Prosthodontics,deals in the restoration and replacement of missing and structurally compromised teeth,this field has been remarkably transformed in the last two decades.Through the integration of digital imaging and t...Prosthodontics,deals in the restoration and replacement of missing and structurally compromised teeth,this field has been remarkably transformed in the last two decades.Through the integration of digital imaging and threedimensional printing,prosthodontics has evolved to provide more durable,precise,and patient-centric outcome.However,as we stand at the convergence of technology and healthcare,a new era is emerging,one that holds immense promise for the field and that is artificial intelligence(AI).In this paper,we explored the fascinating challenges and prospects associated with the future of prosthodontics in the era of AI.展开更多
Osteoporosis(OP)is a prevalent metabolic bone disease.While drug therapy is essential to prevent bone loss in osteoporotic patients,current treatments are limited by side effects and high costs,necessitating the devel...Osteoporosis(OP)is a prevalent metabolic bone disease.While drug therapy is essential to prevent bone loss in osteoporotic patients,current treatments are limited by side effects and high costs,necessitating the development of more effective and safer targeted therapies.Utilizing a zebrafish(Danio rerio)larval model of osteoporosis,we explored the influence of the metabolite spermine on bone homeostasis.Results showed that spermine exhibited dual activity in osteoporotic zebrafish larvae by increasing bone formation and decreasing bone resorption.Spermine not only demonstrated excellent biosafety but also mitigated prednisolone-induced embryonic neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity.Notably,spermine showcased protective attributes in the nervous systems of both zebrafish embryos and larvae.At the molecular level,Rac1 was identified as playing a pivotal role in mediating the antiosteoporotic effects of spermine,with P53 potentially acting downstream of Rac1.These findings were confirmed using mouse(Mus musculus)models,in which spermine not only ameliorated osteoporosis but also promoted bone formation and mineralization under healthy conditions,suggesting strong potential as a bonestrengthening agent.This study underscores the beneficial role of spermine in osteoporotic bone homeostasis and skeletal system development,highlighting pivotal molecular mediators.Given their efficacy and safety,human endogenous metabolites like spermine are promising candidates for new anti-osteoporotic drug development and daily bone-fortifying agents.展开更多
Bone regeneration is a critical area in regenerative medicine,particularly in orthopedics,demanding effective biomedical materials for treating bone defects.45S5 bioactive glass(45S5 BG)is a promising material because...Bone regeneration is a critical area in regenerative medicine,particularly in orthopedics,demanding effective biomedical materials for treating bone defects.45S5 bioactive glass(45S5 BG)is a promising material because of its osteoconductive and bioactive properties.As research in this field continues to advance,keeping up-to-date on the latest and most successful applications of this material is imperative.To achieve this,we conducted a comprehensive search on Pub-Med/MEDLINE,focusing on English articles published in the last decade.Our search used the keywords“bioglass 45S5 AND bone defect”in combination.We found 27 articles,and after applying the inclusion criteria,we selected 15 studies for detailed examination.Most of these studies compared 45S5 BG with other cement or scaffold materials.These comparisons demonstrate that the addition of various composites enhances cellular biocompatibility,as evidenced by the cells and their osteogenic potential.Moreover,the use of 45S5 BG is enhanced by its antimicrobial properties,opening avenues for additional investigations and applications of this biomaterial.展开更多
Statement of Problem: Polyether ether ketone material is considered as an important thermoplastic material due to its properties. To obtain a high value stress and tougher hybrid PEEK during different dental applicati...Statement of Problem: Polyether ether ketone material is considered as an important thermoplastic material due to its properties. To obtain a high value stress and tougher hybrid PEEK during different dental applications. Purpose: In this study, it was aimed to improve some mechanical and physical properties of dental (polyether ether ketone) PEEK. Different mechanical properties will be measured at different time intervals after incubation in the Ringer solution. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 samples were produced (n) = 20 used for each test. 2 groups of different PEEK materials were used;extrusion PEEK and compression PEEK (PPE, PPC). All PEEK specimens will be tested after dry storage and then retested after incubation in Ringer’s solution for 1 day, 1 week and 3 weeks at 37®C. Four different mechanical tests were performed for each PEEK sample;Compression, Bending, tensile, and hardness tests will be applied. ANOVA and post-hoc tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The results of mechanical strength tests including compression, tensile, bending and hardness tests on PEEK (PPE, PPC) showed higher strength values. Incubation with Ringer’s solution at different time intervals affected only the one-week and three-week incubation time values for the entire PEEK sample type. Pure PEEK compression groups (PPC) show higher mechanical stress degrees than other pure PEEK extrusion groups (PPE) while the Stress and strain values showed no significant difference between the two pure PEEK groups (P-value > 0.05). Mechanical tests showed different results between different PEEK samples at different time storage intervals. Conclusion: The measuring parameters (pressure stress, bending stress, tensile stress and hardness value) varied across the study groups (PPE, PPC) and across the four storage conditions/times (dry condition and one day, one week and three weeks in Ringer solution) within the same group.展开更多
BACKGROUND Digital intraoral scanning,although developing rapidly,is rarely used in occlusal reconstruction.To compensate for the technical drawbacks of current occlusal reconstruction techniques,such as time consumpt...BACKGROUND Digital intraoral scanning,although developing rapidly,is rarely used in occlusal reconstruction.To compensate for the technical drawbacks of current occlusal reconstruction techniques,such as time consumption and high technical requirements,digital intraoral scanning can be used in clinics.This report aims to provide a way of selecting the most suitable maxillo-mandibular relationship(MMR)during recovery.CASE SUMMARY A 68-year-old man with severely worn posterior teeth underwent occlusal reconstruction with fixed prosthesis using digital intraoral scanning.A series of digital models in different stages of treatment were obtained,subsequently compared,and selected using digital intraoral scanning together with traditional measurements,such as cone beam computed tomography,joint imaging,and clinical examination.Using digital intraoral scanning,the MMR in different stages of treatment was accurately recorded,which provided feasibility for deciding the best occlusal reconstruction treatment,made the treatment process easier,and improved patient satisfaction.CONCLUSION This case report highlights the clarity,recordability,repeatability,and selectivity of