BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have great potential for the treatment of various immune diseases due to their unique immunomodulatory properties.However,MSCs exposed to the harsh inflammatory environment of da...BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have great potential for the treatment of various immune diseases due to their unique immunomodulatory properties.However,MSCs exposed to the harsh inflammatory environment of damaged tissue after intravenous transplantation cannot exert their biological effects,and therefore,their therapeutic efficacy is reduced.In this challenging context,an in vitro preconditioning method is necessary for the development of MSC-based therapies with increased immunomodulatory capacity and transplantation efficacy.AIM To determine whether hypoxia and inflammatory factor preconditioning increases the immunosuppressive properties of MSCs without affecting their biological characteristics.METHODS Umbilical cord MSCs(UC-MSCs)were pretreated with hypoxia(2%O_(2))exposure and inflammatory factors(interleukin-1β,tumor necrosis factor-α,interferon-γ)for 24 h.Flow cytometry,polymerase chain reaction,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and other experimental methods were used to evaluate the biological characteristics of pretreated UC-MSCs and to determine whether pretreatment affected the immunosuppressive ability of UC-MSCs in coculture with immune cells.RESULTS Pretreatment with hypoxia and inflammatory factors caused UC-MSCs to be elongated but did not affect their viability,proliferation or size.In addition,pretreatment significantly decreased the expression of coagulationrelated tissue factors but did not affect the expression of other surface markers.Similarly,mitochondrial function and integrity were retained.Although pretreatment promoted UC-MSC apoptosis and senescence,it increased the expression of genes and proteins related to immune regulation.Pretreatment increased peripheral blood mononuclear cell and natural killer(NK)cell proliferation rates and inhibited NK cell-induced toxicity to varying degrees.CONCLUSION In summary,hypoxia and inflammatory factor preconditioning led to higher immunosuppressive effects of MSCs without damaging their biological characteristics.展开更多
As an important treatment for acute myeloid leukemia, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT) plays an important role in reducing relapse and improving long-term survival. With rapid advancements...As an important treatment for acute myeloid leukemia, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT) plays an important role in reducing relapse and improving long-term survival. With rapid advancements in basic research in molecular biology and immunology and with deepening understanding of the biological characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells, allo-HSCT has been widely applied in clinical practice. During allo-HSCT, preconditioning, the donor, and the source of stem cells can be tailored to the patient’s conditions, greatly broadening the indications for HSCT, with clear survival benefits. However, the risks associated with allo-HSCT remain high, i.e. hematopoietic reconstitution failure, delayed immune reconstitution, graft-versus-host disease, and posttransplant relapse, which are bottlenecks for further improvements in allo-HSCT efficacy and have become hot topics in the field of HSCT. Other bottlenecks recognized in the current treatment of individuals diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia and subjected to allo-HSCT include the selection of the most appropriate conditioning regimen and post-transplantation management. In this paper, we reviewed the progress of relevant research regarding these aspects.展开更多
Dendrites play irreplaceable roles in the nerve conduction pathway and are vulnerable to various insults.Peripheral axotomy of motor neurons results in the retraction of dendritic arbors,and the dendritic arbor can be...Dendrites play irreplaceable roles in the nerve conduction pathway and are vulnerable to various insults.Peripheral axotomy of motor neurons results in the retraction of dendritic arbors,and the dendritic arbor can be re-expanded when reinnervation is allowed.RhoA is a target that regulates the cytoskeleton and promotes neuronal survival and axon regeneration.However,the role of RhoA in dendrite degeneration and regeneration is unknown.In this study,we explored the potential role of RhoA in dendrites.A line of motor neuronal conditional knockout mice was developed by crossbreeding HB9~(Cre+)mice with RhoA~(flox/flox)mice.We established two models for assaying dendrite degeneration and regeneration,in which the brachial plexus was transection or crush injured,respectively.We found that at 28 days after brachial plexus transection,the density,complexity,and structural integrity of dendrites in the ventral horn of the spinal cord of RhoA conditional knockout mice were slightly decreased compared with that in Cre mice.Dendrites underwent degeneration at 7 and 14 days after brachial plexus transection and recovered at 28–56 days.The density,complexity,and structural integrity of dendrites in the ventral horn of the spinal cord of RhoA conditional knockout mice recovered compared with results in Cre mice.These findings suggest that RhoA knockout in motor neurons attenuates dendrite degeneration and promotes dendrite regeneration after peripheral nerve injury.展开更多
In this study,boron-doped hydroxyapatite(BHT)-loaded alginate/gelatin-based(A/G)hydrogel coating on Ti was fabricated to support bone integration through triggering osteoinduction,vascularization and immunomodulation....In this study,boron-doped hydroxyapatite(BHT)-loaded alginate/gelatin-based(A/G)hydrogel coating on Ti was fabricated to support bone integration through triggering osteoinduction,vascularization and immunomodulation.Initially,highly reproducible,cheap and time-effective BHT was produced,which significantly promoted higher osteogenic and angiogenic maturation,while a mild innate immune response was observed.The immense potential of BHT was evidenced by the production of a gap-filling A/G/BHT interphase on Ti implants to mimic the osseous extracellular matrix to achieve functional bridging and exert control over the course of innate immune response.We initially aminosilanized the implant surface using 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane,and then coated it with 0.25%w/v alginate with 20 mM 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide to allowthe A/G/BHT pre-gel to disperse evenly and covalently attach on the surface.The pre-gel was added with 0.2 M NaCl to homogeneously blend BHT in the structure without inducing ionic crosslinking.Then,the coated implants were freeze-dried and stored.The coated layer demonstrated high cohesive and adhesive strength,and 8-month-long shelf-life at room temperature and normal humidity.The A/G/BHT was able to coat an irregularly shaped Ti implant.Osteoblasts and endothelial cells thrived on the A/G/BHT,and it demonstrated greatly improved osteogenic and angiogenic capacity.Moreover,A/G/BHT maintained macrophage viability and generated an acute increase in immune response that could be resolved rapidly.Finally,A/G/BHT was shown to induce the robust integration of implant in a rabbit femur osteochondral model within 2months.Therefore,we concluded that A/G/BHT coatings could serve as amultifunctional reservoir,promoting the strong and rapid osseointegration of metallic implants.展开更多
