Exceptionally preserved fossils,such as those from Cambrian Burgess Shale-type fossil-Lagerstatten are critical because of their unique contributions to knowledge of the phylogenetic radiation and palaeoecological exp...Exceptionally preserved fossils,such as those from Cambrian Burgess Shale-type fossil-Lagerstatten are critical because of their unique contributions to knowledge of the phylogenetic radiation and palaeoecological expansion of metazoans during the Cambrian explosion.Critically,these deposits provide information that is usually unobtainable from shelly and skeletonized fossils alone.The Guanshan Biota(Cambrian Series 2,Stage 4)in the Yunnan Province of South China,has produced abundant and diverse,exquisitely preserved fossils that often retain soft tissues and organs.To date,most fossils from the Guanshan Biota have been collected from localities such as Gaoloufang and Gangtoucun,which have become inaccessible due to new urban expansions and constructions of residential buildings.Here we present the first report of soft bodied fossils from a new section at Kanfuqing,close to the Wulongqing village in Malong County,approximately 3 km east of the Wulongqing Formation stratotype section.Fossils retain soft morphology,and include brachiopods with delicate marginal setae,priapulids with well-preserved sclerites and vetulicolians with entire sections of body.In addition,this fauna includes rare occurrences of trilobites preserved with soft tissues replicated as pyrite pseudomorphs after weathering.This discovery represents an important palaeogeographical extension of soft-bodied fossils of the Guanshan fauna to the east of the Xiaojiang Fault(related to Tsinning tectonic movements ca.700 Ma).The fauna from the new Kanfuqing section is similar to that reported from the Wulongqing Formation west of the Xiaojiang Fault,and thus has significant implications for early Cambrian palaeogeography,faunal successions and palaeoenvironments of eastern Yunnan.展开更多
In order to simulate the instability phenomenon of a nonaqueous phase liquid(NAPL) dissolution front in a computational model, the intrinsic characteristic length is commonly used to determine the length scale at whic...In order to simulate the instability phenomenon of a nonaqueous phase liquid(NAPL) dissolution front in a computational model, the intrinsic characteristic length is commonly used to determine the length scale at which the instability of the NAPL dissolution front can be initiated. This will require a huge number of finite elements if a whole NAPL dissolution system is simulated in the computational model. Even though modern supercomputers might be used to tackle this kind of NAPL dissolution problem, it can become prohibitive for commonly-used personal computers to do so. The main purpose of this work is to investigate whether or not the whole NAPL dissolution system of an annular domain can be replaced by a trapezoidal domain, so as to greatly reduce the requirements for computer efforts. The related simulation results have demonstrated that when the NAPL dissolution system under consideration is in a subcritical state, if the dissolution pattern around the entrance of an annulus domain is of interest, then a trapezoidal domain cannot be used to replace an annular domain in the computational simulation of the NAPL dissolution system.However, if the dissolution pattern away from the vicinity of the entrance of an annulus domain is of interest, then a trapezoidal domain can be used to replace an annular domain in the computational simulation of the NAPL dissolution system. When the NAPL dissolution system under consideration is in a supercritical state, a trapezoidal domain cannot be used to replace an annular domain in the computational simulation of the NAPL dissolution system.展开更多
The alien woody legume, black locust （Robinia pseudoaca-cia）, has invaded Japanese black pine （Pinus thunbergii） forests located in Japan’s coastal plain and hill regions where gaps are formed in pine forests aft...The alien woody legume, black locust （Robinia pseudoaca-cia）, has invaded Japanese black pine （Pinus thunbergii） forests located in Japan’s coastal plain and hill regions where gaps are formed in pine forests after nematode infestation. Nitrogen fixation by legumes acceler-ates N cycling in forest ecosystems. We studied temporal change in the annual tree-ring resolution N stable isotope composition （δ15N, a per mil deviation of δ15N/14N ratio, relative to atmospheric N2δ15N=0‰） at two natural locations of Japanese black pine forest with black locust that differed in the time since black locust establishment （Shohnai in north-east and Kita-Kyushu in southwest Japan）. Analyzed tree-rings covered the period from 1990/1992 to 2009. N acquisition by Japanese black pine from black locust N input to the soil was evidenced by temporal shifting of N stable isotope composition on the annual pine tree rings. With pro-gressive development of the forest stand,δ15N values of earlier tree-ringsδ15N of -5‰） from black pine associated with black locust shifted to-wards values similar to those of black locustδ15N values nearly to-1‰）, which suggests acquisition of N by N2 fixation （Shohnai site）. In con-trast, in a forest where black locust had settled for two or three genera-tions, in a black pine stand （Kita-Kyushu site）, longer periods of N en-richment in the soil were reflected in the elevated tree-ringδ15N values of newly established black pine trees. Based on tree-ringδ15N data from the Shohnai site, we determined that about 10 years after black locust establishment, soil N had already been enriched by black locust N, this, in turn, contributed to N fertilization of surrounding trees in mixed stands.展开更多
