Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported an error in the last author’s name,it was mistakenly written as“Jun Den”.The correct author’s name“Jun Deng”has been updated in this Correction.
Macrophage immunotherapy represents an emerging therapeutic approach aimed at modulating the immune response to alleviate disease symptoms.Nanomaterials(NMs)have been engineered to monitor macrophage metabolism,enabli...Macrophage immunotherapy represents an emerging therapeutic approach aimed at modulating the immune response to alleviate disease symptoms.Nanomaterials(NMs)have been engineered to monitor macrophage metabolism,enabling the evaluation of disease progression and the replication of intricate physiological signal patterns.They achieve this either directly or by delivering regulatory signals,thereby mapping phenotype to effector functions through metabolic repurposing to customize macrophage fate for therapy.However,a comprehensive summary regarding NM-mediated macrophage visualization and coordinated metabolic rewiring to maintain phenotypic equilibrium is currently lacking.This review aims to address this gap by outlining recent advancements in NM-based metabolic immunotherapy.We initially explore the relationship between metabolism,polarization,and disease,before delving into recent NM innovations that visualize macrophage activity to elucidate disease onset and fine-tune its fate through metabolic remodeling for macrophage-centered immunotherapy.Finally,we discuss the prospects and challenges of NM-mediated metabolic immunotherapy,aiming to accelerate clinical translation.We anticipate that this review will serve as a valuable reference for researchers seeking to leverage novel metabolic intervention-matched immunomodulators in macrophages or other fields of immune engineering.展开更多
Neurological disorders have always been a threat to human physical and mental health nowadays,which are closely related to the nonregeneration of neurons in the nervous system(NS).The damage to the NS is currently dif...Neurological disorders have always been a threat to human physical and mental health nowadays,which are closely related to the nonregeneration of neurons in the nervous system(NS).The damage to the NS is currently difficult to repair using conventional therapies,such as surgery and medication.Therefore,repairing the damaged NS has always been a vast challenge in the area of neurology.Tissue engineering(TE),which integrates the cell biology and materials science to reconstruct or repair organs and tissues,has widespread applications in bone,periodontal tissue defects,skin repairs,and corneal transplantation.Recently,tremendous advances have been made in TE regarding neuroscience.In this review,we summarize TE’s recent progress in neuroscience,including pathological mechanisms of various neurological disorders,the concepts and classification of TE,and the most recent development of TE in neuroscience.Lastly,we prospect the future directions and unresolved problems of TE in neuroscience.展开更多
A series of stable waterborne polysiloxaneurethane （WPSUR） dispersions were prepared using amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane （NS）, dimethylolpropionic acid （DMPA）, castor oil, polypropylene glycol and toluen...A series of stable waterborne polysiloxaneurethane （WPSUR） dispersions were prepared using amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane （NS）, dimethylolpropionic acid （DMPA）, castor oil, polypropylene glycol and toluene diisocyanate. Meanwhile, NS with different molecular weights was synthesized and used as the soft co-segment. Effects of types and contents of soft co-segments as well as chain extenders on the thermal degradation and stability for WPSUR films were examined. Results reveal that WPSUR films exhibit excellent water resistance and mechanical properties as compared with pure polyurethane （PU） films, and the NS soft co-segment possesses a remarkable effect on the second stage （stage Ⅱ）, while the content of the hard segment is propitious to the initial stage （stage Ⅰ）. Moreover, the highest temperature of stage Ⅱ （T2m） for WPSUR films using NS as soft co-segment is 413℃, approximately being 30℃ higher than that of those typical PUs using HDA and APDMS as the chain extenders, respectively.展开更多
Acryloyl terminated Poly (ethyleneoxide)macromonomers (PEO-A) with different PEO chain lengths have been prepared by deactivation of PEO alkoxide with acryloyl chloride. A new kind of amphiphilic polystyrene-g-poly (e...Acryloyl terminated Poly (ethyleneoxide)macromonomers (PEO-A) with different PEO chain lengths have been prepared by deactivation of PEO alkoxide with acryloyl chloride. A new kind of amphiphilic polystyrene-g-poly (ethylene oxide)graft copolymer containing both microphase separated and PEO side chain structures has been synthesized from radical copolymerization of PEO-A macromonomer with styrene. After careful purification by a newly-developed method called 'selective dissolution', the well-defined structure of the purified copolymers was confirmed by IR, ~1H-NMR and GPC. Various experimental parameters controlling the copolymerization were studied in detail. The results indicated that the feed ratio of styrene to macromonomer(S/M) was the most important determining factor for the composition of the copolymers. A detailed 'comb- model' was proposed to describe the molecular structure of the graft copolymers. Finally, this amphiphilic graft copolymers may readily form microphase separated structures as clearly indicated by transmission electron microscopy.展开更多