Different fates of neural stem/progenitor cells(NSPCs)and their progeny are determined by the gene regulatory network,where a chromatin-remodeling complex affects synergy with other regulators.Here,we review recent re...Different fates of neural stem/progenitor cells(NSPCs)and their progeny are determined by the gene regulatory network,where a chromatin-remodeling complex affects synergy with other regulators.Here,we review recent research progress indicating that the BRG1/BRM-associated factor(BAF)complex plays an important role in NSPCs during neural development and neural developmental disorders.Several studies based on animal models have shown that mutations in the BAF complex may cause abnormal neural differentiation,which can also lead to various diseases in humans.We discussed BAF complex subunits and their main characteristics in NSPCs.With advances in studies of human pluripotent stem cells and the feasibility of driving their differentiation into NSPCs,we can now investigate the role of the BAF complex in regulating the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of NSPCs.Considering recent progress in these research areas,we suggest that three approaches should be used in investigations in the near future.Sequencing of whole human exome and genome-wide association studies suggest that mutations in the subunits of the BAF complex are related to neurodevelopmental disorders.More insight into the mechanism of BAF complex regulation in NSPCs during neural cell fate decisions and neurodevelopment may help in exploiting new methods for clinical applications.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of a novel coated stent in the treatment of intracranial pseudoaneurysm.Methods:MEDLINE,EMBASE,and PubMed databases were searched for literature published between 1990 and April 2022...Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of a novel coated stent in the treatment of intracranial pseudoaneurysm.Methods:MEDLINE,EMBASE,and PubMed databases were searched for literature published between 1990 and April 2022 according to PRISMA guidelines.All studies with≥10 patients reporting successful implantation of Willis covered stent,therapeutic effect,complications,and postoperative follow-up were included.The combined incidence and corresponding 95%confidence intervals were assessed using a generalized linear mixed method and random effects model.Results:Five studies(116 patients with pseudoaneurysms)were included.The experimental groups in the selected studies showed a combined technical success rate of 81.03%(OR=18.31,95%CI=9.39-35.69,I^(2)=79%,P<0.001).Clinical follow-up showed that the complete cure rate was as high as 94.4%after the follow-up(OR=106.81,95%CI=39.08-291.88,I^(2)=0%,P=0.71).Conclusions:Willis covered stent is feasible,safe,and effective in the treatment of intracranial pseudoaneurysm.展开更多
Introduction: This study aimed to perform routine seminal fluid analysis, sperm DNA fragmentation, and sperm function tests at the chromatin maturation level and evaluate pregnancy in the patients passing intrauterine...Introduction: This study aimed to perform routine seminal fluid analysis, sperm DNA fragmentation, and sperm function tests at the chromatin maturation level and evaluate pregnancy in the patients passing intrauterine insemination before starting Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) method. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 111 couples who underwent Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) in unexplained infertility patients were admitted to Al-Farah IVF and assisted reproductive center in Baghdad, Iraq between November 2020 and February 2021 were evaluated. Semen fluid analysis was performed based on (WHO 4th) guiding rules. In addition, Sperm Chromatin Dispersion (halo test) and sperm maturation were performed with Aniline Blue Stain (ABS). Results: Sperm Chromatin Dispersion (SCD) groups were compared in terms of pregnancy outcome;the positive pregnancy rate was found to be above in the normal SCD groups (p = 0.0005). In addition, Aniline Blue Stain (ABS) groups were compared in the terms of pregnancy outcome;the positive pregnancy rate was found to be higher in the normal ABS group (p = 0.017). Conclusion: Our study showed that the use of DNA fragmentation (SCD) and sperm maturation tests (ABS) together with routine semen analysis in intrauterine insemination cases will make a significant contribution to the prediction of Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) increased results. So, these results indicate a defect in the effect of DNA fragmentation on the outcome of intrauterine insemination.展开更多
Developing novel cancer therapies that exploit programmed cell death pathways holds promise for advancing cancer treatment.According to a recently published study in Science,copper death(cuproptosis)occurs when intrac...Developing novel cancer therapies that exploit programmed cell death pathways holds promise for advancing cancer treatment.According to a recently published study in Science,copper death(cuproptosis)occurs when intracellular copper is overloaded,triggering aggregation of lipidated mitochondrial proteins and Fe–S cluster proteins.This intriguing phenomenon is triggered by the instability of copper ions.Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind cuproptosis and its associated genes,as identified by Tsvetkov,including ferredoxin 1,lipoic acid synthase,lipoyltransferase 1,dihydrolipid amide dehydrogenase,dihydrolipoamide transacetylase,pyruvate dehydrogenaseα1,pyruvate dehydrogenaseβ,metallothionein,glutaminase,and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A,may open new avenues for cancer therapy.Here,we provide a new understanding of the role of copper death and related genes in cancer.展开更多
Retinitis pigmentosa is a hereditary retinal disease that affects rod and cone photoreceptors,leading to progressive photoreceptor loss.Previous research supports the beneficial effect of electrical stimulation on pho...Retinitis pigmentosa is a hereditary retinal disease that affects rod and cone photoreceptors,leading to progressive photoreceptor loss.Previous research supports the beneficial effect of electrical stimulation on photoreceptor survival.This study aims to identify the most effective electrical stimulation parameters and functional advantages of transcorneal electrical stimulation(tcES)in mice affected by inherited retinal degeneration.Additionally,the study seeked to analyze the electric field that reaches the retina in both eyes in mice and post-mortem humans.In this study,we recorded waveforms and voltages directed to the retina during transcorneal electrical stimulation in C57BL/6J mice using an intraocular needle probe with rectangular,sine,and ramp waveforms.To investigate the functional effects of electrical stimulation on photoreceptors,we used human retinal explant cultures and rhodopsin knockout(Rho^(-/-))mice,demonstrating progressive photoreceptor degeneration with age.Human retinal explants isolated from the donors’eyes were then subjected to electrical stimulation and cultured for 48 hours to simulate the neurodegenerative environment in vitro.Photoreceptor density was evaluated by rhodopsin immunolabeling.In vivo Rho^(-/-)mice were subjected to two 5-day series of daily transcorneal electrical stimulation using rectangular and ramp waveforms.Retinal function and visual perception of mice were evaluated by electroretinography and optomotor response(OMR),respectively.Immunolabeling was used to assess the morphological and biochemical changes of the photoreceptor and bipolar cells in mouse retinas.Oscilloscope recordings indicated effective delivery of rectangular,sine,and ramp waveforms to the retina by transcorneal electrical stimulation,of which the ramp waveform required the lowest voltage.Evaluation of the total conductive resistance of the post-mortem human compared to the mouse eyes indicated higher cornea-to-retina resistance in human eyes.The temperature recordings during and after electrical stimulation indicated no significant temperature change in vivo and only a subtle temperature increase in vitro(~0.5-1.5°C).Electrical stimulation increased photoreceptor survival in human retinal explant cultures,particularly at the ramp waveform.Transcorneal electrical stimulation(rectangular+ramp)waveforms significantly improved the survival and function of S and M-cones and enhanced visual acuity based on the optomotor response results.Histology and immunolabeling demonstrated increased photoreceptor survival,improved outer nuclear layer thickness,and increased bipolar cell sprouting in Rho^(-/-)mice.These results indicate that transcorneal electrical stimulation effectively delivers the electrical field to the retina,improves photoreceptor survival in both human and mouse retinas,and increases visual function in Rho^(-/-)mice.Combined rectangular and ramp waveform stimulation can promote photoreceptor survival in a minimally invasive fashion.