For flow batteries(FBs), the current technologies are still expensive and have relatively low energy density, which limits their large-scale applications. Organic FBs(OFBs) which employ organic molecules as redox-acti...For flow batteries(FBs), the current technologies are still expensive and have relatively low energy density, which limits their large-scale applications. Organic FBs(OFBs) which employ organic molecules as redox-active materials have been considered as one of the promising technologies for achieving lowcost and high-performance. Herein, we present a critical overview of the progress on the OFBs, including the design principles of key components(redox-active molecules, membranes, and electrodes) and the latest achievement in both aqueous and nonaqueous systems. Finally, future directions in explorations of the high-performance OFB for electrochemical energy storage are also highlighted.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) have attracted increasing attention in the past decades, because of high overall abundance of precursors, their even geographical distribution, and low cost. Na_3V_2(PO_4)_3(NVP), a typical ...Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) have attracted increasing attention in the past decades, because of high overall abundance of precursors, their even geographical distribution, and low cost. Na_3V_2(PO_4)_3(NVP), a typical sodium super ion conductor(NASICON)-based electrode material, exhibits pronounced structural stability, exceptionally high ion conductivity, rendering it a most promising electrode for sodium storage.However, the comparatively low electronic conductivity makes the theoretical capacity of NVP cannot be fully accessible even at comparatively low rates, presenting a major drawback for further practical applications, especially when high rate capability is especially important. Thus, many endeavors have been conformed to increase the surface and intrinsic electrical conductivity of NVP by coating the active materials with a conductive carbon layer, downsizing the NVP particles, combining the NVP particle with various carbon materials and ion doping strategy. In this review, to get a better understanding on the sodium storage in NVP, we firstly present 4 distinct crystal structures in the temperature range of -30°C^225°C namely α-NVP, β-NVP, β-NVP and γ-NVP. Moreover, we give an overview of recent approaches to enhance the surface electrical conductivity and intrinsic electrical conductivity of NVP. Finally, some potential applications of NVP such as in all-climate environment and PHEV, EV fields have been prospected.展开更多
Flow batteries with high energy density and long cycle life have been pursued to advance the progress of energy storage and grid application. Non-aqueous batteries with wide voltage windows represent a promising techn...Flow batteries with high energy density and long cycle life have been pursued to advance the progress of energy storage and grid application. Non-aqueous batteries with wide voltage windows represent a promising technology without the limitation of water electrolysis, but they suffer from low electrolyte concentration and unsatisfactory battery performance. Here, a non-aqueous lithium bromine rechargeable battery is proposed, which is based on Br_2/Br^-and Li^+/Li as active redox pairs, with fast redox kinetics and good stability. The Li/Br battery combines the advantages of high output voltage(~3.1 V),electrolyte concentration(3.0 mol/L), maximum power density(29.1 m W/cm^2) and practical energy density(232.6 Wh/kg). Additionally, the battery displays a columbic efficiency(CE) of 90.0%, a voltage efficiency(VE) of 88.0% and an energy efficiency(EE) of 80.0% at 1.0 m A/cm^2 after continuously running for more than 1000 cycles, which is by far the longest cycle life reported for non-aqueous flow batteries.展开更多
Long duration energy storage(LDES)technologies are vital for wide utilization of renewable energy sources and increasing the penetration of these technologies within energy infrastructures.Herein,we propose a low-cost...Long duration energy storage(LDES)technologies are vital for wide utilization of renewable energy sources and increasing the penetration of these technologies within energy infrastructures.Herein,we propose a low-cost alkaline all-iron flow battery by coupling ferri/ferro-cyanide redox couple with ferric/ferrous-gluconate complexes redox couple.The designed all-iron flow battery demonstrates a coulombic efficiency of above 99%and an energy efficiency of~83%at a current density of80 m A cm^(-2),which can continuously run for more than 950 cycles.Most importantly,the battery demonstrates a coulombic efficiency of more than 99.0%and an energy efficiency of~83%for a long duration(~12,16 and 20 h per cycle)charge/discharge process.Benefiting from the low cost of iron electrolytes,the overall cost of the all-iron flow battery system can be reached as low as$76.11 per k Wh based on a10 h system with a power of 9.9 k W.This work provides a new option for next-generation cost-effective flow batteries for long duration large scale energy storage.展开更多
Vanadium flow batteries(VFBs)are considered ideal for grid-sc ale,long-duration energy storage applications owing to their decoupled output power and storage capacity,high safety,efficiency,and long cycle life.However...Vanadium flow batteries(VFBs)are considered ideal for grid-sc ale,long-duration energy storage applications owing to their decoupled output power and storage capacity,high safety,efficiency,and long cycle life.However,the widespread adoption of VFB s is hindered by the use of expensive Nafion membranes.Herein,we report a soft template-induced method to develop a porous polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)membrane for VFB applications.By incorporating water-soluble and flexible polyethylene glycol(PEG 400)as a soft template,we induced the aggregation of hydrophilic sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone),resulting in phase separation from the hydrophobic PVDF polymer during membrane formation.This process led to the creation of a porous PVDF membrane with controllable morphologies determined by the polyethylene glycol content in the cast solution.The optimized porous PVDF membrane enabled a stable VFB performance for 200 cycles at a current density of 80 mA/cm^(2),and the VFB exhibited a Coulombic efficiency of 95.2%and a voltage efficiency of 87.8%.These findings provide valuable insights for the development of highly stable membranes for VFB applications.展开更多