Rheological measurement has been a preferred approach to the characterization of the structure and phase behaviors for multi-component/multi-phase polymer systems, due to its sensitive response to the changes of struc...Rheological measurement has been a preferred approach to the characterization of the structure and phase behaviors for multi-component/multi-phase polymer systems, due to its sensitive response to the changes of structure for these heterogeneous polymers. In the present article, recent progresses in the studies on rheology for heterogeneous polymer systems including phase-separated polymeric blends and block copolymers are reviewed, mainly depending on the results by the authors＇ research group. By means of rheological measurements, not only some new fingerprints responsible for the evolution of morphology and structure concerning these polymer systems are obtained, also the corresponding results are significant for design and preparation of novel polymeric structural materials and functional materials.展开更多
The mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties of blends composed of Nylon 6 and poly （ butylenes terephthalate） （PBT）, with styrene/maleic anhydride（SMA） as compatibilizer, were studied. The observ...The mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties of blends composed of Nylon 6 and poly （ butylenes terephthalate） （PBT）, with styrene/maleic anhydride（SMA） as compatibilizer, were studied. The observation on the morphologies of the etched surfaces of the cryogenically fractured specimens via scanning electron microscopy（SEM） demonstrated that in the compatibilized Nylon 6/PBT blends, there exists a finer and more uniform dispersion induced by the in-situ interfacial chemical reactions during the preparation than that in the corresponding uncompatibilized blends. On the other hand, the overall mechanical properties of the compatibilized blends could be remarkably im- proved compared with those of the uncompatibilized ones. Moreover, increasing the amount of the compatibilizer SMA leads to a more efficient dispersion of the PBT phase in Nylon 6/PBT blends. Furthermore, there exists an optimum level of SMA added to achieve the maximum mechanical properties. As far as the mechanism of this reactive compatibilization is concerned, the enhanced interfacial adhesion is necessary to obtain improved dispersion, stable phase morphology, and better mechanical properties.展开更多
A noncrystallizable semiaromatic polyamide copolymer（NSAP） was dissolved in molten caprolactam, and PA6/ NSAP blends were produced in-situ via the anionic ring-opening polymerization of caprolactam. The presence of ...A noncrystallizable semiaromatic polyamide copolymer（NSAP） was dissolved in molten caprolactam, and PA6/ NSAP blends were produced in-situ via the anionic ring-opening polymerization of caprolactam. The presence of a single loss tangent（tanS） peak measured by means of dynamic mechanical analysis（DMA） proves the miscibility between PA6 and NSAP in the blends. It was found that there existed drastic changes in the crystallographic form and crystallization kinetics for the in-situ blends, e.g. , when 20% NSAP was added, nearly all crystallites existed in the ,y form and the crystallization could hardly occur upon cooling even at a rate of 2.5 ℃/min. Moreover, cold crystallization appears during the subsequent heating, and its melting point is 40 ℃ lower than that of the virgin system. On the other hand, the size of the spherulites only decreases modestly. It is suggested that the introduction of irregular stiff segments originated from NSAP into PA6 macromolecule chain, which resulted from transamidation during the polymerization play a dominant role in the drastic change of crystallization kinetics and the resultant morphology of the in-situ blends.展开更多
Retinal neovascularization(RNV),a typical pathological manifestation involved in most neovascular diseases,causes retinal detachment,vision loss,and ultimately irreversible blindness.Repeated intravitreal injections o...Retinal neovascularization(RNV),a typical pathological manifestation involved in most neovascular diseases,causes retinal detachment,vision loss,and ultimately irreversible blindness.Repeated intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF drugs were developed against RNV,with limitations of incomplete responses and adverse effects.Therefore,a new treatment with a better curative effect and more prolonged dosage is demanding.Here,we induced macrophage polarization to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype by inhibiting cGAS-STING signaling with an antagonist C176,appreciating the role of cGAS-STING signaling in the retina in pro-inflammatory M1 polarization.C176-loaded and phosphatidylserine-modified dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles were constructed and examined by a single intravitreal injection.The biosafe nanoparticles were phagocytosed by retinal macrophages through a phosphatidylserine-mediated“eat me”signal,which persistently release C176 to suppress STING signaling and thereby promote macrophage M2 polarization specifically.A single dosage can effectively alleviate pathological angiogenesis phenotypes in murine oxygen-induced retinopathy models.In conclusion,these C176-loaded nanoparticles with enhanced cell uptake and long-lasting STING inhibition effects might serve as a promising way for treating RNV.展开更多