digital intraoral scanning to replicate and transfer the MMR during occlusal reconstruction,expanding new perspectives for its design,fabrication,and postoperative evaluation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Subcutaneous emphysema is a well-known complication of oral surgery,especially during mandibular wisdom tooth extraction.However,subcutaneous emphysema secondary to dental procedures such as crown preparati...BACKGROUND Subcutaneous emphysema is a well-known complication of oral surgery,especially during mandibular wisdom tooth extraction.However,subcutaneous emphysema secondary to dental procedures such as crown preparation is rare.The main symptom of emphysema is swelling and crepitus on palpation.Uncontrolled emphysema may spread along the fascial planes and cause deep space infections or a pneumomediastinum.CASE SUMMARY In this paper,we report a 34-year-old female who underwent upper molar tooth preparation for crowns and subsequently developed extensive subcutaneous emphysema on the retromandibular angle on two different occasions.The treatment plan for this patient involved close observation of the airway,and administration of dexamethasone and antibiotics via intravenous drip or orally.Ice bag compression was quickly applied and medication was prescribed to alleviate discomfort and promote healing.Although the main reason is unclear,the presence of a fissure in the molar is an important clue which may contribute to the development of subcutaneous emphysema during crown preparation.It is imperative for dental professionals to recognize such pre-disposing factors in order to minimize the risk of complications.CONCLUSION This case highlights the need for prompt diagnosis and management of subcutaneous emphysema because of the risk of much more serious complications.Awareness of relatively“benign”subcutaneous emphysema during any dental procedure is critical not only for inexperienced dentists,but also for those who work in rural and remote settings as members of surgical teams.In this study,we review the clinical presentation,mechanism,and differential diagnosis of subcutaneous emphysema.展开更多
Since April 2004, the Asahi University Medical and Dental Center (hereinafter referred to as our center) has been providing oral appliances (hereinafter referred to as OA) to treat patients diagnosed with obstructive ...Since April 2004, the Asahi University Medical and Dental Center (hereinafter referred to as our center) has been providing oral appliances (hereinafter referred to as OA) to treat patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea. The effects of using the OA and progress of 71 patients who received treatment at our center by wearing OA from March 2005 to the end of March 2016 were examined through questionnaires sent by physical mail. In 21 of 24 patients who underwent polysomnography after wearing OA, the apnea-hypopnea index (hereinafter referred to as AHI) significantly decreased after wearing OA (9.44 ± 10.37) compared to that before wearing OA (24.02 ± 13.57) (p = 8.7 × 10<sup>-8</sup>). The results showed that for patients who continuously use OA, it is necessary to have sound sleep/sleep soundly;further, the patients experienced a decrease in snoring when wearing OA, with only a few side effects on the temporomandibular joints and teeth. In addition, the closer the distance from the plane of the lower margin of the mandible to the hyoid bone after wearing OA, the more likely it was for the AHI to decrease, which suggests that wearing OA contributes to the prediction of therapeutic effects.展开更多
Advances in metal-free materials and the popularization of Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) have led to the wide clinical use of all-ceramic crowns for esthetic restorations. A 72-year-old woman prese...Advances in metal-free materials and the popularization of Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) have led to the wide clinical use of all-ceramic crowns for esthetic restorations. A 72-year-old woman presented to our hospital with unesthetic restorations on the right upper and lower posterior teeth. Intraoral examination revealed poorly fitting metal crown margins. Defective prostheses were removed, and provisional restorations were provided to stabilize the mandibular position. Optical impressions and the maxillomandibular relationship were recorded using an intraoral scanner, and monolithic zirconia crowns were fabricated using CAD/CAM technology for complete veneer crown restorative treatment. Occlusal examination revealed an improvement in occlusal force distribution at initial examination (right side: 33.5%, left side: 66.5%) after placement of the zirconia crowns (right side: 54.9%, left side: 45.1%). Occlusal force and occlusal force distribution area also showed an increasing trend. The Oral Health Impact Profile short form (OHIP-14) score decreased from 7 points at initial examination to 0 points after prosthodontic treatment. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment planning contributed to the increased occlusal force and balanced occlusal force distribution. Therefore, the present case indicates the potential of monolithic zirconia crowns to achieve both esthetic and stable functional outcomes.展开更多
Background: Regular breast self-examination (BSE) has been known to effectively detect breast cancer occurrence early. Are Women who consider BSE effective in detecting breast cancer more likely to be aware of BSE, or...Background: Regular breast self-examination (BSE) has been known to effectively detect breast cancer occurrence early. Are Women who consider BSE effective in detecting breast cancer more likely to be aware of BSE, or vice versa? The present study was an attempt to answer this question. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed for 259 female University students in Kampala, Uganda. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Univariate and bivariate analyses were carried out. Results: The majority (64.1%) were aware of the BSE technique. Women considering BSE to be effective for early cancer detection were significantly more likely to be aware of the BSE technique. Conclusions: University students who believed in the benefits of BSE were more likely to be aware of BSE than those who did not. More emphasis should be placed on health education for women of younger ages to increase the knowledge of the practice of BSE.展开更多
Statement of Problem: Polyether ether ketone material is considered as an important thermoplastic material due to its properties. To obtain a high value stress and tougher hybrid PEEK during different dental applicati...Statement of Problem: Polyether ether ketone material is considered as an important thermoplastic material due to its properties. To obtain a high value stress and tougher hybrid PEEK during different dental applications. Purpose: In this study, it was aimed to improve some mechanical and physical properties of dental (polyether ether ketone) PEEK. Different mechanical properties will be measured at different time intervals after incubation in the Ringer solution. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 samples were produced (n) = 20 used for each test. 2 groups of different PEEK materials were used;extrusion PEEK and compression PEEK (PPE, PPC). All PEEK specimens will be tested after dry storage and then retested after incubation in Ringer’s solution for 1 day, 1 week and 3 weeks at 37®C. Four different mechanical tests were performed for each PEEK sample;Compression, Bending, tensile, and hardness tests will be applied. ANOVA and post-hoc tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The results of mechanical strength tests including compression, tensile, bending and hardness tests on PEEK (PPE, PPC) showed higher strength values. Incubation with Ringer’s solution at different time intervals affected only the one-week and three-week incubation time values for the entire PEEK sample type. Pure PEEK compression groups (PPC) show higher mechanical stress degrees than other pure PEEK extrusion groups (PPE) while the Stress and strain values showed no significant difference between the two pure PEEK groups (P-value > 0.05). Mechanical tests showed different results between different PEEK samples at different time storage intervals. Conclusion: The measuring parameters (pressure stress, bending stress, tensile stress and hardness value) varied across the study groups (PPE, PPC) and across the four storage conditions/times (dry condition and one day, one week and three weeks in Ringer solution) within the same group.展开更多