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effect of lacidipine,thiamine pyrophosphate(TPP)and the combination of lacidipine and TPP against oxidative and inflammatory eye damage induced by bilateral common carotid artery ligation in rat...AIM:To investigate the effect of lacidipine,thiamine pyrophosphate(TPP)and the combination of lacidipine and TPP against oxidative and inflammatory eye damage induced by bilateral common carotid artery ligation in rats.METHODS:Male albino Wistar rats were categorized as those who underwent sham surgery(SG),right and left common carotid cross-clamping and unclamping procedure(CCU),lacidipine+CCU(LCCU),TPP+CCU(TCCU),and combination of lacidipine and TPP(LTC)+CCU(LTCCU).One hour before anesthesia,the LCCU(n=6)received lacidipine(4 mg/kg,orally)and the TCCU(n=6)received TPP(20 mg/kg,intraperitoneally).The SG(n=6)and CCU(n=6)received the same volume of distilled water from the same route.After anesthesia(60 mg/kg ketamine,intraperitoneally),the necks of the rats were opened in the midline.Ischemia was created for 10min by placing clips on the right and left common carotid arteries.Rats in the SG only underwent subcutaneous incision.After 10min,the clips were removed and reperfusion was achieved for six days.Then,the animals were euthanized(120 mg/kg ketamine,intraperitoneally)and the levels of oxidant,antioxidant and proinflammatory cytokines in the eye tissues were determined.The retinal tissue of the eye was also examined histopathologically.RESULTS:Lacidipine,TPP,and LTC significantly prevent the increase in malondialdehyde,tumor necrosis factoralpha,interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and IL-6 levels,decrease in total glutathione levels,superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and histopathological retinal damage in eye tissue induced by bilateral common carotid artery ligation in rats.The impact of these drugs on protection is determined to be LTC>lacidipine>TPP.CONCLUSION:As a result of the study,it is concluded that LTC may be more effective than lacidipine and TPP alone in treating ocular ischemic syndrome.展开更多
BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve injury can result in significant clinical complications that have uncertain prognoses.Currently,there is a lack of effective pharmacological interventions for nerve damage,despite the exist...BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve injury can result in significant clinical complications that have uncertain prognoses.Currently,there is a lack of effective pharmacological interventions for nerve damage,despite the existence of several small compounds,Despite the objective of achieving full functional restoration by surgical intervention,the persistent challenge of inadequate functional recovery remains a significant concern in the context of peripheral nerve injuries.AIM To examine the impact of exosomes on the process of functional recovery following a complete radial nerve damage.METHODS A male individual,aged 24,who is right-hand dominant and an immigrant,arrived with an injury caused by a knife assault.The cut is located on the left arm,specifically below the elbow.The neurological examination and electrodiagnostic testing reveal evidence of left radial nerve damage.The sural autograft was utilized for repair,followed by the application of 1 mL of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome,comprising 5 billion microvesicles.This exosome was split into four equal volumes of 0.25 mL each and delivered microsurgically to both the proximal and distal stumps using the subepineural pathway.The patient was subjected to a period of 180 d during which they had neurological examination and electrodiagnostic testing.RESULTS The duration of the patient’s follow-up period was 180 d.An increasing Tinel’s sign and sensory-motor recovery were detected even at the 10th wk following nerve grafting.Upon the conclusion of the 6-mo post-treatment period,an evaluation was conducted to measure the extent of improvement in motor and sensory functions of the nerve.This assessment was based on the British Medical Research Council scale and the Mackinnon-Dellon scale.The results indicated that the level of improvement in motor function was classified as M5,denoting an excellent outcome.Additionally,the level of improvement in sensory function was classified as S3+,indicating a good outcome.It is noteworthy that these assessments were conducted in the absence of physical therapy.At the 10th wk post-injury,despite the persistence of substantial axonal damage,the nerve exhibited indications of nerve re-innervation as evidenced by control electromyography(EMG).In contrast to the preceding.EMG analysis revealed a significant electrophysiological enhancement in the EMG conducted at the 6th-mo follow-up,indicating ongoing regeneration.CONCLUSION Enhanced comprehension of the neurobiological ramifications associated with peripheral nerve damage,as well as the experimental and therapy approaches delineated in this investigation,holds the potential to catalyze future clinical progress.展开更多
Although the liver has a high regenerative capacity,as a result of massive hepatocyte death,liver failure occurs. In addition to liver failure,for acute,chronic and hereditary diseases of the liver,cell transplantatio...Although the liver has a high regenerative capacity,as a result of massive hepatocyte death,liver failure occurs. In addition to liver failure,for acute,chronic and hereditary diseases of the liver,cell transplantation therapies can stimulate regeneration or at least ensure sufficient function until liver transplantation can be performed. The lack of donor organs and the risks of rejection have prompted extensive experimental and clinical research in the field of cellular transplantation. Transplantation of cell lineages involved in liver regeneration,including mature hepatocytes,fetal hepatocytes,fetal liver progenitor cells,fetal stem cells,hepatic progenitor cells,hepatic stem cells,mesenchymal stem cells,hematopoietic stem cells,and peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood stem cells,have been found to be beneficial in the treatment of liver failure.In this article,the results of experimental and clinical cell transplantation trials for liver failure are reviewed,with an emphasis on regeneration.展开更多