The unfavorable photochemical processes at the molecular level have become a bar-rier limiting the use of aromatic amides as high-performance luminescent materials.Herein,we propose a reliable strategy for manipulatin...The unfavorable photochemical processes at the molecular level have become a bar-rier limiting the use of aromatic amides as high-performance luminescent materials.Herein,we propose a reliable strategy for manipulating noncovalent conformational lock(NCL)via side-chain engineering to burst out eye-catching luminescence at the aggregate level.Contrary to the invisible emission in dilute solutions,dyad OO with a three-centered H-bond gave the wondrous crystallization-induced emis-sion with a quantum yield of 66.8%and clusterization-triggered emission,which were much brighter than those of isomers.Theoretical calculations demonstrate that crystallization-induced planarized intramolecular charge transfer(PICT),con-formation rigidification,and through-space conjugation(TSC)are responsible for aggregate-state luminescence.Robust NCL composed of intramolecular N-H⋅⋅⋅Ointeractions could boost molecular rigidity and planarity,thus greatly facilitating PICT and TSC.This study would inspire researchers to design efficient luminescent materials at the aggregate level via rational conformational control.展开更多
The multi-component strategy has proven effective in advancing the performance of organic photovoltaics(OPVs),enhancing photocurrent andfill factor through spectral complementarity and morphology optimization.However,t...The multi-component strategy has proven effective in advancing the performance of organic photovoltaics(OPVs),enhancing photocurrent andfill factor through spectral complementarity and morphology optimization.However,the open-circuit voltage(VOC)mechanism in multi-component systems lacks systematic investiga-tion.In this study,we explore the influence of alloy-like phases on energy level distribution and energy loss mechanisms in multi-component OPVs.Appropriate modulation of donor alloy-like phases maintains the original intermolecular stack-ing,enhances component compatibility,reduces acceptor aggregation,and improves acceptor phase purity,mitigating non-radiative recombination losses.Additionally,suitable alloy-like phase modulation elevates charge transfer(CT)states,reducing the gap between CT and local exciton state,lowering reorganization energy,and alleviating radiative recombination loss below the bandgap.Through synergistic optimization(layer-by-layer method with solid additive),ternary devices based on Y6 acceptor achieve a notable 19.41%power conversion efficiency,offering new insights for the analysis of the energy loss of the multi-component OPVs.展开更多
Critical association concentration (Ca) of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) in selective solvent mixtures of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) (polar solvent) and cyclohexane (CYH) (non-polar solvent) was investigated. D...Critical association concentration (Ca) of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) in selective solvent mixtures of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) (polar solvent) and cyclohexane (CYH) (non-polar solvent) was investigated. DCE is a good solvent for polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and a poor solvent for paraffin, whereas CYH is a good solvent for the paraffin and a precipitant for PVAc. Viscosities of EVA in different compositions of the solvent mixture with and without additives were measured. Viscosity results were used to determine the C-A value of the systems. It is shown that C-A was markedly dependent on the composition of the solvent mixture and concentration and structure of the additive. Solvation and competition between hydrogen bonding and micellisation were suggested for qualitative description of the changing of C-A value observed.展开更多
A new reactive graft copolymer, poly (dimethyl siloxane)-graft-omega-hydroxyl-poly (ethylene oxide) (PDMS-g-(PEO-OH)), was synthesized by the hydrosilylation reaction of alpha, omega-bifunctional PEO macromonomer (CH2...A new reactive graft copolymer, poly (dimethyl siloxane)-graft-omega-hydroxyl-poly (ethylene oxide) (PDMS-g-(PEO-OH)), was synthesized by the hydrosilylation reaction of alpha, omega-bifunctional PEO macromonomer (CH2=CH-CH2-PEO-OH) with poly (hydromethylsiloxane) (PHMS). The obtained copolymer, exhibited the expected comblike structure as indicated by the result of detailed characterization and the needed reactivity as demonstrated by the result of esterification between PDMS-g-(PEO-OH) and aminoacetic acid. This reactive graft copolymer is expected to be very useful in the preparation of new bioactive polymer materials.展开更多
This paper reported the research results concerning the surface characterization ofpolystyrene-graft-w-stearyl poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-g-SPEO) by means of XPS,contactangle measurement and TEM, and its in vitro blood ...This paper reported the research results concerning the surface characterization ofpolystyrene-graft-w-stearyl poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-g-SPEO) by means of XPS,contactangle measurement and TEM, and its in vitro blood compatibility assessment by measuringthe plasma recalcification time (RT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT). The XPSresults demonstrated that the surface and bulk composition of the PS-g-SPEO graftcopolymers differ remarkably from each other,and that SPEO component was constantlyenriched at the copolymer/air interface. Contact angle studies indicated that the surfacewater wettability can be adjusted effectively by changing the composition of the copolymer.PS-g-SPEO graft copolymers can undergo microphase separation as clearly illustrated byTEM photographs. The relationship between the surface properties of PS-g-SPEO graftcopolymer and its blood compatibility was also discussed.展开更多