Regenerative medicine progress is based on the development of cell and tissue bioengineering. One of the aims of tissue engineering is the development of scaffolds, which should substitute the functions of the replace...Regenerative medicine progress is based on the development of cell and tissue bioengineering. One of the aims of tissue engineering is the development of scaffolds, which should substitute the functions of the replaced organ after their implantation into the body. The tissue engineering material must meet a range of requirements, including biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and elasticity. Furthermore, the materials have to be attractive for cell growth: stimulate cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation. One of the natural biomaterials is silk and its component (silk fibroin). An increasing number of scientists in the world are studying silk and silk fibroin. The purpose of this review article is to provide information about the properties of natural silk (silk fibroin), as well as its manufacture and clinical application of each configuration of silk fibroin in medicine. Materials and research methods. Actual publications of foreign authors on resources PubMed, Medline, E-library have been analyzed. The selection criteria were materials containing information about the structure and components of silk, methods of its production in nature. This article placed strong emphasis on silk fibroin, the ways of artificial modification of it for use in various sphere of medicine.展开更多
To investigate whether masticatory fatigue affects the fracture resistance and pattern of lower premolars restored with quartz-fiber post-core and full crown, 44 single rooted lower premolars recently extracted from o...To investigate whether masticatory fatigue affects the fracture resistance and pattern of lower premolars restored with quartz-fiber post-core and full crown, 44 single rooted lower premolars recently extracted from orthodontic patients were divided into two groups of 22 each. The crowns of all teeth were removed and endodontically treated and then restored with quartz-fiber post-core and full crown. Twenty-two teeth in one group were selected randomly and circularly loaded at 45 6 to the long axis of the teeth of 127.4 N at a 6 Hz frequency, and the other group was not delivered to cyclic loading and considered as control. Subsequently, all teeth in two groups were continually loaded to fail at 45 6 to the long axis of the teeth at a crosshead speed of 1 mm?min 21 . The mean destructive force values were (733.886254.99) and (869.146280.26) N for the experimental and the control group, respectively, and no statistically significant differences were found between two groups (P .0.05). Bevel fracture and horizontal fracture in the neck of root were the major fracture mode of the specimens. Under the circumstances of this study, it seems that cyclic loading does not affect the fracture strength and pattern of the quartz-fiber post-core-crown complex.展开更多
Our previous studies showed that biomodification of demineralized dentin collagen with proanthocyanidin(PA) for a clinically practical duration improves the mechanical properties of the dentin matrix and the immediate...Our previous studies showed that biomodification of demineralized dentin collagen with proanthocyanidin(PA) for a clinically practical duration improves the mechanical properties of the dentin matrix and the immediate resin–dentin bond strength. The present study sought to evaluate the ability of PA biomodification to reduce collagenase-induced biodegradation of demineralized dentin matrix and dentin/adhesive interfaces in a clinically relevant manner. The effects of collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity on PA-biomodified demineralized dentin matrix were analysed by hydroxyproline assay and gelatin zymography. Then, resin-/dentin-bonded specimens were prepared and challenged with bacterial collagenases. Dentin treated with 2% chlorhexidine and untreated dentin were used as a positive and negative control, respectively. Collagen biodegradation, the microtensile bond strengths of bonded specimens and the micromorphologies of the fractured interfaces were assessed. The results revealed that both collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity on demineralized dentin were notably inhibited in the PA-biomodified groups, irrespective of PA concentration and biomodification duration. When challenged with exogenous collagenases, PA-biomodified bonded specimens exhibited significantly less biodegradation and maintained higher bond strengths than the untreated control. These results suggest that PA biomodification was effective at inhibiting proteolytic activity on demineralized dentin matrix and at stabilizing the adhesive/dentin interface against enzymatic degradation, is a new concept that has the potential to improve bonding durability.展开更多
Dentin matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of host-derived proteolytic enzymes trapped within mineralized dentin matrix, which have the ability to hydrolyze the organic matrix of demineralized dentin. After ...Dentin matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of host-derived proteolytic enzymes trapped within mineralized dentin matrix, which have the ability to hydrolyze the organic matrix of demineralized dentin. After bonding with resins to dentin there are usually some exposed collagen fibrils at the bottom of the hybrid layer owing to imperfect resin impregnation of the demineralized dentin matrix. Exposed collagen fibrils might be affected by MMPs inducing hydrolytic degradation, which might result inreduced bond strength. Most MMPs are synthesized and released from odontoblasts in the form of proenzymes, requiring activation to degrade extracellular matrix components. Unfortunately, they can be activated by modern self-etch and etch-and-rinse adhesives. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the role of dentinal host-derived MMPs in dentin matrix degradation. We also discuss various available MMP inhibitors, especially chlorhexidine, and suggest that they could provide a potential pathway for inhibiting collagen degradation in bonding interfaces thereby increasing dentin bonding durability.展开更多
Bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs) have multiple roles in skeletal development, homeostasis and regeneration. BMPs signal via type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors(BMPRI and BMPRII). In recent decades, g...Bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs) have multiple roles in skeletal development, homeostasis and regeneration. BMPs signal via type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors(BMPRI and BMPRII). In recent decades, genetic studies in humans and mice have demonstrated that perturbations in BMP signaling via BMPRI resulted in various diseases in bone, cartilage, and muscles. In this review, we focus on all three types of BMPRI, which consist of activin-like kinase 2(ALK2, also called type IA activin receptor), activinlike kinase 3(ALK3, also called BMPRIA), and activin-like kinase 6(ALK6, also called BMPRIB). The research areas covered include the current progress regarding the roles of these receptors during myogenesis,chondrogenesis, and osteogenesis. Understanding the physiological and pathological functions of these receptors at the cellular and molecular levels will advance drug development and tissue regeneration for treating musculoskeletal diseases and bone defects in the future.展开更多
AIM: To investigate DNA ploidy and expression of MMP-9,TIMP-2, and E-cadherin in gastric carcinoma and to explore the mechanism of invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.METHODS: Immunohistochemical methods were...AIM: To investigate DNA ploidy and expression of MMP-9,TIMP-2, and E-cadherin in gastric carcinoma and to explore the mechanism of invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.METHODS: Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expressions of MMP-9, TIMP-2, and E-cadherin in 156 cases, including 99 cases of gastric carcinoma, 16cases of adjacent noncancerous mucosa, 16 cases of distant metastases and 25 cases of metastatic lymph node (LN) from gastric carcinoma. Flow cytometry DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction (SPF) analysis were performed on 57 cases, including 47 cases of gastric cancer, 6 cases of adjacent noncancerous mucosa, and 4 cases of distant metastatic cancer.RESULTS: The expression of MMP-9 was significantly correlated with Lauren's classification, Borrmann's classification, LN metastasis, tumor metastasis, and TNM stage, as well as depth of invasion (all P＜0.05). The positive rate was lower in noncarcinoma than in carcinoma (31.3% vs 66.7%, P＜0.01). The expression of TIMP-2was significantly correlated with Borrmann's classification,LN metastasis, and the depth of invasion (all P＜0.05).The expression of E-cadherin was significantly correlated with differentiation, Lauren's classification, Borrmann's classification, and LN metastasis, as well as the depth of invasion (P＜0.01 or ,P＜0.05). E-cadherin was less expressed in carcinoma than in noncarcinoma (42.4% vs 87.5%,P＜0.01). There was a positive correlation between MMP-9and TIMP-2 and a negative correlation between MMP-9and E-cadherin, but no correlation between TIMP-2 and E-cadherin. Also there was a positive correlation between DNA aneuploid rate and differentiation and LN metastasis.SPF that was higher than 15% was positively correlated with tumor size, differentiation and LN metastasis. And there was a significant difference between carcinoma and noncarcinoma in DNA aneuploid rate and SPF.CONCLUSION: With tumor progression and development of heterogeneity, the abnormal expressions of MMP-9,TIMP-2, and E-cadherin or DNA aneuploid rate or high SPF gradually increases, suggesting that they play a crucial role in gastric carcinoma progression.展开更多
Improvement of the bonding strength and durability between the dentin surface and the composite resin is a challenging job in dentistry. In this paper, a radio-frequency atmosphericpressure glow discharge(RF-APGD) pla...Improvement of the bonding strength and durability between the dentin surface and the composite resin is a challenging job in dentistry. In this paper, a radio-frequency atmosphericpressure glow discharge(RF-APGD) plasma jet is employed for the treatment of the acid-etched dentin surfaces used for the composite restoration. The properties of the plasma treated dentin surfaces and the resin–dentin interfaces are analyzed using the x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, contact angle goniometer, scanning electron microscope and microtensile tester.The experimental results show that, due to the abundant chemically reactive species existing in the RF-APGD plasma jet under a stable and low energy input operating mode, the contact angle of the plasma-treated dentin surfaces decreases to a stable level with the increase of the atomic percentage of oxygen in the specimens; the formation of the long resin tags in the scattered clusters and the hybrid layers at the resin–dentin interfaces significantly improve the bonding strength and durability. These results indicate that the RF-APGD plasma jet is an effective tool for modifying the chemical properties of the dentin surfaces, and for improving the immediate bonding strength and the durability of the resin-dentin bonding in dentistry.展开更多
Aim To determine the effect of local simvastatin application on the mRNA expression level of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in...Aim To determine the effect of local simvastatin application on the mRNA expression level of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in the tooth sockets of rat. Methodology Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups(n=24). Polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer carriers,with or without simvastatin,were implanted into extraction sockets of right mandibular incisors.The expression of TGF-β1,BMP-2 and VEGF mRNA was determined by in situ hybridization in the tooth extraction socket at five days,one week,two weeks and four weeks after implantation. Results The fusiform stroma cells in the tooth extraction socket began to express TGF-β1,BMP-2 and VEGF mRNA in both experimental and control groups from one week after tooth extraction until the end of experiment.The expression of TGF-β1 and BMP-2 mRNA in the experimental group was significantly up-regulated after one,two and four weeks,and expression of VEGF mRNA was significantly increased after one and two weeks compared with that in the control group. Conclusion The findings indicate that local administration of simvastatin can influence alveolar bone remodeling by regulating the expression of a school of growth factors which are crucial to osteogenesis in the tooth extraction socket.展开更多
Bone tissue engineering has emerged as a promising alternative therapy for patients who suffer bone fractures or defects caused by trauma,congenital diseases or tumours.However,the reconstruction of bone defects combi...Bone tissue engineering has emerged as a promising alternative therapy for patients who suffer bone fractures or defects caused by trauma,congenital diseases or tumours.However,the reconstruction of bone defects combined with osteoporosis remains a great challenge for clinicians and researchers.Based on our previous study,Ca–Si-based bioceramics(MSCs)showed enhanced bone formation capabilities under normal conditions,and strontium was demonstrated to be therapeutic in promoting bone quality in osteoporosis patients.Therefore,in the present study,we attempted to enlarge the application range of MSCs with Sr incorporation in an osteoporotic bone regeneration model to evaluate whether Sr could assist in regeneration outcomes.In vitro readout suggested that Sr-incorporated MSC scaffolds could enhance the expression level of osteogenic and angiogenic markers of osteoporotic bone mesenchymal stem cells(OVX BMSCs).Animal experiments showed a larger new bone area;in particular,there was a tendency for blood vessel formation to be enhanced in the Sr-MSC scaffold group,showing its positive osteogenic capacity in bone regeneration.This study systematically illustrated the effective delivery of a low-cost therapeutic Sr agent in an osteoporotic model and provided new insight into the treatment of bone defects in osteoporosis patients.展开更多