Sustainable production of H2 through electrochemical water splitting is of great importance in the foreseeable future.Transition-metal metaphosphates(TMMPs)have a three-dimensional(3D)open-framework structure and a hi...Sustainable production of H2 through electrochemical water splitting is of great importance in the foreseeable future.Transition-metal metaphosphates(TMMPs)have a three-dimensional(3D)open-framework structure and a high content of P(which exists as PO3-),and therefore have been recognized as highly efficient catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and the bottleneck of electrochemical water splitting.Furthermore,TMMPs can also contribute to hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in alkaline and neutral media by facilitating water dissociation,and thus,overall water splitting can be achieved using this kind of material.In this timely review,we summarize the recent advances in the synthesis of TMMPs and their applications in OER and HER.We present a brief introduction of the structure and synthetic strategies of TMMPs in the first two parts.Then,we review the latest progress made in research on TMMPs as OER,HER,and overall water-splitting electrocatalysts.In this part,the intrinsic activity of TMMPs as well as the current strategy for improving the catalytic activity will be discussed systematically.Finally,we present the future opportunities and the remaining challenges for the application of TMMPs in the electrocatalysis field.展开更多
In-depth understanding of the electrolyte-dependent intercalation chemistry in batteries through direct operando/in situ characterizations is crucial for the development of the high-performance batteries.Herein,taking...In-depth understanding of the electrolyte-dependent intercalation chemistry in batteries through direct operando/in situ characterizations is crucial for the development of the high-performance batteries.Herein,taking the Al/graphite battery as a model system,the effect of electrolyte coordination structure on the intercalation processes has been investigated over the batteries with either 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride(HMICl)-AlCl_(3) or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride(EMICl)-AlCl_(3) ionic liquid electrolyte using operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and X-ray diffraction.With a weaker anion-cation interaction in HMI-based electrolyte,the XPS-derived atomic ratio between cointercalated N and intercalated Al is 0.9,which is lower than 1.6 for EMI-based electrolyte.Attributed to the additional de-solvation process,the batteries with the HMI-based electrolyte show a lower ionic diffusion rate,capacity,and cycling performance,which agree with the operando characterization results.Our findings highlight the critical role of the electrolyte coordination structure on the(co-)intercalation chemistry.展开更多
Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)have been regarded as one of the alternatives to lithium ion batteries owing to their wide availability and significantly low cost of sodium sources.However,they face serious challenges of lo...Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)have been regarded as one of the alternatives to lithium ion batteries owing to their wide availability and significantly low cost of sodium sources.However,they face serious challenges of low energy&power density and short cycling lifespan owing to the heavy mass and large radius of Na^(+).Vanadium-based polyanionic compounds have advantageous characteristic of high operating voltage,high ionic conductivity and robust structural framework,which is conducive to their high energy&power density and long lifespan for SIBs.In this review,we will overview the latest V-based polyanionic compounds,along with the respective characteristic from the intrinsic crystal structure to performance presentation and improvement for SIBs.One of the most important aspect is to discover the essential problems existed in the present V-based polyanionic compounds for high-energy&power applications,and point out most suitable solutions from the crystal structure modulation,interface tailoring and electrode configuration design.Moreover,some scientific issues of V-based polyanionic compounds shall be also proposed and related future direction shall be provided.We believe that this review can serve as a motivation for further development of novel V-based polyanionic compounds and drive them toward high energy&power applications in the near future.展开更多
The effect of bismuth(Bi) for both VO_2^+/VO2+ and V^(3+)/V^(2+) redox couples in vanadium flow batteries(VFBs) has been investigated by directly introducing Bi on the surface of carbon felt(CF).The results show that ...The effect of bismuth(Bi) for both VO_2^+/VO2+ and V^(3+)/V^(2+) redox couples in vanadium flow batteries(VFBs) has been investigated by directly introducing Bi on the surface of carbon felt(CF).The results show that Bi has no catalytic effect for VO_2^+/VO2+ redox couple.During the first charge process,Bi is oxidized to Bi^(3+)(never return back to Bi metal in the subsequent cycles) due to the low standard redox potential of 0.308 V(vs.SHE) for Bi3+/Bi redox couple compared with VO_2+/VO2+ redox couple and Bi^(3+)exhibit no(or neglectable) electro-catalytic activity.Additionally,the relationship between Bi loading and electrochemical activity for V^(3+)/V^(2+) redox couple was studied in detail.2 wt%Bi-modified carbon felt(2%-BiCF) exhibits the highest electrochemical activity.Using it as negative electrode,a high energy efficiency(EE) of 79.0%can be achieved at a high current density of 160mA/cm^2,which is 5.5%higher than the pristine one.Moreover,the electrolyte utilization ratio is also increased by more than 30%.Even the cell operated at 140mA/cm2 for over 300 cycles,the EE can reach 80.9%without obvious fluctuation and attenuation,suggesting excellent catalytic activity and electrochemical stability in VFBs.展开更多
