2.70;95%CI:1.12-6.54;P=0.028).This association remained significant after further adjustments for socioeconomic status,lifestyle factors,and presence of chronic conditions(P=0.031 and 0.035,respectively).However,there was no significant difference for the other two outcomes,psychiatric counseling and depression.An age-stratified analysis revealed a stronger association between OAG and suicidal behaviors in younger JOAG participants(<40y)than in older OAG participants(≥40y;OR:3.80 vs 2.22;95%CI:0.79-18.22 vs 0.56-8.80,respectively).CONCLUSION:OAG patients show a higher risk of suicidal behaviors than those without glaucoma particularly in JOAG patients.
文摘Background: Implementing invasive procedures is an important part of patient management by clinical nurses;however, there are gaps between nurses’ actual knowledge and skills and expected professional care capacity. Purpose: This scoping review aimed to map the existing literature related to recent institution-provided educational programs for invasive procedures involving clinical nurses. This study seeks to understand the contents of educational programs and the methods for assessing educational effects. Methods: This scoping review was completed using the following four databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Cochrane Library, and Emcare for the period 2000-2022. We included studies that used all forms of educational approaches (e.g., didactic lectures, hands-on training, or on-the-job training). This scoping review considered peer-reviewed publications published in English using quantitative, qualitative, or mixed approaches. A total of 83 studies underwent in the final analysis. Results and Conclusion: A combination of didactic lectures and hands-on training was provided as an educational program in most studies. Contrary to our prediction, educational interventions with advanced technologies such as VR are extremely rare, suggesting that the effectiveness of advanced technologies in learning invasive procedures should be examined to facilitate and retain educational effects more efficiently in future studies. Regarding the assessment of educational effects, nurses’ cognitive (i.e., theoretical knowledge about procedures), psychomotor (i.e., implementing procedures), and psychological aspects (e.g., confidence and self-efficacy in procedures) were evaluated using questionnaires and observational methods. While most studies used a one-group pretest-posttest design, the ratio of randomized controlled trials (RCT) was relatively low. Thus, an RCT design should be introduced in future studies to test the validity of the developed educational program more accurately.
文摘Introduction: A growing body of evidence suggests that social capital improves mental health. However, the association between the observance of festivals and mental health has not yet been investigated in depth by public health researchers. The purpose of this study is to examine whether festival observance is associated with psychological distress. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 17,525 residents aged 40 to 79 who lived in a rural town in northern Japan. We assessed each participant’s psychological distress level, social capital and festival observance via a questionnaire. We performed multiple logistic regression analyses to examine the association of festival observance with psychological distress. Results: A total of 11,649 residents responded to this survey (a response rate of 66.5%). The group who responded that their community did not hold festivals was negatively associated with psychological distress, even after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics (OR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.49-1.97). After adjusting for both socio-demographics and social capital, the association became weaker, but was still significant (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.10-1.48). Conclusions: Festival observance was associated with psychological distress in a rural Japanese community. It seems that festival observance is a factor to be taken into consideration in mental health promotion in the community.
文摘OBJECTIVES: We assessed use of low-volume hospitals by race and ethnicity for major cardiovascular procedures and determined whether hospital volume is an important factor explaining racial and ethnic differences in post-procedure mortality. BACKGROUND: Low hospital volume predicts mortality for cardiovascular procedures and could be a mediator of racial and ethnic differences in procedure outcomes. METHODS: We analyzed data from 719,679 hospitalizations for cardiac artery bypass grafting(CABG), percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA), abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA) repair, and carotid endarterectomy(CEA)from 1998 to 2001 using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess whether race predicts use of low-volume hospitals and the relative contribution of hospital volume to racial disparity in post-procedure in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: Black and Hispanic patients were more likely than white patients to receive cardiovascular procedures in low-volume hospitals. Black patients had greater risk-adjusted mortality than white patients after elective AAA repair(odds ratio[OR], 1.84;95% confidence interval[CI], 1.20 to 2.84), CABG(OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.33), and CEA(OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.07 to 2.27), but not PTCA. Hispanic patients did not have higher risk-adjusted mortality than white patients. Adjusting for hospital volume did not substantially reduce the relative risk of death for black patients compared with white patients. CONCLUSIONS: Black and Hispanic patients were more likely to receive cardiovascular procedures in low-volume hospitals, but hospital volume did not explain a large proportion of racial differences in post-procedure mortality. Additional research is needed to determine why black patients have increased mortality after cardiovascular procedures and how these mortality rates can be reduced.
基金Supported by grant R01-NS111952 from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.
文摘Introduction Patients with acute ischaemic strokes(AIS),on average,fare better with timely neurologist consultation,and a growing proportion of them receive one.However,little is known about trends in the characteristics of neurologists who treat AIS.Methods We identified AIS and transient ischaemic attack(TIA)episodes with neurologist consults in fee-for service Medicare from January 2008 to September 2021.For each episode,we determined whether the neurologist was a vascular neurologist,was a high-volume provider,whether the patient was transferred between hospitals and the distance between the patient’s home and physician’s practice.Results From 2008 to 2021,the share of AIS/TIA episodes(n=5073294)with neurologist consults increased(52.9%to 61.7%).Among episodes with consults,the fraction conducted by a vascular neurologist(5.2%to 13.7%)or by a high-volume neurologist(13.2%to 14.9%)also increased.The fraction with the patient’s home and neurologist greater than 100 miles apart(4.8%to 9.6%)or in different states(5.1%to 8.1%)increased,as did the fraction with transfers(4.2%to 8.5%).Discussion Over the study period,the proportion of AIS/TIA episodes with consultations from neurologists with either vascular neurology certifications or high volumes increased substantially.