Here we report the occurrence of garnet porphyroblasts that have overgrown alternating silica-saturated and silica deficient microdomains via different mineral reactions. The samples were collected from ultrahigh-temp...Here we report the occurrence of garnet porphyroblasts that have overgrown alternating silica-saturated and silica deficient microdomains via different mineral reactions. The samples were collected from ultrahigh-temperature(UHT) metapelites in the Highland Complex, Sri Lanka. In some of the metapelites, garnet crystals have cores formed via a dehydration reaction, which had taken place at silicasaturated microdomains and mantle to rim areas formed via a dehydration reaction at silica-deficient microdomains. In contrast, some other garnets in the same rock cores had formed via a dehydration reaction which occurred at silica-deficient microdomains while mantle to rim areas formed via a dehydration reaction at silica-saturated microdomains. Based on the textural observations, we conclude that the studied garnets have grown across different effective bulk compositional microdomains during the prograde evolution. These microdomains could represent heterogeneous compositional layers(paleobedding/laminations) in the precursor sediments or differentiated crenulation cleavages that existed during prograde metamorphism. UHT metamorphism associated with strong ductile deformation, metamorphic differentiation and crystallization of locally produced melt may have obliterated the evidence for such microdomains in the matrix. The lack of significant compositional zoning in garnet probably due to self-diffusion during UHT metamorphism had left mineral inclusions as the sole evidence for earlier microdomains with contrasting chemistry.展开更多
We present a narrative of the eruptive events culminating in the cataclysmic January 15, 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai Volcano by synthesizing diverse preliminary seismic, volcanological, sound wave, and...We present a narrative of the eruptive events culminating in the cataclysmic January 15, 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai Volcano by synthesizing diverse preliminary seismic, volcanological, sound wave, and lightning data available within the first few weeks after the eruption occurred. The first hour of eruptive activity produced fast-propagating tsunami waves, long-period seismic waves, loud audible sound waves, infrasonic waves, exceptionally intense volcanic lightning and an unsteady volcanic plume that transiently reached-at 58km-the Earth’s mesosphere. Energetic seismic signals were recorded worldwide and the globally stacked seismogram showed episodic seismic events within the most intense periods of phreatoplinian activity, and they correlated well with the infrasound pressure waveform recorded in Fiji. Gravity wave signals were strong enough to be observed over the entire planet in just the first few hours, with some circling the Earth multiple times subsequently. These large-amplitude, long-wavelength atmospheric disturbances come from the Earth’s atmosphere being forced by the magmatic mixture of tephra, melt and gasses emitted by the unsteady but quasicontinuous eruption from 0402±1–1800 UTC on January 15, 2022. Atmospheric forcing lasted much longer than rupturing from large earthquakes recorded on modern instruments, producing a type of shock wave that originated from the interaction between compressed air and ambient(wavy) sea surface. This scenario differs from conventional ideas of earthquake slip, landslides, or caldera collapse-generated tsunami waves because of the enormous(~1000x) volumetric change due to the supercritical nature of volatiles associated with the hot,volatile-rich phreatoplinian plume. The time series of plume altitude can be translated to volumetric discharge and mass flow rate. For an eruption duration of ~12 h, the eruptive volume and mass are estimated at 1.9 km^(3) and~2 900 Tg, respectively, corresponding to a VEI of 5–6 for this event. The high frequency and intensity of lightning was enhanced by the production of fine ash due to magma-seawater interaction with concomitant high charge per unit mass and the high pre-eruptive concentration of dissolved volatiles. Analysis of lightning flash frequencies provides a rapid metric for plume activity and eruption magnitude. Many aspects of this eruption await further investigation by multidisciplinary teams. It represents a unique opportunity for fundamental research regarding the complex, non-linear behavior of high energetic volcanic eruptions and attendant phenomena, with critical implications for hazard mitigation, volcano forecasting, and first-response efforts in future disasters.展开更多
