AIM: To study the effect of NF-κB, survivin, Bd-2 and Caspase3 on tumor necrosis factors related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) induced apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. METHODS: Gastric cancer cells of SGC-7901,...AIM: To study the effect of NF-κB, survivin, Bd-2 and Caspase3 on tumor necrosis factors related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) induced apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. METHODS: Gastric cancer cells of SGC-7901, MKN28, MKN45 and AGS lines were cultured in PRMI-1640 medium and the apoptosis rates of the cells of 4 lines were observed after treatment of tumor necrosis factors related apoptosis indudng ligand (TRAIL) with a flow cytometer. The expression of NF-κB, survivin, Bcl-2 and Caspase3 in gastric cancer cells of 4 lines was analyzed with Western blot. RESULTS: After the gastric cancer cells were exposed to TRAIL 300 ng/ml for 24 hours, the apoptosis rate was 36.05%, 20.27%, 16.50% and 11.80% in MKN28, MKN45,AGS and SC-C-7901cells respectively. Western blot revealed that the expressions of NF-EB and survivin were lower in MKN28 cells than in MKN45, AGS and SGC-7901 cells. In contrast, the expression of Caspase3 was higher in MKN28 cells than in MKN45, AGS and SGC-7901 cells. CONCLUSION: There is a selectivity of TRAIL potency to induce apoptosis in gastric cancer cells of different cell lines.The anticancer potency of TRAIL is associated with the decreased expression of NF-κB and survivin and increased expression of Caspase3 of gastric cancer cells.展开更多
AIM: To test the hypothesis that introduction of antisense TβR Ⅰ and TβR Ⅱ eukaryotic expressing plasmids into a rat model of immunologically induced liver fibrosis might block the action of TGF-β1 and halt the p...AIM: To test the hypothesis that introduction of antisense TβR Ⅰ and TβR Ⅱ eukaryotic expressing plasmids into a rat model of immunologically induced liver fibrosis might block the action of TGF-β1 and halt the progression of liver fibrosis. METHODS: RT-Nest-PCR and gene recombination techniques were used to construct rat antisense TβR Ⅰ and TβR Ⅱ recombinant plasmids which could be expressed in eukaryotic cells. The recombinant plasmids and empty vector (pcDNA3) were encapsulated by glycosyl-poly-L-lysine and then transducted into rats of pig serum-induced liver fibrosis model. Expression of exogenously transfected gene was assessed by Northern blot, and hepatic expressions of TβR Ⅰ and TβR Ⅱ were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blot.We also performed ELISA for serum TGF-β1, hydroxyproline of hepatic tissues, immunohistochemistry for collagen types Ⅰ and Ⅲ, and VG staining for pathological study of the liver tissues. RESULTS: The exogenous antisense TβR Ⅰ and TβR Ⅱ plasmids could be well expressed in vivo, and block mRNA and protein expression of TβR Ⅰ and TβR Ⅱ in the fibrotic liver at the level of mRNA respectively. These exogenous plasmid expressions reduced the level of TGF-β1 (antisense TβR Ⅰ group 23.998+3.045 ng/mL, antisense TβR Ⅱ group 23.156+3.131 ng/mL, disease control group 32.960+3.789 ng/mL; F-=-38.19, 36.73, P<0.01). Compared with disease control group, the contents of hepatic hydroxyproline (antisense TβR Ⅰ group 0.169+0.015 mg/g liver, antisense TβR Ⅱ group 0.167+0.009 mg/g liver, disease control group 0.296+0.026 mg/g liver; F=14.39, 15.48, P<0.01) and the deposition of collagen types Ⅰ and Ⅲ decreased in the two antisense treatment groups(antisense TβR Ⅰ group, collagen type Ⅰ 669.90+50.67, collagen type Ⅲ 657.29+49.48; antisense TβR Ⅱ group, collagen type Ⅰ 650.26+51.51, collagen type Ⅲ 661.58+55.28; disease control group, collagen type I 1209.44+116.60, collagen type Ⅲ 1175.14+121.44; F=15.48 to 74.89, P<0.01). Their expression also improved the pathologic classification of liver fibrosis models (compared with disease control group, X^2=17.14, 17.24, P<0.01). No difference was found in the level of TGF-β1, the contents of hepatic hydroxyproline and collagen types Ⅰ and Ⅲ and pathologic grade between pcDNA3 control group and disease control group or between the two antisense treatment groups (F=0.11 to1.06, X^2=0.13 to 0.16, P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Antisense TβR Ⅰ and TβR Ⅱ recombinant plasmids have certain reverse effects on liver fibrosis and can be used as possible candidates for gene therapy.展开更多
AIM: To observe the possible effects of transforming growth factor (TGF) β1, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor-necrosis factor (TNF) α and IL-10 on experimental rat hepatic fibrosis. METHODS: One hundred SD rats were divide...AIM: To observe the possible effects of transforming growth factor (TGF) β1, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor-necrosis factor (TNF) α and IL-10 on experimental rat hepatic fibrosis. METHODS: One hundred SD rats were divided randomly into the three groups. Control group received intraperitoneal injection of saline (2 ml-kg^-1), twice a week. Fibrogenesis group was injected intraperitoneally with 50% carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) (2 ml-kg^-1) twice a week. Fibrosisintervention group was given IL-10 at a dose of 4 μg-kg^-1 20 minutes before CCI4 administration from the third week.At the fifth, seventh, and ninth weeks, 7 to 10 rats in each group were sacrificed to collect serum. Levels of TGF-β1,TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were determined by enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay (ELISA). The liver tissues were taken for routine histological examination. RESULTS: Hepatic fibrosis was developed with the injection of CCI4. Values of the circulating TGFβ, TNFα, IL-6 and IL-10 in the control group were 25.495.56 ng.L^-1, 15.18±3.83ng.L^-1, 63.64±13.03 ng.L-^1 and 132.90±12.13 ng.L^-1,respectively. Their levels in the CCI4-intoxication group were 31.13±6.41 ng.L^-1, 18.91±5.31 ng.L^-1, 89.08±25.39 ng.L^-1 and 57.63±18.88 ng.L^-1, respectively, and those in the IL-10-intervention group were 26.11±5.32 ng.L^-1,13.99±1.86 ng.L^-1,74.71±21.15 ng.L^-1 and 88.19±20.81 ng.L^-1, respectively. A gradual increase was observed in the levels of TGFβ1, TNFα and IL-6 during hepatic fibrogenesis. These changes were pardally reversed by simultaneous administration of IL-10. The histological parameters, characterized by CCl4-intoxificatJon,also seemed to be improved with IL-10 treatment, the collagen production was reduced at the ninth week and the histological activity index was decreased from 7.9±1.2 to 4.7±0.9. CONCLUSION: TGFβ1, TNFα and IL-6 may play important roles during CCI4-induced hepatic fibrogenesis, and IL-10 may counterbalance their effects.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) on Fas/Fas-ligand and Bcl-2/Bax mRNA expressions in rat hepatic stellate cells.METHODS: Rat hepatic stellate cells (HS...AIM: To investigate the effects of platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) on Fas/Fas-ligand and Bcl-2/Bax mRNA expressions in rat hepatic stellate cells.METHODS: Rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were isolated and purified from rat liver by in situ digestion of collagenase and pronase and single-step density Nycodenz gradient.After activated by culture in vitro, HSCs were divided into 4 groups and treated with nothing (group N), PDGF (group P),IL-10 (group I) and PDGF in combinalJon with IL-10 (group C),respectively. Semi-quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was employed to compare the mRNA expression levels of Fas/FasL and Bcl-2/Bax in HSCs of each group.RESULTS: The expression levels of Fas between the 4 groups had no significant differences (P>0.05). FasL mRNA level in normal culture-activated HSCs (group N) was very low.It increased obviously after HSCs were treated with IL-10(group I) (0.091±0.007 vs 0.385±0.051, P<0.01), but remained the low level after treated with PDGF alone (group P)or PDGF in combination with IL-10 (group C). Contrast to the control group, after treated with PDGF and IL-10, either alone or in combination, Bcl-2 mRNA expression was downregulated and Bax mRNA expression was up-regulated, both following the turn from group P, group I to group C.Expression of Bcl-2 mRNA in group C was significantly lower than that in group P (0.126±0.008 vs0.210±0.024, P<0.01).But no significant difference was found between group C and group I, as well as between group I and group P (P>0.05).Similarly, the expression of Bax in group C was higher than that in group P (0.513±0.016 vs0.400±0.022, P<0.01).No significant difference was found between group I and group P (P>0.05). But compared with group C, Bax expressions in group I tended to decrease (0.449±0.028 vs 0.513±0.016,P<0.05).CONCLUSION: PDGF may promote proliferation of HSCs but is neutral with respect to HSC apoptosis. IL-10 may promote the apoptosis of HSCs by up-regulating the expressions of FasL and Bax and down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2, which may be involved in its antifibrosis mechanism.展开更多
AIM: To determine the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver in a specific population in Shanghai by an epidemiological survey, and to analyze risk factors of fatty liver.METHODS: Total 4009 administrative officers wh...AIM: To determine the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver in a specific population in Shanghai by an epidemiological survey, and to analyze risk factors of fatty liver.METHODS: Total 4009 administrative officers who denied regular alcohol drinking participated in the survey, and underwent physical examination and laboratory tests. The important parameters were body mass index (BMI), waist hip circumferences ratio (WHR) and levels of serum lipids.Diagnosis of fatty liver was based on established real-time ultrasonographic criteria, the presence of an ultrasonographic pattern consistent with 'bright liver', with evident ultrasonographic contrast between hepatic and renal parenchyma, vessel blurring, and narrowing of the lumen of the hepatic veins. Analysis of data was performed through SPSS for Windows statistical package.RESULTS: The overall prevalence of fatty liver was 12.9 %,15.8 % in males and 7.5 % in females, and the prevalence of fatty liver in males younger than 50 years old, was significantly higher (13.3 %) than that of in females (2.7 %).But the difference between the sexes became less significant in people older than 50 years (19.1% vs 18.1%). The prevalence of fatty liver was increased with age; this was markedly presented in females younger than 50 years.Multiple variant regression analysis demonstrated that the prevalence of fatty liver was positively correlated to several risk factors, including male, aging (＞50yr), hyperlipidemia,impaired glucose tolerance/diabetes mellitus, hypertension and overweight/obesity.CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver among certain population in Shanghai, to which overweight and hyperlipidemia are closely relevant.展开更多