Silicone-acrylate copolymer latex was prepared through three different polymerization processes, i.e., the batch process, preemulsified monomer addition and the monomer addition process. The results revealed that the ...Silicone-acrylate copolymer latex was prepared through three different polymerization processes, i.e., the batch process, preemulsified monomer addition and the monomer addition process. The results revealed that the monomer addition process is a desirable approach to produce narrow particle size distribution latex with higher polymerization conversion and less amount of coagulum. The effect of silicone content on the glossiness and water absorption of latex film was investigated and the results showed that the glossiness of latex film is improved up to a silicone content of 10% of total monomers, but becomes impaired thereafter, whereas water absorption is reduced accordingly.展开更多
The title compound, thiodiglycol dimethacrylate (TDGDMA), was synthesized from thiodiglycol and methacryloyl chloride by phase transfer catalysis reaction, and its structure was confirmed by FTIR and 1H-NMR analyses. ...The title compound, thiodiglycol dimethacrylate (TDGDMA), was synthesized from thiodiglycol and methacryloyl chloride by phase transfer catalysis reaction, and its structure was confirmed by FTIR and 1H-NMR analyses. TDGDMA possesses good polymerizability to produce a homopolymer resin with excellent transparency (T%, 90), moderate refractivity (nd20, 1.55), lower dispersivity (Abbe's number, 50.6) and higher glass transition temperature (Tg, 119°C). Through copolymerization with styrene (St) or styrene-4,4'-bismethacryloyloxydiphenylsulfone (BPSDMA), many properties of the copolymer such as refractive index, Abbe's number, strength, onset wavelength in the UV region and density were significantly modified. A copolymer resin with balanced properties between refractive index and dispersion was produced at the weight ratio of TDGDMA:St:BPSDMA (25:50:25), where nd20 and Abbe's number are 1.5815 and 36.5, respectively.展开更多
The title copolymer(PDEBO) was synthesized. The thermal characteristics of the polymer were determined by means of DSC and TGA, revealing that the polymer has a good thermal stability. The X-ray diffraction measuremen...The title copolymer(PDEBO) was synthesized. The thermal characteristics of the polymer were determined by means of DSC and TGA, revealing that the polymer has a good thermal stability. The X-ray diffraction measurements of the thin films showed that the polymer is disorder. Electroluminescence(EL) in the green region of the spectrum with a maximum at 500 nm was observed from the polymer films sandwiched between indium-tin-oxide and an Al electrode.展开更多
Copolymerization of carbon dioxide with epichlorohydrin was successfully carried out by usingNd(P_(204))_3-Al(i-Bu)_3 as catalyst (P_(204))=(RO)_2 POO--,R=CH_3 (CH_2),CH(C_2H_5) CH_2--). Addi-tion of carbonyl compound...Copolymerization of carbon dioxide with epichlorohydrin was successfully carried out by usingNd(P_(204))_3-Al(i-Bu)_3 as catalyst (P_(204))=(RO)_2 POO--,R=CH_3 (CH_2),CH(C_2H_5) CH_2--). Addi-tion of carbonyl compounds into the catalyst decreased the carbon dioxide content of the copoly-mer to some extent. Compared to nonpolar solvents, ethereal and moderate polar solvents werefavourable to obtaining higher carbon dioxide content copolymer. The coincidence of these resultswith the assumed copolymerization scheme clearly indicated that the copolymerization proceeds via coordinate anionic mechanism.展开更多
Phase behavior and micellization of dextran-graft-poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) polymers in aqueous solution are investigated in this paper using DSC and AFM methods. It is found that with the increase of gr...Phase behavior and micellization of dextran-graft-poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) polymers in aqueous solution are investigated in this paper using DSC and AFM methods. It is found that with the increase of grafting (G%) of the copolymers the endothermic enthalpy during the phase transition increases significantly and the transition temperature decreases slightly. The phase transition behavior of the copolymers is scanning rate dependent. Micelles are formed whenever the solution temperature is raised above the LCST of the copolymers. It is proposed that by using this thermal responsive property of the copolymers, drugs could be incorporated into the micelles without employing any organic solvent.展开更多
Poly(isoprene-b-butyl methacrylate) block copolymer with a high molecular weight was synthesized in the presence of rare earth coordination catalyst [RE(P 204 ) 3-Al( i Bu) 3 DBE]. The block copolymer wa...Poly(isoprene-b-butyl methacrylate) block copolymer with a high molecular weight was synthesized in the presence of rare earth coordination catalyst [RE(P 204 ) 3-Al( i Bu) 3 DBE]. The block copolymer was characterized by means of GPC,IR,DSC,NMR and elemental analysis. The block copolymer prepared has two glass transition temperatures: -75 6 ℃ and 32 2 ℃. The microstructure of the diblock copolymer possessed 96 8% cis 1,4 addition for the isoprene segment and a 70% syndiotacticity for the butyl methacrylate segment.展开更多
文摘Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported an error in the last author’s name,it was mistakenly written as“Jun Den”.The correct author’s name“Jun Deng”has been updated in this Correction.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92168106 and 82222039).
