Introduction: Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed male malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide. Since the advent of screening methods such as Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA...Introduction: Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed male malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide. Since the advent of screening methods such as Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) assay, digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate biopsy, its incidence has increased significantly. The aim of our study was to analyse aspects of bone scintigraphy (BS) as part of the metastatic extension assessment of prostate cancer in Senegal. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive and analytical study, running from January 1<sup>er</sup> 2022 to August 31 2023. Patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer were included. Whole-body scans (WBS) were performed using a dual-head SPECT gamma camera (Mediso Nucline TM Spirit DH-V type), 3 hours after intravenous injection of 8 MBq/kg (555 to 740 MBq) of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-HMDP. Results: A total of 288 patients with a mean age of 68.37 ± 7.79 years were included. The median total PSA level was 97.6 ng/ml, with 144 patients having a level greater than or equal to 20 ng/ml. All patients had adenocarcinoma, and the Gleason score was available in 202 (70.13%) patients, 75.75% of whom had a score greater than or equal to 7. BS was contributory in 70.48% of cases, with 30.90% positive and 39.58% negative. The result was inconclusive in 85 patients (29.51%). The mean PSA for patients with a positive scan was 190.2 ng/ml and 40.6 ng/ml for those with a negative scan. Multiple metastatic lesions predominated (87.35% of cases). Metastatic lesions occurred preferentially in the axial skeleton, with a proportion of 68% versus 32% in the appendicular skeleton. Classification of bone metastases according to the SOLOWAY score revealed grade I (62.07%), grade II (35.63%) and grade IV (2.30%). Conclusion: In Senegal, prostate cancer is generally diagnosed in men of advanced age. The presence of bone metastases is frequent in its evolution, transforming a curable localized disease into a generalized disease with a compromised prognosis. Bone scintigraphy remains an essential part of the initial work-up and evaluation of response to treatment.展开更多
Nuclear medicine plays an irreplaceable role in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors.Radiopharmaceuticals are important components of nuclear medicine.Among the radiopharmaceuticals approved by the Food and Drug Admi...Nuclear medicine plays an irreplaceable role in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors.Radiopharmaceuticals are important components of nuclear medicine.Among the radiopharmaceuticals approved by the Food and Drug Administration(FDA),radio-tracers targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen(PSMA)and somatostatin receptor(SSTR)have held essential positions in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancers and neuroendocrine neoplasms,respectively.In recent years,FDA-approved serials of immune-therapy and targeted therapy drugs targeting programmed death 1(PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1),human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2),and nectin cell adhesion molecule 4(Nectin 4).How to screen patients suitable for these treatments and monitor the therapy?Nuclear medicine with specific radiopharmaceuticals can visualize the expression level of those targets in systemic lesions and evaluate the efficacy of treatment.In addition to radiopharmaceuticals,imaging equipment is also a key step for nuclear medicine.Advanced equipment including total-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)and positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging(PET/MRI)has been developed,which contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of tumors,as well as the development of new radiopharmaceuticals.Here,we conclude most recently advances of radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine,and they substantially increase the“arsenal”of clinicians for tumor therapy.展开更多
AIM: To explore portal hypertension and portosys-temic shunts and to stage chronic liver disease (CLD) based on the pathophysiology of portal hemodynam-ics. METHODS: Per-rectal portal scintigraphy (PRPS) was performed...AIM: To explore portal hypertension and portosys-temic shunts and to stage chronic liver disease (CLD) based on the pathophysiology of portal hemodynam-ics. METHODS: Per-rectal portal scintigraphy (PRPS) was performed on 312 patients with CLD and liver angio-scintigraphy (LAS) on 231 of them. The control group included 25 healthy subjects. We developed a new model of PRPS interpretation by introducing two new parameters,the liver transit time (LTT) and the circu-lation time between right heart and liver (RHLT). LTT for each lobe was used to evaluate the early portal hypertension. RHLT is useful in cirrhosis to detect liver areas missing portal in? ow. We calculated the classical per-rectal portal shunt index (PRSI) at PRPS and the hepatic perfusion index (HPI) at LAS. RESULTS: The normal LTT value was 24 ± 1 s. Abnor-mal LTT had PPV = 100% for CLD. Twenty-seven non-cirrhotic patients had LTT increased up to 35 s (median 27 s). RHLT (42 ± 1 s) was not related to liver disease. Cirrhosis could be excluded in all patients with PRSI < 5% (P < 0.01). PRSI > 30% had PPV = 100% for cirrhosis. Based on PRPS and LAS we propose the clas-sifi cation of CLD in 5 hemodynamic stages. Stage 0 is normal (LTT = 24 s,PRSI < 5%). In stage 1,LTT is increased,while PRSI remains normal. In stage 2,LTT is decreased between 16 s and 23 s,whereas PRSI is increased between 5% and 10%. In stage 3,PRSI is increased to 10%-30%,and LTT becomes undetect-able by PRPS due to the portosystemic shunts. Stage 4 includes the patients with PRSI > 30%. RHLT and HPI were used to subtype stage 4. In our study stage 0 had NPV = 100% for CLD,stage 1 had PPV = 100% for non-cirrhotic CLD,stages 2 and 3 represented the transition from chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis,stage 4 had PPV = 100% for cirrhosis. CONCLUSION: LTT allows the detection of early por-tal hypertension and of opening of transhepatic shunts. PRSI is useful in CLD with extrahepatic portosystemic shunts. Our hemodynamic model stages the evolution of portal hypertension and portosystemic shunts. It may be of use in the selection of patients for interferon therapy.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the hepatic hemodynamics in the Budd-Chiari syndrome(BCS) using per-rectal portal scintigraphy(PRPS) and liver angioscintigraphy(LAS).METHODS:Fourteen consecutive patients with BCS were evaluated by...AIM:To investigate the hepatic hemodynamics in the Budd-Chiari syndrome(BCS) using per-rectal portal scintigraphy(PRPS) and liver angioscintigraphy(LAS).METHODS:Fourteen consecutive patients with BCS were evaluated by PRPS between 2003 and 2012.Ten of them underwent LAS and liver scan(LS) with Tc-99m colloid.Eleven patients had clinical manifestations and three were asymptomatic,incidentally diagnosed at PRPS.The control group included 15 healthy subjects.We used new parameters at PRPS,the liver transit time of portal inflow and the blood circulation time between the right heart and liver.PRPS offered information on the hepatic areas missing venous outflow or portal inflow,length and extent of the lesions,open portosystemic shunts(PSS),involvement of the caudate lobe(CL) as an intrahepatic shunt and flow reversal in the splenic vein.LAS was useful in the differential diagnosis between the BCS and portal obstructions,highlightingthe hepatic artery buffer response