AIM: To investigate whether there were symptom-based tendencies in the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication in functional dyspepsia (FD) patients. METHODS: A randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled study o...AIM: To investigate whether there were symptom-based tendencies in the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication in functional dyspepsia (FD) patients. METHODS: A randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled study of H. pylori eradication for FD was conduct- ed. A total of 195 FD patients with H. pylori infection were divided into two groups: 98 patients in the treatment group were treated with rabeprazole 10 mg twice daily for 2 wk, amoxicillin 1.0 g and clarithromycin 0.5 g twice daily for 1 wk; 97 patients in the placebo group were given placebos as control. Symptoms of FD, such as postprandial fullness, early satiety, nausea, belching,epigastric pain and epigastric burning, were assessed 3 mo after H. pylori eradication. RESULTS: By per-protocol analysis in patients with successful H. pylori eradication, higher effective rates of 77.2% and 82% were achieved in the patients with epigastric pain and epigastric burning than those in the placebo group (P < 0.05). The effective rates for postprandial fullness, early satiety, nausea and belching were 46%, 36%, 52.5% and 33.3%, respectively, and there was no significant difference from the placebo group (39.3%, 27.1%, 39.1% and 31.4%) (P > 0.05). In 84 patients who received H. pylori eradication therapy, the effective rates for epigastric pain (73.8%) and epigastric burning (80.7%) were higher than those in the placebo group (P < 0.05). The effective rates for postprandial fullness, early satiety, nausea and belch- ing were 41.4%, 33.3%, 50% and 31.4%, respective- ly, and did not differ from those in the placebo group (P > 0.05). By intention-to-treat analysis, patients with epigastric pain and epigastric burning in the treatment group achieved higher effective rates of 60.8% and 65.7% than the placebo group (33.3% and 31.8%) (P < 0.05). The effective rates for postprandial fullness, early satiety, nausea and belching were 34.8%, 27.9%, 41.1% and 26.7% respectively in the treatment group, with no significant difference from those in the placebo group (34.8%, 23.9%, 35.3% and 27.1%) (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The efficacy of H. pylori eradication has symptom-based tendencies in FD patients. It may be effective in the subgroup of FD patients with epigastric pain syndrome.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the potential role of Nimesulide, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, in proliferation and apoptosis of gastric adenocarcinoma cells SGC7901.METHODS: Cell counts and MYT assay were used to quantify the influ...AIM: To evaluate the potential role of Nimesulide, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, in proliferation and apoptosis of gastric adenocarcinoma cells SGC7901.METHODS: Cell counts and MYT assay were used to quantify the influence of Nimesulide in the proliferation of SGC7901cells. Transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry were used to observe the induction of Nimesulide the apoptosis of SGC7901 cells and influence in the distribution of cell cycle. The expression of P27kipl protein was observed by immunocytochemical staining.RESULTS: SGC-7901 Cells treated with Nimesulide at various concentrations exhibited a profound dose- and timedependent reduction in the proliferation rate over the 72 h test period. The highest survival rate of the cells was 78.7 %,but the lowest being 22.7 %. Nimesulide induced apoptosis of the cells in a dose-dependent and non-linear manner and increased the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase and decreased the proportion in the S and G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Meanwhile, Nimesulide could up-regulate the expression of P27kipl protein.CONCLUSION: The induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest are both anti-proliferative responses that likely contribute to the antineoplastic action of nimesulide on SGC7901 cells. The up-regulation of P27kipl gene may contribute to the accumulation of these cells in the G0/G1 phase following treatment with Nimesulide. Selective COX-2 inhibitor may be a new channel of the chemoprevention and chemotherapy for gastric carcinoma.展开更多
AIM: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disorder in the Western population, but detailed population-based data in China are limited. The aim of this study was to understand the epidemiology of symptoma...AIM: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disorder in the Western population, but detailed population-based data in China are limited. The aim of this study was to understand the epidemiology of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux (SGER) in adults of Xi'an, a northwestern city of China, and to explore the potential risk factors of GERD. METHODS: Symptoms suggestive of GERD, functional dyspepsia (FD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), upper respiratory diseases and some potential risk factors were investigated in a face-to-face manner in a region-stratified random samples of 2 789 residents aged 18-70 years in Xi'an by using a standardized questionnaire. METHODS: With a response rate of 91.8%, the prevalence of SGER was 16.98% (95% CI, 14.2-18.92) in Xi'an adults, and no gender-related difference was observed (P<0.05). SGER was more common among subjects aged 30-70 years than in those aged 18-29 years (P<0.01). The prevalence of SGER in rural, urban and suburban subjects was 21.07%, 17.44% and 12.12%, respectively, and there was a significant difference between rural, urban and suburban regions (P<0.05). Compared with subjects without SGER, the prevalence of symptoms suggestive of FD and IBS, pneumonia, asthma, bronchitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis, chronic cough, wheeze, globus sensation, oral ulcer and snore was significantly increased in subjects with SGER (P<0.01). Heavy smoking (OR=5.76; CI, 3.70-6.67), heavy alcohol use (OR=2.85; CI, 1.67-4.49), peplJc ulcer (OR=5.76; CI, 3.99-8.32), cerebral palsy (OR=3.97; CI, 1.97-8.00), abdominal operation (OR=2.69; CI, 1.75-4.13), obesity(OR=2.16; CI, 1.47-3.16), excessive food intake (OR= 1.43;CI, 1.17-1.15), sweet food (OR=1.23; CI, 0.89-1.54), and consumption of coffee (OR= 1.23; CI, 0.17-2.00) were independently associated with SGER. The episodes of GERD were commonly precipitated by dietary factors (66.05%), followed by body posture (26.54%), ill temper (23.72%), fatigue (22.32%) and stress (10.93%). CONCLUSION: GERD is common in Xi'an's adult population with a mild or moderate degree. The etiology and pathogenesis of GERD are probably associated with FD, IBS, and some respiratory, laryngopharyngeal and odontostological diseases or symptoms. Some lifestyles, diseases and dietary factors are the risk factors of GERD.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in hepatic fibrosis and the antifibrogenic role of exogenous interleukin-10 (IL-10).METHODS: Hepatic fibrosi...AIM: To investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in hepatic fibrosis and the antifibrogenic role of exogenous interleukin-10 (IL-10).METHODS: Hepatic fibrosis was induced by CCl4administration and 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group (group N, 8rats), CCl4-induced group (group C, 28 rats) and IL-10-treated group (group I, 24 rats). At the beginning of the 7th and 11th wk, rats in each group were routinely perfused with pronase E and type Ⅳ collagenase through portal vein catheter and the suspension was centrifuged by 11%Nycodenz density gradient to isolate hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). RT-PCR was used to analyze mRNA of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 from freshly isolated cells. Densitometric data were standardized with β-actin signals. Immunocytochemistry was performed to detect MMP-2 and TIMP-1 expression in HSC cultured for 72 h.RESULTS: Compared to group N in the 7th wk, MMP-2and TIMP-1 mRNA increased in group C (P= 0.001/0.001)and group I (P = 0.001/0.009). The level of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 mRNA in group I was significantly lower than that in group C (P= 0.001/0.001). In the 11th wk, MMP-2 mRNAin group I was still lower than that in group C (P = 0.005),but both dropped compared with that in the 7th week (P = 0.001/0.004). TIMP-1 mRNA in group I was still lower than that in group C (P= 0.001), and increased in group C (P = 0.001) while decreased in group I (P = 0.042)compared with that in the 7th wk. Same results were found by immunocytochemistry.CONCLUSION: Expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 is increased in hepatic fibrosis. IL-10 exhibits an antifibrogenic effect by suppressing MMP-2 and TIMP-1 expression.展开更多