In the past few decades, supercapacitor(SC) has attracted great attention due to its significant advantages over traditional rechargeable battery systems, such as high power density, fast charge-discharge rate, long c...In the past few decades, supercapacitor(SC) has attracted great attention due to its significant advantages over traditional rechargeable battery systems, such as high power density, fast charge-discharge rate, long cycle life and environmental friendliness [1]. Up to now, supercapacitors have been widely used in backup power, electric vehicles, mobile power and so on [2,3].展开更多
Lithium metal-based secondary batteries are very promising for next generation power battery due to their high energy density.However,lithium anodes suffer from poor electrochemical reversibility in organic electrolyt...Lithium metal-based secondary batteries are very promising for next generation power battery due to their high energy density.However,lithium anodes suffer from poor electrochemical reversibility in organic electrolytes due to Li dendrites and instability of the solid electrolyte interphase.Recent research demonstrated that the problem can be alleviated via tetraethoxysilane(TEOS)treated lithium metal to form a silicon oxide layer on the lithium surface,however,its reaction mechanism is controversial.Herein,we deeply explore the reaction mechanism between TEOS and Li and propose:Fresh Li can directly react with TEOS even though no lithium hydroxide exists on the lithium surface,and the participation of water will accelerate the reaction process.Moreover,it was found that the silicon oxide layer can promote the uniform deposition of lithium ions by providing lithiophilic nucleation sites,thereby achieving a long cycle life of Li metal batteries.展开更多
Oxygen evolution reaction(OER) is one of the most important reactions in the energy storage devices such as metal–air batteries and unitized regenerative fuel cells(URFCs). However, the kinetically sluggishness of OE...Oxygen evolution reaction(OER) is one of the most important reactions in the energy storage devices such as metal–air batteries and unitized regenerative fuel cells(URFCs). However, the kinetically sluggishness of OER and the high prices as well as the scarcity of the most active precious metal electrocatalysts are the major bottleneck in these devices. Developing low-cost non-precious metal catalysts with high activity and stability for OER is highly desirable. A facile, in situ template method combining the dodecyl benzene sulfuric acid sodium(SDBS) assisted hydrothermal process with subsequent high-temperature treatment was developed to prepare porous Co_3O_4 with improved surface area and hierarchical porous structure as precious catalysts alternative for oxygen evolution reaction(OER). Due to the unique structure, the as-prepared catalyst shows higher electrocatalytic activity than Co_3O_4 prepared by traditional thermal-decomposition method(noted as Co_3O_4-T) and commercial IrO_2 catalyst for OER in 0.1M KOH aqueous solution. Moreover, it displays improved stability than Co_3O_4-T. The results demonstrate a highly efficient, scalable, and low cost method for developing highly active and stable OER electrocatalysts in alkaline solutions.展开更多
Ultrathin free-standing electrospun carbon nanofiber web(ECNFW) used for the electrodes of the vanadium flow battery(VFB) has been fabricated by the electrospinning technique followed by the carbonization process in t...Ultrathin free-standing electrospun carbon nanofiber web(ECNFW) used for the electrodes of the vanadium flow battery(VFB) has been fabricated by the electrospinning technique followed by the carbonization process in this study to reduce the ohmic polarization of the VFB. The microstructure, surface chemistry and electrochemical performance of ECNFW carbonized at various temperatures from 800 to 1400 °C have been investigated. The results show that ECNFW carbonized at 1100 °C exhibits the highest electrocatalytic activity toward the V^(2+)/V^(3+)redox reaction, and its electrocatalytic activity decreases along with the increase of carbonization temperature due to the drooping of the surface functional groups.While for the VO^(2+)/VO_2^+redox couple, the electrocatalytic activity of ECNFW carbonized above 1100 °C barely changes as the carbonization temperature rises. It indicates that the surface functional groups could function as the reaction sites for the V^(2+)/V^(3+)redox couple, but have not any catalytic effect for the VO^(2+)/VO_2^+redox couple. And the single cell test result suggests that ECNFW carbonized at 1100 °C is a promising material as the VFB electrode and the VFB with ECNFW electrodes obtains a super low internal resistance of 250 mΩ cm^2.展开更多
Energy decarbonization is critical for the sustainable development of human society.The large-scale use of renewable energy in the future can both meet the growing energy demand and reduce carbon dioxide emissions,and...Energy decarbonization is critical for the sustainable development of human society.The large-scale use of renewable energy in the future can both meet the growing energy demand and reduce carbon dioxide emissions,and is thus becoming increasingly important[1].展开更多
Zinc-based flow batteries(ZFBs)have aroused great favor in large-scale energy storage due to the high security and low cost.However,the low areal capacity arising from the limited space for Zn plating hinders the furt...Zinc-based flow batteries(ZFBs)have aroused great favor in large-scale energy storage due to the high security and low cost.However,the low areal capacity arising from the limited space for Zn plating hinders the further development.Herein,a novel carbon felt-Sn-carbon felt sandwich host(CSCH)is designed and constructed.Benefiting from the strong chemical absorption and the dehydration effect on Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)^(2+),the Sn activation layer in the CSCH demonstrates the lowest comprehensive resistance for Zn deposition.Thus,Zn is induced to nucleate preferentially on the Sn activation layer,and grows towards the membrane,regulating the spatial distribution of Zn electrochemical deposits,which remarkably improves the areal capacity and cyclic stability of Zn anode.Consequently,the zinc-bromine flow batteries equipped with CSCH electrodes can achieve the ultra-high areal capacity of 120 mA h cm^(-2)at 80 mA cm^(-2),and run stably for 140 h with average energy efficiency of 80.3%in the extreme condition(80 mA cm^(-2),80 mA h cm^(-2)).This innovative work will inspire future advanced designs for high areal capacity electrodes in ZFBs.展开更多