文摘Macrophage immunotherapy represents an emerging therapeutic approach aimed at modulating the immune response to alleviate disease symptoms.Nanomaterials(NMs)have been engineered to monitor macrophage metabolism,enabling the evaluation of disease progression and the replication of intricate physiological signal patterns.They achieve this either directly or by delivering regulatory signals,thereby mapping phenotype to effector functions through metabolic repurposing to customize macrophage fate for therapy.However,a comprehensive summary regarding NM-mediated macrophage visualization and coordinated metabolic rewiring to maintain phenotypic equilibrium is currently lacking.This review aims to address this gap by outlining recent advancements in NM-based metabolic immunotherapy.We initially explore the relationship between metabolism,polarization,and disease,before delving into recent NM innovations that visualize macrophage activity to elucidate disease onset and fine-tune its fate through metabolic remodeling for macrophage-centered immunotherapy.Finally,we discuss the prospects and challenges of NM-mediated metabolic immunotherapy,aiming to accelerate clinical translation.We anticipate that this review will serve as a valuable reference for researchers seeking to leverage novel metabolic intervention-matched immunomodulators in macrophages or other fields of immune engineering.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA0909900)Zhejiang Province“Kunpeng Action”Plan to Z.G.,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52173142)+1 种基金the Startup Packages of Zhejiang University to Z.G.Competing interes ts:Z.G.is the cofounder of Zenomics Inc.,Zencapsule Inc.,Lizen Inc.,Wskin Inc.,ZCapsule Inc.All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.
文摘Neurological disorders have always been a threat to human physical and mental health nowadays,which are closely related to the nonregeneration of neurons in the nervous system(NS).The damage to the NS is currently difficult to repair using conventional therapies,such as surgery and medication.Therefore,repairing the damaged NS has always been a vast challenge in the area of neurology.Tissue engineering(TE),which integrates the cell biology and materials science to reconstruct or repair organs and tissues,has widespread applications in bone,periodontal tissue defects,skin repairs,and corneal transplantation.Recently,tremendous advances have been made in TE regarding neuroscience.In this review,we summarize TE’s recent progress in neuroscience,including pathological mechanisms of various neurological disorders,the concepts and classification of TE,and the most recent development of TE in neuroscience.Lastly,we prospect the future directions and unresolved problems of TE in neuroscience.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province(No.2006C11050)
文摘A series of stable waterborne polysiloxaneurethane （WPSUR） dispersions were prepared using amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane （NS）, dimethylolpropionic acid （DMPA）, castor oil, polypropylene glycol and toluene diisocyanate. Meanwhile, NS with different molecular weights was synthesized and used as the soft co-segment. Effects of types and contents of soft co-segments as well as chain extenders on the thermal degradation and stability for WPSUR films were examined. Results reveal that WPSUR films exhibit excellent water resistance and mechanical properties as compared with pure polyurethane （PU） films, and the NS soft co-segment possesses a remarkable effect on the second stage （stage Ⅱ）, while the content of the hard segment is propitious to the initial stage （stage Ⅰ）. Moreover, the highest temperature of stage Ⅱ （T2m） for WPSUR films using NS as soft co-segment is 413℃, approximately being 30℃ higher than that of those typical PUs using HDA and APDMS as the chain extenders, respectively.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the State Education Committee of China
文摘Acryloyl terminated Poly (ethyleneoxide)macromonomers (PEO-A) with different PEO chain lengths have been prepared by deactivation of PEO alkoxide with acryloyl chloride. A new kind of amphiphilic polystyrene-g-poly (ethylene oxide)graft copolymer containing both microphase separated and PEO side chain structures has been synthesized from radical copolymerization of PEO-A macromonomer with styrene. After careful purification by a newly-developed method called 'selective dissolution', the well-defined structure of the purified copolymers was confirmed by IR, ~1H-NMR and GPC. Various experimental parameters controlling the copolymerization were studied in detail. The results indicated that the feed ratio of styrene to macromonomer(S/M) was the most important determining factor for the composition of the copolymers. A detailed 'comb- model' was proposed to describe the molecular structure of the graft copolymers. Finally, this amphiphilic graft copolymers may readily form microphase separated structures as clearly indicated by transmission electron microscopy.
