In this editorial,we comment on the article by Hu et al entitled“Predictive modeling for postoperative delirium in elderly patients with abdominal malignancies using synthetic minority oversampling technique”.We wan...In this editorial,we comment on the article by Hu et al entitled“Predictive modeling for postoperative delirium in elderly patients with abdominal malignancies using synthetic minority oversampling technique”.We wanted to draw attention to the general features of postoperative delirium(POD)as well as the areas where there are uncertainties and contradictions.POD can be defined as acute neurocognitive dysfunction that occurs in the first week after surgery.It is a severe postoperative complication,especially for elderly oncology patients.Although the underlying pathophysiological mechanism is not fully understood,various neuroinflammatory mechanisms and neurotransmitters are thought to be involved.Various assessment scales and diagnostic methods have been proposed for the early diagnosis of POD.As delirium is considered a preventable clinical entity in about half of the cases,various early prediction models developed with the support of machine learning have recently become a hot scientific topic.Unfortunately,a model with high sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of POD has not yet been reported.This situation reveals that all health personnel who provide health care services to elderly patients should approach patients with a high level of awareness in the perioperative period regarding POD.展开更多
The success rate of apexification is primarily determined by multiple factors,including the material used,the size of the open apex compared to the length of the root,and the technique used in each case.The main objec...The success rate of apexification is primarily determined by multiple factors,including the material used,the size of the open apex compared to the length of the root,and the technique used in each case.The main objective of this review was to provide an update on the present management of open apex to identify factors and circumstances that may influence the success of apexification using different materials and techniques.Future research on apexification should focus on how to treat open apices with wide periapical lesions without surgery.Previously,the predictability of these parameters with non-surgical procedures was uncertain,but now,with the use of a dental operating microscope,it has become more predictable.Another reason could be that extra visits are no longer required due to major advances in the armamentarium and materials used for apexification.展开更多
AIM To compare the efficacy of resin composite restorations, retained with either polyethylene or zirconia-rich glass fiber posts. METHODS Sixty-two single rooted maxillary and mandibularcentral incisor teeth in forty...AIM To compare the efficacy of resin composite restorations, retained with either polyethylene or zirconia-rich glass fiber posts. METHODS Sixty-two single rooted maxillary and mandibularcentral incisor teeth in forty-four patients (15 males and 29 females; age range 15-32 years) were restored either with an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWP) fiber post (Bondable Reinforcement Ribbon, DENSE, Ribbond, Seattle, WA, United States) or a zircon-rich glass fiber post (Snowpost, Lot H 040; Carbotech, Ganges, France). Then, direct resin composite restoration (Clearfil AP-X, Kuraray) was performed for both post systems in tooth color suitable. Patients were recalled for routine inspections at 6 mo, 1, 2 and 3 years.RESULTS The restorations were assessed during each recall evaluation according to predetermined clinical and radiographic criteria (periapical lesion; marginal leakage and integrity; color stability; surface stain and loss of retention of the post or the composite buildup material). The follow-up data showed no significant difference in these criteria between polyethylene fibre posts and zirconia-rich glass fibre posts.CONCLUSION The efficacy of resin composite restorations, retained with either polyethylene or zirconia-rich glass fiber posts were similar, suggesting that both types of fiber post can be used successfully to help retain resin composite restorations.展开更多