Energy storage technologies have been identified as the key in constructing new electric power systems and achieving carbon neutrality,as they can absorb and smooth the renewables-generated electricity.Alkaline zinc-b...Energy storage technologies have been identified as the key in constructing new electric power systems and achieving carbon neutrality,as they can absorb and smooth the renewables-generated electricity.Alkaline zinc-based flow batteries are well suitable for stationary energy storage applications,since they feature the advantages of high safety,high cell voltage and low cost.Currently,many alkaline zinc-based flow batteries have been proposed and developed,e.g.,the alkaline zinc–iron flow battery and alkaline zinc–nickel flow battery.Their development and application are closely related to advanced materials and battery configurations.In this perspective,we will first provide a brief introduction and discussion of alkaline zinc-based flow batteries.Then we focus on these batteries from the perspective of their current status,challenges and prospects.The bottlenecks for these batteries are briefly analyzed.Combined with the practical requirements and development trends of alkaline zinc-based flow battery technologies,their future development and research direction will be summarized.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have great potential as an electrochemical energy storage system because of the high theoretical energy density and acceptable cost of financial and environment.However,the shuttle effe...Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have great potential as an electrochemical energy storage system because of the high theoretical energy density and acceptable cost of financial and environment.However,the shuttle effect leads to severe capacity fading and low coulombic efficiency.Here,graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4) is designed and prepared via a feasible and simple method from trithiocyanuric acid (TTCA) to anchor the polysulfides and suppress the shuttle effect.The obtained g-C3N4 exhibits strong chemical interaction with polysulfides due to its high N-doping of 56.87 at%,which is beneficial to improve the cycling stability of Li-S batteries.Moreover,the novel porous framework and high specific surface area of g-C3N4 also provide fast ion transport and broad reaction interface of sulfur cathode,facilitating high capacity output and superior rate performance of Li-S batteries.As a result,Li-S batteries assembled with g-C3N4 can achieve high discharge capacity of 1200 mAh/g at 0.2 C and over 800 mAh/g is remained after 100 cycles with a coulombic efficiency more than 99.5%.When the C-rate rises to 5 C,the reversible capacity of Li-S batteries can still maintain at 607mAh/g.展开更多
Mn-based oxides have been regarded as a promising family of cathode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries,but the practical applications have been limited because of severe capacity deterioration(such a...Mn-based oxides have been regarded as a promising family of cathode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries,but the practical applications have been limited because of severe capacity deterioration(such as Li Mn O_(2)and Li Mn_(2)O_(4))as well as further complications from successive structure changes during cycling,low initial coulombic efficiency(such as Li-rich cathode)and oxidization of organic carbonate solvents at high charge potential(such as Li Ni0.5 Mn1.5 O4).Large amounts of efforts have been concentrated on resolving these issues towards practical applications,and many vital progresses have been carried out.Hence,the primary target of this review is focused on different proposed strategies and breakthroughs to enhance the rate performance and cycling stability of nanostructured Mn-based oxide cathode materials for Li-ion batteries,including morphology control,ion doping,surface coatings,composite construction.The combination of delicate architectures with conductive species represents the perspective ways to enhance the conductivity of the cathode materials and further buffer the structure transformation and strain during cycling.At last,based on the elaborated progress,several perspectives of Mn-based oxide cathodes are summarized,and some possible attractive strategies and future development directions of Mn-based oxide cathodes with enhanced electrochemical properties are proposed.The review will offer a detailed introduction of various strategies enhancing electrochemical performance and give a novel viewpoint to shed light on the future innovation in Mn-based oxide cathode materials,which benefits the design and construction of high-performance Mn-based oxide cathode materials in the future.展开更多
The vanadium flow battery(VFB) has been considered as one of the most promising large-scale energy storage technologies in terms of its design flexibility, long cycle life, high efficiency and high safety. However, th...The vanadium flow battery(VFB) has been considered as one of the most promising large-scale energy storage technologies in terms of its design flexibility, long cycle life, high efficiency and high safety. However, the high cost prevents the VFB technology from broader market penetration. Improving the power density of the VFB is an effective solution to reduce its cost due to the reduced material consumption and stack size. Electrode, as one of the main components in the VFB, providing the reactions sites for redox couples, has an important effect on the voltage loss of the VFB associated with electrochemical polarization, ohmic polarization and concentration polarization. Extensive research has been carried out on the electrode modification to reduce polarizations and hence improve the power density of the VFB. In this review, state-of-the-art of various modification methods on the VFB electrode materials is overviewed and summarized, and the future research directions helpful to reduce polarization loss are presented.展开更多