and reversed portal flow.LS offered complementary data,especially on the CL.RESULTS:We described three hemodynamic categories of the BCS with several subtypes and stages,based on the finding that perfusion changes depend on the initial number and succession in time of the hepatic veins(HVs) obstructions.Obstruction of one hepatic vein(HV) did not cause opening of PSS.The BCS debuted by common obstruction of two HVs had different hemodynamic aspects in acute and chronic stages after subsequent obstruction of the third HV.In chronic stages,obstruction of two HVs resulted in opening of PSS.The BCS,determined by thrombosis of the terminal part of the inferior vena cava,presented in the acute stage with open PSS with low speed flow.At least several weeks are required in the obstructions of two or three HVs for the spontaneous opening of dynamically efficient PSS.The CL seems to have only a transient important role of intrahepatic shunt in several types of the BCS.CONCLUSION:Dynamic nuclear medicine investigations assess the extent and length of hepatic venous obstructions,open collaterals,areas without portal inflow,hemodynamic function of the CL and reverse venous flow.展开更多
BACKGROUND Peripheral FDG accumulation in a hepatic hemangioma presenting in a patient with prolonged fever is rare.Therefore,clinicians should pay close attention to patients with hepatic mass.CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-...BACKGROUND Peripheral FDG accumulation in a hepatic hemangioma presenting in a patient with prolonged fever is rare.Therefore,clinicians should pay close attention to patients with hepatic mass.CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old woman with a 4-wk history of daily fevers was admitted to our hospital.A whole body^(18)-Fluordesoxyglucose(PET-FDG)positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)was performed to elucidate the source of the fever.However,whole body^(18)-FDG PET/CT raised the suspicion of a malignant lesion because of peripheral FDG accumulation(SUVmax 3.5 g/mL)higher than that of the normal liver parenchyma(SUVmax 1.6 g/mL)surrounding a hypoactive area,and no other abnormalities were showed.Subsequently,the patient underwent liver mass resection.Histopathology showed a hepatic cavernous hemangioma with fatty infiltration around the lesion.The fever disappeared four days after surgery and the patient did not present any complications during follow-up.CONCLUSION Fatty infiltration in the peripheral parts of hepatic cavernous hemangioma may lead to subacute inflammation which further activate the Kupffer cells.This may cause prolonged fever and peripheral rim FDG accumulation on PET/CT.展开更多
BACKGROUND The research findings suggest that the prognosis of children with Wilms tumor(WT)is affected by various factors.Some scholars have indicated that loss of heterozygosity(LOH)on chromosome 16q is associated w...BACKGROUND The research findings suggest that the prognosis of children with Wilms tumor(WT)is affected by various factors.Some scholars have indicated that loss of heterozygosity(LOH)on chromosome 16q is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with WT.AIM To further elucidate this relationship,we conducted a meta-analysis.METHODS This meta-analysis was registered in INPLASY(INPLASY2023100060).We systematically searched databases including Embase,PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane,and Google Scholar up to May 31,2020,for randomized trials reporting any intrapartum fetal surveillance approach.The meta-analysis was performed within a frequentist framework,and the quality and network inconsistency of trials were assessed.Odds ratios and 95%CIs were calculated to report the relationship between event-free survival and 16q LOH in patients with WT.RESULTS Eleven cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis to estimate the relationship between event-free survival and 16q LOH in patients with WT(I^(2)=25%,P<0.001).As expected,16q LOH can serve as an effective predictor of eventfree survival in patients with WT(risk ratio=1.95,95%CI:1.52–2.49,P<0.001).CONCLUSION In pediatric patients with WT,there exists a partial correlation between 16q LOH and an unfavorable treatment prognosis.Clinical detection of 16q chromosome LOH warrants increased attention to the patient’s prognosis.展开更多
Paragangliomas,also known as pheochromocytomas(1–9 cases per million),arise in the paraganglia.[1]Pheochromocytomas occur in the adrenal glands,while paragangliomas occur elsewhere.[2]Paragangliomas originate from pa...Paragangliomas,also known as pheochromocytomas(1–9 cases per million),arise in the paraganglia.[1]Pheochromocytomas occur in the adrenal glands,while paragangliomas occur elsewhere.[2]Paragangliomas originate from paraganglion cells,which are derived from the neural ectoderm of the nerves and migrate along both sides of the median axis from the base of the skull to the pelvis during embryonic development.展开更多
BACKGROUND In observational studies,dietary intakes are associated with gastroesophageal re-flux disease(GERD).AIM To conduct a two-sample mendelian randomization(MR)analysis to determine whether those associations ar...BACKGROUND In observational studies,dietary intakes are associated with gastroesophageal re-flux disease(GERD).AIM To conduct a two-sample mendelian randomization(MR)analysis to determine whether those associations are causal.METHODS To explore the relationship between dietary intake and the risk of GERD,we extracted appropriate single nucleotide polymorphisms from genome-wide asso-ciation study data on 24 dietary intakes.Three methods were adopted for data analysis:Inverse variance weighting,weighted median methods,and MR-Egger's method.The odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(CI)were used to eva-luate the causal association between dietary intake and GERD.RESULTS Our univariate Mendelian randomization(UVMR)results showed significant evidence that pork intake(OR,2.83;95%CI:1.76-4.55;P=1.84×10–5),beer intake(OR,2.70,95%CI:2.00-3.64;P=6.54×10–11),non-oily fish intake(OR,2.41;95%CI:1.49-3.91;P=3.59×10–4)have a protective effect on GERD.In addition,dried fruit intake(OR,0.37;95%CI:0.27-0.50;6.27×10–11),red wine intake(OR,0.34;95%CI:0.25-0.47;P=1.90×10-11),cheese intake(OR,0.46;95%CI:0.39-0.55;P=3.73×10-19),bread intake(OR,0.72;95%CI:0.56-0.92;P=0.0009)and cereal intake(OR,0.45;95%CI:0.36-0.57;P=2.07×10-11)were negatively associated with the risk of GERD.There was a suggestive asso-ciation for genetically predicted coffee intake(OR per one SD increase,1.22,95%CI:1.03-1.44;P=0.019).Multi-variate Mendelian randomization further confirmed that dried fruit intake,red wine intake,cheese intake,and cereal intake directly affected GERD.In contrast,the impact of pork intake,beer intake,non-oily fish intake,and bread intake on GERD was partly driven by the common risk factors for GERD.However,after adjusting for all four elements,there was no longer a suggestive association between coffee intake and GERD.CONCLUSION This study provides MR evidence to support the causal relationship between a broad range of dietary intake and GERD,providing new insights for the treatment and prevention of GERD.