Oligodontia is the congenital absence of six or more teeth and comprises the more severe forms of tooth agenesis.Many genes have been implicated in the etiology of tooth agenesis,which is highly variable in its clinic...Oligodontia is the congenital absence of six or more teeth and comprises the more severe forms of tooth agenesis.Many genes have been implicated in the etiology of tooth agenesis,which is highly variable in its clinical presentation.The purpose of this study was to identify associations between genetic mutations and clinical features of oligodontia patients.An online systematic search of papers published from January 1992 to June 2021 identified 381 oligodontia cases meeting the eligibility criteria of causative gene mutation,phenotype description,and radiographic records.Additionally,ten families with oligodontia were recruited and their genetic etiologies were determined by whole-exome sequence analyses.We identified a novel mutation in WNT10A(c.99_105dup)and eight previously reported mutations in WNT10A(c.433 G>A;c.682 T>A;c.318 C>G;c.511.C>T;c.321 C>A),EDAR(c.581 C>T),and LRP6(c.1003 C>T,c.2747 G>T).Collectively,20 different causative genes were implicated among those 393 cases with oligodontia.For each causative gene,the mean number of missing teeth per case and the frequency of teeth missing at each position were calculated.Genotype–phenotype correlation analysis indicated that molars agenesis is more likely linked to PAX9 mutations,mandibular first premolar agenesis is least associated with PAX9 mutations.展开更多
Aim To characterize the odontogenic capability of apical bud and phenotypical change of apical bud cells （ABCs） in different microenvironment.Methodology Incisor apical bud tissues from neonatal SD rat were dissecte...Aim To characterize the odontogenic capability of apical bud and phenotypical change of apical bud cells （ABCs） in different microenvironment.Methodology Incisor apical bud tissues from neonatal SD rat were dissected and transplanted into the renal capsules to determine their odontogenic capability. Meanwhile ABCs were cultured and purified by repeated differential trypsinization. Then ABCs were cultured with conditioned medium from developing apical complex cells （DAC-CM）. Immunocytochemistry, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and scanning electron microscope （SEM） were performed to compare the biolo- gical change of ABC treated with or without DAC-CM. Results First we confirmed the ability of apical bud to form crown-like structure ectopically. Equally important, by using the developing apical complex （DAC） condi- tioned medium, we found the microenvironment created by root could abrogate the ＂crown＂ features of ABCs and promote their proliferation and differentiation. Conclusion ABCs possess odontogenic capability to form crown-like tissues and this property can be affected by root-produced microenvironment.展开更多
Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the flexural and compressive strengths of a new sonicactivated bulk-fill system (Sonicfill) with other bulk-fill resins and a universal posterior composite resin. Materials an...Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the flexural and compressive strengths of a new sonicactivated bulk-fill system (Sonicfill) with other bulk-fill resins and a universal posterior composite resin. Materials and Methods: A low-stress flowable base resin material (SDR), a bulk-fill composite resin (Tetric Evo Ceram), a universal posterior composite (GC G-aenial), and the Sonicfill system were compared. The specimens were prepared for each group following ISO Standard 4049 (flexural strength) and ADA 27 specifications (compressive strength). One-way variance analysis and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to determine the statistical differences among groups (p 0.05). Results: The Sonicfill system presented significantly higher compressive strength than other groups (p < 0.001). For flexural strength results, although the Sonicfill system showed the highest values, no statistically significant differences were determined among all groups (p > 0.001). Conclusion: Due to the ability to place restorations with single increment and ease of use, the Sonicfill system can be an alternative for posterior restorations.展开更多
The first molar will play a key role in the formation of permanent dentition and also is easy to be caries. In this series, 7968 cases 4-6 yrs old children are investigated and the eruption and caries of first molar a...The first molar will play a key role in the formation of permanent dentition and also is easy to be caries. In this series, 7968 cases 4-6 yrs old children are investigated and the eruption and caries of first molar are analysed. The results are as follows: The eruption rate of first molar in 7968 cases 4-6 yrs old children is 22.13%. The mean number of molar erupted is 0.55+1.17. Both are in very signiflicant sexual difference. The eruption in girls is earlier than that in boys. The eruption rates are 1.01% in 4 yrs old group and 59.00% in 6 yrs old group. In the per centage of the molar erupted, (?) is 66.26% with symmetrical rate 69.31%, 6 is 33.74% with symmetrical rate 33.24%. The incidence rate of caries in 1763 cases 4-6 yrs old children with first molar erupted is 1.76% with dft 0.02±0.15. The dft in cases of caries is 1.26±0.63. There are two molars with caries of Degree IV in 5 yrs old group. The eruption and caries of the first molar in childhood are analysed. The importance of prevention dnd treatment of first permanent molar in childhood is indicated.展开更多