A cost-effective, high-performance and highly stable membrane has always been in intensively needed in aqueous organic-based flow batteries. Here we present a porous polybenzimidazole(PBI) membrane with positive charg...A cost-effective, high-performance and highly stable membrane has always been in intensively needed in aqueous organic-based flow batteries. Here we present a porous polybenzimidazole(PBI) membrane with positive charges that endow the membrane with a high rejection and an excellent anti-fouling ability for target organic molecule and asymmetric structure that affords a high conductivity for vanadiummethylene blue flow battery(V-MB FB). The morphologies and thickness of separating layer in particular of the porous PBI can be well adjusted by simply altering the polymer concentration in the cast solution and further afford the membrane with a controllable property in terms of both ion selectivity and ion conductivity. As a result, a V-MB FB assembled with a porous PBI membrane delivers a coulombic efficiency(CE) of 99.45% and an energy efficiency(EE) of 86.10% at a current density of 40 mA cm^(-2), which is 12% higher than that afforded by a Nafion 212 membrane. Most importantly, the V-MB FB demonstrates a methylene blue(MB) utilization of 97.55% at a theoretical capacity of 32.16 Ah L^(-1)(based on the concentration of MB in the electrolyte) because of the high ion conductivity of the membrane, which favors reducing the cost of a battery. The results suggest that the designed porous PBI membranes exhibit a very promising prospect for methylene blue-vanadium flow battery.展开更多
基金supported by the China Natural Science Foundation(U1808209)the CAS-DOE program,CAS(QYZDB-SSWJSC032)+1 种基金the Key R&D project of Dalian(2018YF17GX020)the DICP funding(ZZBS201707)。
文摘For flow batteries(FBs), the current technologies are still expensive and have relatively low energy density, which limits their large-scale applications. Organic FBs(OFBs) which employ organic molecules as redox-active materials have been considered as one of the promising technologies for achieving lowcost and high-performance. Herein, we present a critical overview of the progress on the OFBs, including the design principles of key components(redox-active molecules, membranes, and electrodes) and the latest achievement in both aqueous and nonaqueous systems. Finally, future directions in explorations of the high-performance OFB for electrochemical energy storage are also highlighted.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21501171,51403209,21406221,51177156/E0712)
文摘Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) have attracted increasing attention in the past decades, because of high overall abundance of precursors, their even geographical distribution, and low cost. Na_3V_2(PO_4)_3(NVP), a typical sodium super ion conductor(NASICON)-based electrode material, exhibits pronounced structural stability, exceptionally high ion conductivity, rendering it a most promising electrode for sodium storage.However, the comparatively low electronic conductivity makes the theoretical capacity of NVP cannot be fully accessible even at comparatively low rates, presenting a major drawback for further practical applications, especially when high rate capability is especially important. Thus, many endeavors have been conformed to increase the surface and intrinsic electrical conductivity of NVP by coating the active materials with a conductive carbon layer, downsizing the NVP particles, combining the NVP particle with various carbon materials and ion doping strategy. In this review, to get a better understanding on the sodium storage in NVP, we firstly present 4 distinct crystal structures in the temperature range of -30°C^225°C namely α-NVP, β-NVP, β-NVP and γ-NVP. Moreover, we give an overview of recent approaches to enhance the surface electrical conductivity and intrinsic electrical conductivity of NVP. Finally, some potential applications of NVP such as in all-climate environment and PHEV, EV fields have been prospected.
基金financial supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21476224,21406219 and 51361135701)
文摘Flow batteries with high energy density and long cycle life have been pursued to advance the progress of energy storage and grid application. Non-aqueous batteries with wide voltage windows represent a promising technology without the limitation of water electrolysis, but they suffer from low electrolyte concentration and unsatisfactory battery performance. Here, a non-aqueous lithium bromine rechargeable battery is proposed, which is based on Br_2/Br^-and Li^+/Li as active redox pairs, with fast redox kinetics and good stability. The Li/Br battery combines the advantages of high output voltage(~3.1 V),electrolyte concentration(3.0 mol/L), maximum power density(29.1 m W/cm^2) and practical energy density(232.6 Wh/kg). Additionally, the battery displays a columbic efficiency(CE) of 90.0%, a voltage efficiency(VE) of 88.0% and an energy efficiency(EE) of 80.0% at 1.0 m A/cm^2 after continuously running for more than 1000 cycles, which is by far the longest cycle life reported for non-aqueous flow batteries.
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078313,21908214 and 21925804)the Dalian High Level Talent Innovation support program(2020RD05)+2 种基金the Dalian Young Star of Science and Technology(2021RQ122)the Free exploring basic research project of Liaoning(2022JH6/100100005)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2019182)。
文摘Long duration energy storage(LDES)technologies are vital for wide utilization of renewable energy sources and increasing the penetration of these technologies within energy infrastructures.Herein,we propose a low-cost alkaline all-iron flow battery by coupling ferri/ferro-cyanide redox couple with ferric/ferrous-gluconate complexes redox couple.The designed all-iron flow battery demonstrates a coulombic efficiency of above 99%and an energy efficiency of~83%at a current density of80 m A cm^(-2),which can continuously run for more than 950 cycles.Most importantly,the battery demonstrates a coulombic efficiency of more than 99.0%and an energy efficiency of~83%for a long duration(~12,16 and 20 h per cycle)charge/discharge process.Benefiting from the low cost of iron electrolytes,the overall cost of the all-iron flow battery system can be reached as low as$76.11 per k Wh based on a10 h system with a power of 9.9 k W.This work provides a new option for next-generation cost-effective flow batteries for long duration large scale energy storage.