AIM:To detect the micrometastasis of gastric carcinoma in peripheral blood circulation using immunomagnetic beads sorting technique and RT-PCR technique,and to discuss its significance and the difference between the t...AIM:To detect the micrometastasis of gastric carcinoma in peripheral blood circulation using immunomagnetic beads sorting technique and RT-PCR technique,and to discuss its significance and the difference between the two methods.METHODS:Density gradient centrifugation was used to isolate mononuclear cells from peripheral blood,immunomagnetic beads sorting technique and RT-PCR technique were used to detect the disseminated carcinoma cells.HE,immunocytochemical and immunofluorescence staining were also used to identify the characteristics of the cells separated with immunomagnetic beads sorting technique.RESULTS:Cells expressing cytokeratin were separated and enriched from the peripheral blood specimens of patients suffering from gastric carcinoma or chronic gastritis. After HE staining, two kinds of ceils with little cytoplasm were found.Majority of these cells had small and round nuclei, even chromatins and the thickness of nuclear membrane was normal. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that there were CD34 and CD45 expression on the cell membrane ofthis kind of cells and these cells also showed expressed human telomerase reverse transcriptase by immunofluorescence staining, but the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen was absent.So,these cells might hematopoiesis precursors.Another kind of cells had larger and abnormal nuclei with thicker nuclear membranes. Massed chromatins and polynudeoli were found in the nudei. These cells expressed human telomerase reverse transcriptase and carcinoembryonic antigen,but CD34 and CD45 were not found on the cell membrane.So,these cells were considered as gastric carcinoma cells escaping from the original focuses and existing in the peripheral blood circulation.Cardnoma cells were found in 25 of 60(41.7%) specimens of peripheral blood from patients with gastric carcinoma, while there were no such cells separated from the blood specimens of chronic gastritis patients.The difference of positive rates of disseminated carcinoma cells between two groups was markedly significant (P<0.005).The expressions of CK20 mRNA in peripheral blood specimens were examinated withRT-PCR. CK20 mRNA was detected from 32 of 60(53.3%) peripheral blood specimens in the group of gastric carcinoma patients,while none of the specimens from patients suffering from chronic gastritis had CK20 mRNA. Significant difference was also found between two groups (P<0.005).Statistic analyses also showed that there was a significant difference between the positive rates of two methods in detecting the disseminated carcinoma cells from the peripheral blood circulation of gastric carcinoma patients (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The results demonstrated that there were disseminated carcinoma cells in the peripheral blood circulation of some patients with gastric carcinoma.Disseminated carcinoma cells can be detected from the peripheral blood samples with immunomagnetic beads sorting technique and RT-PCR technique.The positive rate of RT-PCR technique is higher than that of immunomagnetic beads sorting technique in detecting micrometastasis.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the difference in activation of STAT3signaling between two human stomach adenocarcinoma cell lines: 5-fluorouracil resistant cell line and its parental cell line, and to evaluate its relationship w...AIM: To investigate the difference in activation of STAT3signaling between two human stomach adenocarcinoma cell lines: 5-fluorouracil resistant cell line and its parental cell line, and to evaluate its relationship with the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).METHODS: Western blot and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) were used to detect the expression of phospho-STAT3 protein and constitutive activation of STAT3in two human stomach adenocarcinoma cell lines, 5-fluorouracil resistant cell line SGC7901/R and its parental cell line SGC7901, respectively. The mRNA expression of VEGF was analysed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The expressive intensity of VEGF protein was measured by immunocytochemistry.RESULTS: The expressions of phospho-STAT3 protein and constitutive activation of ST AT3 between two human stomach adenocarcinoma cell lines were different.Compared with the parental cell line SGC7901, the STAT3-DNA binding activity and the expressive intensity of phospho-STAT3 protein were lower in the drug-resistant cell line SGC7901/R. The expression levels of VEGF mRNA and its encoded protein were also decreased in drugresistant cell line.CONCLUSION: Over-expression of VEGF may be correlated with elevated STAT3 activation in parental cell line. Lower VEGF expression may be correlated with decreased STAT3activation in resistant cell line, which may have resulted from negative feedback regulation of STAT signaling.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the histological features of gastric mucosa, including Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with early gastric cancer and endoscopically found superficial gastritis, gastric erosion, erosive gast...AIM: To evaluate the histological features of gastric mucosa, including Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with early gastric cancer and endoscopically found superficial gastritis, gastric erosion, erosive gastritis,gastric ulcer.METHODS: The biopsy specimens were taken from the antrum, corpus and upper angulus of all the patients.Giemsa staining, improved toluidine-blue staining, and H pylori-specific antibody immune staining were performed as appropriate for the histological diagnosis of H pylori infection. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used for the histological diagnosis of gastric mucosa inflammation, gastric glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia and scored into four grades according to the Updated Sydney System.RESULTS: The overall prevalence of H pylori infection in superficial gastritis was 28.7%, in erosive gastritis 57.7%,in gastric erosion 63.3%, in gastric ulcer 80.8%, in early gastric cancer 52.4%. There was significant difference (P＜0.05), except for the difference between early gastric cancer and erosive gastritis. H pylori infection rate in antrum, corpus, angulus of patients with superficial gastritis was 25.9%, 26.2%, 25.2%, respectively; in patients with erosive gastritis 46.9%, 53.5%, 49.0%,respectively; in patients with gastric erosion 52.4%, 61.5%,52.4%, respectively; in patients with gastric ulcer 52.4%,61.5%, 52.4%, respectively; in patients with early gastric cancer 35.0%, 50.7%, 34.6%, respectively. No significant difference was found among the different site biopsies in superficial gastritis, but in the other diseases the detected rates were higher in corpus biopsy (P＜0.05). The grades of mononuclear cell infiltration and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration, in early gastric cancer patients, were significantly higher than that in superficial gastritis patients, lower than that in gastric erosion and gastric ulcer patients (P＜0.01);however, there was no significant difference compared with erosive gastritis. The grades of mucosa glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were significantly highest in early gastric cancer, lower in gastric ulcer, the next were erosive gastritis, gastric erosion, the lowest in superficial gastritis (P＜0.01). Furthermore, 53.3% and 51.4% showed glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in angular biopsy specimens, respectively; but only 40.3%and 39.9% were identified in antral biopsy, and 14.1%and 13.6% in corpus biopsy; therefore, the angulus was more reliable for the diagnosis of glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia compared with antrum and corpus (P＜0.01). The positivity rate of glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia of superficial gastritis with H pyloripositivity was 50.7%, 34.1%; of erosive gastritis 76.1%,63.0%; of gastric erosion 84.8%, 87.8%; of gastric ulcer 80.6%, 90.9%; and of early gastric cancer 85.5%, 85.3%,respectively. The positivity rate of glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia of superficial gastritis with H pylorinegativity was 9.9%, 6.9%; of erosive gastritis 42.5%,42.1%; of gastric erosion 51.1%, 61.9%; of gastric ulcer 29.8%, 25.5%; and of early gastric cancer 84.0%,86.0%,respectively. The positivity rate of glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia of superficial gastritis, erosive gastritis, gastric erosion, and gastric ulcer patients with H pylori positivity was significantly higher than those with H pylori negativity (P＜0.01); however, there was no significant difference in patients with early gastric cancer with or without H pylori infection.CONCLUSION: The progression of the gastric pre-cancerous lesions, glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in superficial gastritis, gastric erosion, erosive gastritis and gastric ulcer was strongly related to H pylori infection. In depth studies are needed to evaluate whether eradication of H pylori infection will really diminish the risk of gastric cancer.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the relationship between gastric dysmotility,gastrointestinal hormone abnormalities, and neuroendocrine cells in gastrointestinal mucosa in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD).METHODS: Gastric ...AIM: To investigate the relationship between gastric dysmotility,gastrointestinal hormone abnormalities, and neuroendocrine cells in gastrointestinal mucosa in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD).METHODS: Gastric emptying was assessed with solid radiopaque markers in 54 FD patients, and the patients were divided into two groups according to the results, one with delayed gastric emptying and the other with normal gastric emptying. Seventeen healthy volunteers acted as normal controls. Fasting and postprandial plasma levels and gastroduodenal mucosal levels of gastrointestinal hormones gastrin, somatostatin (SS) and neurotensin (NT)were measured by radioimmunoassay in all the subjects.G cells (gastrin-producing cells) and D cells (SS-producing cells) in gastric antral mucosa were immunostained with rabbit anti-gastrin polyclonal antibody and rabbit anti-SS polyclonal antibody, respectively, and analyzed quantitatively by computerized image analysis.RESULTS: The postprandial plasma gastrin levels, the fasting and postprandial plasma levels and the gastric and duodenal mucosal levels of NT were significantly higher in the FD patients with delayed gastric emptying than in those with normal gastric emptying and normal controls. The number and gray value of G and D cells and the G cell/D cell number ratio did not differ significantly between normal controls and the FD patients with or without delayed gastric emptying.