Parkinson's disease(PD) is an idiopathic progressive neurological disorder characterised by resting tremor, restrictions in mobility and muscular rigidity that can lead to problems in maintaining oral health. Here...Parkinson's disease(PD) is an idiopathic progressive neurological disorder characterised by resting tremor, restrictions in mobility and muscular rigidity that can lead to problems in maintaining oral health. Here we report a case where crown lengthening surgeries were successfully performed in a PD patient for complete oral rehabilitation. Certain special considerations that are required before and during periodontal surgery in such patients are also elucidated. Often dentists and PD patients are reluctant to embark on complex dental procedures resulting in a compromised outcome. However, early intervention along with proper education and motivation of these patients can aid in achieving satisfactory results.展开更多
The article highlights a new method for the fabrication of an ocular prosthesis by the incorporation of a ceramic scleral veneer. The steps of fabrication include impression making, wax try-in, performing a “cut-back...The article highlights a new method for the fabrication of an ocular prosthesis by the incorporation of a ceramic scleral veneer. The steps of fabrication include impression making, wax try-in, performing a “cut-back” on a selected stock eye, insertion of the IPS e-max press scleral veneer, finishing and insertion. It also includes a detailed review on non-integrated ocular prostheses.展开更多
The bone remodeling process in response to orthodontic forces requires the activity of osteoclasts to allow teeth to move in the direction of the force applied. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand(RANKL) i...The bone remodeling process in response to orthodontic forces requires the activity of osteoclasts to allow teeth to move in the direction of the force applied. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand(RANKL) is essential for this process although its cellular source in response to orthodontic forces has not been determined. Orthodontic tooth movement is considered to be an aseptic inflammatory process that is stimulated by leukocytes including T and B lymphocytes which are presumed to stimulate bone resorption. We determined whether periodontal ligament and bone lining cells were an essential source of RANKL by tamoxifen induced deletion of RANKL in which Cre recombinase was driven by a 3.2 kb reporter element of the Col1α1 gene in experimental mice(Col1α1.CreERTM+.RANKLf/f) and compared results with littermate controls(Col1α1.CreERTM-.RANKLf/f). By examination of Col1α1.CreERTM+.ROSA26 reporter mice we showed tissue specificity of tamoxifen induced Cre recombinase predominantly in the periodontal ligament and bone lining cells. Surprisingly we found that most of the orthodontic tooth movement and formation of osteoclasts was blocked in the experimental mice, which also had a reduced periodontal ligament space. Thus, we demonstrate for the first time that RANKL produced by periodontal ligament and bone lining cells provide the major driving force for tooth movement and osteoclastogenesis in response to orthodontic forces.展开更多
Cranial defects often occur due to trauma. The treatment of such defects is a challenge to the skill and knowledge of the practitioner. This article presents one such case, where a 15-year-old boy had suffered extensi...Cranial defects often occur due to trauma. The treatment of such defects is a challenge to the skill and knowledge of the practitioner. This article presents one such case, where a 15-year-old boy had suffered extensive loss of the right cranium following a road traffic accident. The patient required rehabilitation of the right fronto-temporal cranial anatomy and was managed using a custom made heat polymerized acrylic alloplastic implant.展开更多
Nevoid basal cell carcinoma, known as Gorlin Goltz Syndrome, is a rare hereditary condition, characterized by a wide range of developmental abnormalities and a predisposition to neoplasms. In this report, we discuss a...Nevoid basal cell carcinoma, known as Gorlin Goltz Syndrome, is a rare hereditary condition, characterized by a wide range of developmental abnormalities and a predisposition to neoplasms. In this report, we discuss a case of a patient with Gorlin Goltz Syndrome, who was 16 years old when first admitted for an initial appointment. The patient was diagnosed, treated and followed up for 7 years to present day. This syndrome is associated with a broad spectrum of anomalies and neoplasms as basal cell carcinomas, odontogenic keratocysts, palmar and/or plantar pits, and ectopic calcifications of the falx cerebri. It affects multiple organ systems, which include skeletal, teeth, jaw, skin, eyes, reproductive organs, and neural system. All the features however, are rarely observed in a single patient. The following paper presents the significance of early diagnosis of Gorlin Goltz Syndrome and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in providing proper treatment for the patient.展开更多