基金financially supported by Open Fund of Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province of China(No.2020CL09)Hunan Key Laboratory of Applied Environmental Photocatalysis(No.2214503)。
文摘Vanadium flow batteries(VFBs)are considered ideal for grid-sc ale,long-duration energy storage applications owing to their decoupled output power and storage capacity,high safety,efficiency,and long cycle life.However,the widespread adoption of VFB s is hindered by the use of expensive Nafion membranes.Herein,we report a soft template-induced method to develop a porous polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)membrane for VFB applications.By incorporating water-soluble and flexible polyethylene glycol(PEG 400)as a soft template,we induced the aggregation of hydrophilic sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone),resulting in phase separation from the hydrophobic PVDF polymer during membrane formation.This process led to the creation of a porous PVDF membrane with controllable morphologies determined by the polyethylene glycol content in the cast solution.The optimized porous PVDF membrane enabled a stable VFB performance for 200 cycles at a current density of 80 mA/cm^(2),and the VFB exhibited a Coulombic efficiency of 95.2%and a voltage efficiency of 87.8%.These findings provide valuable insights for the development of highly stable membranes for VFB applications.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21871065,22209129,and 22071038)the Heilongjiang Touyan Team(HITTY-20190033)+3 种基金High-Level Innovation and Entrepreneurship(QCYRCXM-2022-123)the Talent Project of Qinchuangyuan and Interdisciplinary Research Foundation of HIT(IR2021205)Professor Li acknowledges the financial support from the“Young Talent Support Plan”of Xi'an Jiaotong University(HG6J024)the“Young Talent Lift Plan”of Xi'an city(095920221352).
文摘Sustainable production of H2 through electrochemical water splitting is of great importance in the foreseeable future.Transition-metal metaphosphates(TMMPs)have a three-dimensional(3D)open-framework structure and a high content of P(which exists as PO3-),and therefore have been recognized as highly efficient catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and the bottleneck of electrochemical water splitting.Furthermore,TMMPs can also contribute to hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in alkaline and neutral media by facilitating water dissociation,and thus,overall water splitting can be achieved using this kind of material.In this timely review,we summarize the recent advances in the synthesis of TMMPs and their applications in OER and HER.We present a brief introduction of the structure and synthetic strategies of TMMPs in the first two parts.Then,we review the latest progress made in research on TMMPs as OER,HER,and overall water-splitting electrocatalysts.In this part,the intrinsic activity of TMMPs as well as the current strategy for improving the catalytic activity will be discussed systematically.Finally,we present the future opportunities and the remaining challenges for the application of TMMPs in the electrocatalysis field.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFA1502800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21825203,22288201,and 91945302)+1 种基金the Photon Science Center for Carbon Neutrality,Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program (XLYC1902117)the Youth Innovation Fund of Dalian institute of Chemical Physics (DICP I202125)。
文摘In-depth understanding of the electrolyte-dependent intercalation chemistry in batteries through direct operando/in situ characterizations is crucial for the development of the high-performance batteries.Herein,taking the Al/graphite battery as a model system,the effect of electrolyte coordination structure on the intercalation processes has been investigated over the batteries with either 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride(HMICl)-AlCl_(3) or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride(EMICl)-AlCl_(3) ionic liquid electrolyte using operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and X-ray diffraction.With a weaker anion-cation interaction in HMI-based electrolyte,the XPS-derived atomic ratio between cointercalated N and intercalated Al is 0.9,which is lower than 1.6 for EMI-based electrolyte.Attributed to the additional de-solvation process,the batteries with the HMI-based electrolyte show a lower ionic diffusion rate,capacity,and cycling performance,which agree with the operando characterization results.Our findings highlight the critical role of the electrolyte coordination structure on the(co-)intercalation chemistry.
基金financial support from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA21070500)the DNL Cooperation Fund,CAS(DNL201914)。
文摘Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)have been regarded as one of the alternatives to lithium ion batteries owing to their wide availability and significantly low cost of sodium sources.However,they face serious challenges of low energy&power density and short cycling lifespan owing to the heavy mass and large radius of Na^(+).Vanadium-based polyanionic compounds have advantageous characteristic of high operating voltage,high ionic conductivity and robust structural framework,which is conducive to their high energy&power density and long lifespan for SIBs.In this review,we will overview the latest V-based polyanionic compounds,along with the respective characteristic from the intrinsic crystal structure to performance presentation and improvement for SIBs.One of the most important aspect is to discover the essential problems existed in the present V-based polyanionic compounds for high-energy&power applications,and point out most suitable solutions from the crystal structure modulation,interface tailoring and electrode configuration design.Moreover,some scientific issues of V-based polyanionic compounds shall be also proposed and related future direction shall be provided.We believe that this review can serve as a motivation for further development of novel V-based polyanionic compounds and drive them toward high energy&power applications in the near future.
基金the financial support from the China Natural Science Foundation(Grant nos.51403209,21406221,21206158,21476224,21406219 and 51361135701)the Outstanding Young Scientist Foundation,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)+2 种基金Supported by the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KG2D-EW-602-2)Science and Technology Service Network Initiative(KFJ-EW-STS-108)Dalian Municipal Outstanding Young Talent Foundation(2014J11JH131)
文摘The effect of bismuth(Bi) for both VO_2^+/VO2+ and V^(3+)/V^(2+) redox couples in vanadium flow batteries(VFBs) has been investigated by directly introducing Bi on the surface of carbon felt(CF).The results show that Bi has no catalytic effect for VO_2^+/VO2+ redox couple.During the first charge process,Bi is oxidized to Bi^(3+)(never return back to Bi metal in the subsequent cycles) due to the low standard redox potential of 0.308 V(vs.SHE) for Bi3+/Bi redox couple compared with VO_2+/VO2+ redox couple and Bi^(3+)exhibit no(or neglectable) electro-catalytic activity.Additionally,the relationship between Bi loading and electrochemical activity for V^(3+)/V^(2+) redox couple was studied in detail.2 wt%Bi-modified carbon felt(2%-BiCF) exhibits the highest electrochemical activity.Using it as negative electrode,a high energy efficiency(EE) of 79.0%can be achieved at a high current density of 160mA/cm^2,which is 5.5%higher than the pristine one.Moreover,the electrolyte utilization ratio is also increased by more than 30%.Even the cell operated at 140mA/cm2 for over 300 cycles,the EE can reach 80.9%without obvious fluctuation and attenuation,suggesting excellent catalytic activity and electrochemical stability in VFBs.