AIM: To observe the inhibition of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and expression by combination of siRNA and lamivudine in HepG2.2.15 cells. METHODS: Recombinant plasmid psil-HBV was constructed and transfected in...AIM: To observe the inhibition of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and expression by combination of siRNA and lamivudine in HepG2.2.15 cells. METHODS: Recombinant plasmid psil-HBV was constructed and transfected into HepG2.2.15 cells. The transfected cells were cultured in lamivudine-containing medium (0.05 μmol/L) and harvested at 48, 72 and 96 h. The concentration of HBeAg and HBsAg was determined using ELISA. HBV DNA replication was examined by real- time PCR and the level of HBV mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. RESULTS: In HepG2.2.15 cells treated with combination of siRNA and lamivudine, the secretion of HBeAg and HBsAg into the supernatant was found to be inhibited by 91.80% and 82.40% (2.89 ± 0.48 vs 11.73 ± 0.38, P < 0.05; 4.59 ± 0.57 vs 16.25 ± 0.48, P < 0.05) at 96 h, respectively; the number of HBV DNA copies within culture medium was also significantly decreased at 96 h (1.04 ± 0.26 vs 8.35 ± 0.33, P < 0.05). Moreover, mRNA concentration in HepG2.2.15 cells treated with combination of siRNA and lamivudine was obviously lower compared to those treated either with siRNA or lamivudine (19.44 ± 0.17 vs 33.27 ± 0.21 or 79.9 ± 0.13, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Combination of siRNA and lamivudine is more effective in inhibiting HBV replication as compared to the single use of siRNA or lamivudine in HepG2.2.15 cells.展开更多
Objective To investigate the pretreatment effects of Rhodiola rosea (R. rosea) extract on cognitive dysfunction, oxidative stress in hippocampus and hippocampal neuron injury in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD...Objective To investigate the pretreatment effects of Rhodiola rosea (R. rosea) extract on cognitive dysfunction, oxidative stress in hippocampus and hippocampal neuron injury in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with R. rosea extract at doses of 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 g/kg for 3 weeks, followed by bilateral intracerebroventricular injection with streptozotocin (1.5 mg/kg) on days 1 and 3. Behavioral alterations were monitored after 2 weeks from the lesion using Morris water maze task. Three weeks after the lesion, the rats were sacrificed for measuring the malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione reductase (GR) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in hippocampus and histopathology of hippocampal neurons. Results The MDA level was significantly increased while the GR and GSH levels were significantly decreased with striking impairments in spatial learning and memory and severe damage to hippocampal neurons in the model rat induced by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin. These abnormalities were significantly improved by pretreatment with R. rosea extract (3.0 g/kg). Conclusion R. rosea extract can protect rats against cognitive deficits, neuronal injury and oxidative stress induced by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin, and may be used as a potential agent in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.展开更多
Oxidative stress has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP). Antioxidants, alone or in combination with conventional therapy, should improve oxidative-stress-induced organ ...Oxidative stress has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP). Antioxidants, alone or in combination with conventional therapy, should improve oxidative-stress-induced organ damage and therefore accelerate the rate of recovery. In recent years, substantial amounts of data about the efficiency of antioxidants against oxidative damage have been obtained from experiments with rodents. Some of these antioxidants have been found beneficial in the treatment of AP in humans; however, at present there is insufficient clinical data to support the benefits of antioxidants, alone or in combination with conven-tional therapy, in the management of AP in humans. Conflicting results obtained from experimental animals and humans may represent distinct pathophysiological mechanisms mediating tissue injury in different species. Further detailed studies should be done to clarify the exact mechanisms of tissue injury in human AP. Herein I tried to review the existing experimental and clinical studies on AP in order to determine the efficiency of antioxidants. The use of antioxidant enriched nutrition is a potential direction of clinical research in AP given the lack of clues about the efficiency and safety of antioxidant usage in patients with AP.展开更多
The relationship between Bcl-2, Bax, Fas, caspase-3 and development of hemangiomaand the molecular mechanism was investigated. By using immunohistochemical S-P method, prolif- erating cell nuclear antigen was detected...The relationship between Bcl-2, Bax, Fas, caspase-3 and development of hemangiomaand the molecular mechanism was investigated. By using immunohistochemical S-P method, prolif- erating cell nuclear antigen was detected. According to the classification of Mulliken in combination with PCNA expression, 27 cases were identified as proliferating hemangioma and 22 cases as invo- lutive hemangioma. Five normal skin tissues around the tumor tissue served as controls. By using immunohistochemical technique, the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Fax and Caspase-3 was detected. The cells expressing Bcl-2, Bax, Fax and cappase-3 were identified as hemangioma endothelia by immu- nohistochemical staining of VIII factor. The average absorbance (A) and average positive area rate of Bcl-2, Bax, Fas and caspase-3 expression were measured by using HPIAS-2000 imaging analysis system. The results showed that the expression of Bcl-2 in the endothelia of proliferating heman- gioma was significantly higher that in involutive degenerative hemangioma endothelia and vascular endothelia of normal skin tissue (P<0.01). The expression of Bax, Fas and Caspase-3 in the endothe- lia of involutive hemangioma was obviously higher than in the endothelia of proliferating heman- gioma and normal skin tissue (P<0.01). The expression of BAx and Fas in endothelia of proliferating hemangioma was higher than in those of normal skin tissue (P<0.05). It was suggested that Bcl-2, Bax, Fas and caspase-3 might be involved in the development and involution of hemangioma. Bcl-2 could promote the growth of hemangioma by inhibiting apoptosis of endothelia. Bax, Fas and cas- pase-3 promote the switch of hemangioma from proliferation to involution by inducing the apoptosis of hemangioma endothelia.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of Nigella sativa L (NS)and Urtica dioica L (UD) on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme systems and liver enzymes in CCl4-treated rats.METHODS: Fifty-six healthy male Wistar albino r...AIM: To investigate the effects of Nigella sativa L (NS)and Urtica dioica L (UD) on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme systems and liver enzymes in CCl4-treated rats.METHODS: Fifty-six healthy male Wistar albino rats were used in this study. The rats were randomly allotted into one of the four experimental groups: A (CCl4-only treated), B (CCl4+UD treated), C (CCl4+NS treated) and D (CCl4+UD+NS treated), each containing 14 animals.All groups received CCl4 (0.8 mL/kg of body weight, sc,twice a week for 60 d). Tn addition, B, C and D groups also received daily J.p. injections of 0.2 mL/kg NS or/and 2 mL/kg UD oils for 60 d. Group A, on the other hand,received only 2 mL/kg normal saline solution for 60 d.Blood samples for the biochemical analysis were taken by cardiac puncture from randomly chosen-seven rats in each treatment group at beginning and on the 60th d of the experiment.RESULTS: The CCl4 treatment for 60 d increased thelipid peroxidation and liver enzymes,and also decreasedthe antioxidant enzyme levels. NS or UD treatment (aloneor combination) for 60 d decreased the elevated lipidperoxidation and liver enzyme levels and also increasedthe reduced antioxidant enzyme levels.The weight ofrats decreased in group A,and increased in groups B, Cand D.CONCLUSION: NS and UD decrease the lipid peroxidation and liver enzymes, and increase the antioxidant defense system activity in the CCl4-treated rats.展开更多
基金This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shanxi Medical University(Approval No.2018LL016).
