Objective Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a common cause of clinical liver dysfunction and an important prepathological change of liver cirrhosis.Central obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus,dyslipidemia,and met...Objective Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a common cause of clinical liver dysfunction and an important prepathological change of liver cirrhosis.Central obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus,dyslipidemia,and metabolic syndrome are the major risk factors for NAFLD.Sitagliptin(Sig)is a novel hypoglycemic agent that improves blood glucose levels by increasing the level of active incretin.Sig has been shown to prevent the development of fatty livers in mice on a fructose-rich diet.The purpose of this study was to observe the efficacy of Sig on NAFLD in type 2 diabetic mice.Methods The diet-induced obesity mouse model was established,and the diabetic mice were screened by an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance trial.The mice were randomly divided into four groups for 8 weeks of intervention:high-fat diet(HFD)group,Sig group,metformin(Met)group,and Sig+Met group.After the intervention,the liver function indexes as well as the blood glucose and blood lipid levels of the mice were measured.In addition,the wet weight of the liver was measured;the pathological sections of the liver tissues were stained to observe the hepatocyte fatty degeneration,inflammation,necrosis,and fibrosis;and the hepatic histological injury was recorded as the NAFLD activity score(NAS).Results Compared with the normal control group,the body weight,liver weight,blood glucose level,insulin resistance(IR),blood lipid level,and transaminase level of the mice in the HFD group were significantly increased,showing typical metabolic syndrome.After treatment with Sig and/or Met,the mice gained less weight,had lower levels of blood glucose,triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and transaminase,and had improved IR compared with the HFD group.The liver pathological NASs in the Sig group(P=0.01),Met group(P=0.028),and Sig+Met group(P<0.001)were lower than those in the HFD group(P<0.05),suggesting that the use of the two drugs alone or in combination can improve the state of liver inflammation.In terms of fibrosis,there was no fibrosis in the control group but there was significant fibrosis in the HFD group(P<0.001).There was no significant difference between the drug intervention groups and the HFD group,indicating that the drug therapy(Sig and/or Met)did not significantly improve the pre-existing fibrosis.Conclusion Our experiment proved that Sig can improve NAFLD,including improvement of the serum transaminase level,hepatic pathological inflammation level,and hepatocyte adiposis,suggesting that Sig may play a role by improving glucose and lipid metabolism,reducing the body weight and liver weight,improving insulin sensitivity,and inhibiting fatty liver inflammation.Sig may be a new direction for the treatment of patients with a nonalcoholic fatty liver and diabetes,delaying the progression of NAFLD.展开更多
Objective:To study the effects of Danshen Chuanxiongqin therapy on TXA2/PGI2, bone metabolism and stress levels after proximal femoral fracture surgery.Methods:A total of 80 patients with proximal femoral fractures wh...Objective:To study the effects of Danshen Chuanxiongqin therapy on TXA2/PGI2, bone metabolism and stress levels after proximal femoral fracture surgery.Methods:A total of 80 patients with proximal femoral fractures who received open reduction and internal fixation treatment in the First Affiliated Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University between January 2015 and December 2016 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into the experimental group who received postoperative adjuvant Danshen Chuanxiongqin therapy and the control group who received postoperative conventional therapy. The levels of TXA2/PGI2 balance-related indicators, bone metabolism indicators and stress hormones in serum as well as the expression levels of stress molecules in peripheral blood were measured before surgery and 3 d after surgery.Results:Compared with those of same group before surgery, serum 6-keto-PGF1α, t-PA, PICP, BALP and OCN levels of both groups of patients were significantly lower whereas serum TXB2, PAI-1, D-D,β-CTX, RANKL, NE, COR and ANG-Ⅱ levels as well as peripheral blood NF-κB and HSP70 expression were significantly higher after surgery, and serum 6-keto-PGF1α, t-PA, PICP, BALP and OCN levels of experimental group after surgery were higher than those of control group whereas serum TXB2, PAI-1, D-D,β-CTX, RANKL, NE, COR and ANG-Ⅱ levels as well as peripheral blood NF-κB and HSP70 expression were lower than those of control group.Conclusion:Danshen Chuanxiongqin therapy after proximal femoral fracture surgery can adjust the TXA2/PGI2 balance, improve the bone metabolism and reduce the stress level.展开更多