基金This work was supported by the Special Funds for Major Stale Basic Research Projects (No. 2005CB623802) National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50373037).
文摘Rheological measurement has been a preferred approach to the characterization of the structure and phase behaviors for multi-component/multi-phase polymer systems, due to its sensitive response to the changes of structure for these heterogeneous polymers. In the present article, recent progresses in the studies on rheology for heterogeneous polymer systems including phase-separated polymeric blends and block copolymers are reviewed, mainly depending on the results by the authors＇ research group. By means of rheological measurements, not only some new fingerprints responsible for the evolution of morphology and structure concerning these polymer systems are obtained, also the corresponding results are significant for design and preparation of novel polymeric structural materials and functional materials.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Funds of Guizhou Province,China(No.GY-2005-3036)the National Basic Research Pro-gram of China(No.2005CB623802).
文摘The mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties of blends composed of Nylon 6 and poly （ butylenes terephthalate） （PBT）, with styrene/maleic anhydride（SMA） as compatibilizer, were studied. The observation on the morphologies of the etched surfaces of the cryogenically fractured specimens via scanning electron microscopy（SEM） demonstrated that in the compatibilized Nylon 6/PBT blends, there exists a finer and more uniform dispersion induced by the in-situ interfacial chemical reactions during the preparation than that in the corresponding uncompatibilized blends. On the other hand, the overall mechanical properties of the compatibilized blends could be remarkably im- proved compared with those of the uncompatibilized ones. Moreover, increasing the amount of the compatibilizer SMA leads to a more efficient dispersion of the PBT phase in Nylon 6/PBT blends. Furthermore, there exists an optimum level of SMA added to achieve the maximum mechanical properties. As far as the mechanism of this reactive compatibilization is concerned, the enhanced interfacial adhesion is necessary to obtain improved dispersion, stable phase morphology, and better mechanical properties.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No50373037)
文摘A noncrystallizable semiaromatic polyamide copolymer（NSAP） was dissolved in molten caprolactam, and PA6/ NSAP blends were produced in-situ via the anionic ring-opening polymerization of caprolactam. The presence of a single loss tangent（tanS） peak measured by means of dynamic mechanical analysis（DMA） proves the miscibility between PA6 and NSAP in the blends. It was found that there existed drastic changes in the crystallographic form and crystallization kinetics for the in-situ blends, e.g. , when 20% NSAP was added, nearly all crystallites existed in the ,y form and the crystallization could hardly occur upon cooling even at a rate of 2.5 ℃/min. Moreover, cold crystallization appears during the subsequent heating, and its melting point is 40 ℃ lower than that of the virgin system. On the other hand, the size of the spherulites only decreases modestly. It is suggested that the introduction of irregular stiff segments originated from NSAP into PA6 macromolecule chain, which resulted from transamidation during the polymerization play a dominant role in the drastic change of crystallization kinetics and the resultant morphology of the in-situ blends.
基金supported by Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82330032)Natural Science Foundation of China(82201195)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund(U20A20386)Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2024C03204).
