Background: The community based management of severe acute malnutrition (CMAM) was introduced in Ghana in 2008 to manage cases of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) recorded at the community level. This study estimated t...Background: The community based management of severe acute malnutrition (CMAM) was introduced in Ghana in 2008 to manage cases of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) recorded at the community level. This study estimated the economic cost of the CMAM programme for children under-five in the Agona west municipality of Ghana. Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study that used a cost analysis design was employed to estimate the economic cost of the programme from the societal perspective. Household cost data from caregivers were obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire. That of programme cost data was obtained from document reviews as well as the use of semi-structured questionnaires and subsequent discussions with key personnel of the Ghana Health Service, Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance and UNICEF. One and multi-way sensitivity analyses were conducted to test how sensitive the cost estimates are to certain variations in the cost profiles. Results: The economic household cost of CMAM was estimated as $1905.32 ($47.63 per household) of which 79% was attributed to direct cost while the remaining 21% made up indirect cost. Programme economic cost of CMAM was estimated as $27633.5 (96% recurrent and 4% capital), with refresher training constituting majority of the cost (34%). The constituents of the total economic cost of the programme, estimated as $32214.56 are programme cost (86%), household costs (6%) and community volunteer cost (8%). Therefore, the economic cost of treating one SAM case using the CMAM protocol was estimated as $805.36. Conclusion: Although CMAM has proven to be an effective tool for the management of SAM, its associated costs are quite enormous when coverage levels (geographic) are high yet small number of cases are detected and treated. Therefore, it is prudent to implement several cost saving strategies such as a reduction in the number of days spent on trainings in order to reduce these costs.展开更多
Objective:It was conducted to evaluate the susceptibility to ON(orthorexia nervosa)in the students of the nutrition and dietetics department according to the variables of gender,age and BMI(body massındex).Subjects an...Objective:It was conducted to evaluate the susceptibility to ON(orthorexia nervosa)in the students of the nutrition and dietetics department according to the variables of gender,age and BMI(body massındex).Subjects and Methods:The research covers the students of Marmara University Faculty of Health Sciences,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics in September-October 2017-2018 academic year.The data were collected by survey method.Socio-demographic characteristics and anthropometric measurements of the participants were questioned.EAT-40(Eating Attitude Test),ORTO-15 test and MOCI(Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory)were used in the study.It was evaluated with SPSS(The Statistical Package for The Social Sciences)21.0 program.Results:205 people participated in the study.EAT-40 scores were found to be≤20 in 94%of the women and 95.2%of the men in the study.The EAT-40 score is≥21 in 6%of women and 4.8%of men in the study(p=0.646>0.05).The ORTO-15 score of 72.3%of women and 71.4%of men is≤40(p=0.934>0.05).EAT-40 average is 10.25±1.10 in underweight.It was found to be 9.21±0.42 in normals and 8.23±0.76 in slightly obese subjects(p=0.758>0.05).ORTO-15 average of those with BMI≤18.49 kg/m2 is 39.59±0.54;Those with 18.50-24.99 kg/m2 were found to be 38.30±0.25 and those with 25.00-29.99 kg/m2 were found to be 39.54±0.75(p=0.098>0.05).As the EAT-40 score increased,the ORTO-15 score decreased.It shows a negative,statistically significant difference between EAT-40 and ORTO-15 scores(p=0.00<0.05).Conclusion:It was concluded that orthorexic tendency is common(72.2%)in nutrition dietetic students,and ON is associated with BMI and EAT-40 scores.In terms of ON,it would be beneficial to conduct comprehensive international studies and determine DSM(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)diagnostic criteria.展开更多
Background: High data quality provides correct and up-to-date information which is critical to ensure, not only for the maintenance of health care at an optimal level, but also for the provision of high-quality clinic...Background: High data quality provides correct and up-to-date information which is critical to ensure, not only for the maintenance of health care at an optimal level, but also for the provision of high-quality clinical care, continuing health care, clinical and health service research, and planning and management of health systems. For the attainment of achievable improvements in the health sector, good data is core. Aim/Objective: To assess the level of knowledge and practices of Community Health Nurses on data quality in the Ho municipality, Ghana. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was employed for the study, using a standard Likert scale questionnaire. A census was used to collect 77 Community Health Nurses’ information. The statistical software, Epi-Data 3.1 was used to enter the data and exported to STATA 12.0 for the analyses. Chi-square and logistic analyses were performed to establish associations between categorical variables and a p-value of less than 0.05 at 95% significance interval was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of the 77 Community Health Nurses studied, 49 (63.64%) had good knowledge on data accuracy, 51 (66.23%) out of the 77 Community Health Nurses studied had poor knowledge on data completeness, and 64 (83.12%) had poor knowledge on data timeliness out of the 77 studied. Also, 16 (20.78%) and 33 (42.86%) of the 77 Community Health Nurses responded there was no designated staff for data quality review and no feedback from the health directorate respectively. Out of the 16 health facilities studied for data quality practices, half (8, 50.00%) had missing values on copies of their previous months’ report forms. More so, 10 (62.50%) had no reminders (monthly data submission itineraries) at the facility level. Conclusion: Overall, the general level of knowledge of Community Health Nurses on data quality was poor and their practices for improving data quality at the facility level were woefully inadequate. Therefore, Community Health Nurses need to be given on-job training and proper education on data quality and its dimensions. Also, the health directorate should intensify its continuous supportive supervisory visits at all facilities and feedback should be given to the Community Health Nurses on the data submitted.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Despite the rapid development of pediatric intensive care medicine, there are still limited data in the literature regarding the follow-up of pediatric trauma patients in pediatric intensive care units(PIC...BACKGROUND: Despite the rapid development of pediatric intensive care medicine, there are still limited data in the literature regarding the follow-up of pediatric trauma patients in pediatric intensive care units(PICUs). In this study, we aim to evaluate our experience with children admitted and followed up with the diagnosis of trauma at our PICU.METHODS: We evaluated the retrospective data of 77 pediatric trauma patients who were admitted to the PICU at Sancaktepe Sehit Prof. Dr. IlhanVarank Training and Research Hospital from August 2020 to December 2022. The demographic data, clinical parameters and laboratory results were recorded. The primary outcome was the mortality in PICU. The performances of markers in predicting mortality were evaluated with receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves.RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 70(33–157) months, and the median duration of hospitalization in the PICU was 6(2–11) d. Of the 77 patients, 9 died due to trauma(11,1%). Among the clinical parameters, Pediatric Risk of Mortality III(PRISM III) Score, inotrope requirement, extracorporeal treatment requirement, and mechanical ventilator requirement were significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors. Among the laboratory parameters, procalcitonin(PCT), lactate/albumin ratio(LAR), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio(NLR), and transfusion requirement were significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors.CONCLUSION: In pediatric trauma patients, baseline PCT, LAR, and NLR values can be used to identify patients at risk for mortality.展开更多
文摘Background: The community based management of severe acute malnutrition (CMAM) was introduced in Ghana in 2008 to manage cases of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) recorded at the community level. This study estimated the economic cost of the CMAM programme for children under-five in the Agona west municipality of Ghana. Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study that used a cost analysis design was employed to estimate the economic cost of the programme from the societal perspective. Household cost data from caregivers were obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire. That of programme cost data was obtained from document reviews as well as the use of semi-structured questionnaires and subsequent discussions with key personnel of the Ghana Health Service, Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance and UNICEF. One and multi-way sensitivity analyses were conducted to test how sensitive the cost estimates are to certain variations in the cost profiles. Results: The economic household cost of CMAM was estimated as $1905.32 ($47.63 per household) of which 79% was attributed to direct cost while the remaining 21% made up indirect cost. Programme economic cost of CMAM was estimated as $27633.5 (96% recurrent and 4% capital), with refresher training constituting majority of the cost (34%). The constituents of the total economic cost of the programme, estimated as $32214.56 are programme cost (86%), household costs (6%) and community volunteer cost (8%). Therefore, the economic cost of treating one SAM case using the CMAM protocol was estimated as $805.36. Conclusion: Although CMAM has proven to be an effective tool for the management of SAM, its associated costs are quite enormous when coverage levels (geographic) are high yet small number of cases are detected and treated. Therefore, it is prudent to implement several cost saving strategies such as a reduction in the number of days spent on trainings in order to reduce these costs.