Twenty-two clay samples from Oduna,Okada,and Etsako clay deposits in Southwestern Nigeria were subjected to Geotechnical analysis to evaluate their impact on engineering,especially on construction.The results revealed...Twenty-two clay samples from Oduna,Okada,and Etsako clay deposits in Southwestern Nigeria were subjected to Geotechnical analysis to evaluate their impact on engineering,especially on construction.The results revealed that the clays deposits were majorly fine-grained texture(<60%),with Plasticity ranging from 23%to 121%,Liquid Limit(25%~205%)having plasticity of medium to very high with a specific gravity from 1.93 to 2.58.Using the American association of state highway and transportation office(AASHTO)and Unified system classification scheme(USCS),the samples fell within A-7-6(clayey soil)indicating a subgrade that is fair to poor and within the CL-CH category of fine-grained soil with medium to very high plasticity.Compaction having maximum dry density(MDD)to optimum moisture content(OMC)ranges from 0.94 g/cm^(3)~1.68 g/cm^(3)to 11.9%~44.5%,Triaxial result with cohesion between 0.33~35 and shear strength from 44~120 and California bearing ratio for unsoaked bottom 7.52~40,top 4.82~39.18 and soaked bottom 2.89~30.41,top 4.21~33.53.The geotechnical properties of the clay deposits do not meet the standard requirement hence the implication in engineering might be susceptibility to construction failures.展开更多
In recent studies, the effects of complex costal topography on tsunami run-up has sparked heated discussion. This study mainly aims at investigating the effects of complex costal topography on the tsunami inundation d...In recent studies, the effects of complex costal topography on tsunami run-up has sparked heated discussion. This study mainly aims at investigating the effects of complex costal topography on the tsunami inundation distance and the effectiveness of sand dunes in dissipating tsunami wave energy. The experiments were carried out in a wave flume to investigate the potential reduction effects of wave run-up by non erodible sand dune like features. The results show that increasing dunes spacing could not significantly affect inundation distance. However, if the height of sand dunes is of the same order of magnitude as the incoming tsunami wave and the gaps between the dunes are large enough, successful tsunami mitigation could also be possible.展开更多
River Iyiudene is a vital distributary resource in Abakaliki, southeastern Nigeria and conveys an abundant amount of sediments to provincial and residual ecosystems. Although the importance of the river cannot be over...River Iyiudene is a vital distributary resource in Abakaliki, southeastern Nigeria and conveys an abundant amount of sediments to provincial and residual ecosystems. Although the importance of the river cannot be overemphasized, the geochemistry of its stream sediments is less investigated. Twenty (20) stream sediment samples were taken at the centre of the river channels to represent the entire drainage area well and avoid collapsed bank materials. The stream sediment samples were used to determine the dispersion, contamination status and sources of heavy metal concentrations. Total elemental digestion accompanied this with the use of aqua regia, an admixture of Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and Nitric acid (HNO<sub>3</sub>) in the ratio of 3:1 using the atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). The heavy metal concentration levels in River Iyiudene were low compared with sediments from Imo River, Gulf of California, Upper continental crust, Average shale and surface horizons, excluding Cd, which showed high concentration levels than the other reference studies. The results delineated a wide contrast in the concentration levels of the heavy metals, with the mean contents in the order Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > Ni > As. The pollution evaluation utilizing the Effect range low (ERL), Effect range median (ERM), single pollution index, and geo-accumulation index revealed Cd contamination. This study indicates that the heavy metals were sourced from the natural geological background of the river basin and possibly from agricultural runoff and atmospheric pollutants.展开更多
I. Thinking Outside the MainstreamIt is a generally accepted wisdom that benefitsfrom the investment in human, social and invisiblecapital are far higher than those realised in theexploitation of natural resources, ma...I. Thinking Outside the MainstreamIt is a generally accepted wisdom that benefitsfrom the investment in human, social and invisiblecapital are far higher than those realised in theexploitation of natural resources, material and visi-ble capital. This means that different developmentstrategies and policies will result naturally in differ-ing results. At the early stage of China’s reformdrive, the per capita GDP of the country’s展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41425008,41890844,41720104002,41621003 and 41772002)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB26000000)+1 种基金the Overseas Expertise Introduction Centre for Discipline Innovation(111 project:D17013)the Postgraduate Creation Program of Northwest University(YZZ15001)