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer stem cells(CCSCs)are heterogeneous cells that can self-renew and undergo multidirectional differentiation in colorectal cancer(CRC)patients.CCSCs are generally accepted to be important sou...BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer stem cells(CCSCs)are heterogeneous cells that can self-renew and undergo multidirectional differentiation in colorectal cancer(CRC)patients.CCSCs are generally accepted to be important sources of CRC and are responsible for the progression,metastasis,and therapeutic resistance of CRC.Therefore,targeting this specific subpopulation has been recognized as a promising strategy for overcoming CRC.AIM To investigate the effect of VX-509 on CCSCs and elucidate the underlying mechanism.METHODS CCSCs were enriched from CRC cell lines by in conditioned serum-free medium.Western blot,Aldefluor,transwell and tumorigenesis assays were performed to verify the phenotypic characteristics of the CCSCs.The anticancer efficacy of VX-509 was assessed in HCT116 CCSCs and HT29 CCSCs by performing cell viability analysis,colony formation,sphere formation,flow cytometry,and western blotting assessments in vitro and tumor growth,immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assessments in vivo.RESULTS Compared with parental cells,sphere cells derived from HCT116 and HT29 cells presented increased expression of stem cell transcription factors and stem cell markers and were more potent at promoting migration and tumori-genesis,demonstrating that the CRC sphere cells displayed CSC features.VX-509 inhibited the tumor malignant biological behavior of CRC-stem-like cells,as indicated by their proliferation,migration and clonality in vitro,and suppressed the tumor of CCSC-derived xenograft tumors in vivo.Besides,VX-509 suppressed the CSC character-istics of CRC-stem-like cells and inhibited the progression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)signaling in vitro.Nodal was identified as the regulatory factor of VX-509 on CRC stem-like cells through analyses of differen-tially expressed genes and CSC-related database information.VX-509 markedly downregulated the expression of Nodal and its downstream phosphorylated Smad2/3 to inhibit EMT progression.Moreover,VX-509 reversed the dedifferentiation of CCSCs and inhibited the progression of EMT induced by Nodal overexpression.CONCLUSION VX-509 prevents the EMT process in CCSCs by inhibiting the transcription and protein expression of Nodal,and inhibits the dedifferentiated self-renewal of CCSCs.展开更多
BACKGROUND There are limited data on the use of glucose transport protein 1(GLUT-1)expre-ssion as a biomarker for predicting lymph node metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer.GLUT-1 and GLUT-3,hexokinase(HK)-II...BACKGROUND There are limited data on the use of glucose transport protein 1(GLUT-1)expre-ssion as a biomarker for predicting lymph node metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer.GLUT-1 and GLUT-3,hexokinase(HK)-II,and hypoxia-induced factor(HIF)-1 expressions may be useful biomarkers for detecting primary tumors and lymph node metastasis when combined with fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)uptake on positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT).AIM To evaluate GLUT-1,GLUT-3,HK-II,and HIF-1 expressions as biomarkers for detecting primary tumors and lymph node metastasis with 18F-FDG-PET/CT.METHODS This retrospective study included 169 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent colectomy and preoperative 18F-FDG-PET/CT at Chungbuk National University Hospital between January 2009 and May 2012.Two tissue cores from the central and peripheral areas of the tumors were obtained and were examined by a dedicated pathologist,and the expressions of GLUT-1,GLUT-3,HK-II,and HIF-1 were determined using immunohisto-chemical staining.We analyzed the correlations among their expressions,various clinicopathological factors,and the maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax)of PET/CT.RESULTS GLUT-1 was found at the center or periphery of the tumors in 109(64.5%)of the 169 patients.GLUT-1 positivity was significantly correlated with the SUVmax of the primary tumor and lymph nodes,regardless of the biopsy site(tumor center,P<0.001 and P=0.012;tumor periphery,P=0.030 and P=0.010,respectively).GLUT-1 positivity and negativity were associated with higher and lower sensitivities of PET/CT,respectively,for the detection of lymph node metastasis,regardless of the biopsy site.GLUT3,HK-II,and HIF-1 expressions were not significantly correlated with the SUVmax of the primary tumor and lymph nodes.CONCLUSION GLUT-1 expression was significantly correlated with the SUVmax of 18F-FDG-PET/CT for primary tumors and lymph nodes.Clinicians should consider GLUT-1 expression in preoperative endoscopic biopsy in interpreting PET/CT findings.展开更多
With increasing evidence,internal radiation therapy,also known as brachytherapy,has become a neglected aspect of nuclear medicine in the molecular era.In this paper,recent developments regarding internal radiation the...With increasing evidence,internal radiation therapy,also known as brachytherapy,has become a neglected aspect of nuclear medicine in the molecular era.In this paper,recent developments regarding internal radiation therapy,including developments in radioiodine-131(^(131) I) and thyroid,radioimmunotherapy(RIT) for non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL),and radiopharmaceuticals for bone metastases.Relevant differences and status of their applications in China were mentioned as well.These molecular mediated internal radiation therapies are gaining increasing importance by providing palliative and curative treatments for an increasing number of diseases and becoming one of the important parts of molecular nuclear medicine.展开更多
This paper outlines briefly the role of nuclear medicine in life sciences and health care. Molecular imaging by using isotopic tracers can noninvasively visualize the chemistry or hidden process in the cells and tissu...This paper outlines briefly the role of nuclear medicine in life sciences and health care. Molecular imaging by using isotopic tracers can noninvasively visualize the chemistry or hidden process in the cells and tissues inside the body, obtaining "functional" images to provide early information of any disease and revealing the secrets of life. The vitality of nuclear medicine is its ability to translate bench into new clinical application that can benefits the patients. Although nuclear medicine community in China has made significant achievement with a great effort since 1950s, there are many obstacles to future development. Recommended measures are proposed here in an attempt to solve our existing problems.展开更多
Estrogen receptor(ER) is a vital biomarker in the development and development of breast cancer, and its status has great clinical value in clinical treatment strategy, endocrine therapy efficacy prediction, and breast...Estrogen receptor(ER) is a vital biomarker in the development and development of breast cancer, and its status has great clinical value in clinical treatment strategy, endocrine therapy efficacy prediction, and breast cancer prognosis. By specifically combining <sup>18</sup>F-FES with ER, <sup>18</sup>F-FES PET/CT imaging uses standard uptake value(SUV) to semi-quantitatively reflect the distribution of ER and its biological activity in patients, and assesses the expression of ER in breast cancer patients about primary and metastases before or after treatment, to provide a basis for personalized treatment of breast cancer. In this review, we will review the imaging principles of a new ER detection method <sup>18</sup>F-FES PET/CT, and the research progress in the clinical application of breast cancer, and compare its diagnostic and treatment value with non-specific tumor imaging <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT in breast cancer.展开更多
Osteonecrosis(ON) is caused by inadequate blood supply leading to bone death, which results in the collapse of the architectural bony structure. Femoral head is the most common site involved in ON. Magnetic resonance ...Osteonecrosis(ON) is caused by inadequate blood supply leading to bone death, which results in the collapse of the architectural bony structure. Femoral head is the most common site involved in ON. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is a commonly used imaging modality to detect early ON. When MRI is inconclusive, bone scan is helpful in detecting ON during early phase of the disease. As newer nuclear medicine equipment, like single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography(CT) and positron emission tomography/CT, are emerging in medical science, we review the role of these imaging modalities in ON of femoral head.展开更多