Objective:To explore the double psychosocial threats of the COVID-19 pandemic,targeted behavior toward Chinese Americans,and the correlates to their mental health.Methods:A quantitative,cross-sectional,and descriptive...Objective:To explore the double psychosocial threats of the COVID-19 pandemic,targeted behavior toward Chinese Americans,and the correlates to their mental health.Methods:A quantitative,cross-sectional,and descriptive design was utilized by using a purposive convenience sample of 301 Chinese Americans over the age of 18 residing in the United States.Online data collection was conducted through the social media platform WeChat from April 8–21,2021.Descriptive statistical analysis was used for the participants’demographic charac-teristics,Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support(MSPSS),Double Threat Situations,COVID-19 Racial Discrimination,and General Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7).Stepwise logistic regression was conducted to verify predictors for anxiety levels by GAD-7.Results:In this sample(N=301),127(42.19%)were male and 174(57.81%)were female.The average age was 41.67(SD=5.89).Among MSPSS subscales,social support from family(MSPSS-Fam,79.73%,n=240)and social support from significant others(MSPSS-SO,73.75%,n=222)were high.231(76.74%)reported threats due to their Chinese ethnic background during the COVID-19 outbreak.Predictors for the high anxiety level by GAD-7 were COVID-19 racial discrimination from the local community(OR=0.47,95%CI=0.39–0.71,p<0.001),media/online(OR=0.36,95%CI=0.26–0.53,p<0.001),the perceived threat from the COVID-19 virus(OR=0.33,95%CI=0.23–0.51,p<0.001)and Perceived racism threat from Chinese back-ground related to COVID-19(OR=0.31,95%CI=0.21–0.49,p<0.001).Conclusions:COVID-19 double-threats(The virus and racial discrimination)situations are significantly related to the high level of anxiety among Chinese Americans.The sense of belonging and social perceptions of Chinese immigrants is closely related to public health problems in Western societies and needs to be addressed at all levels.Ourfindings call for the attention of health-care workers to specific racism double-threatened situations and high mental health risks,as well as direct and indirect ethnic discrimination that Chinese Americans are experiencing during this pandemic,the long-term influ-ences and effective coping ways related to this issue should be explored in further research.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the functional networks underlying the brain-activity changes of patients with high myopia using the voxel-wise degree centrality(DC) method.METHODS: In total, 38 patients with high myopia(HM)(17 m...AIM: To investigate the functional networks underlying the brain-activity changes of patients with high myopia using the voxel-wise degree centrality(DC) method.METHODS: In total, 38 patients with high myopia(HM)(17 males and 21 females), whose binocular refractive diopter were-6.00 to-7.00 D, and 38 healthy controls(17 males and 21 females), closely matched in age, sex, and education levels, participated in the study. Spontaneous brain activities were evaluated using the voxel-wise DC method. The receiver operating characteristic curve was measured to distinguish patients with HM from healthy controls. Correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between the observed mean DC values of the different brain areas and the behavioral performance.RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, HM patients had significantly decreased DC values in the right inferior frontal gyrus/insula, right middle frontal gyrus, and right supramarginal/inferior parietal lobule(P<0.05). In contrast, HM patients had significantly increased DC values in the right cerebellum posterior lobe, left precentral gyrus/postcentral gyrus, and right middle cingulate gyrus(P<0.05). However, no relationship was found between the observed mean DC values of the different brain areas and the behavioral performance(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: HM is associated with abnormalities in many brain regions, which may indicate the neural mechanisms of HM. The altered DC values may be used as a useful biomarker for the brain activity changes in HM patients.展开更多
The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)is spreading at an alarming rate,and it has created an unprecedented health emergency threatening ten...The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)is spreading at an alarming rate,and it has created an unprecedented health emergency threatening tens of millions of people worldwide.Previous studies have indicated that SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid could be detected in the feces of patients even after smearnegative respiratory samples.However,demonstration of confirmed fecal-oral transmission has been difficult.Clinical studies have shown an incidence rate of gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms ranging from 2%to 79.1%in patients with COVID-19.They may precede or accompany respiratory symptoms.The most common GI symptoms included nausea,diarrhea,and abdominal pain.In addition,some patients also had liver injury,pancreatic damage,and even acute mesenteric ischemia/thrombosis.Although the incidence rates reported in different centers were quite different,the digestive system was the clinical component of the COVID-19 section.Studies have shown that angiotensinconverting enzyme 2,the receptor of SARS-CoV-2,was not only expressed in the lungs,but also in the upper esophagus,small intestine,liver,and colon.The possible mechanism of GI symptoms in COVID-19 patients may include direct viral invasion into target cells,dysregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2,immune-mediated tissue injury,and gut dysbiosis caused by microbiota.Additionally,numerous experiences,guidelines,recommendations,and position statements were published or released by different organizations and societies worldwide to optimize the management practice of outpatients,inpatients,and endoscopy in the era of COVID-19.In this review,based on our previous work and relevant literature,we mainly discuss potential fecal-oral transmission,GI manifestations,abdominal imaging findings,relevant pathophysiological mechanisms,and infection control and prevention measures in the time of COVID-19.