文摘Exceptionally preserved fossils,such as those from Cambrian Burgess Shale-type fossil-Lagerstatten are critical because of their unique contributions to knowledge of the phylogenetic radiation and palaeoecological expansion of metazoans during the Cambrian explosion.Critically,these deposits provide information that is usually unobtainable from shelly and skeletonized fossils alone.The Guanshan Biota(Cambrian Series 2,Stage 4)in the Yunnan Province of South China,has produced abundant and diverse,exquisitely preserved fossils that often retain soft tissues and organs.To date,most fossils from the Guanshan Biota have been collected from localities such as Gaoloufang and Gangtoucun,which have become inaccessible due to new urban expansions and constructions of residential buildings.Here we present the first report of soft bodied fossils from a new section at Kanfuqing,close to the Wulongqing village in Malong County,approximately 3 km east of the Wulongqing Formation stratotype section.Fossils retain soft morphology,and include brachiopods with delicate marginal setae,priapulids with well-preserved sclerites and vetulicolians with entire sections of body.In addition,this fauna includes rare occurrences of trilobites preserved with soft tissues replicated as pyrite pseudomorphs after weathering.This discovery represents an important palaeogeographical extension of soft-bodied fossils of the Guanshan fauna to the east of the Xiaojiang Fault(related to Tsinning tectonic movements ca.700 Ma).The fauna from the new Kanfuqing section is similar to that reported from the Wulongqing Formation west of the Xiaojiang Fault,and thus has significant implications for early Cambrian palaeogeography,faunal successions and palaeoenvironments of eastern Yunnan.
基金Project(11272359)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to simulate the instability phenomenon of a nonaqueous phase liquid(NAPL) dissolution front in a computational model, the intrinsic characteristic length is commonly used to determine the length scale at which the instability of the NAPL dissolution front can be initiated. This will require a huge number of finite elements if a whole NAPL dissolution system is simulated in the computational model. Even though modern supercomputers might be used to tackle this kind of NAPL dissolution problem, it can become prohibitive for commonly-used personal computers to do so. The main purpose of this work is to investigate whether or not the whole NAPL dissolution system of an annular domain can be replaced by a trapezoidal domain, so as to greatly reduce the requirements for computer efforts. The related simulation results have demonstrated that when the NAPL dissolution system under consideration is in a subcritical state, if the dissolution pattern around the entrance of an annulus domain is of interest, then a trapezoidal domain cannot be used to replace an annular domain in the computational simulation of the NAPL dissolution system.However, if the dissolution pattern away from the vicinity of the entrance of an annulus domain is of interest, then a trapezoidal domain can be used to replace an annular domain in the computational simulation of the NAPL dissolution system. When the NAPL dissolution system under consideration is in a supercritical state, a trapezoidal domain cannot be used to replace an annular domain in the computational simulation of the NAPL dissolution system.
文摘The alien woody legume, black locust （Robinia pseudoaca-cia）, has invaded Japanese black pine （Pinus thunbergii） forests located in Japan’s coastal plain and hill regions where gaps are formed in pine forests after nematode infestation. Nitrogen fixation by legumes acceler-ates N cycling in forest ecosystems. We studied temporal change in the annual tree-ring resolution N stable isotope composition （δ15N, a per mil deviation of δ15N/14N ratio, relative to atmospheric N2δ15N=0‰） at two natural locations of Japanese black pine forest with black locust that differed in the time since black locust establishment （Shohnai in north-east and Kita-Kyushu in southwest Japan）. Analyzed tree-rings covered the period from 1990/1992 to 2009. N acquisition by Japanese black pine from black locust N input to the soil was evidenced by temporal shifting of N stable isotope composition on the annual pine tree rings. With pro-gressive development of the forest stand,δ15N values of earlier tree-ringsδ15N of -5‰） from black pine associated with black locust shifted to-wards values similar to those of black locustδ15N values nearly to-1‰）, which suggests acquisition of N by N2 fixation （Shohnai site）. In con-trast, in a forest where black locust had settled for two or three genera-tions, in a black pine stand （Kita-Kyushu site）, longer periods of N en-richment in the soil were reflected in the elevated tree-ringδ15N values of newly established black pine trees. Based on tree-ringδ15N data from the Shohnai site, we determined that about 10 years after black locust establishment, soil N had already been enriched by black locust N, this, in turn, contributed to N fertilization of surrounding trees in mixed stands.