Effective control of oral biofilm infectious diseases represents a major global challenge.Microorganisms in biofilms exhibit increased drug tolerance compared with planktonic cells.The present review covers innovative...Effective control of oral biofilm infectious diseases represents a major global challenge.Microorganisms in biofilms exhibit increased drug tolerance compared with planktonic cells.The present review covers innovative antimicrobial strategies for controlling oral biofilm-related infections published predominantly over the past 5 years.Antimicrobial dental materials based on antimicrobial agent release,contact-killing and multi-functional strategies have been designed and synthesized for the prevention of initial bacterial attachment and subsequent biofilm formation on the tooth and material surface.Among the therapeutic approaches for managing biofilms in clinical practice,antimicrobial photodynamic therapy has emerged as an alternative to antimicrobial regimes and mechanical removal of biofilms,and cold atmospheric plasma shows significant advantages over conventional antimicrobial approaches.Nevertheless,more preclinical studies and appropriately designed and well-structured multi-center clinical trials are critically needed to obtain reliable comparative data.The acquired information will be helpful in identifying the most effective antibacterial solutions and the most optimal circumstances to utilize these strategies.展开更多
文摘Prosthodontics,deals in the restoration and replacement of missing and structurally compromised teeth,this field has been remarkably transformed in the last two decades.Through the integration of digital imaging and threedimensional printing,prosthodontics has evolved to provide more durable,precise,and patient-centric outcome.However,as we stand at the convergence of technology and healthcare,a new era is emerging,one that holds immense promise for the field and that is artificial intelligence(AI).In this paper,we explored the fascinating challenges and prospects associated with the future of prosthodontics in the era of AI.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81921002,81900970,82130027)Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai (SHSMUZLCX20212400)+1 种基金Young Physician Innovation Team Project (QC202003)of Ninth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai“Rising Stars of Medical Talent”Youth Development Program is also acknowledged。
文摘Osteoporosis(OP)is a prevalent metabolic bone disease.While drug therapy is essential to prevent bone loss in osteoporotic patients,current treatments are limited by side effects and high costs,necessitating the development of more effective and safer targeted therapies.Utilizing a zebrafish(Danio rerio)larval model of osteoporosis,we explored the influence of the metabolite spermine on bone homeostasis.Results showed that spermine exhibited dual activity in osteoporotic zebrafish larvae by increasing bone formation and decreasing bone resorption.Spermine not only demonstrated excellent biosafety but also mitigated prednisolone-induced embryonic neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity.Notably,spermine showcased protective attributes in the nervous systems of both zebrafish embryos and larvae.At the molecular level,Rac1 was identified as playing a pivotal role in mediating the antiosteoporotic effects of spermine,with P53 potentially acting downstream of Rac1.These findings were confirmed using mouse(Mus musculus)models,in which spermine not only ameliorated osteoporosis but also promoted bone formation and mineralization under healthy conditions,suggesting strong potential as a bonestrengthening agent.This study underscores the beneficial role of spermine in osteoporotic bone homeostasis and skeletal system development,highlighting pivotal molecular mediators.Given their efficacy and safety,human endogenous metabolites like spermine are promising candidates for new anti-osteoporotic drug development and daily bone-fortifying agents.
文摘Bone regeneration is a critical area in regenerative medicine,particularly in orthopedics,demanding effective biomedical materials for treating bone defects.45S5 bioactive glass(45S5 BG)is a promising material because of its osteoconductive and bioactive properties.As research in this field continues to advance,keeping up-to-date on the latest and most successful applications of this material is imperative.To achieve this,we conducted a comprehensive search on Pub-Med/MEDLINE,focusing on English articles published in the last decade.Our search used the keywords“bioglass 45S5 AND bone defect”in combination.We found 27 articles,and after applying the inclusion criteria,we selected 15 studies for detailed examination.Most of these studies compared 45S5 BG with other cement or scaffold materials.These comparisons demonstrate that the addition of various composites enhances cellular biocompatibility,as evidenced by the cells and their osteogenic potential.Moreover,the use of 45S5 BG is enhanced by its antimicrobial properties,opening avenues for additional investigations and applications of this biomaterial.
文摘Statement of Problem: Polyether ether ketone material is considered as an important thermoplastic material due to its properties. To obtain a high value stress and tougher hybrid PEEK during different dental applications. Purpose: In this study, it was aimed to improve some mechanical and physical properties of dental (polyether ether ketone) PEEK. Different mechanical properties will be measured at different time intervals after incubation in the Ringer solution. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 samples were produced (n) = 20 used for each test. 2 groups of different PEEK materials were used;extrusion PEEK and compression PEEK (PPE, PPC). All PEEK specimens will be tested after dry storage and then retested after incubation in Ringer’s solution for 1 day, 1 week and 3 weeks at 37®C. Four different mechanical tests were performed for each PEEK sample;Compression, Bending, tensile, and hardness tests will be applied. ANOVA and post-hoc tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The results of mechanical strength tests including compression, tensile, bending and hardness tests on PEEK (PPE, PPC) showed higher strength values. Incubation with Ringer’s solution at different time intervals affected only the one-week and three-week incubation time values for the entire PEEK sample type. Pure PEEK compression groups (PPC) show higher mechanical stress degrees than other pure PEEK extrusion groups (PPE) while the Stress and strain values showed no significant difference between the two pure PEEK groups (P-value > 0.05). Mechanical tests showed different results between different PEEK samples at different time storage intervals. Conclusion: The measuring parameters (pressure stress, bending stress, tensile stress and hardness value) varied across the study groups (PPE, PPC) and across the four storage conditions/times (dry condition and one day, one week and three weeks in Ringer solution) within the same group.