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the abnormalities of gastrin and NT may play a role in the pathophysiology of gastric dysmotility in FD patients, and the abnormality of postprandial plasma gastrin levels in FD patients with delayed gastric emptying is not related to the changes both in the number and gray value of G cells and in the G cell/D cell number ratio in gastric antral mucosa.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of IH764-3 on HSC apoptosis,and the expression of caspase-3 protein in HSC apoptoticprocess.METHODS: HSCs were cultured in medium with differentIH764-3 doses ( 10 μg@ mL-1 , 20 μg@ mL...AIM: To investigate the effects of IH764-3 on HSC apoptosis,and the expression of caspase-3 protein in HSC apoptoticprocess.METHODS: HSCs were cultured in medium with differentIH764-3 doses ( 10 μg@ mL-1 , 20 μg@ mL-1 , 30 μg@ mL-1,40μg @mL-1) and without IH764-3, and HSC proliferation wasquantitatively measured by 3 H-thymidine incorporation. Themorphological changes of HSCs were observed withtransmission electron microscope after exposure to the doseof 40 μg@ mL-1 of IH764-3 for 48 hr, The apoptosis rates weredetected by annexin V/PI and TdT-mediated dUTP nick endlabeling (TUNEL). The expression of caspase-3 protein wasdetermined by flow cytometry.RESULTS: (1) HSC proliferation rates induced with differentIH764-3 doses ( 10 μg@ mL-1 , 20 μg@ mL-1 , 30 μg@ mL-1 , 40 μg@mL-1) were significantly reduced compared with that of thecontrol group ( P＜ 0.01). (2)With the doses above, IH764-3dose-dependently produced HSC apoptosis rates of 6.7 %(9.4%),9.3 %(21.6 %),15.1%(27.2 %) and 19.0 %(28.4 %)respectively, by annexin V and PI-labeled flow cytometry assay(or TUlE L), while it was only 2.3 %(6.7 %) in the control. (3)The expression of caspase-3 protein in IH764-3 groups wassignificantly higher than that of the cortrol (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: Within the dose range used in present study,IH764-3 can inhibit HSC proliferation, as well as enhance HSCapoptosis. Furthermore, IH764-3 can significantly increasethe caspase-3 protein expression.展开更多
AIM: To seek the X associated protein (XAP) with theconstructed bait vector pAS2-1X from normal human livercDNA library.METHODS: The X region of the HBV gene was amplied byPCR and cloned into the eukaryotic expression...AIM: To seek the X associated protein (XAP) with theconstructed bait vector pAS2-1X from normal human livercDNA library.METHODS: The X region of the HBV gene was amplied byPCR and cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pAS2-l.The reconstituted plasmid pAS2-1X was transformed intothe yeast cells and the expression of X protein (pX) wasconfirmed by Western blot analysis. Yeast cells werecotransformed with pAS2-1X and the normal human livercDNA library and were grown in selective SC/-trp-leu-his-ade medium, the second screen was performed with theLacZ report gene. Furthermore, segregation analysis andmating experiment were performed to eliminate the falsepositive and the true positive clones were selected for PCRand sequencing.RESULTS: Reconstituted plasmid pAS2-1X including theanticipated fragment of X gene was proved by auto-sequencing assay. Western blot analysis showed thatreconstituted plasmid pAS2-1X expressed BD: X fusionprotein in yeast cells. Of 5 × 106 transformed coloniesscreened, 65 grew in the selective SC/-trp-leu-his-ademedium, 5 scored positive for β-gal activity, and only 2remaining clones passed through the segregation analysisand mating experiment. Sequence analysis identified thattwo clones contained similar cDNA fragment: GAACFFGCG.CONCLUSION: The short peptide (glutacid-leucine-alanine)is a possible required site for XAP binding to pX. Normalhuman liver cDNA library has difficulties in expressing theintegrated XAP on yeast cells.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the expression of NF-κBp65 protein and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and their correlation in gastric cancer and precancerous lesions.METHODS: Forty-one patients with primary gastr...AIM:To investigate the expression of NF-κBp65 protein and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and their correlation in gastric cancer and precancerous lesions.METHODS: Forty-one patients with primary gastric cancer,15 with dysplasia, 23 intestinal metaplasia and 10 with normal gastric mucosa were included in this study.Expression of NF-κBp65 protein,hTERT mRNA and protein were determined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:The rate of p65 expression in normal gastric mucosa, intestinal metaplasia,dysplasia and carcinoma was 0%, 34.78%, 53.33% and 60.98%,respectively,while the rate of hTERT mRNA expression was 10.00%,39.13%,66.67% and 85.37% and the rate of hTERT protein expression was 0%,30.43%,60.00% and 78.05%,respectively.All the three parameters were significantly increased in dysplasia and carcinoma compared to normal mucosa, while the expression levels were also significantly higher in carcinoma than in intestinal metaplasia (P<0.05).In gastric cancer tissues, nuclear staining rates of p65 and hTERT protein were both significantly associated with the degree of differentiation, lymph node metastasis,clinical stage and invasion depth (P<0.05).However,hTERT mRNA expression was only significantly associated with clinical stage.There was a positive correlation between p65 and hTERT mRNA(rs=0.661-0.752, P<0.01),and between hTERT protein and hTERT mRNA (rs=0.609-0.750, P<0.01).CONCLUSION: NF-κBp65 and hTERT expressions are upregulated at the early stage of gastric carcinogenesis.NF-κB activation may contribute to hTERT expression and thereby enhance telomerase activity, which represents an important step in carcinogenesis progress.展开更多
AIM: To examine the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TINP-1) in rat fibrotic liver and in normal rat hepatic stellate cells, and to investigate the chang...AIM: To examine the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TINP-1) in rat fibrotic liver and in normal rat hepatic stellate cells, and to investigate the changes in their expressions in response to treatment with interleukin-10 (IL-10) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF).METHODS: Rat models of CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis were established and the liver tissues were sampled from the rats with or without IL-10 treatment, and also from the control rats. The expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in liver tissues were detected by S-P immunohistochemistry, and their expression intensities were evaluated in different groups. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were isolated from normal rat and cultured in vitro prior to exposure to PDGF treatment or co-treatment with IL-10 and PDGF. MMP-2 and TIMP-1 levels were measured by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).RESULTS: CCl4- induced rat hepatic fibrosis models were successfully established. The positive expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 increased obviously with the development of hepatic fibrosis, especially in untreated model group (84.0% and 92.0%, P<0.01). The positive signals decreased significantly following IL-10 treatment (39.3% and 71.4%,P<0.01 and P<0.05) in a time-dependent manner. TIMP-1 mRNA in PDGF-treated group was significantly increased time-dependently in comparison with that of the control group, but PDGF did not obviously affect MMP-2 expression.No difference was noted in TIMP-1 and MMP-2 expressions in HSCs after IL-10 and PDGF treatment (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: MMP-2 and TIMP-1 expressions increase in liver tissues with the development of fibrosis, which can be inhibited by exogenous IL-10 inhibitor. PDGF induces the up-regulation of TIMP-1 but not MMP-2 in the HSCs.IL-10 inhibits TIMP-1 and MMP-2 expressions in HSCs induced by PDGF.展开更多
AIM:Osteopontin (OPN) is a phosphorylated glycoprotein with diverse functions including cancer development,progression and metastasis. It is unclear how osteopontin is regulated in HepG2 cells.The aim of this study wa...AIM:Osteopontin (OPN) is a phosphorylated glycoprotein with diverse functions including cancer development,progression and metastasis. It is unclear how osteopontin is regulated in HepG2 cells.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of epidermal growth factor on the expression of osteopontin in HepG2 cells, and to explore the signal transduction pathway mediated this expression.METHODS: Osteopontin expression was detected by RNAase protection assay and Western blot. Wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of PI3K, was used to see if PI3K signal transduction was involved in the induction of osteopontin gene expression.RESULTS:HepG2 cells constitutively expressed low levels of osteopontin.Treatment with epidermal growth factor increased osteopontin mRNA and protein level in a doseand time-dependent manner.Application of wortmannin caused a dramatic reduction of epidermal growth factorinduced osteopontin expression.CONCLUSION:Osteopontin gene expression can be induced by treatment of HepG2 cells with epidermal growth factor.Epidermal growth factor may regulate osteopontin gene expression through PI3K signaling pathway. Several potential targets in the pathway can be manipulated to block the synthesis of osteopontin and inhibit liver cancer metastasis.