To study the relationship between p53 protein, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and benign or malignant gestational trophoblastic disease (MGTD). Methods: The histotomic sections of 48 patients wit...To study the relationship between p53 protein, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and benign or malignant gestational trophoblastic disease (MGTD). Methods: The histotomic sections of 48 patients with gestational trophoblastic disease and 24 patients of normal chorionic villi were stained using immunohistochemistry. The monoclonal antibodies were used to determine p53 protein and PCNA. Results: The frequency of p53 and PCNA positive expression were significantly different among the chorionic villi of normal pregnancy, hydratidiform mole (HM) and MGTD. But neither p53 nor PCNA has any relation with the clinical staging or metastasis of MGTD. Conclusion: Both P53 and PCNA are valuable in diagnosis of human gestational trophoblastic disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND Nuclear protein in testis(NUT) carcinoma is a rare aggressive malignant epithelial cell tumor, previously known as NUT midline carcinoma(NMC), characterized by an acquired rearrangement of the gene encoding...BACKGROUND Nuclear protein in testis(NUT) carcinoma is a rare aggressive malignant epithelial cell tumor, previously known as NUT midline carcinoma(NMC), characterized by an acquired rearrangement of the gene encoding NUT on chromosome 15q14. Due to the lack of characteristic pathological features, it is often underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed. A variety of methods can be used to diagnose NMC, including immunohistochemistry, karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and next-generation sequencing. So far, there is no standard treatment plan for NMC and the prognosis is poor, related to its rapid progression, easy recurrence, and unsatisfactory treatment outcome.CASE SUMMARY A 58-year-old female came to our hospital with a complaint of eye swelling and pain for 8 d. The diagnosis of NMC was confirmed after postoperative pathology and genetic testing. The patient developed nausea and vomiting, headache, and loss of vision in both eyes to blindness after surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT) performed after 1.5 mo postoperatively suggested tumor recurrence. The patient obtained remission after radiation therapy to some extent and after initial treatment with anti-angiogenic drugs and sonodynamic therapy(SDT), but cannot achieve long-term stability and eventually developed distant metastases, with an overall survival of only 17 mo.CONCLUSION For patients with rapidly progressing sinus tumors and poor response to initial treatment, the possibility of NMC should be considered and immunohistochemical staining with anti-NUT should be performed as soon as possible, combined with genetic testing if necessary. CT, MRI, and PET/CT imaging are essential for the staging, management, treatment response assessment and monitoring of NMC. This case is the first attempt to apply heat therapy and SDT in the treatment of NMC, unfortunately, the prognosis remained poor.展开更多
Zhenxuanyin (镇眩饮) is composed of pure Chinese medicinal herbs, such as gastrodia tuber, poria cocos, ligusticum wallichii etc. 4-verssel occlusion (4VO) model rats were reperfused after 30 minutes’ complete occlus...Zhenxuanyin (镇眩饮) is composed of pure Chinese medicinal herbs, such as gastrodia tuber, poria cocos, ligusticum wallichii etc. 4-verssel occlusion (4VO) model rats were reperfused after 30 minutes’ complete occlusion, and Zhenxuanyin was administered 3 times a day. 24 hours later, 123I-IMP uptake in the brain was evaluated as an index of cerebral blood flow (CBF). The results show that Zhenxuanyin (0.03g kg, 0.3g kg, Ig kg, or 3g/ kg a day) can greatly improve the blood flow in the main cerebral regions, and 0.3g/ kg can increase cerebral blood flow (CBF) to the normal level.展开更多
Claudin18.2(CLDN18.2)is a tight junction protein that is overexpressed in a variety of solid tumors such as gastrointestinal cancer and oesophageal cancer.It has been identified as a promising target and a potential b...Claudin18.2(CLDN18.2)is a tight junction protein that is overexpressed in a variety of solid tumors such as gastrointestinal cancer and oesophageal cancer.It has been identified as a promising target and a potential biomarker to diagnose tumor,evaluate efficacy,and determine patient prognosis.TST001 is a recombinant humanized CLDN18.2 antibody that selectively binds to the extracellular loop of human Claudin18.2.In this study,we constructed a solid target radionuclide zirconium-^(89)(^(89)Zr)labled-TST001 to detect the expression of in the human stomach cancer BGC823CLDN18.2 cell lines.The[^(89)Zr]Zr-desferrioxamine(DFO)-TST001 showed high radiochemical purity(RCP,>99%)and specific activity(24.15±1.34 GBq/mmol),and was stable in 5%human serum albumin,and phosphate buffer saline(>85%RCP at 96 h).The EC_(50) values of TST001 and DFO-TST001 were as high as 0.413±0.055 and 0.361±0.058 nM(P>0.05),respectively.The radiotracer had a significantly higher average standard uptake values in CLDN18.2-positive tumors than in CLDN18.2-negative tumors(1.11±0.02 vs.0.49±0.03,P=0.0016)2 days post injection(p.i.).BGC823CLDN18.2 mice models showed high tumor/muscle ratios 96 h p.i.with[^(89)Zr]Zr-DFO-TST001 was much higher than those of the other imaging groups.Immunohistochemistry results showed that BGC823CLDN18.2 tumors were highly positive(+++)for CLDN18.2,while those in the BGC823 group did not express CLDN18.2().The results of ex vivo biodistribution studies showed that there was a higher distribution in the BGC823CLDN18.2 tumor bearing mice(2.05±0.16%ID/g)than BGC823 mice(0.69±0.02%ID/g)and blocking group(0.72±0.02%ID/g).A dosimetry estimation study showed that the effective dose of[^(89)Zr]Zr-DFO-TST001 was 0.0705 mSv/MBq,which is within the range of acceptable doses for nuclear medicine research.Taken together,these results suggest that Good Manufacturing Practices produced by this immuno-positron emission tomography probe can detect CLDN18.2-overexpressing tumors.展开更多
High incidence(10.2%)and mortality(9.2%)rates led to the ranking of colorectal cancer(CRC)as the second most malignant tumor spectrum worldwide in 2020.Treatment strategies are becoming highly dependent on the molecul...High incidence(10.2%)and mortality(9.2%)rates led to the ranking of colorectal cancer(CRC)as the second most malignant tumor spectrum worldwide in 2020.Treatment strategies are becoming highly dependent on the molecular characteristics of CRC.The classical theories accept two models depicting the origin of CRC:The progression of adenoma to cancer and transformation from serrated polyps to cancer.However,the molecular mechanism of CRC development is very complex.For instance,CRCs originating from laterally spreading tumors(LST)do not adhere to any of these models and exhibit extremely serious progression and poor outcomes.In this article,we present another possible pathway involved in CRC development,particularly from LST,with important molecular characteristics,which would facilitate the design of a novel strategy for targeted therapy.展开更多