文摘BACKGROUND Digital intraoral scanning,although developing rapidly,is rarely used in occlusal reconstruction.To compensate for the technical drawbacks of current occlusal reconstruction techniques,such as time consumption and high technical requirements,digital intraoral scanning can be used in clinics.This report aims to provide a way of selecting the most suitable maxillo-mandibular relationship(MMR)during recovery.CASE SUMMARY A 68-year-old man with severely worn posterior teeth underwent occlusal reconstruction with fixed prosthesis using digital intraoral scanning.A series of digital models in different stages of treatment were obtained,subsequently compared,and selected using digital intraoral scanning together with traditional measurements,such as cone beam computed tomography,joint imaging,and clinical examination.Using digital intraoral scanning,the MMR in different stages of treatment was accurately recorded,which provided feasibility for deciding the best occlusal reconstruction treatment,made the treatment process easier,and improved patient satisfaction.CONCLUSION This case report highlights the clarity,recordability,repeatability,and selectivity of digital intraoral scanning to replicate and transfer the MMR during occlusal reconstruction,expanding new perspectives for its design,fabrication,and postoperative evaluation.
基金Supported by Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,No.JCYJ20220530165409022.
文摘BACKGROUND Subcutaneous emphysema is a well-known complication of oral surgery,especially during mandibular wisdom tooth extraction.However,subcutaneous emphysema secondary to dental procedures such as crown preparation is rare.The main symptom of emphysema is swelling and crepitus on palpation.Uncontrolled emphysema may spread along the fascial planes and cause deep space infections or a pneumomediastinum.CASE SUMMARY In this paper,we report a 34-year-old female who underwent upper molar tooth preparation for crowns and subsequently developed extensive subcutaneous emphysema on the retromandibular angle on two different occasions.The treatment plan for this patient involved close observation of the airway,and administration of dexamethasone and antibiotics via intravenous drip or orally.Ice bag compression was quickly applied and medication was prescribed to alleviate discomfort and promote healing.Although the main reason is unclear,the presence of a fissure in the molar is an important clue which may contribute to the development of subcutaneous emphysema during crown preparation.It is imperative for dental professionals to recognize such pre-disposing factors in order to minimize the risk of complications.CONCLUSION This case highlights the need for prompt diagnosis and management of subcutaneous emphysema because of the risk of much more serious complications.Awareness of relatively“benign”subcutaneous emphysema during any dental procedure is critical not only for inexperienced dentists,but also for those who work in rural and remote settings as members of surgical teams.In this study,we review the clinical presentation,mechanism,and differential diagnosis of subcutaneous emphysema.
文摘Since April 2004, the Asahi University Medical and Dental Center (hereinafter referred to as our center) has been providing oral appliances (hereinafter referred to as OA) to treat patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea. The effects of using the OA and progress of 71 patients who received treatment at our center by wearing OA from March 2005 to the end of March 2016 were examined through questionnaires sent by physical mail. In 21 of 24 patients who underwent polysomnography after wearing OA, the apnea-hypopnea index (hereinafter referred to as AHI) significantly decreased after wearing OA (9.44 ± 10.37) compared to that before wearing OA (24.02 ± 13.57) (p = 8.7 × 10<sup>-8</sup>). The results showed that for patients who continuously use OA, it is necessary to have sound sleep/sleep soundly;further, the patients experienced a decrease in snoring when wearing OA, with only a few side effects on the temporomandibular joints and teeth. In addition, the closer the distance from the plane of the lower margin of the mandible to the hyoid bone after wearing OA, the more likely it was for the AHI to decrease, which suggests that wearing OA contributes to the prediction of therapeutic effects.
文摘Advances in metal-free materials and the popularization of Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) have led to the wide clinical use of all-ceramic crowns for esthetic restorations. A 72-year-old woman presented to our hospital with unesthetic restorations on the right upper and lower posterior teeth. Intraoral examination revealed poorly fitting metal crown margins. Defective prostheses were removed, and provisional restorations were provided to stabilize the mandibular position. Optical impressions and the maxillomandibular relationship were recorded using an intraoral scanner, and monolithic zirconia crowns were fabricated using CAD/CAM technology for complete veneer crown restorative treatment. Occlusal examination revealed an improvement in occlusal force distribution at initial examination (right side: 33.5%, left side: 66.5%) after placement of the zirconia crowns (right side: 54.9%, left side: 45.1%). Occlusal force and occlusal force distribution area also showed an increasing trend. The Oral Health Impact Profile short form (OHIP-14) score decreased from 7 points at initial examination to 0 points after prosthodontic treatment. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment planning contributed to the increased occlusal force and balanced occlusal force distribution. Therefore, the present case indicates the potential of monolithic zirconia crowns to achieve both esthetic and stable functional outcomes.
文摘Background: Regular breast self-examination (BSE) has been known to effectively detect breast cancer occurrence early. Are Women who consider BSE effective in detecting breast cancer more likely to be aware of BSE, or vice versa? The present study was an attempt to answer this question. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed for 259 female University students in Kampala, Uganda. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Univariate and bivariate analyses were carried out. Results: The majority (64.1%) were aware of the BSE technique. Women considering BSE to be effective for early cancer detection were significantly more likely to be aware of the BSE technique. Conclusions: University students who believed in the benefits of BSE were more likely to be aware of BSE than those who did not. More emphasis should be placed on health education for women of younger ages to increase the knowledge of the practice of BSE.
文摘Statement of Problem: Polyether ether ketone material is considered as an important thermoplastic material due to its properties. To obtain a high value stress and tougher hybrid PEEK during different dental applications. Purpose: In this study, it was aimed to improve some mechanical and physical properties of dental (polyether ether ketone) PEEK. Different mechanical properties will be measured at different time intervals after incubation in the Ringer solution. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 samples were produced (n) = 20 used for each test. 2 groups of different PEEK materials were used;extrusion PEEK and compression PEEK (PPE, PPC). All PEEK specimens will be tested after dry storage and then retested after incubation in Ringer’s solution for 1 day, 1 week and 3 weeks at 37®C. Four different mechanical tests were performed for each PEEK sample;Compression, Bending, tensile, and hardness tests will be applied. ANOVA and post-hoc tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The results of mechanical strength tests including compression, tensile, bending and hardness tests on PEEK (PPE, PPC) showed higher strength values. Incubation with Ringer’s solution at different time intervals affected only the one-week and three-week incubation time values for the entire PEEK sample type. Pure PEEK compression groups (PPC) show higher mechanical stress degrees than other pure PEEK extrusion groups (PPE) while the Stress and strain values showed no significant difference between the two pure PEEK groups (P-value > 0.05). Mechanical tests showed different results between different PEEK samples at different time storage intervals. Conclusion: The measuring parameters (pressure stress, bending stress, tensile stress and hardness value) varied across the study groups (PPE, PPC) and across the four storage conditions/times (dry condition and one day, one week and three weeks in Ringer solution) within the same group.