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the value of miniprobe sonography (MPS),spiral CT and MR imaging (MRI) in the tumor and regionallymph nocle staging of esophageal cancer.METHODS: Eight-six patients (56 men and 30 women; agerange of 3...AIM: To evaluate the value of miniprobe sonography (MPS),spiral CT and MR imaging (MRI) in the tumor and regionallymph nocle staging of esophageal cancer.METHODS: Eight-six patients (56 men and 30 women; agerange of 39-73 years, mean 62 years) with esophagealcarcinoma were staged .preoperatively with imagingmodalities. Of them, 81 (94 %) had squamous cell carcinoma,4(5 %) adenocarcinoma, and 1(1%) adenoacanthoma.Eleven patients (12 %) had malignancy of the upper onethird, 41 (48 %) of the mid-esophagus and 34 (40 %) ofthe distal one third. Forty-one were examined by spiral CTin whom 13 were co-examined by MPS, and forty-five byMRI in whom 18 were also co-examined by MPS. Theseimaging results were compared with the findings of thehistopathologic examination for resected specimens.RESULTS: In staging the depth of tumor growth, MPS wassignificantly more accurate (84 %) than spiral CT and MRI(68 % and 60 %, respectively, P＜0.05). The specificity andsensitivity were 82 % and 85 % for MPS; 60 % and 69 % forspiral CT; and 40 % and 63 % for MRI, respectively. In stagingregional lymph nodes, spiral CT was more accurate (78 %)than MPS and MRI (71% and 64 %, respectively), but thedifference was not statistically significant. The specificity andsensitivity were 79 % and 77 % for spiral CT; 75 % and 68 %for MPS; and 68 % and 62 % for MRI, respectively.CONCLUSION:MPS is superior to spiral CT or MRI for Tstaging, especially in early esophageal cancer. However,the three modalities have the similar accuracy in N staging.Spiral CT or MRI is helpful for the detection of far-distancemetastasis in esophageal cancer.展开更多
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Chinese PLA,during the 10th-Five-Year Plan Period,No.01MA172
文摘AIM: To study the effect of NF-κB, survivin, Bd-2 and Caspase3 on tumor necrosis factors related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) induced apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. METHODS: Gastric cancer cells of SGC-7901, MKN28, MKN45 and AGS lines were cultured in PRMI-1640 medium and the apoptosis rates of the cells of 4 lines were observed after treatment of tumor necrosis factors related apoptosis indudng ligand (TRAIL) with a flow cytometer. The expression of NF-κB, survivin, Bcl-2 and Caspase3 in gastric cancer cells of 4 lines was analyzed with Western blot. RESULTS: After the gastric cancer cells were exposed to TRAIL 300 ng/ml for 24 hours, the apoptosis rate was 36.05%, 20.27%, 16.50% and 11.80% in MKN28, MKN45,AGS and SC-C-7901cells respectively. Western blot revealed that the expressions of NF-EB and survivin were lower in MKN28 cells than in MKN45, AGS and SGC-7901 cells. In contrast, the expression of Caspase3 was higher in MKN28 cells than in MKN45, AGS and SGC-7901 cells. CONCLUSION: There is a selectivity of TRAIL potency to induce apoptosis in gastric cancer cells of different cell lines.The anticancer potency of TRAIL is associated with the decreased expression of NF-κB and survivin and increased expression of Caspase3 of gastric cancer cells.
文摘AIM: To test the hypothesis that introduction of antisense TβR Ⅰ and TβR Ⅱ eukaryotic expressing plasmids into a rat model of immunologically induced liver fibrosis might block the action of TGF-β1 and halt the progression of liver fibrosis. METHODS: RT-Nest-PCR and gene recombination techniques were used to construct rat antisense TβR Ⅰ and TβR Ⅱ recombinant plasmids which could be expressed in eukaryotic cells. The recombinant plasmids and empty vector (pcDNA3) were encapsulated by glycosyl-poly-L-lysine and then transducted into rats of pig serum-induced liver fibrosis model. Expression of exogenously transfected gene was assessed by Northern blot, and hepatic expressions of TβR Ⅰ and TβR Ⅱ were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blot.We also performed ELISA for serum TGF-β1, hydroxyproline of hepatic tissues, immunohistochemistry for collagen types Ⅰ and Ⅲ, and VG staining for pathological study of the liver tissues. RESULTS: The exogenous antisense TβR Ⅰ and TβR Ⅱ plasmids could be well expressed in vivo, and block mRNA and protein expression of TβR Ⅰ and TβR Ⅱ in the fibrotic liver at the level of mRNA respectively. These exogenous plasmid expressions reduced the level of TGF-β1 (antisense TβR Ⅰ group 23.998+3.045 ng/mL, antisense TβR Ⅱ group 23.156+3.131 ng/mL, disease control group 32.960+3.789 ng/mL; F-=-38.19, 36.73, P<0.01). Compared with disease control group, the contents of hepatic hydroxyproline (antisense TβR Ⅰ group 0.169+0.015 mg/g liver, antisense TβR Ⅱ group 0.167+0.009 mg/g liver, disease control group 0.296+0.026 mg/g liver; F=14.39, 15.48, P<0.01) and the deposition of collagen types Ⅰ and Ⅲ decreased in the two antisense treatment groups(antisense TβR Ⅰ group, collagen type Ⅰ 669.90+50.67, collagen type Ⅲ 657.29+49.48; antisense TβR Ⅱ group, collagen type Ⅰ 650.26+51.51, collagen type Ⅲ 661.58+55.28; disease control group, collagen type I 1209.44+116.60, collagen type Ⅲ 1175.14+121.44; F=15.48 to 74.89, P<0.01). Their expression also improved the pathologic classification of liver fibrosis models (compared with disease control group, X^2=17.14, 17.24, P<0.01). No difference was found in the level of TGF-β1, the contents of hepatic hydroxyproline and collagen types Ⅰ and Ⅲ and pathologic grade between pcDNA3 control group and disease control group or between the two antisense treatment groups (F=0.11 to1.06, X^2=0.13 to 0.16, P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Antisense TβR Ⅰ and TβR Ⅱ recombinant plasmids have certain reverse effects on liver fibrosis and can be used as possible candidates for gene therapy.
基金Supported by Science and Technology fund of Fujian Province,No.2003D05
文摘AIM: To observe the possible effects of transforming growth factor (TGF) β1, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor-necrosis factor (TNF) α and IL-10 on experimental rat hepatic fibrosis. METHODS: One hundred SD rats were divided randomly into the three groups. Control group received intraperitoneal injection of saline (2 ml-kg^-1), twice a week. Fibrogenesis group was injected intraperitoneally with 50% carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) (2 ml-kg^-1) twice a week. Fibrosisintervention group was given IL-10 at a dose of 4 μg-kg^-1 20 minutes before CCI4 administration from the third week.At the fifth, seventh, and ninth weeks, 7 to 10 rats in each group were sacrificed to collect serum. Levels of TGF-β1,TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were determined by enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay (ELISA). The liver tissues were taken for routine histological examination. RESULTS: Hepatic fibrosis was developed with the injection of CCI4. Values of the circulating TGFβ, TNFα, IL-6 and IL-10 in the control group were 25.495.56 ng.L^-1, 15.18±3.83ng.L^-1, 63.64±13.03 ng.L-^1 and 132.90±12.13 ng.L^-1,respectively. Their levels in the CCI4-intoxication group were 31.13±6.41 ng.L^-1, 18.91±5.31 ng.L^-1, 89.08±25.39 ng.L^-1 and 57.63±18.88 ng.L^-1, respectively, and those in the IL-10-intervention group were 26.11±5.32 ng.L^-1,13.99±1.86 ng.L^-1,74.71±21.15 ng.L^-1 and 88.19±20.81 ng.L^-1, respectively. A gradual increase was observed in the levels of TGFβ1, TNFα and IL-6 during hepatic fibrogenesis. These changes were pardally reversed by simultaneous administration of IL-10. The histological parameters, characterized by CCl4-intoxificatJon,also seemed to be improved with IL-10 treatment, the collagen production was reduced at the ninth week and the histological activity index was decreased from 7.9±1.2 to 4.7±0.9. CONCLUSION: TGFβ1, TNFα and IL-6 may play important roles during CCI4-induced hepatic fibrogenesis, and IL-10 may counterbalance their effects.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Fundation of FujianProvince,No.2003D05
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) on Fas/Fas-ligand and Bcl-2/Bax mRNA expressions in rat hepatic stellate cells.METHODS: Rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were isolated and purified from rat liver by in situ digestion of collagenase and pronase and single-step density Nycodenz gradient.After activated by culture in vitro, HSCs were divided into 4 groups and treated with nothing (group N), PDGF (group P),IL-10 (group I) and PDGF in combinalJon with IL-10 (group C),respectively. Semi-quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was employed to compare the mRNA expression levels of Fas/FasL and Bcl-2/Bax in HSCs of each group.RESULTS: The expression levels of Fas between the 4 groups had no significant differences (P>0.05). FasL mRNA level in normal culture-activated HSCs (group N) was very low.It increased obviously after HSCs were treated with IL-10(group I) (0.091±0.007 vs 0.385±0.051, P<0.01), but remained the low level after treated with PDGF alone (group P)or PDGF in combination with IL-10 (group C). Contrast to the control group, after treated with PDGF and IL-10, either alone or in combination, Bcl-2 mRNA expression was downregulated and Bax mRNA expression was up-regulated, both following the turn from group P, group I to group C.Expression of Bcl-2 mRNA in group C was significantly lower than that in group P (0.126±0.008 vs0.210±0.024, P<0.01).But no significant difference was found between group C and group I, as well as between group I and group P (P>0.05).Similarly, the expression of Bax in group C was higher than that in group P (0.513±0.016 vs0.400±0.022, P<0.01).No significant difference was found between group I and group P (P>0.05). But compared with group C, Bax expressions in group I tended to decrease (0.449±0.028 vs 0.513±0.016,P<0.05).CONCLUSION: PDGF may promote proliferation of HSCs but is neutral with respect to HSC apoptosis. IL-10 may promote the apoptosis of HSCs by up-regulating the expressions of FasL and Bax and down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2, which may be involved in its antifibrosis mechanism.