Periodontitis is a polymicrobial disease inciting inflammatory destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues, i.e., periodontium. The initiation of this infectious disease is ascribed to the formation of subgingival bio...Periodontitis is a polymicrobial disease inciting inflammatory destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues, i.e., periodontium. The initiation of this infectious disease is ascribed to the formation of subgingival biofilms. These biofilms cause stimulation of myriad of chronic inflammatory reactions by the affected tissue. The Gram-negative anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis is commonly found as part of the microbiota of subgingival biofilms, and is involved in the occurrence of the disease. P. gingivalis possesses numerous virulence factors supporting its survival, regulating its communication with other species in the biofilm, degrading host tissues. Fusobacterium nucleatum is pivotal for formation of biofilm and promotes growth and invasion properties ofP. gingivalis. Bestatin is an aminopeptide inhibitor, produced by actinomycetes. It possesses antibacterial properties against P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum. The following review focuses on action of bestatin on the mentioned bacteria.展开更多
The study of twins provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the genetic and nongenetic contributions to a variance of multitude of traits.Twin research has revealed the impact of a strong genetic component to the var...The study of twins provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the genetic and nongenetic contributions to a variance of multitude of traits.Twin research has revealed the impact of a strong genetic component to the variance of many dental traits.The present study was conducted to assess the dental caries and oral hygiene status in monozygotic(MZ)and dizygotic(DZ)twins.A random sample of 129 MZ and DZ twin pairs aged 6-15 years were included in this study.The zygosity of twin pairs was initially recorded by facial appearance and later determined by dermatoglyphics.Dental caries and oral hygiene status were recorded in these twin pairs and the data were subjected to statistical analysis.No significant difference was observed in the mean decayed,extracted due to caries and filled teeth(deft)in primary dentition and decayed,missing and filled(DMFT)in permanent dentition scores and oral hygiene status in MZ and DZ twin pair&The similarity observed in oral health status reflects the effects of a shared environment in MZ and DZ twin pairs.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Periodomitis i.e. inflammation of the periodontium is a multifactorial disease. Antimicrobial peptides （AMPs） which demonstrate a broad-spectrum of activity against varied number of bacteria, fungi, vir...BACKGROUND： Periodomitis i.e. inflammation of the periodontium is a multifactorial disease. Antimicrobial peptides （AMPs） which demonstrate a broad-spectrum of activity against varied number of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites, and cancerous cells have been linked to periodontitis. The AMPs even possess the caliber of immunomodulation, and are significantly responsive to innate immuno-stimulation and infections. LL-37 plays a salubrious role by preventing and in treatment of chronic forms of periodontitis. OBJECTIVE： In the present work we will review the role of antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in periodontitis. METHODS： A systematic search was carried out from the beginning till August, 2016 using the Pubmed search engine. The keywords included ＂LL-37,＂ ＂periodontitis,＂ ＂Papillon-Lefevre syndrome,＂ ＂Morbus Kostmann,＂ ＂Haim-Munk syndrome＂ along with use of Boolean operator ＂and.＂ RESULTS： The search resulted in identifying 67 articles which included articles linking LL-37 with periodontitis, articles on Papillon-Lefevre syndrome, Morbus Kostmann, Haim-Munk syndrome, LL-37 and periodontitis and articles on pathogenicity of periodontitis. CONCLUSION： The literature search concluded that LL-37 plays a pivotal role in preventing and treatment of severe form of periodontitis.展开更多