文摘Objective:It was conducted to evaluate the susceptibility to ON(orthorexia nervosa)in the students of the nutrition and dietetics department according to the variables of gender,age and BMI(body massındex).Subjects and Methods:The research covers the students of Marmara University Faculty of Health Sciences,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics in September-October 2017-2018 academic year.The data were collected by survey method.Socio-demographic characteristics and anthropometric measurements of the participants were questioned.EAT-40(Eating Attitude Test),ORTO-15 test and MOCI(Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory)were used in the study.It was evaluated with SPSS(The Statistical Package for The Social Sciences)21.0 program.Results:205 people participated in the study.EAT-40 scores were found to be≤20 in 94%of the women and 95.2%of the men in the study.The EAT-40 score is≥21 in 6%of women and 4.8%of men in the study(p=0.646>0.05).The ORTO-15 score of 72.3%of women and 71.4%of men is≤40(p=0.934>0.05).EAT-40 average is 10.25±1.10 in underweight.It was found to be 9.21±0.42 in normals and 8.23±0.76 in slightly obese subjects(p=0.758>0.05).ORTO-15 average of those with BMI≤18.49 kg/m2 is 39.59±0.54;Those with 18.50-24.99 kg/m2 were found to be 38.30±0.25 and those with 25.00-29.99 kg/m2 were found to be 39.54±0.75(p=0.098>0.05).As the EAT-40 score increased,the ORTO-15 score decreased.It shows a negative,statistically significant difference between EAT-40 and ORTO-15 scores(p=0.00<0.05).Conclusion:It was concluded that orthorexic tendency is common(72.2%)in nutrition dietetic students,and ON is associated with BMI and EAT-40 scores.In terms of ON,it would be beneficial to conduct comprehensive international studies and determine DSM(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)diagnostic criteria.
文摘Background: High data quality provides correct and up-to-date information which is critical to ensure, not only for the maintenance of health care at an optimal level, but also for the provision of high-quality clinical care, continuing health care, clinical and health service research, and planning and management of health systems. For the attainment of achievable improvements in the health sector, good data is core. Aim/Objective: To assess the level of knowledge and practices of Community Health Nurses on data quality in the Ho municipality, Ghana. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was employed for the study, using a standard Likert scale questionnaire. A census was used to collect 77 Community Health Nurses’ information. The statistical software, Epi-Data 3.1 was used to enter the data and exported to STATA 12.0 for the analyses. Chi-square and logistic analyses were performed to establish associations between categorical variables and a p-value of less than 0.05 at 95% significance interval was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of the 77 Community Health Nurses studied, 49 (63.64%) had good knowledge on data accuracy, 51 (66.23%) out of the 77 Community Health Nurses studied had poor knowledge on data completeness, and 64 (83.12%) had poor knowledge on data timeliness out of the 77 studied. Also, 16 (20.78%) and 33 (42.86%) of the 77 Community Health Nurses responded there was no designated staff for data quality review and no feedback from the health directorate respectively. Out of the 16 health facilities studied for data quality practices, half (8, 50.00%) had missing values on copies of their previous months’ report forms. More so, 10 (62.50%) had no reminders (monthly data submission itineraries) at the facility level. Conclusion: Overall, the general level of knowledge of Community Health Nurses on data quality was poor and their practices for improving data quality at the facility level were woefully inadequate. Therefore, Community Health Nurses need to be given on-job training and proper education on data quality and its dimensions. Also, the health directorate should intensify its continuous supportive supervisory visits at all facilities and feedback should be given to the Community Health Nurses on the data submitted.
文摘BACKGROUND: Despite the rapid development of pediatric intensive care medicine, there are still limited data in the literature regarding the follow-up of pediatric trauma patients in pediatric intensive care units(PICUs). In this study, we aim to evaluate our experience with children admitted and followed up with the diagnosis of trauma at our PICU.METHODS: We evaluated the retrospective data of 77 pediatric trauma patients who were admitted to the PICU at Sancaktepe Sehit Prof. Dr. IlhanVarank Training and Research Hospital from August 2020 to December 2022. The demographic data, clinical parameters and laboratory results were recorded. The primary outcome was the mortality in PICU. The performances of markers in predicting mortality were evaluated with receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves.RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 70(33–157) months, and the median duration of hospitalization in the PICU was 6(2–11) d. Of the 77 patients, 9 died due to trauma(11,1%). Among the clinical parameters, Pediatric Risk of Mortality III(PRISM III) Score, inotrope requirement, extracorporeal treatment requirement, and mechanical ventilator requirement were significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors. Among the laboratory parameters, procalcitonin(PCT), lactate/albumin ratio(LAR), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio(NLR), and transfusion requirement were significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors.CONCLUSION: In pediatric trauma patients, baseline PCT, LAR, and NLR values can be used to identify patients at risk for mortality.