A nuclear cardiology test is the most commonly performed non-invasive cardiac imaging test in patients with heart failure, and it plays a pivotal role in their assessment and management. Quantitative gated single posi...A nuclear cardiology test is the most commonly performed non-invasive cardiac imaging test in patients with heart failure, and it plays a pivotal role in their assessment and management. Quantitative gated single positron emission computed tomography (QGS) is used to assess quantitatively cardiac volume, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), stroke volume, and cardiac diastolic function. Resting and stress myocardial perfusion imaging, with exercise or pharmacologic stress, plays a fundamental role in distinguishing ischemic from nonischemic etiology of heart failure, and in demonstrating myocardial viability. Diastolic heart failure also termed as heart failure with a preserved LVEF is readily identified by nuclear cardiology techniques and can accurately be estimated by peak filling rate (PFR) and time to PFR. Movement of the left ventricle can also be readily assessed by QGS, with newer techniques such as threedimensional, wall thickening evaluation aiding its assessment. Myocardial perfusion imaging is also commonly used to identify candidates for implantable cardiac defibrillator and cardiac resynchronization therapies. Neurotransmitter imaging using 123 I-metaiodobenzylguanidine offers prognostic information in patients with heart failure. Metabolism and function in the heart are closely related, and energy substrate metabolism is a potential target of medical therapies to improve cardiac function in patients with heart failure. Cardiac metabolic imaging using 123 I-15-(p-iodophenyl)3-R, S-methylpentadecacoic acid is a commonly used tracer in clinical studies to diagnose metabolic heart failure. Nuclear cardiology tests, including neurotransmitter imaging and metabolic imaging, are now easily preformed with new tracers to refine heart failure diagnosis. Nuclear cardiology studies contribute significantly to guiding management decisions for identifying cardiac risk in patients with heart failure.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed male malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide. Since the advent of screening methods such as Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) assay, digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate biopsy, its incidence has increased significantly. The aim of our study was to analyse aspects of bone scintigraphy (BS) as part of the metastatic extension assessment of prostate cancer in Senegal. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive and analytical study, running from January 1<sup>er</sup> 2022 to August 31 2023. Patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer were included. Whole-body scans (WBS) were performed using a dual-head SPECT gamma camera (Mediso Nucline TM Spirit DH-V type), 3 hours after intravenous injection of 8 MBq/kg (555 to 740 MBq) of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-HMDP. Results: A total of 288 patients with a mean age of 68.37 ± 7.79 years were included. The median total PSA level was 97.6 ng/ml, with 144 patients having a level greater than or equal to 20 ng/ml. All patients had adenocarcinoma, and the Gleason score was available in 202 (70.13%) patients, 75.75% of whom had a score greater than or equal to 7. BS was contributory in 70.48% of cases, with 30.90% positive and 39.58% negative. The result was inconclusive in 85 patients (29.51%). The mean PSA for patients with a positive scan was 190.2 ng/ml and 40.6 ng/ml for those with a negative scan. Multiple metastatic lesions predominated (87.35% of cases). Metastatic lesions occurred preferentially in the axial skeleton, with a proportion of 68% versus 32% in the appendicular skeleton. Classification of bone metastases according to the SOLOWAY score revealed grade I (62.07%), grade II (35.63%) and grade IV (2.30%). Conclusion: In Senegal, prostate cancer is generally diagnosed in men of advanced age. The presence of bone metastases is frequent in its evolution, transforming a curable localized disease into a generalized disease with a compromised prognosis. Bone scintigraphy remains an essential part of the initial work-up and evaluation of response to treatment.
文摘Nuclear medicine plays an irreplaceable role in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors.Radiopharmaceuticals are important components of nuclear medicine.Among the radiopharmaceuticals approved by the Food and Drug Administration(FDA),radio-tracers targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen(PSMA)and somatostatin receptor(SSTR)have held essential positions in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancers and neuroendocrine neoplasms,respectively.In recent years,FDA-approved serials of immune-therapy and targeted therapy drugs targeting programmed death 1(PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1),human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2),and nectin cell adhesion molecule 4(Nectin 4).How to screen patients suitable for these treatments and monitor the therapy?Nuclear medicine with specific radiopharmaceuticals can visualize the expression level of those targets in systemic lesions and evaluate the efficacy of treatment.In addition to radiopharmaceuticals,imaging equipment is also a key step for nuclear medicine.Advanced equipment including total-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)and positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging(PET/MRI)has been developed,which contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of tumors,as well as the development of new radiopharmaceuticals.Here,we conclude most recently advances of radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine,and they substantially increase the“arsenal”of clinicians for tumor therapy.
文摘AIM: To explore portal hypertension and portosys-temic shunts and to stage chronic liver disease (CLD) based on the pathophysiology of portal hemodynam-ics. METHODS: Per-rectal portal scintigraphy (PRPS) was performed on 312 patients with CLD and liver angio-scintigraphy (LAS) on 231 of them. The control group included 25 healthy subjects. We developed a new model of PRPS interpretation by introducing two new parameters,the liver transit time (LTT) and the circu-lation time between right heart and liver (RHLT). LTT for each lobe was used to evaluate the early portal hypertension. RHLT is useful in cirrhosis to detect liver areas missing portal in? ow. We calculated the classical per-rectal portal shunt index (PRSI) at PRPS and the hepatic perfusion index (HPI) at LAS. RESULTS: The normal LTT value was 24 ± 1 s. Abnor-mal LTT had PPV = 100% for CLD. Twenty-seven non-cirrhotic patients had LTT increased up to 35 s (median 27 s). RHLT (42 ± 1 s) was not related to liver disease. Cirrhosis could be excluded in all patients with PRSI < 5% (P < 0.01). PRSI > 30% had PPV = 100% for cirrhosis. Based on PRPS and LAS we propose the clas-sifi cation of CLD in 5 hemodynamic stages. Stage 0 is normal (LTT = 24 s,PRSI < 5%). In stage 1,LTT is increased,while PRSI remains normal. In stage 2,LTT is decreased between 16 s and 23 s,whereas PRSI is increased between 5% and 10%. In stage 3,PRSI is increased to 10%-30%,and LTT becomes undetect-able by PRPS due to the portosystemic shunts. Stage 4 includes the patients with PRSI > 30%. RHLT and HPI were used to subtype stage 4. In our study stage 0 had NPV = 100% for CLD,stage 1 had PPV = 100% for non-cirrhotic CLD,stages 2 and 3 represented the transition from chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis,stage 4 had PPV = 100% for cirrhosis. CONCLUSION: LTT allows the detection of early por-tal hypertension and of opening of transhepatic shunts. PRSI is useful in CLD with extrahepatic portosystemic shunts. Our hemodynamic model stages the evolution of portal hypertension and portosystemic shunts. It may be of use in the selection of patients for interferon therapy.