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between smoking and drinking and constitution types from Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)theory.METHODS:The Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(CCMQ)was used.A sam...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between smoking and drinking and constitution types from Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)theory.METHODS:The Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(CCMQ)was used.A sample of 8448subjects from nine provinces and municipalities was chosen from the database of the TCM constitution and health status survey.Constituent ratio and correspondence analysis were used to find the relationship between smoking and drinking and TCM constitution.RESULTS:There was an association between smokinganddrinkingandtheGentleness,phlegm-dampness,and dampness-heat type constitutions.People that did not smoke tobacco or drink alcohol tended to have Yang-deficiency,Yin-deficiency,Qi-depression,Qi-deficiency,special diathesis,orblood-stasis type constitutions.CONCLUSION:There was a significant correlation between tobacco and alcohol use and TCM constitutions.To improve patient health,more attention should be paid to tobacco and alcohol control.展开更多
Recently,a paper published in Science by Hadjadj et al.reported that type I interferon(IFN)deficiency,could be a hallmark of severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronav...Recently,a paper published in Science by Hadjadj et al.reported that type I interferon(IFN)deficiency,could be a hallmark of severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Severe COVID-19 was also associated with a lymphocytopenia,persistent blood viral load,and an exacerbated inflammatory response(Fig.1).These findings provide insights into the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with type I IFN.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationships between different lifestyle-behavioral factors and phlegm wetness type of Traditional Chinese Medicine constitution,so as to provide health management strategies for phlegm-wetn...OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationships between different lifestyle-behavioral factors and phlegm wetness type of Traditional Chinese Medicine constitution,so as to provide health management strategies for phlegm-wetness constitution.METHODS: A case-control study was conducted with the cases selected from the database of Chinese constitution survey in 9 provinces or municipalities of China. 1380 cases met the diagnostic criteria of phlegm-wetness type were taken as the case group, and 1380 cases were randomly selected from gentleness type as the control group. Using Chi-square test to compare the differences of lifestyle-behavior composition in each group; single factor and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to compare the relationships of life-style-behavioral factors and phlegm-wetness type.RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between phlegm-wetness type group and gentleness type group in lifestyle behaviors(dietary habits, tobacco and liquor consumptions, exercise habits, sleeping habits). The results of single factor logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the risk of phlegm-wetness constitution decreased significantly in light diet(odds ratio, OR=0.68);The risk factors of phlegm-wetness type were fatty food intake(OR=2.36), sleeping early and getting up late(OR=1.87), tobacco smoking(OR=1.83),barbecued food intake(OR=1.68), alcohol drinking(OR=1.63), salty food intake(OR=1.44), sleeping erratically(OR=1.43), less physical activities(OR=1.42), sweet food intake(OR=1.29), sleeping and getting up late(OR=1.26), and pungent food intake(OR=1.21), respectively. Regardless of the interaction among lifestyle-behavioral factors, the results of the multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors of phlegm-wetness type were sleeping early and getting up late(OR=1.94), fatty food intake(OR=1.80), tobacco smoking(OR=1.50),sleeping erratically(OR=1.50), barbecued food intake(OR=1.40), sleeping and getting up late(OR=1.40), less physical activities(OR=1.31), sleeping late and getting up early(OR=1.27),and sweet food intake(OR=1.27), respectively, and the risk ofphlegm-wetness type still decreased significantly inlightfoodintake(OR=0.79).CONCLUSION: Light diet can decrease the risk of being phlegm-wetness constitution, and bad lifestyle behaviors such as sleeping early and getting up late, sleeping erratically, fatty food, barbecued food or sweet food intake, tobacco and liquor consumptions, and less physical activities can increase the risks of becoming phlegm-wetness constitution.展开更多