文摘BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have great potential for the treatment of various immune diseases due to their unique immunomodulatory properties.However,MSCs exposed to the harsh inflammatory environment of damaged tissue after intravenous transplantation cannot exert their biological effects,and therefore,their therapeutic efficacy is reduced.In this challenging context,an in vitro preconditioning method is necessary for the development of MSC-based therapies with increased immunomodulatory capacity and transplantation efficacy.AIM To determine whether hypoxia and inflammatory factor preconditioning increases the immunosuppressive properties of MSCs without affecting their biological characteristics.METHODS Umbilical cord MSCs(UC-MSCs)were pretreated with hypoxia(2%O_(2))exposure and inflammatory factors(interleukin-1β,tumor necrosis factor-α,interferon-γ)for 24 h.Flow cytometry,polymerase chain reaction,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and other experimental methods were used to evaluate the biological characteristics of pretreated UC-MSCs and to determine whether pretreatment affected the immunosuppressive ability of UC-MSCs in coculture with immune cells.RESULTS Pretreatment with hypoxia and inflammatory factors caused UC-MSCs to be elongated but did not affect their viability,proliferation or size.In addition,pretreatment significantly decreased the expression of coagulationrelated tissue factors but did not affect the expression of other surface markers.Similarly,mitochondrial function and integrity were retained.Although pretreatment promoted UC-MSC apoptosis and senescence,it increased the expression of genes and proteins related to immune regulation.Pretreatment increased peripheral blood mononuclear cell and natural killer(NK)cell proliferation rates and inhibited NK cell-induced toxicity to varying degrees.CONCLUSION In summary,hypoxia and inflammatory factor preconditioning led to higher immunosuppressive effects of MSCs without damaging their biological characteristics.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Project of the Sichuan Province Education Department,No. 16ZA0241the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 82060268the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 2020JJA140124。
文摘As an important treatment for acute myeloid leukemia, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT) plays an important role in reducing relapse and improving long-term survival. With rapid advancements in basic research in molecular biology and immunology and with deepening understanding of the biological characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells, allo-HSCT has been widely applied in clinical practice. During allo-HSCT, preconditioning, the donor, and the source of stem cells can be tailored to the patient’s conditions, greatly broadening the indications for HSCT, with clear survival benefits. However, the risks associated with allo-HSCT remain high, i.e. hematopoietic reconstitution failure, delayed immune reconstitution, graft-versus-host disease, and posttransplant relapse, which are bottlenecks for further improvements in allo-HSCT efficacy and have become hot topics in the field of HSCT. Other bottlenecks recognized in the current treatment of individuals diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia and subjected to allo-HSCT include the selection of the most appropriate conditioning regimen and post-transplantation management. In this paper, we reviewed the progress of relevant research regarding these aspects.
基金the Ministry of Science and Technology China Brain Initiative Grant,No.2022ZD0204701the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82071386&81870982(all to JG)。
文摘Dendrites play irreplaceable roles in the nerve conduction pathway and are vulnerable to various insults.Peripheral axotomy of motor neurons results in the retraction of dendritic arbors,and the dendritic arbor can be re-expanded when reinnervation is allowed.RhoA is a target that regulates the cytoskeleton and promotes neuronal survival and axon regeneration.However,the role of RhoA in dendrite degeneration and regeneration is unknown.In this study,we explored the potential role of RhoA in dendrites.A line of motor neuronal conditional knockout mice was developed by crossbreeding HB9~(Cre+)mice with RhoA~(flox/flox)mice.We established two models for assaying dendrite degeneration and regeneration,in which the brachial plexus was transection or crush injured,respectively.We found that at 28 days after brachial plexus transection,the density,complexity,and structural integrity of dendrites in the ventral horn of the spinal cord of RhoA conditional knockout mice were slightly decreased compared with that in Cre mice.Dendrites underwent degeneration at 7 and 14 days after brachial plexus transection and recovered at 28–56 days.The density,complexity,and structural integrity of dendrites in the ventral horn of the spinal cord of RhoA conditional knockout mice recovered compared with results in Cre mice.These findings suggest that RhoA knockout in motor neurons attenuates dendrite degeneration and promotes dendrite regeneration after peripheral nerve injury.
基金Acknowledgements Authors would like to thank Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering(BIOMATEN)for the support provided.Authors also acknowledge financial support provided by National Boron Institute(BOREN,Grant No:2018-31-07-25-001).
文摘In this study,boron-doped hydroxyapatite(BHT)-loaded alginate/gelatin-based(A/G)hydrogel coating on Ti was fabricated to support bone integration through triggering osteoinduction,vascularization and immunomodulation.Initially,highly reproducible,cheap and time-effective BHT was produced,which significantly promoted higher osteogenic and angiogenic maturation,while a mild innate immune response was observed.The immense potential of BHT was evidenced by the production of a gap-filling A/G/BHT interphase on Ti implants to mimic the osseous extracellular matrix to achieve functional bridging and exert control over the course of innate immune response.We initially aminosilanized the implant surface using 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane,and then coated it with 0.25%w/v alginate with 20 mM 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide to allowthe A/G/BHT pre-gel to disperse evenly and covalently attach on the surface.The pre-gel was added with 0.2 M NaCl to homogeneously blend BHT in the structure without inducing ionic crosslinking.Then,the coated implants were freeze-dried and stored.The coated layer demonstrated high cohesive and adhesive strength,and 8-month-long shelf-life at room temperature and normal humidity.The A/G/BHT was able to coat an irregularly shaped Ti implant.Osteoblasts and endothelial cells thrived on the A/G/BHT,and it demonstrated greatly improved osteogenic and angiogenic capacity.Moreover,A/G/BHT maintained macrophage viability and generated an acute increase in immune response that could be resolved rapidly.Finally,A/G/BHT was shown to induce the robust integration of implant in a rabbit femur osteochondral model within 2months.Therefore,we concluded that A/G/BHT coatings could serve as amultifunctional reservoir,promoting the strong and rapid osseointegration of metallic implants.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,No.2008085MH251Key Research and Development Project of Anhui Province,No.202004J07020037+1 种基金Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine,No.2021zhyx-C19National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship training program,No.202010366016。
文摘Different fates of neural stem/progenitor cells(NSPCs)and their progeny are determined by the gene regulatory network,where a chromatin-remodeling complex affects synergy with other regulators.Here,we review recent research progress indicating that the BRG1/BRM-associated factor(BAF)complex plays an important role in NSPCs during neural development and neural developmental disorders.Several studies based on animal models have shown that mutations in the BAF complex may cause abnormal neural differentiation,which can also lead to various diseases in humans.We discussed BAF complex subunits and their main characteristics in NSPCs.With advances in studies of human pluripotent stem cells and the feasibility of driving their differentiation into NSPCs,we can now investigate the role of the BAF complex in regulating the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of NSPCs.Considering recent progress in these research areas,we suggest that three approaches should be used in investigations in the near future.Sequencing of whole human exome and genome-wide association studies suggest that mutations in the subunits of the BAF complex are related to neurodevelopmental disorders.More insight into the mechanism of BAF complex regulation in NSPCs during neural cell fate decisions and neurodevelopment may help in exploiting new methods for clinical applications.