Traumatic injuries to maxillary anterior teeth are a common finding in children because of falls while playing. Sequelae of trauma to dental hard tissue include broken, lost, aspirated and swallowed teeth. One additio...Traumatic injuries to maxillary anterior teeth are a common finding in children because of falls while playing. Sequelae of trauma to dental hard tissue include broken, lost, aspirated and swallowed teeth. One additional hazard is the embedding of fractured tooth fragments in the soft tissues, particularly in the lip. A 10-year-old male patient complained of pain in the lower lip. There was a history of trauma to the upper anterior tooth 10 months previously. Clinical examination showed scarring and discoloration over the lower lip, and the presence of a hard mass was felt on palpation. Intraoral examination revealed an Ellis and Davey class II fracture of number 11. A radiograph of the lip was taken, which showed a radiopaque structure similar to the shape of the missing tooth fragment. Under local anesthesia, the tooth fragment was removed successfully, and the class II fracture was restored with composite. Therefore, proper clinical and complete radiographic examination of both hard and soft tissues following dental trauma is essential to rule out such occurrences.展开更多
文摘In this editorial,we comment on the article by Hu et al entitled“Predictive modeling for postoperative delirium in elderly patients with abdominal malignancies using synthetic minority oversampling technique”.We wanted to draw attention to the general features of postoperative delirium(POD)as well as the areas where there are uncertainties and contradictions.POD can be defined as acute neurocognitive dysfunction that occurs in the first week after surgery.It is a severe postoperative complication,especially for elderly oncology patients.Although the underlying pathophysiological mechanism is not fully understood,various neuroinflammatory mechanisms and neurotransmitters are thought to be involved.Various assessment scales and diagnostic methods have been proposed for the early diagnosis of POD.As delirium is considered a preventable clinical entity in about half of the cases,various early prediction models developed with the support of machine learning have recently become a hot scientific topic.Unfortunately,a model with high sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of POD has not yet been reported.This situation reveals that all health personnel who provide health care services to elderly patients should approach patients with a high level of awareness in the perioperative period regarding POD.
文摘The success rate of apexification is primarily determined by multiple factors,including the material used,the size of the open apex compared to the length of the root,and the technique used in each case.The main objective of this review was to provide an update on the present management of open apex to identify factors and circumstances that may influence the success of apexification using different materials and techniques.Future research on apexification should focus on how to treat open apices with wide periapical lesions without surgery.Previously,the predictability of these parameters with non-surgical procedures was uncertain,but now,with the use of a dental operating microscope,it has become more predictable.Another reason could be that extra visits are no longer required due to major advances in the armamentarium and materials used for apexification.
文摘AIM To compare the efficacy of resin composite restorations, retained with either polyethylene or zirconia-rich glass fiber posts. METHODS Sixty-two single rooted maxillary and mandibularcentral incisor teeth in forty-four patients (15 males and 29 females; age range 15-32 years) were restored either with an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWP) fiber post (Bondable Reinforcement Ribbon, DENSE, Ribbond, Seattle, WA, United States) or a zircon-rich glass fiber post (Snowpost, Lot H 040; Carbotech, Ganges, France). Then, direct resin composite restoration (Clearfil AP-X, Kuraray) was performed for both post systems in tooth color suitable. Patients were recalled for routine inspections at 6 mo, 1, 2 and 3 years.RESULTS The restorations were assessed during each recall evaluation according to predetermined clinical and radiographic criteria (periapical lesion; marginal leakage and integrity; color stability; surface stain and loss of retention of the post or the composite buildup material). The follow-up data showed no significant difference in these criteria between polyethylene fibre posts and zirconia-rich glass fibre posts.CONCLUSION The efficacy of resin composite restorations, retained with either polyethylene or zirconia-rich glass fiber posts were similar, suggesting that both types of fiber post can be used successfully to help retain resin composite restorations.