基金the National Research Council(NRC) of Sri Lanka(Grant Nos. 11-180 and 15-089)the Indo-Lanka Joint Grant from the Ministry of Technology and Research,Sri Lanka (MTR/TRD/AGR/3/1/04) for funding this projectsupport by the Stichting Dr Schurmannfonds, Grant Nos. 88/2012, 94/2013 and 101/2014
文摘Here we report the occurrence of garnet porphyroblasts that have overgrown alternating silica-saturated and silica deficient microdomains via different mineral reactions. The samples were collected from ultrahigh-temperature(UHT) metapelites in the Highland Complex, Sri Lanka. In some of the metapelites, garnet crystals have cores formed via a dehydration reaction, which had taken place at silicasaturated microdomains and mantle to rim areas formed via a dehydration reaction at silica-deficient microdomains. In contrast, some other garnets in the same rock cores had formed via a dehydration reaction which occurred at silica-deficient microdomains while mantle to rim areas formed via a dehydration reaction at silica-saturated microdomains. Based on the textural observations, we conclude that the studied garnets have grown across different effective bulk compositional microdomains during the prograde evolution. These microdomains could represent heterogeneous compositional layers(paleobedding/laminations) in the precursor sediments or differentiated crenulation cleavages that existed during prograde metamorphism. UHT metamorphism associated with strong ductile deformation, metamorphic differentiation and crystallization of locally produced melt may have obliterated the evidence for such microdomains in the matrix. The lack of significant compositional zoning in garnet probably due to self-diffusion during UHT metamorphism had left mineral inclusions as the sole evidence for earlier microdomains with contrasting chemistry.
基金partially supported by US Department of Energy Grant DE-SC0019759National Science Foundation (NSF) Grants EAR-1918126, EAR-2027150, EAR-1925965, and OCE-1842989。
文摘We present a narrative of the eruptive events culminating in the cataclysmic January 15, 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai Volcano by synthesizing diverse preliminary seismic, volcanological, sound wave, and lightning data available within the first few weeks after the eruption occurred. The first hour of eruptive activity produced fast-propagating tsunami waves, long-period seismic waves, loud audible sound waves, infrasonic waves, exceptionally intense volcanic lightning and an unsteady volcanic plume that transiently reached-at 58km-the Earth’s mesosphere. Energetic seismic signals were recorded worldwide and the globally stacked seismogram showed episodic seismic events within the most intense periods of phreatoplinian activity, and they correlated well with the infrasound pressure waveform recorded in Fiji. Gravity wave signals were strong enough to be observed over the entire planet in just the first few hours, with some circling the Earth multiple times subsequently. These large-amplitude, long-wavelength atmospheric disturbances come from the Earth’s atmosphere being forced by the magmatic mixture of tephra, melt and gasses emitted by the unsteady but quasicontinuous eruption from 0402±1–1800 UTC on January 15, 2022. Atmospheric forcing lasted much longer than rupturing from large earthquakes recorded on modern instruments, producing a type of shock wave that originated from the interaction between compressed air and ambient(wavy) sea surface. This scenario differs from conventional ideas of earthquake slip, landslides, or caldera collapse-generated tsunami waves because of the enormous(~1000x) volumetric change due to the supercritical nature of volatiles associated with the hot,volatile-rich phreatoplinian plume. The time series of plume altitude can be translated to volumetric discharge and mass flow rate. For an eruption duration of ~12 h, the eruptive volume and mass are estimated at 1.9 km^(3) and~2 900 Tg, respectively, corresponding to a VEI of 5–6 for this event. The high frequency and intensity of lightning was enhanced by the production of fine ash due to magma-seawater interaction with concomitant high charge per unit mass and the high pre-eruptive concentration of dissolved volatiles. Analysis of lightning flash frequencies provides a rapid metric for plume activity and eruption magnitude. Many aspects of this eruption await further investigation by multidisciplinary teams. It represents a unique opportunity for fundamental research regarding the complex, non-linear behavior of high energetic volcanic eruptions and attendant phenomena, with critical implications for hazard mitigation, volcano forecasting, and first-response efforts in future disasters.