基金supported by China Natural Science Funding(No.81902937)Hubei University of Science and Technology ENT special project(No.2020WG06)+1 种基金Hubei University of Science and Technology ENT special project(No.2)and Hubei province Key R&D plan(2022BCE011)and(No.2020XZ30)for SDWHubei University of Science and Technology the Second Affiliated Hospital Scientific project(No.2020LCZ001)and ENT special project(No.2021WG10).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of a novel coated stent in the treatment of intracranial pseudoaneurysm.Methods:MEDLINE,EMBASE,and PubMed databases were searched for literature published between 1990 and April 2022 according to PRISMA guidelines.All studies with≥10 patients reporting successful implantation of Willis covered stent,therapeutic effect,complications,and postoperative follow-up were included.The combined incidence and corresponding 95%confidence intervals were assessed using a generalized linear mixed method and random effects model.Results:Five studies(116 patients with pseudoaneurysms)were included.The experimental groups in the selected studies showed a combined technical success rate of 81.03%(OR=18.31,95%CI=9.39-35.69,I^(2)=79%,P<0.001).Clinical follow-up showed that the complete cure rate was as high as 94.4%after the follow-up(OR=106.81,95%CI=39.08-291.88,I^(2)=0%,P=0.71).Conclusions:Willis covered stent is feasible,safe,and effective in the treatment of intracranial pseudoaneurysm.
文摘Introduction: This study aimed to perform routine seminal fluid analysis, sperm DNA fragmentation, and sperm function tests at the chromatin maturation level and evaluate pregnancy in the patients passing intrauterine insemination before starting Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) method. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 111 couples who underwent Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) in unexplained infertility patients were admitted to Al-Farah IVF and assisted reproductive center in Baghdad, Iraq between November 2020 and February 2021 were evaluated. Semen fluid analysis was performed based on (WHO 4th) guiding rules. In addition, Sperm Chromatin Dispersion (halo test) and sperm maturation were performed with Aniline Blue Stain (ABS). Results: Sperm Chromatin Dispersion (SCD) groups were compared in terms of pregnancy outcome;the positive pregnancy rate was found to be above in the normal SCD groups (p = 0.0005). In addition, Aniline Blue Stain (ABS) groups were compared in the terms of pregnancy outcome;the positive pregnancy rate was found to be higher in the normal ABS group (p = 0.017). Conclusion: Our study showed that the use of DNA fragmentation (SCD) and sperm maturation tests (ABS) together with routine semen analysis in intrauterine insemination cases will make a significant contribution to the prediction of Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) increased results. So, these results indicate a defect in the effect of DNA fragmentation on the outcome of intrauterine insemination.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Project of Hunan Education Department,No.21A0054.
文摘Developing novel cancer therapies that exploit programmed cell death pathways holds promise for advancing cancer treatment.According to a recently published study in Science,copper death(cuproptosis)occurs when intracellular copper is overloaded,triggering aggregation of lipidated mitochondrial proteins and Fe–S cluster proteins.This intriguing phenomenon is triggered by the instability of copper ions.Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind cuproptosis and its associated genes,as identified by Tsvetkov,including ferredoxin 1,lipoic acid synthase,lipoyltransferase 1,dihydrolipid amide dehydrogenase,dihydrolipoamide transacetylase,pyruvate dehydrogenaseα1,pyruvate dehydrogenaseβ,metallothionein,glutaminase,and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A,may open new avenues for cancer therapy.Here,we provide a new understanding of the role of copper death and related genes in cancer.
基金supported by The Norwegian Research CouncilDepartment of Ophthalmology,Oslo University Hospital,Oslo,Norway(to TPU)+10 种基金Department of Medical Biochemistry,Oslo University Hospital,Oslo,Norway(to TPU)The Norwegian Association for the Blind and Partially Sighted(to TPU)The Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan,China MOST 105-2917-I-002-031,MOST 109-2917-I-564-032(to KC)The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye-TUBITAK(to KG)BrightFocus Foundation(to KSC)the Massachusetts Lions Foundation(to KSC)National Eye Institute Grant EY031696(to DFC)Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center Grant(to DFC)Department of Defense(USA)HT9425-23-1-1045(to DFC and AL)Core Grant for Vision Research from NIH/NEI to the Schepens Eye Research Institute(P30EY003790)South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority and the Norwegian Society of the Blind(to TPU).