基金supported by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research(DE015846)a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MEST)(NRF-2018R1A5A2024418 and NRF-2020R1A2C2100543)。
文摘Oligodontia is the congenital absence of six or more teeth and comprises the more severe forms of tooth agenesis.Many genes have been implicated in the etiology of tooth agenesis,which is highly variable in its clinical presentation.The purpose of this study was to identify associations between genetic mutations and clinical features of oligodontia patients.An online systematic search of papers published from January 1992 to June 2021 identified 381 oligodontia cases meeting the eligibility criteria of causative gene mutation,phenotype description,and radiographic records.Additionally,ten families with oligodontia were recruited and their genetic etiologies were determined by whole-exome sequence analyses.We identified a novel mutation in WNT10A(c.99_105dup)and eight previously reported mutations in WNT10A(c.433 G>A;c.682 T>A;c.318 C>G;c.511.C>T;c.321 C>A),EDAR(c.581 C>T),and LRP6(c.1003 C>T,c.2747 G>T).Collectively,20 different causative genes were implicated among those 393 cases with oligodontia.For each causative gene,the mean number of missing teeth per case and the frequency of teeth missing at each position were calculated.Genotype–phenotype correlation analysis indicated that molars agenesis is more likely linked to PAX9 mutations,mandibular first premolar agenesis is least associated with PAX9 mutations.
基金supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(Project No.3057 2046,30725042)
文摘Aim To characterize the odontogenic capability of apical bud and phenotypical change of apical bud cells （ABCs） in different microenvironment.Methodology Incisor apical bud tissues from neonatal SD rat were dissected and transplanted into the renal capsules to determine their odontogenic capability. Meanwhile ABCs were cultured and purified by repeated differential trypsinization. Then ABCs were cultured with conditioned medium from developing apical complex cells （DAC-CM）. Immunocytochemistry, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and scanning electron microscope （SEM） were performed to compare the biolo- gical change of ABC treated with or without DAC-CM. Results First we confirmed the ability of apical bud to form crown-like structure ectopically. Equally important, by using the developing apical complex （DAC） condi- tioned medium, we found the microenvironment created by root could abrogate the ＂crown＂ features of ABCs and promote their proliferation and differentiation. Conclusion ABCs possess odontogenic capability to form crown-like tissues and this property can be affected by root-produced microenvironment.
文摘Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the flexural and compressive strengths of a new sonicactivated bulk-fill system (Sonicfill) with other bulk-fill resins and a universal posterior composite resin. Materials and Methods: A low-stress flowable base resin material (SDR), a bulk-fill composite resin (Tetric Evo Ceram), a universal posterior composite (GC G-aenial), and the Sonicfill system were compared. The specimens were prepared for each group following ISO Standard 4049 (flexural strength) and ADA 27 specifications (compressive strength). One-way variance analysis and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to determine the statistical differences among groups (p 0.05). Results: The Sonicfill system presented significantly higher compressive strength than other groups (p < 0.001). For flexural strength results, although the Sonicfill system showed the highest values, no statistically significant differences were determined among all groups (p > 0.001). Conclusion: Due to the ability to place restorations with single increment and ease of use, the Sonicfill system can be an alternative for posterior restorations.
文摘The first molar will play a key role in the formation of permanent dentition and also is easy to be caries. In this series, 7968 cases 4-6 yrs old children are investigated and the eruption and caries of first molar are analysed. The results are as follows: The eruption rate of first molar in 7968 cases 4-6 yrs old children is 22.13%. The mean number of molar erupted is 0.55+1.17. Both are in very signiflicant sexual difference. The eruption in girls is earlier than that in boys. The eruption rates are 1.01% in 4 yrs old group and 59.00% in 6 yrs old group. In the per centage of the molar erupted, (?) is 66.26% with symmetrical rate 69.31%, 6 is 33.74% with symmetrical rate 33.24%. The incidence rate of caries in 1763 cases 4-6 yrs old children with first molar erupted is 1.76% with dft 0.02±0.15. The dft in cases of caries is 1.26±0.63. There are two molars with caries of Degree IV in 5 yrs old group. The eruption and caries of the first molar in childhood are analysed. The importance of prevention dnd treatment of first permanent molar in childhood is indicated.