文摘Retinal neovascularization(RNV),a typical pathological manifestation involved in most neovascular diseases,causes retinal detachment,vision loss,and ultimately irreversible blindness.Repeated intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF drugs were developed against RNV,with limitations of incomplete responses and adverse effects.Therefore,a new treatment with a better curative effect and more prolonged dosage is demanding.Here,we induced macrophage polarization to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype by inhibiting cGAS-STING signaling with an antagonist C176,appreciating the role of cGAS-STING signaling in the retina in pro-inflammatory M1 polarization.C176-loaded and phosphatidylserine-modified dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles were constructed and examined by a single intravitreal injection.The biosafe nanoparticles were phagocytosed by retinal macrophages through a phosphatidylserine-mediated“eat me”signal,which persistently release C176 to suppress STING signaling and thereby promote macrophage M2 polarization specifically.A single dosage can effectively alleviate pathological angiogenesis phenotypes in murine oxygen-induced retinopathy models.In conclusion,these C176-loaded nanoparticles with enhanced cell uptake and long-lasting STING inhibition effects might serve as a promising way for treating RNV.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 22205040,U2001222,and 52273168)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(grant number 2021A1515110417)J.Zhang acknowledges the support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions grant(101105790)。
文摘The unfavorable photochemical processes at the molecular level have become a bar-rier limiting the use of aromatic amides as high-performance luminescent materials.Herein,we propose a reliable strategy for manipulating noncovalent conformational lock(NCL)via side-chain engineering to burst out eye-catching luminescence at the aggregate level.Contrary to the invisible emission in dilute solutions,dyad OO with a three-centered H-bond gave the wondrous crystallization-induced emis-sion with a quantum yield of 66.8%and clusterization-triggered emission,which were much brighter than those of isomers.Theoretical calculations demonstrate that crystallization-induced planarized intramolecular charge transfer(PICT),con-formation rigidification,and through-space conjugation(TSC)are responsible for aggregate-state luminescence.Robust NCL composed of intramolecular N-H⋅⋅⋅Ointeractions could boost molecular rigidity and planarity,thus greatly facilitating PICT and TSC.This study would inspire researchers to design efficient luminescent materials at the aggregate level via rational conformational control.
基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Numbers:LQ23E030002,LZ23B040001National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:52303226,21971049+1 种基金Hangzhou Normal University,Grant/Award Number:4095C50222204002National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2019YFA0705902。
文摘The multi-component strategy has proven effective in advancing the performance of organic photovoltaics(OPVs),enhancing photocurrent andfill factor through spectral complementarity and morphology optimization.However,the open-circuit voltage(VOC)mechanism in multi-component systems lacks systematic investiga-tion.In this study,we explore the influence of alloy-like phases on energy level distribution and energy loss mechanisms in multi-component OPVs.Appropriate modulation of donor alloy-like phases maintains the original intermolecular stack-ing,enhances component compatibility,reduces acceptor aggregation,and improves acceptor phase purity,mitigating non-radiative recombination losses.Additionally,suitable alloy-like phase modulation elevates charge transfer(CT)states,reducing the gap between CT and local exciton state,lowering reorganization energy,and alleviating radiative recombination loss below the bandgap.Through synergistic optimization(layer-by-layer method with solid additive),ternary devices based on Y6 acceptor achieve a notable 19.41%power conversion efficiency,offering new insights for the analysis of the energy loss of the multi-component OPVs.
基金The project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.29774020).
文摘Critical association concentration (Ca) of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) in selective solvent mixtures of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) (polar solvent) and cyclohexane (CYH) (non-polar solvent) was investigated. DCE is a good solvent for polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and a poor solvent for paraffin, whereas CYH is a good solvent for the paraffin and a precipitant for PVAc. Viscosities of EVA in different compositions of the solvent mixture with and without additives were measured. Viscosity results were used to determine the C-A value of the systems. It is shown that C-A was markedly dependent on the composition of the solvent mixture and concentration and structure of the additive. Solvation and competition between hydrogen bonding and micellisation were suggested for qualitative description of the changing of C-A value observed.
基金This work was supported by the Foundation for 863 Projects of the State Science and Technology Commission of China and the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province
文摘A new reactive graft copolymer, poly (dimethyl siloxane)-graft-omega-hydroxyl-poly (ethylene oxide) (PDMS-g-(PEO-OH)), was synthesized by the hydrosilylation reaction of alpha, omega-bifunctional PEO macromonomer (CH2=CH-CH2-PEO-OH) with poly (hydromethylsiloxane) (PHMS). The obtained copolymer, exhibited the expected comblike structure as indicated by the result of detailed characterization and the needed reactivity as demonstrated by the result of esterification between PDMS-g-(PEO-OH) and aminoacetic acid. This reactive graft copolymer is expected to be very useful in the preparation of new bioactive polymer materials.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the State Education Committee of China.