文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver in a specific population in Shanghai by an epidemiological survey, and to analyze risk factors of fatty liver.METHODS: Total 4009 administrative officers who denied regular alcohol drinking participated in the survey, and underwent physical examination and laboratory tests. The important parameters were body mass index (BMI), waist hip circumferences ratio (WHR) and levels of serum lipids.Diagnosis of fatty liver was based on established real-time ultrasonographic criteria, the presence of an ultrasonographic pattern consistent with 'bright liver', with evident ultrasonographic contrast between hepatic and renal parenchyma, vessel blurring, and narrowing of the lumen of the hepatic veins. Analysis of data was performed through SPSS for Windows statistical package.RESULTS: The overall prevalence of fatty liver was 12.9 %,15.8 % in males and 7.5 % in females, and the prevalence of fatty liver in males younger than 50 years old, was significantly higher (13.3 %) than that of in females (2.7 %).But the difference between the sexes became less significant in people older than 50 years (19.1% vs 18.1%). The prevalence of fatty liver was increased with age; this was markedly presented in females younger than 50 years.Multiple variant regression analysis demonstrated that the prevalence of fatty liver was positively correlated to several risk factors, including male, aging (＞50yr), hyperlipidemia,impaired glucose tolerance/diabetes mellitus, hypertension and overweight/obesity.CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver among certain population in Shanghai, to which overweight and hyperlipidemia are closely relevant.
基金Supported by The Endoscope Center of the People’s Hospital of Henan Province Zhengzhou China
文摘AIM: To investigate whether there were symptom-based tendencies in the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication in functional dyspepsia (FD) patients. METHODS: A randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled study of H. pylori eradication for FD was conduct- ed. A total of 195 FD patients with H. pylori infection were divided into two groups: 98 patients in the treatment group were treated with rabeprazole 10 mg twice daily for 2 wk, amoxicillin 1.0 g and clarithromycin 0.5 g twice daily for 1 wk; 97 patients in the placebo group were given placebos as control. Symptoms of FD, such as postprandial fullness, early satiety, nausea, belching,epigastric pain and epigastric burning, were assessed 3 mo after H. pylori eradication. RESULTS: By per-protocol analysis in patients with successful H. pylori eradication, higher effective rates of 77.2% and 82% were achieved in the patients with epigastric pain and epigastric burning than those in the placebo group (P < 0.05). The effective rates for postprandial fullness, early satiety, nausea and belching were 46%, 36%, 52.5% and 33.3%, respectively, and there was no significant difference from the placebo group (39.3%, 27.1%, 39.1% and 31.4%) (P > 0.05). In 84 patients who received H. pylori eradication therapy, the effective rates for epigastric pain (73.8%) and epigastric burning (80.7%) were higher than those in the placebo group (P < 0.05). The effective rates for postprandial fullness, early satiety, nausea and belch- ing were 41.4%, 33.3%, 50% and 31.4%, respective- ly, and did not differ from those in the placebo group (P > 0.05). By intention-to-treat analysis, patients with epigastric pain and epigastric burning in the treatment group achieved higher effective rates of 60.8% and 65.7% than the placebo group (33.3% and 31.8%) (P < 0.05). The effective rates for postprandial fullness, early satiety, nausea and belching were 34.8%, 27.9%, 41.1% and 26.7% respectively in the treatment group, with no significant difference from those in the placebo group (34.8%, 23.9%, 35.3% and 27.1%) (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The efficacy of H. pylori eradication has symptom-based tendencies in FD patients. It may be effective in the subgroup of FD patients with epigastric pain syndrome.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the potential role of Nimesulide, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, in proliferation and apoptosis of gastric adenocarcinoma cells SGC7901.METHODS: Cell counts and MYT assay were used to quantify the influence of Nimesulide in the proliferation of SGC7901cells. Transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry were used to observe the induction of Nimesulide the apoptosis of SGC7901 cells and influence in the distribution of cell cycle. The expression of P27kipl protein was observed by immunocytochemical staining.RESULTS: SGC-7901 Cells treated with Nimesulide at various concentrations exhibited a profound dose- and timedependent reduction in the proliferation rate over the 72 h test period. The highest survival rate of the cells was 78.7 %,but the lowest being 22.7 %. Nimesulide induced apoptosis of the cells in a dose-dependent and non-linear manner and increased the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase and decreased the proportion in the S and G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Meanwhile, Nimesulide could up-regulate the expression of P27kipl protein.CONCLUSION: The induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest are both anti-proliferative responses that likely contribute to the antineoplastic action of nimesulide on SGC7901 cells. The up-regulation of P27kipl gene may contribute to the accumulation of these cells in the G0/G1 phase following treatment with Nimesulide. Selective COX-2 inhibitor may be a new channel of the chemoprevention and chemotherapy for gastric carcinoma.
文摘AIM: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disorder in the Western population, but detailed population-based data in China are limited. The aim of this study was to understand the epidemiology of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux (SGER) in adults of Xi'an, a northwestern city of China, and to explore the potential risk factors of GERD. METHODS: Symptoms suggestive of GERD, functional dyspepsia (FD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), upper respiratory diseases and some potential risk factors were investigated in a face-to-face manner in a region-stratified random samples of 2 789 residents aged 18-70 years in Xi'an by using a standardized questionnaire. METHODS: With a response rate of 91.8%, the prevalence of SGER was 16.98% (95% CI, 14.2-18.92) in Xi'an adults, and no gender-related difference was observed (P<0.05). SGER was more common among subjects aged 30-70 years than in those aged 18-29 years (P<0.01). The prevalence of SGER in rural, urban and suburban subjects was 21.07%, 17.44% and 12.12%, respectively, and there was a significant difference between rural, urban and suburban regions (P<0.05). Compared with subjects without SGER, the prevalence of symptoms suggestive of FD and IBS, pneumonia, asthma, bronchitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis, chronic cough, wheeze, globus sensation, oral ulcer and snore was significantly increased in subjects with SGER (P<0.01). Heavy smoking (OR=5.76; CI, 3.70-6.67), heavy alcohol use (OR=2.85; CI, 1.67-4.49), peplJc ulcer (OR=5.76; CI, 3.99-8.32), cerebral palsy (OR=3.97; CI, 1.97-8.00), abdominal operation (OR=2.69; CI, 1.75-4.13), obesity(OR=2.16; CI, 1.47-3.16), excessive food intake (OR= 1.43;CI, 1.17-1.15), sweet food (OR=1.23; CI, 0.89-1.54), and consumption of coffee (OR= 1.23; CI, 0.17-2.00) were independently associated with SGER. The episodes of GERD were commonly precipitated by dietary factors (66.05%), followed by body posture (26.54%), ill temper (23.72%), fatigue (22.32%) and stress (10.93%). CONCLUSION: GERD is common in Xi'an's adult population with a mild or moderate degree. The etiology and pathogenesis of GERD are probably associated with FD, IBS, and some respiratory, laryngopharyngeal and odontostological diseases or symptoms. Some lifestyles, diseases and dietary factors are the risk factors of GERD.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Project of Fujian Educational Committee, No. JA04198
文摘AIM: To investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in hepatic fibrosis and the antifibrogenic role of exogenous interleukin-10 (IL-10).METHODS: Hepatic fibrosis was induced by CCl4administration and 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group (group N, 8rats), CCl4-induced group (group C, 28 rats) and IL-10-treated group (group I, 24 rats). At the beginning of the 7th and 11th wk, rats in each group were routinely perfused with pronase E and type Ⅳ collagenase through portal vein catheter and the suspension was centrifuged by 11%Nycodenz density gradient to isolate hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). RT-PCR was used to analyze mRNA of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 from freshly isolated cells. Densitometric data were standardized with β-actin signals. Immunocytochemistry was performed to detect MMP-2 and TIMP-1 expression in HSC cultured for 72 h.RESULTS: Compared to group N in the 7th wk, MMP-2and TIMP-1 mRNA increased in group C (P= 0.001/0.001)and group I (P = 0.001/0.009). The level of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 mRNA in group I was significantly lower than that in group C (P= 0.001/0.001). In the 11th wk, MMP-2 mRNAin group I was still lower than that in group C (P = 0.005),but both dropped compared with that in the 7th week (P = 0.001/0.004). TIMP-1 mRNA in group I was still lower than that in group C (P= 0.001), and increased in group C (P = 0.001) while decreased in group I (P = 0.042)compared with that in the 7th wk. Same results were found by immunocytochemistry.CONCLUSION: Expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 is increased in hepatic fibrosis. IL-10 exhibits an antifibrogenic effect by suppressing MMP-2 and TIMP-1 expression.