文摘Parkinson's disease(PD) is an idiopathic progressive neurological disorder characterised by resting tremor, restrictions in mobility and muscular rigidity that can lead to problems in maintaining oral health. Here we report a case where crown lengthening surgeries were successfully performed in a PD patient for complete oral rehabilitation. Certain special considerations that are required before and during periodontal surgery in such patients are also elucidated. Often dentists and PD patients are reluctant to embark on complex dental procedures resulting in a compromised outcome. However, early intervention along with proper education and motivation of these patients can aid in achieving satisfactory results.
文摘The article highlights a new method for the fabrication of an ocular prosthesis by the incorporation of a ceramic scleral veneer. The steps of fabrication include impression making, wax try-in, performing a “cut-back” on a selected stock eye, insertion of the IPS e-max press scleral veneer, finishing and insertion. It also includes a detailed review on non-integrated ocular prostheses.
基金supported by NIDCR grants R01DE017732 and R01AR0600the Schoenleber Pilot Grant from the University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine
文摘The bone remodeling process in response to orthodontic forces requires the activity of osteoclasts to allow teeth to move in the direction of the force applied. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand(RANKL) is essential for this process although its cellular source in response to orthodontic forces has not been determined. Orthodontic tooth movement is considered to be an aseptic inflammatory process that is stimulated by leukocytes including T and B lymphocytes which are presumed to stimulate bone resorption. We determined whether periodontal ligament and bone lining cells were an essential source of RANKL by tamoxifen induced deletion of RANKL in which Cre recombinase was driven by a 3.2 kb reporter element of the Col1α1 gene in experimental mice(Col1α1.CreERTM+.RANKLf/f) and compared results with littermate controls(Col1α1.CreERTM-.RANKLf/f). By examination of Col1α1.CreERTM+.ROSA26 reporter mice we showed tissue specificity of tamoxifen induced Cre recombinase predominantly in the periodontal ligament and bone lining cells. Surprisingly we found that most of the orthodontic tooth movement and formation of osteoclasts was blocked in the experimental mice, which also had a reduced periodontal ligament space. Thus, we demonstrate for the first time that RANKL produced by periodontal ligament and bone lining cells provide the major driving force for tooth movement and osteoclastogenesis in response to orthodontic forces.
文摘Cranial defects often occur due to trauma. The treatment of such defects is a challenge to the skill and knowledge of the practitioner. This article presents one such case, where a 15-year-old boy had suffered extensive loss of the right cranium following a road traffic accident. The patient required rehabilitation of the right fronto-temporal cranial anatomy and was managed using a custom made heat polymerized acrylic alloplastic implant.
文摘Nevoid basal cell carcinoma, known as Gorlin Goltz Syndrome, is a rare hereditary condition, characterized by a wide range of developmental abnormalities and a predisposition to neoplasms. In this report, we discuss a case of a patient with Gorlin Goltz Syndrome, who was 16 years old when first admitted for an initial appointment. The patient was diagnosed, treated and followed up for 7 years to present day. This syndrome is associated with a broad spectrum of anomalies and neoplasms as basal cell carcinomas, odontogenic keratocysts, palmar and/or plantar pits, and ectopic calcifications of the falx cerebri. It affects multiple organ systems, which include skeletal, teeth, jaw, skin, eyes, reproductive organs, and neural system. All the features however, are rarely observed in a single patient. The following paper presents the significance of early diagnosis of Gorlin Goltz Syndrome and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in providing proper treatment for the patient.