文摘AIM:To investigate the hepatic hemodynamics in the Budd-Chiari syndrome(BCS) using per-rectal portal scintigraphy(PRPS) and liver angioscintigraphy(LAS).METHODS:Fourteen consecutive patients with BCS were evaluated by PRPS between 2003 and 2012.Ten of them underwent LAS and liver scan(LS) with Tc-99m colloid.Eleven patients had clinical manifestations and three were asymptomatic,incidentally diagnosed at PRPS.The control group included 15 healthy subjects.We used new parameters at PRPS,the liver transit time of portal inflow and the blood circulation time between the right heart and liver.PRPS offered information on the hepatic areas missing venous outflow or portal inflow,length and extent of the lesions,open portosystemic shunts(PSS),involvement of the caudate lobe(CL) as an intrahepatic shunt and flow reversal in the splenic vein.LAS was useful in the differential diagnosis between the BCS and portal obstructions,highlightingthe hepatic artery buffer response and reversed portal flow.LS offered complementary data,especially on the CL.RESULTS:We described three hemodynamic categories of the BCS with several subtypes and stages,based on the finding that perfusion changes depend on the initial number and succession in time of the hepatic veins(HVs) obstructions.Obstruction of one hepatic vein(HV) did not cause opening of PSS.The BCS debuted by common obstruction of two HVs had different hemodynamic aspects in acute and chronic stages after subsequent obstruction of the third HV.In chronic stages,obstruction of two HVs resulted in opening of PSS.The BCS,determined by thrombosis of the terminal part of the inferior vena cava,presented in the acute stage with open PSS with low speed flow.At least several weeks are required in the obstructions of two or three HVs for the spontaneous opening of dynamically efficient PSS.The CL seems to have only a transient important role of intrahepatic shunt in several types of the BCS.CONCLUSION:Dynamic nuclear medicine investigations assess the extent and length of hepatic venous obstructions,open collaterals,areas without portal inflow,hemodynamic function of the CL and reverse venous flow.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Province Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project,No.LGF21H180007.
文摘BACKGROUND Peripheral FDG accumulation in a hepatic hemangioma presenting in a patient with prolonged fever is rare.Therefore,clinicians should pay close attention to patients with hepatic mass.CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old woman with a 4-wk history of daily fevers was admitted to our hospital.A whole body^(18)-Fluordesoxyglucose(PET-FDG)positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)was performed to elucidate the source of the fever.However,whole body^(18)-FDG PET/CT raised the suspicion of a malignant lesion because of peripheral FDG accumulation(SUVmax 3.5 g/mL)higher than that of the normal liver parenchyma(SUVmax 1.6 g/mL)surrounding a hypoactive area,and no other abnormalities were showed.Subsequently,the patient underwent liver mass resection.Histopathology showed a hepatic cavernous hemangioma with fatty infiltration around the lesion.The fever disappeared four days after surgery and the patient did not present any complications during follow-up.CONCLUSION Fatty infiltration in the peripheral parts of hepatic cavernous hemangioma may lead to subacute inflammation which further activate the Kupffer cells.This may cause prolonged fever and peripheral rim FDG accumulation on PET/CT.
基金Supported by Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Provincial Basic Research Program(Kunming Medical Joint Special Project,No.2019FE001(-276)Kunming Health Science and Technology Talents Training Project and"Ten Hundred Thousands"Project Training Plan,No.2020-SW(Backup)-121.
文摘BACKGROUND The research findings suggest that the prognosis of children with Wilms tumor(WT)is affected by various factors.Some scholars have indicated that loss of heterozygosity(LOH)on chromosome 16q is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with WT.AIM To further elucidate this relationship,we conducted a meta-analysis.METHODS This meta-analysis was registered in INPLASY(INPLASY2023100060).We systematically searched databases including Embase,PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane,and Google Scholar up to May 31,2020,for randomized trials reporting any intrapartum fetal surveillance approach.The meta-analysis was performed within a frequentist framework,and the quality and network inconsistency of trials were assessed.Odds ratios and 95%CIs were calculated to report the relationship between event-free survival and 16q LOH in patients with WT.RESULTS Eleven cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis to estimate the relationship between event-free survival and 16q LOH in patients with WT(I^(2)=25%,P<0.001).As expected,16q LOH can serve as an effective predictor of eventfree survival in patients with WT(risk ratio=1.95,95%CI:1.52–2.49,P<0.001).CONCLUSION In pediatric patients with WT,there exists a partial correlation between 16q LOH and an unfavorable treatment prognosis.Clinical detection of 16q chromosome LOH warrants increased attention to the patient’s prognosis.
文摘Paragangliomas,also known as pheochromocytomas(1–9 cases per million),arise in the paraganglia.[1]Pheochromocytomas occur in the adrenal glands,while paragangliomas occur elsewhere.[2]Paragangliomas originate from paraganglion cells,which are derived from the neural ectoderm of the nerves and migrate along both sides of the median axis from the base of the skull to the pelvis during embryonic development.
文摘BACKGROUND In observational studies,dietary intakes are associated with gastroesophageal re-flux disease(GERD).AIM To conduct a two-sample mendelian randomization(MR)analysis to determine whether those associations are causal.METHODS To explore the relationship between dietary intake and the risk of GERD,we extracted appropriate single nucleotide polymorphisms from genome-wide asso-ciation study data on 24 dietary intakes.Three methods were adopted for data analysis:Inverse variance weighting,weighted median methods,and MR-Egger's method.The odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(CI)were used to eva-luate the causal association between dietary intake and GERD.RESULTS Our univariate Mendelian randomization(UVMR)results showed significant evidence that pork intake(OR,2.83;95%CI:1.76-4.55;P=1.84×10–5),beer intake(OR,2.70,95%CI:2.00-3.64;P=6.54×10–11),non-oily fish intake(OR,2.41;95%CI:1.49-3.91;P=3.59×10–4)have a protective effect on GERD.In addition,dried fruit intake(OR,0.37;95%CI:0.27-0.50;6.27×10–11),red wine intake(OR,0.34;95%CI:0.25-0.47;P=1.90×10-11),cheese intake(OR,0.46;95%CI:0.39-0.55;P=3.73×10-19),bread intake(OR,0.72;95%CI:0.56-0.92;P=0.0009)and cereal intake(OR,0.45;95%CI:0.36-0.57;P=2.07×10-11)were negatively associated with the risk of GERD.There was a suggestive asso-ciation for genetically predicted coffee intake(OR per one SD increase,1.22,95%CI:1.03-1.44;P=0.019).Multi-variate Mendelian randomization further confirmed that dried fruit intake,red wine intake,cheese intake,and cereal intake directly affected GERD.In contrast,the impact of pork intake,beer intake,non-oily fish intake,and bread intake on GERD was partly driven by the common risk factors for GERD.However,after adjusting for all four elements,there was no longer a suggestive association between coffee intake and GERD.CONCLUSION This study provides MR evidence to support the causal relationship between a broad range of dietary intake and GERD,providing new insights for the treatment and prevention of GERD.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82074298Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau Project,No.2021-YF05-01726-SN“Xinglin Scholars”Research Promotion Program of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.QJRC2022007.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer stem cells(CCSCs)are heterogeneous cells that can self-renew and undergo multidirectional differentiation in colorectal cancer(CRC)patients.CCSCs are generally accepted to be important sources of CRC and are responsible for the progression,metastasis,and therapeutic resistance of CRC.Therefore,targeting this specific subpopulation has been recognized as a promising strategy for overcoming CRC.AIM To investigate the effect of VX-509 on CCSCs and elucidate the underlying mechanism.METHODS CCSCs were enriched from CRC cell lines by in conditioned serum-free medium.Western blot,Aldefluor,transwell and tumorigenesis assays were performed to verify the phenotypic characteristics of the CCSCs.The anticancer efficacy of VX-509 was assessed in HCT116 CCSCs and HT29 CCSCs by performing cell viability analysis,colony formation,sphere formation,flow cytometry,and western blotting assessments in vitro and tumor growth,immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assessments in vivo.RESULTS Compared with parental cells,sphere cells derived from HCT116 and HT29 cells presented increased expression of stem cell transcription factors and stem cell markers and were more potent at promoting migration and tumori-genesis,demonstrating that the CRC sphere cells displayed CSC features.VX-509 inhibited the tumor malignant biological behavior of CRC-stem-like cells,as indicated by their proliferation,migration and clonality in vitro,and suppressed the tumor of CCSC-derived xenograft tumors in vivo.Besides,VX-509 suppressed the CSC character-istics of CRC-stem-like cells and inhibited the progression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)signaling in vitro.Nodal was identified as the regulatory factor of VX-509 on CRC stem-like cells through analyses of differen-tially expressed genes and CSC-related database information.VX-509 markedly downregulated the expression of Nodal and its downstream phosphorylated Smad2/3 to inhibit EMT progression.Moreover,VX-509 reversed the dedifferentiation of CCSCs and inhibited the progression of EMT induced by Nodal overexpression.CONCLUSION VX-509 prevents the EMT process in CCSCs by inhibiting the transcription and protein expression of Nodal,and inhibits the dedifferentiated self-renewal of CCSCs.