To the Editor:Here we report a craniotomy under general anesthesia successfully performed at a 4350-m altitude and the patient's follow-up results.To the best of our knowledge,this is one craniotomy carried out at...To the Editor:Here we report a craniotomy under general anesthesia successfully performed at a 4350-m altitude and the patient's follow-up results.To the best of our knowledge,this is one craniotomy carried out at the highest altitude in the world to date. A 21-year-old man occurred spontaneous light headache in the Ali area at a 4350-m altitude in the Tibet autonomous region of China on October 23,2011,and his headache became severe gradually.展开更多
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection continues to be a major threat to global public health,and new safe and efficacious vaccines are needed for prevention of infections caused by P.aeruginosa.X-ray irradiation has been u...Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection continues to be a major threat to global public health,and new safe and efficacious vaccines are needed for prevention of infections caused by P.aeruginosa.X-ray irradiation has been used to prepare whole-cell inactivated vaccines against P.aeruginosa infection.However,the immunological mechanisms of X-ray-inactivated vaccines are still unclear and require further investigation.Our previous study found that an X-ray-inactivated whole-cell vaccine could provide protection against P.aeruginosa by boosting T cells.The aim of the present study was to further explore the immunological mechanisms of the vaccine.Herein,P.aeruginosa PAO1,a widely used laboratory strain,was utilized to prepare the vaccine,and we found nucleic acids and 8-hydroxyguanosine in the supernatant of X-ray-inactivated PAO1(XPa).By detecting CD86,CD80,and MHCII expression,we found that XPa fostered dentritic cell(DC)maturation by detecting.XPa stimulated the cGAS-STING pathway as well as Toll-like receptors in DCs in vitro,and DC finally underwent apoptosis and pyroptosis after XPa stimulation.In addition,DC stimulated by XPa induced CD8+T-cell proliferation in vitro and generated immunologic memory in vivo.Moreover,XPa vaccination induced both Th1 and Th2 cytokine responses in mice and reduced the level of inflammatory factors during infection.XPa protected mice in pneumonia models from infection with PAO1 or multidrug-resistant clinical isolate W9.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)mice immunized with XPa could resist PAO1 infection.Therefore,a new mechanism of an X-ray-inactivated whole-cell vaccine against P.aeruginosa infection was discovered in this study.展开更多
基金Research Foundation of Beijing Friendship Hospital(No.yyqdkt2018-8).
文摘Objective Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a common cause of clinical liver dysfunction and an important prepathological change of liver cirrhosis.Central obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus,dyslipidemia,and metabolic syndrome are the major risk factors for NAFLD.Sitagliptin(Sig)is a novel hypoglycemic agent that improves blood glucose levels by increasing the level of active incretin.Sig has been shown to prevent the development of fatty livers in mice on a fructose-rich diet.The purpose of this study was to observe the efficacy of Sig on NAFLD in type 2 diabetic mice.Methods The diet-induced obesity mouse model was established,and the diabetic mice were screened by an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance trial.The mice were randomly divided into four groups for 8 weeks of intervention:high-fat diet(HFD)group,Sig group,metformin(Met)group,and Sig+Met group.After the intervention,the liver function indexes as well as the blood glucose and blood lipid levels of the mice were measured.In addition,the wet weight of the liver was measured;the pathological sections of the liver tissues were stained to observe the hepatocyte fatty degeneration,inflammation,necrosis,and fibrosis;and the hepatic histological injury was recorded as the NAFLD activity score(NAS).Results Compared with the normal control group,the body weight,liver weight,blood glucose level,insulin resistance(IR),blood lipid level,and transaminase level of the mice in the HFD group were significantly increased,showing typical metabolic syndrome.After treatment with Sig and/or Met,the mice gained less weight,had lower levels of blood glucose,triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and transaminase,and had improved IR compared with the HFD group.The liver pathological NASs in the Sig group(P=0.01),Met group(P=0.028),and Sig+Met group(P<0.001)were lower than those in the HFD group(P<0.05),suggesting that the use of the two drugs alone or in combination can improve the state of liver inflammation.In terms of fibrosis,there was no fibrosis in the control group but there was significant fibrosis in the HFD group(P<0.001).There was no significant difference between the drug intervention groups and the HFD group,indicating that the drug therapy(Sig and/or Met)did not significantly improve the pre-existing fibrosis.Conclusion Our experiment proved that Sig can improve NAFLD,including improvement of the serum transaminase level,hepatic pathological inflammation level,and hepatocyte adiposis,suggesting that Sig may play a role by improving glucose and lipid metabolism,reducing the body weight and liver weight,improving insulin sensitivity,and inhibiting fatty liver inflammation.Sig may be a new direction for the treatment of patients with a nonalcoholic fatty liver and diabetes,delaying the progression of NAFLD.
