AIM： To investigate the probable role of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 （sTREM-1） in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease （IBD）.METHODS： Fifty-eight patients were enrolled; ni...AIM： To investigate the probable role of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 （sTREM-1） in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease （IBD）.METHODS： Fifty-eight patients were enrolled; nineteen healthy volunteers served as controls; 8 patients were diagnosed with Crohn＇s disease, and 31 with ulcerative colitis, Clinical and endoscopic activity indexes of patients with Crohn＇s disease and ulcerative colitis respectively were estimated, Upon admission blood was sampled; sTREM-1 and TNFα were measured by an immunoassay and malondialdehyde （IDA） by the thiobarbitourate assay, after passage through an HPLC system,RESULTS： Median ± SE of TNFα of controls, patients with Crohn＇s disease and patients with ulcerative colitis were 6.02 ± 3.94, 7.98 ± 5.08 （P = NS vs controls）, and 8.45 ± 4.15 ng/L （P = 0.018 vs controls） respectively. Respective values of sTREM-1 were 53.31 ± 32.93, 735.10 ± 197.17 （P = 0.008 vs controls） and 435.82 ± 279.71 ng/L （P = 0.049 vs controls）, sTREM-1 was positively correlated with Crohn＇s disease activity index and clinical and endoscopic activity indexes of ulcerative colitis （P = 0.002, 0.001 and 0.009, respectively）, sTREM-1 of patients with ulcerative colitis was positively correlated with TNFα （P = 0.001）.CONCLUSION： sTREM-1 seems to behave as a novel mediator in IBD in correlation with the degree of the intlammatory reaction of the intestinal mucosa.展开更多
It has since long been known, from everyday experience as well as from animal and human studies, that psychological processes-both affective and cognitive- exert an influence on gastrointestinal sensorimotor function....It has since long been known, from everyday experience as well as from animal and human studies, that psychological processes-both affective and cognitive- exert an influence on gastrointestinal sensorimotor function. More specifically, a link between psychological factors and visceral hypersensitivity has been suggested, mainly based on research in functional gastrointestinal disorder patients. However, until recently, the exact nature of this putative relationship remained unclear, mainly due to a lack of non-invasive methods to study the （neurobiological） mechanisms underlying this relationship in non-sleeping humans. As functional brain imaging, introduced in visceral sensory neuroscience some 10 years ago, does provide a method for in vivo study of brain-gut interactions, insight into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying visceral sensation in general and the influence of psychological factors more particularly, has rapidly grown. In this article, an overview of brain imaging evidence on gastrointestinal sensation will be given, with special emphasis on the brain mechanisms underlying the interaction between affective ＆ cognitive processes and visceral sensation. First, the reciprocal neural pathways between the brain and the gut （brain- gut axis） will be briefly outlined, including brain imaging evidence in healthy volunteers. Second, functional brain imaging studies assessing the influence of psychological factors on brain processing of visceral sensation in healthy humans will be discussed in more detail. Finally, brain imaging work investigating differences in brain responses to visceral distension between healthy volunteers and functional gastrointestinal disorder patients will be highlighted.展开更多
AIM: Crohn's disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC)are multifactorial diseases with a significant genetic background.Apart from CARD15/NOD2 gene, evidence is accumulating that molecules related to the innate immune...AIM: Crohn's disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC)are multifactorial diseases with a significant genetic background.Apart from CARD15/NOD2 gene, evidence is accumulating that molecules related to the innate immune response such as CD14 or Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), are involved in their pathogenesis. In further exploring the genetic background of these diseases, we investigated the variations in the CARD15/NOD2 gene (Arg702Trp,Gly908Arg and Leu1007fsinsC), and polymorphisms in the TLR4 gene (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) as well as in the promoter of the CD14 gene (T/C at position -159) in Greek patients with CD and UC.METHODS: DNA was obtained from 120 patients with CD,85 with UC and 100 healthy individuals. Genotyping was performed by allele specific PCR or by PCR-RFLP analysis.RESULTS: The 299Gly allele frequency of the TLR4 gene and the T allele and TT genotype frequendes of the CD14 promoter were significantly higher in CD patients only compared to healthy individuals (P = 0.026＜0.05; P = 0.0048＜0.01 and P= 0.047＜0.05 respectively). Concerning the NOD2/CARD15mutations the overall presence in CD patients was significantly higher than that in UC patients or in controls.Additionally, 51.67% of the CD patients were carriers of a TLR4 and/or CD14 polymorphic allele and at least one variant of the NOD2/CARD15, compared to 27% of the UC patients. It should be pointed out that both frequencies significantly increased as compared with the 10% frequency of multiple carriers found in healthy controls. A possible interaction of the NOD2/CARD15 with TLR4 and especially CD14, increased the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that co-existence of a mutation in either the TLR4 or CD14 gene, and in NOD2/CARD15is associated with an increased susceptibility to developing CD compared to UC, and to developing either CD or UC compared to healthy individuals.展开更多