文摘AIM:To detect the micrometastasis of gastric carcinoma in peripheral blood circulation using immunomagnetic beads sorting technique and RT-PCR technique,and to discuss its significance and the difference between the two methods.METHODS:Density gradient centrifugation was used to isolate mononuclear cells from peripheral blood,immunomagnetic beads sorting technique and RT-PCR technique were used to detect the disseminated carcinoma cells.HE,immunocytochemical and immunofluorescence staining were also used to identify the characteristics of the cells separated with immunomagnetic beads sorting technique.RESULTS:Cells expressing cytokeratin were separated and enriched from the peripheral blood specimens of patients suffering from gastric carcinoma or chronic gastritis. After HE staining, two kinds of ceils with little cytoplasm were found.Majority of these cells had small and round nuclei, even chromatins and the thickness of nuclear membrane was normal. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that there were CD34 and CD45 expression on the cell membrane ofthis kind of cells and these cells also showed expressed human telomerase reverse transcriptase by immunofluorescence staining, but the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen was absent.So,these cells might hematopoiesis precursors.Another kind of cells had larger and abnormal nuclei with thicker nuclear membranes. Massed chromatins and polynudeoli were found in the nudei. These cells expressed human telomerase reverse transcriptase and carcinoembryonic antigen,but CD34 and CD45 were not found on the cell membrane.So,these cells were considered as gastric carcinoma cells escaping from the original focuses and existing in the peripheral blood circulation.Cardnoma cells were found in 25 of 60(41.7%) specimens of peripheral blood from patients with gastric carcinoma, while there were no such cells separated from the blood specimens of chronic gastritis patients.The difference of positive rates of disseminated carcinoma cells between two groups was markedly significant (P<0.005).The expressions of CK20 mRNA in peripheral blood specimens were examinated withRT-PCR. CK20 mRNA was detected from 32 of 60(53.3%) peripheral blood specimens in the group of gastric carcinoma patients,while none of the specimens from patients suffering from chronic gastritis had CK20 mRNA. Significant difference was also found between two groups (P<0.005).Statistic analyses also showed that there was a significant difference between the positive rates of two methods in detecting the disseminated carcinoma cells from the peripheral blood circulation of gastric carcinoma patients (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The results demonstrated that there were disseminated carcinoma cells in the peripheral blood circulation of some patients with gastric carcinoma.Disseminated carcinoma cells can be detected from the peripheral blood samples with immunomagnetic beads sorting technique and RT-PCR technique.The positive rate of RT-PCR technique is higher than that of immunomagnetic beads sorting technique in detecting micrometastasis.
基金Supported by Shanghai Education Committee Foundation, No.024119114
文摘AIM: To investigate the difference in activation of STAT3signaling between two human stomach adenocarcinoma cell lines: 5-fluorouracil resistant cell line and its parental cell line, and to evaluate its relationship with the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).METHODS: Western blot and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) were used to detect the expression of phospho-STAT3 protein and constitutive activation of STAT3in two human stomach adenocarcinoma cell lines, 5-fluorouracil resistant cell line SGC7901/R and its parental cell line SGC7901, respectively. The mRNA expression of VEGF was analysed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The expressive intensity of VEGF protein was measured by immunocytochemistry.RESULTS: The expressions of phospho-STAT3 protein and constitutive activation of ST AT3 between two human stomach adenocarcinoma cell lines were different.Compared with the parental cell line SGC7901, the STAT3-DNA binding activity and the expressive intensity of phospho-STAT3 protein were lower in the drug-resistant cell line SGC7901/R. The expression levels of VEGF mRNA and its encoded protein were also decreased in drugresistant cell line.CONCLUSION: Over-expression of VEGF may be correlated with elevated STAT3 activation in parental cell line. Lower VEGF expression may be correlated with decreased STAT3activation in resistant cell line, which may have resulted from negative feedback regulation of STAT signaling.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the histological features of gastric mucosa, including Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with early gastric cancer and endoscopically found superficial gastritis, gastric erosion, erosive gastritis,gastric ulcer.METHODS: The biopsy specimens were taken from the antrum, corpus and upper angulus of all the patients.Giemsa staining, improved toluidine-blue staining, and H pylori-specific antibody immune staining were performed as appropriate for the histological diagnosis of H pylori infection. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used for the histological diagnosis of gastric mucosa inflammation, gastric glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia and scored into four grades according to the Updated Sydney System.RESULTS: The overall prevalence of H pylori infection in superficial gastritis was 28.7%, in erosive gastritis 57.7%,in gastric erosion 63.3%, in gastric ulcer 80.8%, in early gastric cancer 52.4%. There was significant difference (P＜0.05), except for the difference between early gastric cancer and erosive gastritis. H pylori infection rate in antrum, corpus, angulus of patients with superficial gastritis was 25.9%, 26.2%, 25.2%, respectively; in patients with erosive gastritis 46.9%, 53.5%, 49.0%,respectively; in patients with gastric erosion 52.4%, 61.5%,52.4%, respectively; in patients with gastric ulcer 52.4%,61.5%, 52.4%, respectively; in patients with early gastric cancer 35.0%, 50.7%, 34.6%, respectively. No significant difference was found among the different site biopsies in superficial gastritis, but in the other diseases the detected rates were higher in corpus biopsy (P＜0.05). The grades of mononuclear cell infiltration and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration, in early gastric cancer patients, were significantly higher than that in superficial gastritis patients, lower than that in gastric erosion and gastric ulcer patients (P＜0.01);however, there was no significant difference compared with erosive gastritis. The grades of mucosa glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were significantly highest in early gastric cancer, lower in gastric ulcer, the next were erosive gastritis, gastric erosion, the lowest in superficial gastritis (P＜0.01). Furthermore, 53.3% and 51.4% showed glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in angular biopsy specimens, respectively; but only 40.3%and 39.9% were identified in antral biopsy, and 14.1%and 13.6% in corpus biopsy; therefore, the angulus was more reliable for the diagnosis of glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia compared with antrum and corpus (P＜0.01). The positivity rate of glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia of superficial gastritis with H pyloripositivity was 50.7%, 34.1%; of erosive gastritis 76.1%,63.0%; of gastric erosion 84.8%, 87.8%; of gastric ulcer 80.6%, 90.9%; and of early gastric cancer 85.5%, 85.3%,respectively. The positivity rate of glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia of superficial gastritis with H pylorinegativity was 9.9%, 6.9%; of erosive gastritis 42.5%,42.1%; of gastric erosion 51.1%, 61.9%; of gastric ulcer 29.8%, 25.5%; and of early gastric cancer 84.0%,86.0%,respectively. The positivity rate of glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia of superficial gastritis, erosive gastritis, gastric erosion, and gastric ulcer patients with H pylori positivity was significantly higher than those with H pylori negativity (P＜0.01); however, there was no significant difference in patients with early gastric cancer with or without H pylori infection.CONCLUSION: The progression of the gastric pre-cancerous lesions, glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in superficial gastritis, gastric erosion, erosive gastritis and gastric ulcer was strongly related to H pylori infection. In depth studies are needed to evaluate whether eradication of H pylori infection will really diminish the risk of gastric cancer.
文摘AIM: To investigate the relationship between gastric dysmotility,gastrointestinal hormone abnormalities, and neuroendocrine cells in gastrointestinal mucosa in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD).METHODS: Gastric emptying was assessed with solid radiopaque markers in 54 FD patients, and the patients were divided into two groups according to the results, one with delayed gastric emptying and the other with normal gastric emptying. Seventeen healthy volunteers acted as normal controls. Fasting and postprandial plasma levels and gastroduodenal mucosal levels of gastrointestinal hormones gastrin, somatostatin (SS) and neurotensin (NT)were measured by radioimmunoassay in all the subjects.G cells (gastrin-producing cells) and D cells (SS-producing cells) in gastric antral mucosa were immunostained with rabbit anti-gastrin polyclonal antibody and rabbit anti-SS polyclonal antibody, respectively, and analyzed quantitatively by computerized image analysis.RESULTS: The postprandial plasma gastrin levels, the fasting and postprandial plasma levels and the gastric and duodenal mucosal levels of NT were significantly higher in the FD patients with delayed gastric emptying than in those with normal gastric emptying and normal controls. The number and gray value of G and D cells and the G cell/D cell number ratio did not differ significantly between normal controls and the FD patients with or without delayed gastric emptying.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the abnormalities of gastrin and NT may play a role in the pathophysiology of gastric dysmotility in FD patients, and the abnormality of postprandial plasma gastrin levels in FD patients with delayed gastric emptying is not related to the changes both in the number and gray value of G cells and in the G cell/D cell number ratio in gastric antral mucosa.