文摘Objective:To study the effects of Danshen Chuanxiongqin therapy on TXA2/PGI2, bone metabolism and stress levels after proximal femoral fracture surgery.Methods:A total of 80 patients with proximal femoral fractures who received open reduction and internal fixation treatment in the First Affiliated Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University between January 2015 and December 2016 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into the experimental group who received postoperative adjuvant Danshen Chuanxiongqin therapy and the control group who received postoperative conventional therapy. The levels of TXA2/PGI2 balance-related indicators, bone metabolism indicators and stress hormones in serum as well as the expression levels of stress molecules in peripheral blood were measured before surgery and 3 d after surgery.Results:Compared with those of same group before surgery, serum 6-keto-PGF1α, t-PA, PICP, BALP and OCN levels of both groups of patients were significantly lower whereas serum TXB2, PAI-1, D-D,β-CTX, RANKL, NE, COR and ANG-Ⅱ levels as well as peripheral blood NF-κB and HSP70 expression were significantly higher after surgery, and serum 6-keto-PGF1α, t-PA, PICP, BALP and OCN levels of experimental group after surgery were higher than those of control group whereas serum TXB2, PAI-1, D-D,β-CTX, RANKL, NE, COR and ANG-Ⅱ levels as well as peripheral blood NF-κB and HSP70 expression were lower than those of control group.Conclusion:Danshen Chuanxiongqin therapy after proximal femoral fracture surgery can adjust the TXA2/PGI2 balance, improve the bone metabolism and reduce the stress level.
基金supported by the Project of National Social Science Foundation of China(21BMZ018)the Philosophy and Social Science Project of Yunnan Province(YB2020093).
文摘Objective:To explore the double psychosocial threats of the COVID-19 pandemic,targeted behavior toward Chinese Americans,and the correlates to their mental health.Methods:A quantitative,cross-sectional,and descriptive design was utilized by using a purposive convenience sample of 301 Chinese Americans over the age of 18 residing in the United States.Online data collection was conducted through the social media platform WeChat from April 8–21,2021.Descriptive statistical analysis was used for the participants’demographic charac-teristics,Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support(MSPSS),Double Threat Situations,COVID-19 Racial Discrimination,and General Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7).Stepwise logistic regression was conducted to verify predictors for anxiety levels by GAD-7.Results:In this sample(N=301),127(42.19%)were male and 174(57.81%)were female.The average age was 41.67(SD=5.89).Among MSPSS subscales,social support from family(MSPSS-Fam,79.73%,n=240)and social support from significant others(MSPSS-SO,73.75%,n=222)were high.231(76.74%)reported threats due to their Chinese ethnic background during the COVID-19 outbreak.Predictors for the high anxiety level by GAD-7 were COVID-19 racial discrimination from the local community(OR=0.47,95%CI=0.39–0.71,p<0.001),media/online(OR=0.36,95%CI=0.26–0.53,p<0.001),the perceived threat from the COVID-19 virus(OR=0.33,95%CI=0.23–0.51,p<0.001)and Perceived racism threat from Chinese back-ground related to COVID-19(OR=0.31,95%CI=0.21–0.49,p<0.001).Conclusions:COVID-19 double-threats(The virus and racial discrimination)situations are significantly related to the high level of anxiety among Chinese Americans.The sense of belonging and social perceptions of Chinese immigrants is closely related to public health problems in Western societies and needs to be addressed at all levels.Ourfindings call for the attention of health-care workers to specific racism double-threatened situations and high mental health risks,as well as direct and indirect ethnic discrimination that Chinese Americans are experiencing during this pandemic,the long-term influ-ences and effective coping ways related to this issue should be explored in further research.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81760179 No.81360151)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (No.20171BAB205046)Jiangxi Province Education Department Key Foundation (No. GJJ160033)Health Development Planning Commission Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (No.20185118)