文摘Regenerative medicine progress is based on the development of cell and tissue bioengineering. One of the aims of tissue engineering is the development of scaffolds, which should substitute the functions of the replaced organ after their implantation into the body. The tissue engineering material must meet a range of requirements, including biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and elasticity. Furthermore, the materials have to be attractive for cell growth: stimulate cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation. One of the natural biomaterials is silk and its component (silk fibroin). An increasing number of scientists in the world are studying silk and silk fibroin. The purpose of this review article is to provide information about the properties of natural silk (silk fibroin), as well as its manufacture and clinical application of each configuration of silk fibroin in medicine. Materials and research methods. Actual publications of foreign authors on resources PubMed, Medline, E-library have been analyzed. The selection criteria were materials containing information about the structure and components of silk, methods of its production in nature. This article placed strong emphasis on silk fibroin, the ways of artificial modification of it for use in various sphere of medicine.
基金supported by the Guangdong Province Science and Technology Commission (2008B080703019, 2011B080701010 and 2011B080701086)
文摘To investigate whether masticatory fatigue affects the fracture resistance and pattern of lower premolars restored with quartz-fiber post-core and full crown, 44 single rooted lower premolars recently extracted from orthodontic patients were divided into two groups of 22 each. The crowns of all teeth were removed and endodontically treated and then restored with quartz-fiber post-core and full crown. Twenty-two teeth in one group were selected randomly and circularly loaded at 45 6 to the long axis of the teeth of 127.4 N at a 6 Hz frequency, and the other group was not delivered to cyclic loading and considered as control. Subsequently, all teeth in two groups were continually loaded to fail at 45 6 to the long axis of the teeth at a crosshead speed of 1 mm?min 21 . The mean destructive force values were (733.886254.99) and (869.146280.26) N for the experimental and the control group, respectively, and no statistically significant differences were found between two groups (P .0.05). Bevel fracture and horizontal fracture in the neck of root were the major fracture mode of the specimens. Under the circumstances of this study, it seems that cyclic loading does not affect the fracture strength and pattern of the quartz-fiber post-core-crown complex.
基金supported by research funds from the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81130078 and No. 81000458)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (No. IRT13051)
文摘Our previous studies showed that biomodification of demineralized dentin collagen with proanthocyanidin(PA) for a clinically practical duration improves the mechanical properties of the dentin matrix and the immediate resin–dentin bond strength. The present study sought to evaluate the ability of PA biomodification to reduce collagenase-induced biodegradation of demineralized dentin matrix and dentin/adhesive interfaces in a clinically relevant manner. The effects of collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity on PA-biomodified demineralized dentin matrix were analysed by hydroxyproline assay and gelatin zymography. Then, resin-/dentin-bonded specimens were prepared and challenged with bacterial collagenases. Dentin treated with 2% chlorhexidine and untreated dentin were used as a positive and negative control, respectively. Collagen biodegradation, the microtensile bond strengths of bonded specimens and the micromorphologies of the fractured interfaces were assessed. The results revealed that both collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity on demineralized dentin were notably inhibited in the PA-biomodified groups, irrespective of PA concentration and biomodification duration. When challenged with exogenous collagenases, PA-biomodified bonded specimens exhibited significantly less biodegradation and maintained higher bond strengths than the untreated control. These results suggest that PA biomodification was effective at inhibiting proteolytic activity on demineralized dentin matrix and at stabilizing the adhesive/dentin interface against enzymatic degradation, is a new concept that has the potential to improve bonding durability.
文摘Dentin matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of host-derived proteolytic enzymes trapped within mineralized dentin matrix, which have the ability to hydrolyze the organic matrix of demineralized dentin. After bonding with resins to dentin there are usually some exposed collagen fibrils at the bottom of the hybrid layer owing to imperfect resin impregnation of the demineralized dentin matrix. Exposed collagen fibrils might be affected by MMPs inducing hydrolytic degradation, which might result inreduced bond strength. Most MMPs are synthesized and released from odontoblasts in the form of proenzymes, requiring activation to degrade extracellular matrix components. Unfortunately, they can be activated by modern self-etch and etch-and-rinse adhesives. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the role of dentinal host-derived MMPs in dentin matrix degradation. We also discuss various available MMP inhibitors, especially chlorhexidine, and suggest that they could provide a potential pathway for inhibiting collagen degradation in bonding interfaces thereby increasing dentin bonding durability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81500814) (SXL)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81430012 and No. 81170939) (XJ)+2 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2012CB933604)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (No. 81225006)the National Institutes of Health Grants DE025014 and R56DE022789 (JQF)
文摘Bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs) have multiple roles in skeletal development, homeostasis and regeneration. BMPs signal via type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors(BMPRI and BMPRII). In recent decades, genetic studies in humans and mice have demonstrated that perturbations in BMP signaling via BMPRI resulted in various diseases in bone, cartilage, and muscles. In this review, we focus on all three types of BMPRI, which consist of activin-like kinase 2(ALK2, also called type IA activin receptor), activinlike kinase 3(ALK3, also called BMPRIA), and activin-like kinase 6(ALK6, also called BMPRIB). The research areas covered include the current progress regarding the roles of these receptors during myogenesis,chondrogenesis, and osteogenesis. Understanding the physiological and pathological functions of these receptors at the cellular and molecular levels will advance drug development and tissue regeneration for treating musculoskeletal diseases and bone defects in the future.