文摘Retinitis pigmentosa is a hereditary retinal disease that affects rod and cone photoreceptors,leading to progressive photoreceptor loss.Previous research supports the beneficial effect of electrical stimulation on photoreceptor survival.This study aims to identify the most effective electrical stimulation parameters and functional advantages of transcorneal electrical stimulation(tcES)in mice affected by inherited retinal degeneration.Additionally,the study seeked to analyze the electric field that reaches the retina in both eyes in mice and post-mortem humans.In this study,we recorded waveforms and voltages directed to the retina during transcorneal electrical stimulation in C57BL/6J mice using an intraocular needle probe with rectangular,sine,and ramp waveforms.To investigate the functional effects of electrical stimulation on photoreceptors,we used human retinal explant cultures and rhodopsin knockout(Rho^(-/-))mice,demonstrating progressive photoreceptor degeneration with age.Human retinal explants isolated from the donors’eyes were then subjected to electrical stimulation and cultured for 48 hours to simulate the neurodegenerative environment in vitro.Photoreceptor density was evaluated by rhodopsin immunolabeling.In vivo Rho^(-/-)mice were subjected to two 5-day series of daily transcorneal electrical stimulation using rectangular and ramp waveforms.Retinal function and visual perception of mice were evaluated by electroretinography and optomotor response(OMR),respectively.Immunolabeling was used to assess the morphological and biochemical changes of the photoreceptor and bipolar cells in mouse retinas.Oscilloscope recordings indicated effective delivery of rectangular,sine,and ramp waveforms to the retina by transcorneal electrical stimulation,of which the ramp waveform required the lowest voltage.Evaluation of the total conductive resistance of the post-mortem human compared to the mouse eyes indicated higher cornea-to-retina resistance in human eyes.The temperature recordings during and after electrical stimulation indicated no significant temperature change in vivo and only a subtle temperature increase in vitro(~0.5-1.5°C).Electrical stimulation increased photoreceptor survival in human retinal explant cultures,particularly at the ramp waveform.Transcorneal electrical stimulation(rectangular+ramp)waveforms significantly improved the survival and function of S and M-cones and enhanced visual acuity based on the optomotor response results.Histology and immunolabeling demonstrated increased photoreceptor survival,improved outer nuclear layer thickness,and increased bipolar cell sprouting in Rho^(-/-)mice.These results indicate that transcorneal electrical stimulation effectively delivers the electrical field to the retina,improves photoreceptor survival in both human and mouse retinas,and increases visual function in Rho^(-/-)mice.Combined rectangular and ramp waveform stimulation can promote photoreceptor survival in a minimally invasive fashion.
文摘AIM:To investigate the effect of lacidipine,thiamine pyrophosphate(TPP)and the combination of lacidipine and TPP against oxidative and inflammatory eye damage induced by bilateral common carotid artery ligation in rats.METHODS:Male albino Wistar rats were categorized as those who underwent sham surgery(SG),right and left common carotid cross-clamping and unclamping procedure(CCU),lacidipine+CCU(LCCU),TPP+CCU(TCCU),and combination of lacidipine and TPP(LTC)+CCU(LTCCU).One hour before anesthesia,the LCCU(n=6)received lacidipine(4 mg/kg,orally)and the TCCU(n=6)received TPP(20 mg/kg,intraperitoneally).The SG(n=6)and CCU(n=6)received the same volume of distilled water from the same route.After anesthesia(60 mg/kg ketamine,intraperitoneally),the necks of the rats were opened in the midline.Ischemia was created for 10min by placing clips on the right and left common carotid arteries.Rats in the SG only underwent subcutaneous incision.After 10min,the clips were removed and reperfusion was achieved for six days.Then,the animals were euthanized(120 mg/kg ketamine,intraperitoneally)and the levels of oxidant,antioxidant and proinflammatory cytokines in the eye tissues were determined.The retinal tissue of the eye was also examined histopathologically.RESULTS:Lacidipine,TPP,and LTC significantly prevent the increase in malondialdehyde,tumor necrosis factoralpha,interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and IL-6 levels,decrease in total glutathione levels,superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and histopathological retinal damage in eye tissue induced by bilateral common carotid artery ligation in rats.The impact of these drugs on protection is determined to be LTC>lacidipine>TPP.CONCLUSION:As a result of the study,it is concluded that LTC may be more effective than lacidipine and TPP alone in treating ocular ischemic syndrome.
基金approved by the medical ethics committee of the authors’institution(protocol number:56733164-203-E.5863).
文摘BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve injury can result in significant clinical complications that have uncertain prognoses.Currently,there is a lack of effective pharmacological interventions for nerve damage,despite the existence of several small compounds,Despite the objective of achieving full functional restoration by surgical intervention,the persistent challenge of inadequate functional recovery remains a significant concern in the context of peripheral nerve injuries.AIM To examine the impact of exosomes on the process of functional recovery following a complete radial nerve damage.METHODS A male individual,aged 24,who is right-hand dominant and an immigrant,arrived with an injury caused by a knife assault.The cut is located on the left arm,specifically below the elbow.The neurological examination and electrodiagnostic testing reveal evidence of left radial nerve damage.The sural autograft was utilized for repair,followed by the application of 1 mL of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome,comprising 5 billion microvesicles.This exosome was split into four equal volumes of 0.25 mL each and delivered microsurgically to both the proximal and distal stumps using the subepineural pathway.The patient was subjected to a period of 180 d during which they had neurological examination and electrodiagnostic testing.RESULTS The duration of the patient’s follow-up period was 180 d.An increasing Tinel’s sign and sensory-motor recovery were detected even at the 10th wk following nerve grafting.Upon the conclusion of the 6-mo post-treatment period,an evaluation was conducted to measure the extent of improvement in motor and sensory functions of the nerve.This assessment was based on the British Medical Research Council scale and the Mackinnon-Dellon scale.The results indicated that the level of improvement in motor function was classified as M5,denoting an excellent outcome.Additionally,the level of improvement in sensory function was classified as S3+,indicating a good outcome.It is noteworthy that these assessments were conducted in the absence of physical therapy.At the 10th wk post-injury,despite the persistence of substantial axonal damage,the nerve exhibited indications of nerve re-innervation as evidenced by control electromyography(EMG).In contrast to the preceding.EMG analysis revealed a significant electrophysiological enhancement in the EMG conducted at the 6th-mo follow-up,indicating ongoing regeneration.CONCLUSION Enhanced comprehension of the neurobiological ramifications associated with peripheral nerve damage,as well as the experimental and therapy approaches delineated in this investigation,holds the potential to catalyze future clinical progress.
文摘Although the liver has a high regenerative capacity,as a result of massive hepatocyte death,liver failure occurs. In addition to liver failure,for acute,chronic and hereditary diseases of the liver,cell transplantation therapies can stimulate regeneration or at least ensure sufficient function until liver transplantation can be performed. The lack of donor organs and the risks of rejection have prompted extensive experimental and clinical research in the field of cellular transplantation. Transplantation of cell lineages involved in liver regeneration,including mature hepatocytes,fetal hepatocytes,fetal liver progenitor cells,fetal stem cells,hepatic progenitor cells,hepatic stem cells,mesenchymal stem cells,hematopoietic stem cells,and peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood stem cells,have been found to be beneficial in the treatment of liver failure.In this article,the results of experimental and clinical cell transplantation trials for liver failure are reviewed,with an emphasis on regeneration.