基金funded by TETFUND Institution Based Research Fund(2021-2022 Merged).
文摘Twenty-two clay samples from Oduna,Okada,and Etsako clay deposits in Southwestern Nigeria were subjected to Geotechnical analysis to evaluate their impact on engineering,especially on construction.The results revealed that the clays deposits were majorly fine-grained texture(<60%),with Plasticity ranging from 23%to 121%,Liquid Limit(25%~205%)having plasticity of medium to very high with a specific gravity from 1.93 to 2.58.Using the American association of state highway and transportation office(AASHTO)and Unified system classification scheme(USCS),the samples fell within A-7-6(clayey soil)indicating a subgrade that is fair to poor and within the CL-CH category of fine-grained soil with medium to very high plasticity.Compaction having maximum dry density(MDD)to optimum moisture content(OMC)ranges from 0.94 g/cm^(3)~1.68 g/cm^(3)to 11.9%~44.5%,Triaxial result with cohesion between 0.33~35 and shear strength from 44~120 and California bearing ratio for unsoaked bottom 7.52~40,top 4.82~39.18 and soaked bottom 2.89~30.41,top 4.21~33.53.The geotechnical properties of the clay deposits do not meet the standard requirement hence the implication in engineering might be susceptibility to construction failures.
文摘In recent studies, the effects of complex costal topography on tsunami run-up has sparked heated discussion. This study mainly aims at investigating the effects of complex costal topography on the tsunami inundation distance and the effectiveness of sand dunes in dissipating tsunami wave energy. The experiments were carried out in a wave flume to investigate the potential reduction effects of wave run-up by non erodible sand dune like features. The results show that increasing dunes spacing could not significantly affect inundation distance. However, if the height of sand dunes is of the same order of magnitude as the incoming tsunami wave and the gaps between the dunes are large enough, successful tsunami mitigation could also be possible.
文摘River Iyiudene is a vital distributary resource in Abakaliki, southeastern Nigeria and conveys an abundant amount of sediments to provincial and residual ecosystems. Although the importance of the river cannot be overemphasized, the geochemistry of its stream sediments is less investigated. Twenty (20) stream sediment samples were taken at the centre of the river channels to represent the entire drainage area well and avoid collapsed bank materials. The stream sediment samples were used to determine the dispersion, contamination status and sources of heavy metal concentrations. Total elemental digestion accompanied this with the use of aqua regia, an admixture of Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and Nitric acid (HNO<sub>3</sub>) in the ratio of 3:1 using the atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). The heavy metal concentration levels in River Iyiudene were low compared with sediments from Imo River, Gulf of California, Upper continental crust, Average shale and surface horizons, excluding Cd, which showed high concentration levels than the other reference studies. The results delineated a wide contrast in the concentration levels of the heavy metals, with the mean contents in the order Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > Ni > As. The pollution evaluation utilizing the Effect range low (ERL), Effect range median (ERM), single pollution index, and geo-accumulation index revealed Cd contamination. This study indicates that the heavy metals were sourced from the natural geological background of the river basin and possibly from agricultural runoff and atmospheric pollutants.
文摘I. Thinking Outside the MainstreamIt is a generally accepted wisdom that benefitsfrom the investment in human, social and invisiblecapital are far higher than those realised in theexploitation of natural resources, material and visi-ble capital. This means that different developmentstrategies and policies will result naturally in differ-ing results. At the early stage of China’s reformdrive, the per capita GDP of the country’s
基金新加坡国家研究基金会(the National Research FoundationSingapore)颁发给Adam D.Switzer博士的NRF研究项目(编号:NRF-RF2010-04)厦门大学近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室授予余凤玲博士的青年访问学者野外经费(批准号:2010-2012)共同资助