文摘AIM： To investigate the probable role of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 （sTREM-1） in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease （IBD）.METHODS： Fifty-eight patients were enrolled; nineteen healthy volunteers served as controls; 8 patients were diagnosed with Crohn＇s disease, and 31 with ulcerative colitis, Clinical and endoscopic activity indexes of patients with Crohn＇s disease and ulcerative colitis respectively were estimated, Upon admission blood was sampled; sTREM-1 and TNFα were measured by an immunoassay and malondialdehyde （IDA） by the thiobarbitourate assay, after passage through an HPLC system,RESULTS： Median ± SE of TNFα of controls, patients with Crohn＇s disease and patients with ulcerative colitis were 6.02 ± 3.94, 7.98 ± 5.08 （P = NS vs controls）, and 8.45 ± 4.15 ng/L （P = 0.018 vs controls） respectively. Respective values of sTREM-1 were 53.31 ± 32.93, 735.10 ± 197.17 （P = 0.008 vs controls） and 435.82 ± 279.71 ng/L （P = 0.049 vs controls）, sTREM-1 was positively correlated with Crohn＇s disease activity index and clinical and endoscopic activity indexes of ulcerative colitis （P = 0.002, 0.001 and 0.009, respectively）, sTREM-1 of patients with ulcerative colitis was positively correlated with TNFα （P = 0.001）.CONCLUSION： sTREM-1 seems to behave as a novel mediator in IBD in correlation with the degree of the intlammatory reaction of the intestinal mucosa.
文摘It has since long been known, from everyday experience as well as from animal and human studies, that psychological processes-both affective and cognitive- exert an influence on gastrointestinal sensorimotor function. More specifically, a link between psychological factors and visceral hypersensitivity has been suggested, mainly based on research in functional gastrointestinal disorder patients. However, until recently, the exact nature of this putative relationship remained unclear, mainly due to a lack of non-invasive methods to study the （neurobiological） mechanisms underlying this relationship in non-sleeping humans. As functional brain imaging, introduced in visceral sensory neuroscience some 10 years ago, does provide a method for in vivo study of brain-gut interactions, insight into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying visceral sensation in general and the influence of psychological factors more particularly, has rapidly grown. In this article, an overview of brain imaging evidence on gastrointestinal sensation will be given, with special emphasis on the brain mechanisms underlying the interaction between affective ＆ cognitive processes and visceral sensation. First, the reciprocal neural pathways between the brain and the gut （brain- gut axis） will be briefly outlined, including brain imaging evidence in healthy volunteers. Second, functional brain imaging studies assessing the influence of psychological factors on brain processing of visceral sensation in healthy humans will be discussed in more detail. Finally, brain imaging work investigating differences in brain responses to visceral distension between healthy volunteers and functional gastrointestinal disorder patients will be highlighted.
基金Supported by the EU Project "Sacrohn" N. QLK2-CT-2000-00928.
文摘AIM: Crohn's disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC)are multifactorial diseases with a significant genetic background.Apart from CARD15/NOD2 gene, evidence is accumulating that molecules related to the innate immune response such as CD14 or Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), are involved in their pathogenesis. In further exploring the genetic background of these diseases, we investigated the variations in the CARD15/NOD2 gene (Arg702Trp,Gly908Arg and Leu1007fsinsC), and polymorphisms in the TLR4 gene (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) as well as in the promoter of the CD14 gene (T/C at position -159) in Greek patients with CD and UC.METHODS: DNA was obtained from 120 patients with CD,85 with UC and 100 healthy individuals. Genotyping was performed by allele specific PCR or by PCR-RFLP analysis.RESULTS: The 299Gly allele frequency of the TLR4 gene and the T allele and TT genotype frequendes of the CD14 promoter were significantly higher in CD patients only compared to healthy individuals (P = 0.026＜0.05; P = 0.0048＜0.01 and P= 0.047＜0.05 respectively). Concerning the NOD2/CARD15mutations the overall presence in CD patients was significantly higher than that in UC patients or in controls.Additionally, 51.67% of the CD patients were carriers of a TLR4 and/or CD14 polymorphic allele and at least one variant of the NOD2/CARD15, compared to 27% of the UC patients. It should be pointed out that both frequencies significantly increased as compared with the 10% frequency of multiple carriers found in healthy controls. A possible interaction of the NOD2/CARD15 with TLR4 and especially CD14, increased the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that co-existence of a mutation in either the TLR4 or CD14 gene, and in NOD2/CARD15is associated with an increased susceptibility to developing CD compared to UC, and to developing either CD or UC compared to healthy individuals.