基金financially supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (ZR2019PB018)National Natural Science Foundation, China (21506210)。
文摘In the past few decades, supercapacitor(SC) has attracted great attention due to its significant advantages over traditional rechargeable battery systems, such as high power density, fast charge-discharge rate, long cycle life and environmental friendliness [1]. Up to now, supercapacitors have been widely used in backup power, electric vehicles, mobile power and so on [2,3].
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51673199,51972301,51677176)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2015148)+2 种基金Youth Innovation Foundation of DICP(ZZBS201615,ZZBS201708)Dalian Outstanding Young Scientific Talent(2018RJ03)National Key Research and Development Project(2019YFA0705600)。
文摘Lithium metal-based secondary batteries are very promising for next generation power battery due to their high energy density.However,lithium anodes suffer from poor electrochemical reversibility in organic electrolytes due to Li dendrites and instability of the solid electrolyte interphase.Recent research demonstrated that the problem can be alleviated via tetraethoxysilane(TEOS)treated lithium metal to form a silicon oxide layer on the lithium surface,however,its reaction mechanism is controversial.Herein,we deeply explore the reaction mechanism between TEOS and Li and propose:Fresh Li can directly react with TEOS even though no lithium hydroxide exists on the lithium surface,and the participation of water will accelerate the reaction process.Moreover,it was found that the silicon oxide layer can promote the uniform deposition of lithium ions by providing lithiophilic nucleation sites,thereby achieving a long cycle life of Li metal batteries.
基金supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association(no.2015147)CAS and National Program on Key Basic Research Project(973 Program,2012CB215500)+1 种基金the Outstanding Youngest Scientist FoundationChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)
文摘Oxygen evolution reaction(OER) is one of the most important reactions in the energy storage devices such as metal–air batteries and unitized regenerative fuel cells(URFCs). However, the kinetically sluggishness of OER and the high prices as well as the scarcity of the most active precious metal electrocatalysts are the major bottleneck in these devices. Developing low-cost non-precious metal catalysts with high activity and stability for OER is highly desirable. A facile, in situ template method combining the dodecyl benzene sulfuric acid sodium(SDBS) assisted hydrothermal process with subsequent high-temperature treatment was developed to prepare porous Co_3O_4 with improved surface area and hierarchical porous structure as precious catalysts alternative for oxygen evolution reaction(OER). Due to the unique structure, the as-prepared catalyst shows higher electrocatalytic activity than Co_3O_4 prepared by traditional thermal-decomposition method(noted as Co_3O_4-T) and commercial IrO_2 catalyst for OER in 0.1M KOH aqueous solution. Moreover, it displays improved stability than Co_3O_4-T. The results demonstrate a highly efficient, scalable, and low cost method for developing highly active and stable OER electrocatalysts in alkaline solutions.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.21506210 and 51361135701)
文摘Ultrathin free-standing electrospun carbon nanofiber web(ECNFW) used for the electrodes of the vanadium flow battery(VFB) has been fabricated by the electrospinning technique followed by the carbonization process in this study to reduce the ohmic polarization of the VFB. The microstructure, surface chemistry and electrochemical performance of ECNFW carbonized at various temperatures from 800 to 1400 °C have been investigated. The results show that ECNFW carbonized at 1100 °C exhibits the highest electrocatalytic activity toward the V^(2+)/V^(3+)redox reaction, and its electrocatalytic activity decreases along with the increase of carbonization temperature due to the drooping of the surface functional groups.While for the VO^(2+)/VO_2^+redox couple, the electrocatalytic activity of ECNFW carbonized above 1100 °C barely changes as the carbonization temperature rises. It indicates that the surface functional groups could function as the reaction sites for the V^(2+)/V^(3+)redox couple, but have not any catalytic effect for the VO^(2+)/VO_2^+redox couple. And the single cell test result suggests that ECNFW carbonized at 1100 °C is a promising material as the VFB electrode and the VFB with ECNFW electrodes obtains a super low internal resistance of 250 mΩ cm^2.
基金financial support from the China Natural Science Foundation(21925804 and U1808209)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Strategic Leading Science&Technology Program(A)(XDA21070000)+2 种基金CAS Engineering Laboratory for Electrochemical Energy Storage(KFJ-PTXM-027)Dalian High Level Talent Innovation Support Program(2020RD05)Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(2022184)。
文摘Energy decarbonization is critical for the sustainable development of human society.The large-scale use of renewable energy in the future can both meet the growing energy demand and reduce carbon dioxide emissions,and is thus becoming increasingly important[1].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22179019)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(B2020501003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N2023030)。
文摘Zinc-based flow batteries(ZFBs)have aroused great favor in large-scale energy storage due to the high security and low cost.However,the low areal capacity arising from the limited space for Zn plating hinders the further development.Herein,a novel carbon felt-Sn-carbon felt sandwich host(CSCH)is designed and constructed.Benefiting from the strong chemical absorption and the dehydration effect on Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)^(2+),the Sn activation layer in the CSCH demonstrates the lowest comprehensive resistance for Zn deposition.Thus,Zn is induced to nucleate preferentially on the Sn activation layer,and grows towards the membrane,regulating the spatial distribution of Zn electrochemical deposits,which remarkably improves the areal capacity and cyclic stability of Zn anode.Consequently,the zinc-bromine flow batteries equipped with CSCH electrodes can achieve the ultra-high areal capacity of 120 mA h cm^(-2)at 80 mA cm^(-2),and run stably for 140 h with average energy efficiency of 80.3%in the extreme condition(80 mA cm^(-2),80 mA h cm^(-2)).This innovative work will inspire future advanced designs for high areal capacity electrodes in ZFBs.