文摘Periodontitis is a polymicrobial disease inciting inflammatory destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues, i.e., periodontium. The initiation of this infectious disease is ascribed to the formation of subgingival biofilms. These biofilms cause stimulation of myriad of chronic inflammatory reactions by the affected tissue. The Gram-negative anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis is commonly found as part of the microbiota of subgingival biofilms, and is involved in the occurrence of the disease. P. gingivalis possesses numerous virulence factors supporting its survival, regulating its communication with other species in the biofilm, degrading host tissues. Fusobacterium nucleatum is pivotal for formation of biofilm and promotes growth and invasion properties ofP. gingivalis. Bestatin is an aminopeptide inhibitor, produced by actinomycetes. It possesses antibacterial properties against P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum. The following review focuses on action of bestatin on the mentioned bacteria.
文摘The study of twins provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the genetic and nongenetic contributions to a variance of multitude of traits.Twin research has revealed the impact of a strong genetic component to the variance of many dental traits.The present study was conducted to assess the dental caries and oral hygiene status in monozygotic(MZ)and dizygotic(DZ)twins.A random sample of 129 MZ and DZ twin pairs aged 6-15 years were included in this study.The zygosity of twin pairs was initially recorded by facial appearance and later determined by dermatoglyphics.Dental caries and oral hygiene status were recorded in these twin pairs and the data were subjected to statistical analysis.No significant difference was observed in the mean decayed,extracted due to caries and filled teeth(deft)in primary dentition and decayed,missing and filled(DMFT)in permanent dentition scores and oral hygiene status in MZ and DZ twin pair&The similarity observed in oral health status reflects the effects of a shared environment in MZ and DZ twin pairs.
文摘BACKGROUND： Periodomitis i.e. inflammation of the periodontium is a multifactorial disease. Antimicrobial peptides （AMPs） which demonstrate a broad-spectrum of activity against varied number of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites, and cancerous cells have been linked to periodontitis. The AMPs even possess the caliber of immunomodulation, and are significantly responsive to innate immuno-stimulation and infections. LL-37 plays a salubrious role by preventing and in treatment of chronic forms of periodontitis. OBJECTIVE： In the present work we will review the role of antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in periodontitis. METHODS： A systematic search was carried out from the beginning till August, 2016 using the Pubmed search engine. The keywords included ＂LL-37,＂ ＂periodontitis,＂ ＂Papillon-Lefevre syndrome,＂ ＂Morbus Kostmann,＂ ＂Haim-Munk syndrome＂ along with use of Boolean operator ＂and.＂ RESULTS： The search resulted in identifying 67 articles which included articles linking LL-37 with periodontitis, articles on Papillon-Lefevre syndrome, Morbus Kostmann, Haim-Munk syndrome, LL-37 and periodontitis and articles on pathogenicity of periodontitis. CONCLUSION： The literature search concluded that LL-37 plays a pivotal role in preventing and treatment of severe form of periodontitis.
文摘Traumatic injuries to maxillary anterior teeth are a common finding in children because of falls while playing. Sequelae of trauma to dental hard tissue include broken, lost, aspirated and swallowed teeth. One additional hazard is the embedding of fractured tooth fragments in the soft tissues, particularly in the lip. A 10-year-old male patient complained of pain in the lower lip. There was a history of trauma to the upper anterior tooth 10 months previously. Clinical examination showed scarring and discoloration over the lower lip, and the presence of a hard mass was felt on palpation. Intraoral examination revealed an Ellis and Davey class II fracture of number 11. A radiograph of the lip was taken, which showed a radiopaque structure similar to the shape of the missing tooth fragment. Under local anesthesia, the tooth fragment was removed successfully, and the class II fracture was restored with composite. Therefore, proper clinical and complete radiographic examination of both hard and soft tissues following dental trauma is essential to rule out such occurrences.