文摘BACKGROUND There are limited data on the use of glucose transport protein 1(GLUT-1)expre-ssion as a biomarker for predicting lymph node metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer.GLUT-1 and GLUT-3,hexokinase(HK)-II,and hypoxia-induced factor(HIF)-1 expressions may be useful biomarkers for detecting primary tumors and lymph node metastasis when combined with fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)uptake on positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT).AIM To evaluate GLUT-1,GLUT-3,HK-II,and HIF-1 expressions as biomarkers for detecting primary tumors and lymph node metastasis with 18F-FDG-PET/CT.METHODS This retrospective study included 169 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent colectomy and preoperative 18F-FDG-PET/CT at Chungbuk National University Hospital between January 2009 and May 2012.Two tissue cores from the central and peripheral areas of the tumors were obtained and were examined by a dedicated pathologist,and the expressions of GLUT-1,GLUT-3,HK-II,and HIF-1 were determined using immunohisto-chemical staining.We analyzed the correlations among their expressions,various clinicopathological factors,and the maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax)of PET/CT.RESULTS GLUT-1 was found at the center or periphery of the tumors in 109(64.5%)of the 169 patients.GLUT-1 positivity was significantly correlated with the SUVmax of the primary tumor and lymph nodes,regardless of the biopsy site(tumor center,P<0.001 and P=0.012;tumor periphery,P=0.030 and P=0.010,respectively).GLUT-1 positivity and negativity were associated with higher and lower sensitivities of PET/CT,respectively,for the detection of lymph node metastasis,regardless of the biopsy site.GLUT3,HK-II,and HIF-1 expressions were not significantly correlated with the SUVmax of the primary tumor and lymph nodes.CONCLUSION GLUT-1 expression was significantly correlated with the SUVmax of 18F-FDG-PET/CT for primary tumors and lymph nodes.Clinicians should consider GLUT-1 expression in preoperative endoscopic biopsy in interpreting PET/CT findings.
文摘With increasing evidence,internal radiation therapy,also known as brachytherapy,has become a neglected aspect of nuclear medicine in the molecular era.In this paper,recent developments regarding internal radiation therapy,including developments in radioiodine-131(^(131) I) and thyroid,radioimmunotherapy(RIT) for non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL),and radiopharmaceuticals for bone metastases.Relevant differences and status of their applications in China were mentioned as well.These molecular mediated internal radiation therapies are gaining increasing importance by providing palliative and curative treatments for an increasing number of diseases and becoming one of the important parts of molecular nuclear medicine.
文摘This paper outlines briefly the role of nuclear medicine in life sciences and health care. Molecular imaging by using isotopic tracers can noninvasively visualize the chemistry or hidden process in the cells and tissues inside the body, obtaining "functional" images to provide early information of any disease and revealing the secrets of life. The vitality of nuclear medicine is its ability to translate bench into new clinical application that can benefits the patients. Although nuclear medicine community in China has made significant achievement with a great effort since 1950s, there are many obstacles to future development. Recommended measures are proposed here in an attempt to solve our existing problems.
文摘Estrogen receptor(ER) is a vital biomarker in the development and development of breast cancer, and its status has great clinical value in clinical treatment strategy, endocrine therapy efficacy prediction, and breast cancer prognosis. By specifically combining <sup>18</sup>F-FES with ER, <sup>18</sup>F-FES PET/CT imaging uses standard uptake value(SUV) to semi-quantitatively reflect the distribution of ER and its biological activity in patients, and assesses the expression of ER in breast cancer patients about primary and metastases before or after treatment, to provide a basis for personalized treatment of breast cancer. In this review, we will review the imaging principles of a new ER detection method <sup>18</sup>F-FES PET/CT, and the research progress in the clinical application of breast cancer, and compare its diagnostic and treatment value with non-specific tumor imaging <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT in breast cancer.
文摘Osteonecrosis(ON) is caused by inadequate blood supply leading to bone death, which results in the collapse of the architectural bony structure. Femoral head is the most common site involved in ON. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is a commonly used imaging modality to detect early ON. When MRI is inconclusive, bone scan is helpful in detecting ON during early phase of the disease. As newer nuclear medicine equipment, like single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography(CT) and positron emission tomography/CT, are emerging in medical science, we review the role of these imaging modalities in ON of femoral head.
文摘To study the relationship between p53 protein, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and benign or malignant gestational trophoblastic disease (MGTD). Methods: The histotomic sections of 48 patients with gestational trophoblastic disease and 24 patients of normal chorionic villi were stained using immunohistochemistry. The monoclonal antibodies were used to determine p53 protein and PCNA. Results: The frequency of p53 and PCNA positive expression were significantly different among the chorionic villi of normal pregnancy, hydratidiform mole (HM) and MGTD. But neither p53 nor PCNA has any relation with the clinical staging or metastasis of MGTD. Conclusion: Both P53 and PCNA are valuable in diagnosis of human gestational trophoblastic disease.
基金Supported by The Beijing Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars,No.JQ21025.