基金Fund of the Scientific and Technical Department of Hebei Province,No.01276134
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of IH764-3 on HSC apoptosis,and the expression of caspase-3 protein in HSC apoptoticprocess.METHODS: HSCs were cultured in medium with differentIH764-3 doses ( 10 μg@ mL-1 , 20 μg@ mL-1 , 30 μg@ mL-1,40μg @mL-1) and without IH764-3, and HSC proliferation wasquantitatively measured by 3 H-thymidine incorporation. Themorphological changes of HSCs were observed withtransmission electron microscope after exposure to the doseof 40 μg@ mL-1 of IH764-3 for 48 hr, The apoptosis rates weredetected by annexin V/PI and TdT-mediated dUTP nick endlabeling (TUNEL). The expression of caspase-3 protein wasdetermined by flow cytometry.RESULTS: (1) HSC proliferation rates induced with differentIH764-3 doses ( 10 μg@ mL-1 , 20 μg@ mL-1 , 30 μg@ mL-1 , 40 μg@mL-1) were significantly reduced compared with that of thecontrol group ( P＜ 0.01). (2)With the doses above, IH764-3dose-dependently produced HSC apoptosis rates of 6.7 %(9.4%),9.3 %(21.6 %),15.1%(27.2 %) and 19.0 %(28.4 %)respectively, by annexin V and PI-labeled flow cytometry assay(or TUlE L), while it was only 2.3 %(6.7 %) in the control. (3)The expression of caspase-3 protein in IH764-3 groups wassignificantly higher than that of the cortrol (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: Within the dose range used in present study,IH764-3 can inhibit HSC proliferation, as well as enhance HSCapoptosis. Furthermore, IH764-3 can significantly increasethe caspase-3 protein expression.
文摘AIM: To seek the X associated protein (XAP) with theconstructed bait vector pAS2-1X from normal human livercDNA library.METHODS: The X region of the HBV gene was amplied byPCR and cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pAS2-l.The reconstituted plasmid pAS2-1X was transformed intothe yeast cells and the expression of X protein (pX) wasconfirmed by Western blot analysis. Yeast cells werecotransformed with pAS2-1X and the normal human livercDNA library and were grown in selective SC/-trp-leu-his-ade medium, the second screen was performed with theLacZ report gene. Furthermore, segregation analysis andmating experiment were performed to eliminate the falsepositive and the true positive clones were selected for PCRand sequencing.RESULTS: Reconstituted plasmid pAS2-1X including theanticipated fragment of X gene was proved by auto-sequencing assay. Western blot analysis showed thatreconstituted plasmid pAS2-1X expressed BD: X fusionprotein in yeast cells. Of 5 × 106 transformed coloniesscreened, 65 grew in the selective SC/-trp-leu-his-ademedium, 5 scored positive for β-gal activity, and only 2remaining clones passed through the segregation analysisand mating experiment. Sequence analysis identified thattwo clones contained similar cDNA fragment: GAACFFGCG.CONCLUSION: The short peptide (glutacid-leucine-alanine)is a possible required site for XAP binding to pX. Normalhuman liver cDNA library has difficulties in expressing theintegrated XAP on yeast cells.
文摘AIM:To investigate the expression of NF-κBp65 protein and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and their correlation in gastric cancer and precancerous lesions.METHODS: Forty-one patients with primary gastric cancer,15 with dysplasia, 23 intestinal metaplasia and 10 with normal gastric mucosa were included in this study.Expression of NF-κBp65 protein,hTERT mRNA and protein were determined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:The rate of p65 expression in normal gastric mucosa, intestinal metaplasia,dysplasia and carcinoma was 0%, 34.78%, 53.33% and 60.98%,respectively,while the rate of hTERT mRNA expression was 10.00%,39.13%,66.67% and 85.37% and the rate of hTERT protein expression was 0%,30.43%,60.00% and 78.05%,respectively.All the three parameters were significantly increased in dysplasia and carcinoma compared to normal mucosa, while the expression levels were also significantly higher in carcinoma than in intestinal metaplasia (P<0.05).In gastric cancer tissues, nuclear staining rates of p65 and hTERT protein were both significantly associated with the degree of differentiation, lymph node metastasis,clinical stage and invasion depth (P<0.05).However,hTERT mRNA expression was only significantly associated with clinical stage.There was a positive correlation between p65 and hTERT mRNA(rs=0.661-0.752, P<0.01),and between hTERT protein and hTERT mRNA (rs=0.609-0.750, P<0.01).CONCLUSION: NF-κBp65 and hTERT expressions are upregulated at the early stage of gastric carcinogenesis.NF-κB activation may contribute to hTERT expression and thereby enhance telomerase activity, which represents an important step in carcinogenesis progress.
基金Supported by the'Science and Technology Fund of Fujian Province,No.2003D05
文摘AIM: To examine the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TINP-1) in rat fibrotic liver and in normal rat hepatic stellate cells, and to investigate the changes in their expressions in response to treatment with interleukin-10 (IL-10) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF).METHODS: Rat models of CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis were established and the liver tissues were sampled from the rats with or without IL-10 treatment, and also from the control rats. The expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in liver tissues were detected by S-P immunohistochemistry, and their expression intensities were evaluated in different groups. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were isolated from normal rat and cultured in vitro prior to exposure to PDGF treatment or co-treatment with IL-10 and PDGF. MMP-2 and TIMP-1 levels were measured by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).RESULTS: CCl4- induced rat hepatic fibrosis models were successfully established. The positive expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 increased obviously with the development of hepatic fibrosis, especially in untreated model group (84.0% and 92.0%, P<0.01). The positive signals decreased significantly following IL-10 treatment (39.3% and 71.4%,P<0.01 and P<0.05) in a time-dependent manner. TIMP-1 mRNA in PDGF-treated group was significantly increased time-dependently in comparison with that of the control group, but PDGF did not obviously affect MMP-2 expression.No difference was noted in TIMP-1 and MMP-2 expressions in HSCs after IL-10 and PDGF treatment (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: MMP-2 and TIMP-1 expressions increase in liver tissues with the development of fibrosis, which can be inhibited by exogenous IL-10 inhibitor. PDGF induces the up-regulation of TIMP-1 but not MMP-2 in the HSCs.IL-10 inhibits TIMP-1 and MMP-2 expressions in HSCs induced by PDGF.
文摘AIM:Osteopontin (OPN) is a phosphorylated glycoprotein with diverse functions including cancer development,progression and metastasis. It is unclear how osteopontin is regulated in HepG2 cells.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of epidermal growth factor on the expression of osteopontin in HepG2 cells, and to explore the signal transduction pathway mediated this expression.METHODS: Osteopontin expression was detected by RNAase protection assay and Western blot. Wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of PI3K, was used to see if PI3K signal transduction was involved in the induction of osteopontin gene expression.RESULTS:HepG2 cells constitutively expressed low levels of osteopontin.Treatment with epidermal growth factor increased osteopontin mRNA and protein level in a doseand time-dependent manner.Application of wortmannin caused a dramatic reduction of epidermal growth factorinduced osteopontin expression.CONCLUSION:Osteopontin gene expression can be induced by treatment of HepG2 cells with epidermal growth factor.Epidermal growth factor may regulate osteopontin gene expression through PI3K signaling pathway. Several potential targets in the pathway can be manipulated to block the synthesis of osteopontin and inhibit liver cancer metastasis.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the value of miniprobe sonography (MPS),spiral CT and MR imaging (MRI) in the tumor and regionallymph nocle staging of esophageal cancer.METHODS: Eight-six patients (56 men and 30 women; agerange of 39-73 years, mean 62 years) with esophagealcarcinoma were staged .preoperatively with imagingmodalities. Of them, 81 (94 %) had squamous cell carcinoma,4(5 %) adenocarcinoma, and 1(1%) adenoacanthoma.Eleven patients (12 %) had malignancy of the upper onethird, 41 (48 %) of the mid-esophagus and 34 (40 %) ofthe distal one third. Forty-one were examined by spiral CTin whom 13 were co-examined by MPS, and forty-five byMRI in whom 18 were also co-examined by MPS. Theseimaging results were compared with the findings of thehistopathologic examination for resected specimens.RESULTS: In staging the depth of tumor growth, MPS wassignificantly more accurate (84 %) than spiral CT and MRI(68 % and 60 %, respectively, P＜0.05). The specificity andsensitivity were 82 % and 85 % for MPS; 60 % and 69 % forspiral CT; and 40 % and 63 % for MRI, respectively. In stagingregional lymph nodes, spiral CT was more accurate (78 %)than MPS and MRI (71% and 64 %, respectively), but thedifference was not statistically significant. The specificity andsensitivity were 79 % and 77 % for spiral CT; 75 % and 68 %for MPS; and 68 % and 62 % for MRI, respectively.CONCLUSION:MPS is superior to spiral CT or MRI for Tstaging, especially in early esophageal cancer. However,the three modalities have the similar accuracy in N staging.Spiral CT or MRI is helpful for the detection of far-distancemetastasis in esophageal cancer.