文摘This paper reported the research results concerning the surface characterization ofpolystyrene-graft-w-stearyl poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-g-SPEO) by means of XPS,contactangle measurement and TEM, and its in vitro blood compatibility assessment by measuringthe plasma recalcification time (RT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT). The XPSresults demonstrated that the surface and bulk composition of the PS-g-SPEO graftcopolymers differ remarkably from each other,and that SPEO component was constantlyenriched at the copolymer/air interface. Contact angle studies indicated that the surfacewater wettability can be adjusted effectively by changing the composition of the copolymer.PS-g-SPEO graft copolymers can undergo microphase separation as clearly illustrated byTEM photographs. The relationship between the surface properties of PS-g-SPEO graftcopolymer and its blood compatibility was also discussed.
文摘Silicone-acrylate copolymer latex was prepared through three different polymerization processes, i.e., the batch process, preemulsified monomer addition and the monomer addition process. The results revealed that the monomer addition process is a desirable approach to produce narrow particle size distribution latex with higher polymerization conversion and less amount of coagulum. The effect of silicone content on the glossiness and water absorption of latex film was investigated and the results showed that the glossiness of latex film is improved up to a silicone content of 10% of total monomers, but becomes impaired thereafter, whereas water absorption is reduced accordingly.
基金This project was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (599103).
文摘The title compound, thiodiglycol dimethacrylate (TDGDMA), was synthesized from thiodiglycol and methacryloyl chloride by phase transfer catalysis reaction, and its structure was confirmed by FTIR and 1H-NMR analyses. TDGDMA possesses good polymerizability to produce a homopolymer resin with excellent transparency (T%, 90), moderate refractivity (nd20, 1.55), lower dispersivity (Abbe's number, 50.6) and higher glass transition temperature (Tg, 119°C). Through copolymerization with styrene (St) or styrene-4,4'-bismethacryloyloxydiphenylsulfone (BPSDMA), many properties of the copolymer such as refractive index, Abbe's number, strength, onset wavelength in the UV region and density were significantly modified. A copolymer resin with balanced properties between refractive index and dispersion was produced at the weight ratio of TDGDMA:St:BPSDMA (25:50:25), where nd20 and Abbe's number are 1.5815 and 36.5, respectively.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2 99740 2 5 ) and Zhejiang Provincial Nature Science Foundation(No.5 9910 0 ) State Key L aboratory of Silicon MaterialsL aboratory of Organnic Solids,Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Acade
文摘The title copolymer(PDEBO) was synthesized. The thermal characteristics of the polymer were determined by means of DSC and TGA, revealing that the polymer has a good thermal stability. The X-ray diffraction measurements of the thin films showed that the polymer is disorder. Electroluminescence(EL) in the green region of the spectrum with a maximum at 500 nm was observed from the polymer films sandwiched between indium-tin-oxide and an Al electrode.
文摘Copolymerization of carbon dioxide with epichlorohydrin was successfully carried out by usingNd(P_(204))_3-Al(i-Bu)_3 as catalyst (P_(204))=(RO)_2 POO--,R=CH_3 (CH_2),CH(C_2H_5) CH_2--). Addi-tion of carbonyl compounds into the catalyst decreased the carbon dioxide content of the copoly-mer to some extent. Compared to nonpolar solvents, ethereal and moderate polar solvents werefavourable to obtaining higher carbon dioxide content copolymer. The coincidence of these resultswith the assumed copolymerization scheme clearly indicated that the copolymerization proceeds via coordinate anionic mechanism.
基金This project is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50173022) and the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. 500048).
文摘Phase behavior and micellization of dextran-graft-poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) polymers in aqueous solution are investigated in this paper using DSC and AFM methods. It is found that with the increase of grafting (G%) of the copolymers the endothermic enthalpy during the phase transition increases significantly and the transition temperature decreases slightly. The phase transition behavior of the copolymers is scanning rate dependent. Micelles are formed whenever the solution temperature is raised above the LCST of the copolymers. It is proposed that by using this thermal responsive property of the copolymers, drugs could be incorporated into the micelles without employing any organic solvent.
文摘Poly(isoprene-b-butyl methacrylate) block copolymer with a high molecular weight was synthesized in the presence of rare earth coordination catalyst [RE(P 204 ) 3-Al( i Bu) 3 DBE]. The block copolymer was characterized by means of GPC,IR,DSC,NMR and elemental analysis. The block copolymer prepared has two glass transition temperatures: -75 6 ℃ and 32 2 ℃. The microstructure of the diblock copolymer possessed 96 8% cis 1,4 addition for the isoprene segment and a 70% syndiotacticity for the butyl methacrylate segment.