文摘BACKGROUND Nuclear protein in testis(NUT) carcinoma is a rare aggressive malignant epithelial cell tumor, previously known as NUT midline carcinoma(NMC), characterized by an acquired rearrangement of the gene encoding NUT on chromosome 15q14. Due to the lack of characteristic pathological features, it is often underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed. A variety of methods can be used to diagnose NMC, including immunohistochemistry, karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and next-generation sequencing. So far, there is no standard treatment plan for NMC and the prognosis is poor, related to its rapid progression, easy recurrence, and unsatisfactory treatment outcome.CASE SUMMARY A 58-year-old female came to our hospital with a complaint of eye swelling and pain for 8 d. The diagnosis of NMC was confirmed after postoperative pathology and genetic testing. The patient developed nausea and vomiting, headache, and loss of vision in both eyes to blindness after surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT) performed after 1.5 mo postoperatively suggested tumor recurrence. The patient obtained remission after radiation therapy to some extent and after initial treatment with anti-angiogenic drugs and sonodynamic therapy(SDT), but cannot achieve long-term stability and eventually developed distant metastases, with an overall survival of only 17 mo.CONCLUSION For patients with rapidly progressing sinus tumors and poor response to initial treatment, the possibility of NMC should be considered and immunohistochemical staining with anti-NUT should be performed as soon as possible, combined with genetic testing if necessary. CT, MRI, and PET/CT imaging are essential for the staging, management, treatment response assessment and monitoring of NMC. This case is the first attempt to apply heat therapy and SDT in the treatment of NMC, unfortunately, the prognosis remained poor.
文摘Zhenxuanyin (镇眩饮) is composed of pure Chinese medicinal herbs, such as gastrodia tuber, poria cocos, ligusticum wallichii etc. 4-verssel occlusion (4VO) model rats were reperfused after 30 minutes’ complete occlusion, and Zhenxuanyin was administered 3 times a day. 24 hours later, 123I-IMP uptake in the brain was evaluated as an index of cerebral blood flow (CBF). The results show that Zhenxuanyin (0.03g kg, 0.3g kg, Ig kg, or 3g/ kg a day) can greatly improve the blood flow in the main cerebral regions, and 0.3g/ kg can increase cerebral blood flow (CBF) to the normal level.
基金The research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82171973,82171980,and 82102092)Beijing Millions of Talent Projects A Level Funding(Grant No.:2019A38)+2 种基金The study was also supported by Beijing Hospitals Authority Dengfeng Project(Grant No.:DFL20191102)the Pilot Project(4th Round)to Reform Public Development of Beijing Municipal Medical Research Institute(20211)the Third Foster Plan in 2019“Molecular Imaging Probe Preparation and Characterization of Key Technologies and Equipment”for the Development of Key Technologies and Equipment in Major Science and Technology Infrastructure in Shenzhen,China.
文摘Claudin18.2(CLDN18.2)is a tight junction protein that is overexpressed in a variety of solid tumors such as gastrointestinal cancer and oesophageal cancer.It has been identified as a promising target and a potential biomarker to diagnose tumor,evaluate efficacy,and determine patient prognosis.TST001 is a recombinant humanized CLDN18.2 antibody that selectively binds to the extracellular loop of human Claudin18.2.In this study,we constructed a solid target radionuclide zirconium-^(89)(^(89)Zr)labled-TST001 to detect the expression of in the human stomach cancer BGC823CLDN18.2 cell lines.The[^(89)Zr]Zr-desferrioxamine(DFO)-TST001 showed high radiochemical purity(RCP,>99%)and specific activity(24.15±1.34 GBq/mmol),and was stable in 5%human serum albumin,and phosphate buffer saline(>85%RCP at 96 h).The EC_(50) values of TST001 and DFO-TST001 were as high as 0.413±0.055 and 0.361±0.058 nM(P>0.05),respectively.The radiotracer had a significantly higher average standard uptake values in CLDN18.2-positive tumors than in CLDN18.2-negative tumors(1.11±0.02 vs.0.49±0.03,P=0.0016)2 days post injection(p.i.).BGC823CLDN18.2 mice models showed high tumor/muscle ratios 96 h p.i.with[^(89)Zr]Zr-DFO-TST001 was much higher than those of the other imaging groups.Immunohistochemistry results showed that BGC823CLDN18.2 tumors were highly positive(+++)for CLDN18.2,while those in the BGC823 group did not express CLDN18.2().The results of ex vivo biodistribution studies showed that there was a higher distribution in the BGC823CLDN18.2 tumor bearing mice(2.05±0.16%ID/g)than BGC823 mice(0.69±0.02%ID/g)and blocking group(0.72±0.02%ID/g).A dosimetry estimation study showed that the effective dose of[^(89)Zr]Zr-DFO-TST001 was 0.0705 mSv/MBq,which is within the range of acceptable doses for nuclear medicine research.Taken together,these results suggest that Good Manufacturing Practices produced by this immuno-positron emission tomography probe can detect CLDN18.2-overexpressing tumors.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.72171170 and 82071964.
文摘High incidence(10.2%)and mortality(9.2%)rates led to the ranking of colorectal cancer(CRC)as the second most malignant tumor spectrum worldwide in 2020.Treatment strategies are becoming highly dependent on the molecular characteristics of CRC.The classical theories accept two models depicting the origin of CRC:The progression of adenoma to cancer and transformation from serrated polyps to cancer.However,the molecular mechanism of CRC development is very complex.For instance,CRCs originating from laterally spreading tumors(LST)do not adhere to any of these models and exhibit extremely serious progression and poor outcomes.In this article,we present another possible pathway involved in CRC development,particularly from LST,with important molecular characteristics,which would facilitate the design of a novel strategy for targeted therapy.
文摘A nuclear cardiology test is the most commonly performed non-invasive cardiac imaging test in patients with heart failure, and it plays a pivotal role in their assessment and management. Quantitative gated single positron emission computed tomography (QGS) is used to assess quantitatively cardiac volume, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), stroke volume, and cardiac diastolic function. Resting and stress myocardial perfusion imaging, with exercise or pharmacologic stress, plays a fundamental role in distinguishing ischemic from nonischemic etiology of heart failure, and in demonstrating myocardial viability. Diastolic heart failure also termed as heart failure with a preserved LVEF is readily identified by nuclear cardiology techniques and can accurately be estimated by peak filling rate (PFR) and time to PFR. Movement of the left ventricle can also be readily assessed by QGS, with newer techniques such as threedimensional, wall thickening evaluation aiding its assessment. Myocardial perfusion imaging is also commonly used to identify candidates for implantable cardiac defibrillator and cardiac resynchronization therapies. Neurotransmitter imaging using 123 I-metaiodobenzylguanidine offers prognostic information in patients with heart failure. Metabolism and function in the heart are closely related, and energy substrate metabolism is a potential target of medical therapies to improve cardiac function in patients with heart failure. Cardiac metabolic imaging using 123 I-15-(p-iodophenyl)3-R, S-methylpentadecacoic acid is a commonly used tracer in clinical studies to diagnose metabolic heart failure. Nuclear cardiology tests, including neurotransmitter imaging and metabolic imaging, are now easily preformed with new tracers to refine heart failure diagnosis. Nuclear cardiology studies contribute significantly to guiding management decisions for identifying cardiac risk in patients with heart failure.