基金Supported by PhD Foundation of Education Ministry, China, No. 2005006Youth Foundation of Heilongjiang Province, No. QC060061Foundation of Health Hall, Heilongjiang Province, No. 2005-009
文摘AIM: To observe the inhibition of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and expression by combination of siRNA and lamivudine in HepG2.2.15 cells. METHODS: Recombinant plasmid psil-HBV was constructed and transfected into HepG2.2.15 cells. The transfected cells were cultured in lamivudine-containing medium (0.05 μmol/L) and harvested at 48, 72 and 96 h. The concentration of HBeAg and HBsAg was determined using ELISA. HBV DNA replication was examined by real- time PCR and the level of HBV mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. RESULTS: In HepG2.2.15 cells treated with combination of siRNA and lamivudine, the secretion of HBeAg and HBsAg into the supernatant was found to be inhibited by 91.80% and 82.40% (2.89 ± 0.48 vs 11.73 ± 0.38, P < 0.05; 4.59 ± 0.57 vs 16.25 ± 0.48, P < 0.05) at 96 h, respectively; the number of HBV DNA copies within culture medium was also significantly decreased at 96 h (1.04 ± 0.26 vs 8.35 ± 0.33, P < 0.05). Moreover, mRNA concentration in HepG2.2.15 cells treated with combination of siRNA and lamivudine was obviously lower compared to those treated either with siRNA or lamivudine (19.44 ± 0.17 vs 33.27 ± 0.21 or 79.9 ± 0.13, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Combination of siRNA and lamivudine is more effective in inhibiting HBV replication as compared to the single use of siRNA or lamivudine in HepG2.2.15 cells.
文摘Objective To investigate the pretreatment effects of Rhodiola rosea (R. rosea) extract on cognitive dysfunction, oxidative stress in hippocampus and hippocampal neuron injury in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with R. rosea extract at doses of 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 g/kg for 3 weeks, followed by bilateral intracerebroventricular injection with streptozotocin (1.5 mg/kg) on days 1 and 3. Behavioral alterations were monitored after 2 weeks from the lesion using Morris water maze task. Three weeks after the lesion, the rats were sacrificed for measuring the malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione reductase (GR) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in hippocampus and histopathology of hippocampal neurons. Results The MDA level was significantly increased while the GR and GSH levels were significantly decreased with striking impairments in spatial learning and memory and severe damage to hippocampal neurons in the model rat induced by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin. These abnormalities were significantly improved by pretreatment with R. rosea extract (3.0 g/kg). Conclusion R. rosea extract can protect rats against cognitive deficits, neuronal injury and oxidative stress induced by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin, and may be used as a potential agent in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
文摘Oxidative stress has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP). Antioxidants, alone or in combination with conventional therapy, should improve oxidative-stress-induced organ damage and therefore accelerate the rate of recovery. In recent years, substantial amounts of data about the efficiency of antioxidants against oxidative damage have been obtained from experiments with rodents. Some of these antioxidants have been found beneficial in the treatment of AP in humans; however, at present there is insufficient clinical data to support the benefits of antioxidants, alone or in combination with conven-tional therapy, in the management of AP in humans. Conflicting results obtained from experimental animals and humans may represent distinct pathophysiological mechanisms mediating tissue injury in different species. Further detailed studies should be done to clarify the exact mechanisms of tissue injury in human AP. Herein I tried to review the existing experimental and clinical studies on AP in order to determine the efficiency of antioxidants. The use of antioxidant enriched nutrition is a potential direction of clinical research in AP given the lack of clues about the efficiency and safety of antioxidant usage in patients with AP.
基金This project was supported by a grant from the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China (No. 30500224)
文摘The relationship between Bcl-2, Bax, Fas, caspase-3 and development of hemangiomaand the molecular mechanism was investigated. By using immunohistochemical S-P method, prolif- erating cell nuclear antigen was detected. According to the classification of Mulliken in combination with PCNA expression, 27 cases were identified as proliferating hemangioma and 22 cases as invo- lutive hemangioma. Five normal skin tissues around the tumor tissue served as controls. By using immunohistochemical technique, the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Fax and Caspase-3 was detected. The cells expressing Bcl-2, Bax, Fax and cappase-3 were identified as hemangioma endothelia by immu- nohistochemical staining of VIII factor. The average absorbance (A) and average positive area rate of Bcl-2, Bax, Fas and caspase-3 expression were measured by using HPIAS-2000 imaging analysis system. The results showed that the expression of Bcl-2 in the endothelia of proliferating heman- gioma was significantly higher that in involutive degenerative hemangioma endothelia and vascular endothelia of normal skin tissue (P<0.01). The expression of Bax, Fas and Caspase-3 in the endothe- lia of involutive hemangioma was obviously higher than in the endothelia of proliferating heman- gioma and normal skin tissue (P<0.01). The expression of BAx and Fas in endothelia of proliferating hemangioma was higher than in those of normal skin tissue (P<0.05). It was suggested that Bcl-2, Bax, Fas and caspase-3 might be involved in the development and involution of hemangioma. Bcl-2 could promote the growth of hemangioma by inhibiting apoptosis of endothelia. Bax, Fas and cas- pase-3 promote the switch of hemangioma from proliferation to involution by inducing the apoptosis of hemangioma endothelia.
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of Nigella sativa L (NS)and Urtica dioica L (UD) on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme systems and liver enzymes in CCl4-treated rats.METHODS: Fifty-six healthy male Wistar albino rats were used in this study. The rats were randomly allotted into one of the four experimental groups: A (CCl4-only treated), B (CCl4+UD treated), C (CCl4+NS treated) and D (CCl4+UD+NS treated), each containing 14 animals.All groups received CCl4 (0.8 mL/kg of body weight, sc,twice a week for 60 d). Tn addition, B, C and D groups also received daily J.p. injections of 0.2 mL/kg NS or/and 2 mL/kg UD oils for 60 d. Group A, on the other hand,received only 2 mL/kg normal saline solution for 60 d.Blood samples for the biochemical analysis were taken by cardiac puncture from randomly chosen-seven rats in each treatment group at beginning and on the 60th d of the experiment.RESULTS: The CCl4 treatment for 60 d increased thelipid peroxidation and liver enzymes,and also decreasedthe antioxidant enzyme levels. NS or UD treatment (aloneor combination) for 60 d decreased the elevated lipidperoxidation and liver enzyme levels and also increasedthe reduced antioxidant enzyme levels.The weight ofrats decreased in group A,and increased in groups B, Cand D.CONCLUSION: NS and UD decrease the lipid peroxidation and liver enzymes, and increase the antioxidant defense system activity in the CCl4-treated rats.