基金Supported by the Bureau of Education of Shandong Province, No. 03K02
文摘AIM: To investigate DNA ploidy and expression of MMP-9,TIMP-2, and E-cadherin in gastric carcinoma and to explore the mechanism of invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.METHODS: Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expressions of MMP-9, TIMP-2, and E-cadherin in 156 cases, including 99 cases of gastric carcinoma, 16cases of adjacent noncancerous mucosa, 16 cases of distant metastases and 25 cases of metastatic lymph node (LN) from gastric carcinoma. Flow cytometry DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction (SPF) analysis were performed on 57 cases, including 47 cases of gastric cancer, 6 cases of adjacent noncancerous mucosa, and 4 cases of distant metastatic cancer.RESULTS: The expression of MMP-9 was significantly correlated with Lauren's classification, Borrmann's classification, LN metastasis, tumor metastasis, and TNM stage, as well as depth of invasion (all P＜0.05). The positive rate was lower in noncarcinoma than in carcinoma (31.3% vs 66.7%, P＜0.01). The expression of TIMP-2was significantly correlated with Borrmann's classification,LN metastasis, and the depth of invasion (all P＜0.05).The expression of E-cadherin was significantly correlated with differentiation, Lauren's classification, Borrmann's classification, and LN metastasis, as well as the depth of invasion (P＜0.01 or ,P＜0.05). E-cadherin was less expressed in carcinoma than in noncarcinoma (42.4% vs 87.5%,P＜0.01). There was a positive correlation between MMP-9and TIMP-2 and a negative correlation between MMP-9and E-cadherin, but no correlation between TIMP-2 and E-cadherin. Also there was a positive correlation between DNA aneuploid rate and differentiation and LN metastasis.SPF that was higher than 15% was positively correlated with tumor size, differentiation and LN metastasis. And there was a significant difference between carcinoma and noncarcinoma in DNA aneuploid rate and SPF.CONCLUSION: With tumor progression and development of heterogeneity, the abnormal expressions of MMP-9,TIMP-2, and E-cadherin or DNA aneuploid rate or high SPF gradually increases, suggesting that they play a crucial role in gastric carcinoma progression.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11475103 and 81200805)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 7162204)
文摘Improvement of the bonding strength and durability between the dentin surface and the composite resin is a challenging job in dentistry. In this paper, a radio-frequency atmosphericpressure glow discharge(RF-APGD) plasma jet is employed for the treatment of the acid-etched dentin surfaces used for the composite restoration. The properties of the plasma treated dentin surfaces and the resin–dentin interfaces are analyzed using the x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, contact angle goniometer, scanning electron microscope and microtensile tester.The experimental results show that, due to the abundant chemically reactive species existing in the RF-APGD plasma jet under a stable and low energy input operating mode, the contact angle of the plasma-treated dentin surfaces decreases to a stable level with the increase of the atomic percentage of oxygen in the specimens; the formation of the long resin tags in the scattered clusters and the hybrid layers at the resin–dentin interfaces significantly improve the bonding strength and durability. These results indicate that the RF-APGD plasma jet is an effective tool for modifying the chemical properties of the dentin surfaces, and for improving the immediate bonding strength and the durability of the resin-dentin bonding in dentistry.
基金supported by grants from the National Nature Science foundation of China(Grant Nos.30872912 and 30830108)
文摘Aim To determine the effect of local simvastatin application on the mRNA expression level of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in the tooth sockets of rat. Methodology Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups(n=24). Polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer carriers,with or without simvastatin,were implanted into extraction sockets of right mandibular incisors.The expression of TGF-β1,BMP-2 and VEGF mRNA was determined by in situ hybridization in the tooth extraction socket at five days,one week,two weeks and four weeks after implantation. Results The fusiform stroma cells in the tooth extraction socket began to express TGF-β1,BMP-2 and VEGF mRNA in both experimental and control groups from one week after tooth extraction until the end of experiment.The expression of TGF-β1 and BMP-2 mRNA in the experimental group was significantly up-regulated after one,two and four weeks,and expression of VEGF mRNA was significantly increased after one and two weeks compared with that in the control group. Conclusion The findings indicate that local administration of simvastatin can influence alveolar bone remodeling by regulating the expression of a school of growth factors which are crucial to osteogenesis in the tooth extraction socket.
基金This work has been jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81900970 and 81921002)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program CAST(2018QNRC001)Shanghai Sailing Program(19YF1426000).
文摘Bone tissue engineering has emerged as a promising alternative therapy for patients who suffer bone fractures or defects caused by trauma,congenital diseases or tumours.However,the reconstruction of bone defects combined with osteoporosis remains a great challenge for clinicians and researchers.Based on our previous study,Ca–Si-based bioceramics(MSCs)showed enhanced bone formation capabilities under normal conditions,and strontium was demonstrated to be therapeutic in promoting bone quality in osteoporosis patients.Therefore,in the present study,we attempted to enlarge the application range of MSCs with Sr incorporation in an osteoporotic bone regeneration model to evaluate whether Sr could assist in regeneration outcomes.In vitro readout suggested that Sr-incorporated MSC scaffolds could enhance the expression level of osteogenic and angiogenic markers of osteoporotic bone mesenchymal stem cells(OVX BMSCs).Animal experiments showed a larger new bone area;in particular,there was a tendency for blood vessel formation to be enhanced in the Sr-MSC scaffold group,showing its positive osteogenic capacity in bone regeneration.This study systematically illustrated the effective delivery of a low-cost therapeutic Sr agent in an osteoporotic model and provided new insight into the treatment of bone defects in osteoporosis patients.
基金supported by grant from the Open Project from State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology(No.2018KA02)National Key Research&Development Program of China(2017YFC0840100 and 2017YFC0840109)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81720108011)program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(No.IRT13051)
文摘Effective control of oral biofilm infectious diseases represents a major global challenge.Microorganisms in biofilms exhibit increased drug tolerance compared with planktonic cells.The present review covers innovative antimicrobial strategies for controlling oral biofilm-related infections published predominantly over the past 5 years.Antimicrobial dental materials based on antimicrobial agent release,contact-killing and multi-functional strategies have been designed and synthesized for the prevention of initial bacterial attachment and subsequent biofilm formation on the tooth and material surface.Among the therapeutic approaches for managing biofilms in clinical practice,antimicrobial photodynamic therapy has emerged as an alternative to antimicrobial regimes and mechanical removal of biofilms,and cold atmospheric plasma shows significant advantages over conventional antimicrobial approaches.Nevertheless,more preclinical studies and appropriately designed and well-structured multi-center clinical trials are critically needed to obtain reliable comparative data.The acquired information will be helpful in identifying the most effective antibacterial solutions and the most optimal circumstances to utilize these strategies.