文摘AIM: To investigate the functional networks underlying the brain-activity changes of patients with high myopia using the voxel-wise degree centrality(DC) method.METHODS: In total, 38 patients with high myopia(HM)(17 males and 21 females), whose binocular refractive diopter were-6.00 to-7.00 D, and 38 healthy controls(17 males and 21 females), closely matched in age, sex, and education levels, participated in the study. Spontaneous brain activities were evaluated using the voxel-wise DC method. The receiver operating characteristic curve was measured to distinguish patients with HM from healthy controls. Correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between the observed mean DC values of the different brain areas and the behavioral performance.RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, HM patients had significantly decreased DC values in the right inferior frontal gyrus/insula, right middle frontal gyrus, and right supramarginal/inferior parietal lobule(P<0.05). In contrast, HM patients had significantly increased DC values in the right cerebellum posterior lobe, left precentral gyrus/postcentral gyrus, and right middle cingulate gyrus(P<0.05). However, no relationship was found between the observed mean DC values of the different brain areas and the behavioral performance(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: HM is associated with abnormalities in many brain regions, which may indicate the neural mechanisms of HM. The altered DC values may be used as a useful biomarker for the brain activity changes in HM patients.
文摘The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)is spreading at an alarming rate,and it has created an unprecedented health emergency threatening tens of millions of people worldwide.Previous studies have indicated that SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid could be detected in the feces of patients even after smearnegative respiratory samples.However,demonstration of confirmed fecal-oral transmission has been difficult.Clinical studies have shown an incidence rate of gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms ranging from 2%to 79.1%in patients with COVID-19.They may precede or accompany respiratory symptoms.The most common GI symptoms included nausea,diarrhea,and abdominal pain.In addition,some patients also had liver injury,pancreatic damage,and even acute mesenteric ischemia/thrombosis.Although the incidence rates reported in different centers were quite different,the digestive system was the clinical component of the COVID-19 section.Studies have shown that angiotensinconverting enzyme 2,the receptor of SARS-CoV-2,was not only expressed in the lungs,but also in the upper esophagus,small intestine,liver,and colon.The possible mechanism of GI symptoms in COVID-19 patients may include direct viral invasion into target cells,dysregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2,immune-mediated tissue injury,and gut dysbiosis caused by microbiota.Additionally,numerous experiences,guidelines,recommendations,and position statements were published or released by different organizations and societies worldwide to optimize the management practice of outpatients,inpatients,and endoscopy in the era of COVID-19.In this review,based on our previous work and relevant literature,we mainly discuss potential fecal-oral transmission,GI manifestations,abdominal imaging findings,relevant pathophysiological mechanisms,and infection control and prevention measures in the time of COVID-19.
基金Supported by a Grant from the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(973 Program)(No.2011CB505403)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between smoking and drinking and constitution types from Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)theory.METHODS:The Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(CCMQ)was used.A sample of 8448subjects from nine provinces and municipalities was chosen from the database of the TCM constitution and health status survey.Constituent ratio and correspondence analysis were used to find the relationship between smoking and drinking and TCM constitution.RESULTS:There was an association between smokinganddrinkingandtheGentleness,phlegm-dampness,and dampness-heat type constitutions.People that did not smoke tobacco or drink alcohol tended to have Yang-deficiency,Yin-deficiency,Qi-depression,Qi-deficiency,special diathesis,orblood-stasis type constitutions.CONCLUSION:There was a significant correlation between tobacco and alcohol use and TCM constitutions.To improve patient health,more attention should be paid to tobacco and alcohol control.
基金supported by the National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for“Significant New Drugs Development”(2019ZX09721001-004-004).
文摘Recently,a paper published in Science by Hadjadj et al.reported that type I interferon(IFN)deficiency,could be a hallmark of severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Severe COVID-19 was also associated with a lymphocytopenia,persistent blood viral load,and an exacerbated inflammatory response(Fig.1).These findings provide insights into the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with type I IFN.
基金Supported by Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health cognition theory and Constitution Classification from the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)(No.2011CB505403)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationships between different lifestyle-behavioral factors and phlegm wetness type of Traditional Chinese Medicine constitution,so as to provide health management strategies for phlegm-wetness constitution.METHODS: A case-control study was conducted with the cases selected from the database of Chinese constitution survey in 9 provinces or municipalities of China. 1380 cases met the diagnostic criteria of phlegm-wetness type were taken as the case group, and 1380 cases were randomly selected from gentleness type as the control group. Using Chi-square test to compare the differences of lifestyle-behavior composition in each group; single factor and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to compare the relationships of life-style-behavioral factors and phlegm-wetness type.RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between phlegm-wetness type group and gentleness type group in lifestyle behaviors(dietary habits, tobacco and liquor consumptions, exercise habits, sleeping habits). The results of single factor logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the risk of phlegm-wetness constitution decreased significantly in light diet(odds ratio, OR=0.68);The risk factors of phlegm-wetness type were fatty food intake(OR=2.36), sleeping early and getting up late(OR=1.87), tobacco smoking(OR=1.83),barbecued food intake(OR=1.68), alcohol drinking(OR=1.63), salty food intake(OR=1.44), sleeping erratically(OR=1.43), less physical activities(OR=1.42), sweet food intake(OR=1.29), sleeping and getting up late(OR=1.26), and pungent food intake(OR=1.21), respectively. Regardless of the interaction among lifestyle-behavioral factors, the results of the multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors of phlegm-wetness type were sleeping early and getting up late(OR=1.94), fatty food intake(OR=1.80), tobacco smoking(OR=1.50),sleeping erratically(OR=1.50), barbecued food intake(OR=1.40), sleeping and getting up late(OR=1.40), less physical activities(OR=1.31), sleeping late and getting up early(OR=1.27),and sweet food intake(OR=1.27), respectively, and the risk ofphlegm-wetness type still decreased significantly inlightfoodintake(OR=0.79).CONCLUSION: Light diet can decrease the risk of being phlegm-wetness constitution, and bad lifestyle behaviors such as sleeping early and getting up late, sleeping erratically, fatty food, barbecued food or sweet food intake, tobacco and liquor consumptions, and less physical activities can increase the risks of becoming phlegm-wetness constitution.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘To the Editor:Here we report a craniotomy under general anesthesia successfully performed at a 4350-m altitude and the patient's follow-up results.To the best of our knowledge,this is one craniotomy carried out at the highest altitude in the world to date. A 21-year-old man occurred spontaneous light headache in the Ali area at a 4350-m altitude in the Tibet autonomous region of China on October 23,2011,and his headache became severe gradually.
基金This study was supported by the Chinese Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for“Significant New Drugs Creation”,National Key Project(2019ZX09721-001-004-004)Key Technologies and Transformation Platform for Rapid Emergency Vaccine R&D for“the Sichuan Province Key R&D Program”(2020YFS0568).
文摘Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection continues to be a major threat to global public health,and new safe and efficacious vaccines are needed for prevention of infections caused by P.aeruginosa.X-ray irradiation has been used to prepare whole-cell inactivated vaccines against P.aeruginosa infection.However,the immunological mechanisms of X-ray-inactivated vaccines are still unclear and require further investigation.Our previous study found that an X-ray-inactivated whole-cell vaccine could provide protection against P.aeruginosa by boosting T cells.The aim of the present study was to further explore the immunological mechanisms of the vaccine.Herein,P.aeruginosa PAO1,a widely used laboratory strain,was utilized to prepare the vaccine,and we found nucleic acids and 8-hydroxyguanosine in the supernatant of X-ray-inactivated PAO1(XPa).By detecting CD86,CD80,and MHCII expression,we found that XPa fostered dentritic cell(DC)maturation by detecting.XPa stimulated the cGAS-STING pathway as well as Toll-like receptors in DCs in vitro,and DC finally underwent apoptosis and pyroptosis after XPa stimulation.In addition,DC stimulated by XPa induced CD8+T-cell proliferation in vitro and generated immunologic memory in vivo.Moreover,XPa vaccination induced both Th1 and Th2 cytokine responses in mice and reduced the level of inflammatory factors during infection.XPa protected mice in pneumonia models from infection with PAO1 or multidrug-resistant clinical isolate W9.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)mice immunized with XPa could resist PAO1 infection.Therefore,a new mechanism of an X-ray-inactivated whole-cell vaccine against P.aeruginosa infection was discovered in this study.