基金supported by the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078313,21925804)+1 种基金Free exploring basic research project of Liaoning(2022JH6/100100005)Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2019182)。
文摘Energy storage technologies have been identified as the key in constructing new electric power systems and achieving carbon neutrality,as they can absorb and smooth the renewables-generated electricity.Alkaline zinc-based flow batteries are well suitable for stationary energy storage applications,since they feature the advantages of high safety,high cell voltage and low cost.Currently,many alkaline zinc-based flow batteries have been proposed and developed,e.g.,the alkaline zinc–iron flow battery and alkaline zinc–nickel flow battery.Their development and application are closely related to advanced materials and battery configurations.In this perspective,we will first provide a brief introduction and discussion of alkaline zinc-based flow batteries.Then we focus on these batteries from the perspective of their current status,challenges and prospects.The bottlenecks for these batteries are briefly analyzed.Combined with the practical requirements and development trends of alkaline zinc-based flow battery technologies,their future development and research direction will be summarized.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51673199 and 51677176)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2015148)+1 种基金Innovation Foundation of DICP(ZZBS201615,ZZBS201708)Dalian Science and Technology Star Program(2016RQ026)。
文摘Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have great potential as an electrochemical energy storage system because of the high theoretical energy density and acceptable cost of financial and environment.However,the shuttle effect leads to severe capacity fading and low coulombic efficiency.Here,graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4) is designed and prepared via a feasible and simple method from trithiocyanuric acid (TTCA) to anchor the polysulfides and suppress the shuttle effect.The obtained g-C3N4 exhibits strong chemical interaction with polysulfides due to its high N-doping of 56.87 at%,which is beneficial to improve the cycling stability of Li-S batteries.Moreover,the novel porous framework and high specific surface area of g-C3N4 also provide fast ion transport and broad reaction interface of sulfur cathode,facilitating high capacity output and superior rate performance of Li-S batteries.As a result,Li-S batteries assembled with g-C3N4 can achieve high discharge capacity of 1200 mAh/g at 0.2 C and over 800 mAh/g is remained after 100 cycles with a coulombic efficiency more than 99.5%.When the C-rate rises to 5 C,the reversible capacity of Li-S batteries can still maintain at 607mAh/g.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.51672120)the Scientific Research Project of Mudanjiang Normal University(no.1355JG014)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(no.B2020501003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(no.N2023030)。
文摘Mn-based oxides have been regarded as a promising family of cathode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries,but the practical applications have been limited because of severe capacity deterioration(such as Li Mn O_(2)and Li Mn_(2)O_(4))as well as further complications from successive structure changes during cycling,low initial coulombic efficiency(such as Li-rich cathode)and oxidization of organic carbonate solvents at high charge potential(such as Li Ni0.5 Mn1.5 O4).Large amounts of efforts have been concentrated on resolving these issues towards practical applications,and many vital progresses have been carried out.Hence,the primary target of this review is focused on different proposed strategies and breakthroughs to enhance the rate performance and cycling stability of nanostructured Mn-based oxide cathode materials for Li-ion batteries,including morphology control,ion doping,surface coatings,composite construction.The combination of delicate architectures with conductive species represents the perspective ways to enhance the conductivity of the cathode materials and further buffer the structure transformation and strain during cycling.At last,based on the elaborated progress,several perspectives of Mn-based oxide cathodes are summarized,and some possible attractive strategies and future development directions of Mn-based oxide cathodes with enhanced electrochemical properties are proposed.The review will offer a detailed introduction of various strategies enhancing electrochemical performance and give a novel viewpoint to shed light on the future innovation in Mn-based oxide cathode materials,which benefits the design and construction of high-performance Mn-based oxide cathode materials in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 21506210)the Outstanding Young Scientist Foundation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)State Grid Corporation of Science and Technology Projects (Research on key technology of bipolar plate material development and engineering for vanadium redox flow battery)
文摘The vanadium flow battery(VFB) has been considered as one of the most promising large-scale energy storage technologies in terms of its design flexibility, long cycle life, high efficiency and high safety. However, the high cost prevents the VFB technology from broader market penetration. Improving the power density of the VFB is an effective solution to reduce its cost due to the reduced material consumption and stack size. Electrode, as one of the main components in the VFB, providing the reactions sites for redox couples, has an important effect on the voltage loss of the VFB associated with electrochemical polarization, ohmic polarization and concentration polarization. Extensive research has been carried out on the electrode modification to reduce polarizations and hence improve the power density of the VFB. In this review, state-of-the-art of various modification methods on the VFB electrode materials is overviewed and summarized, and the future research directions helpful to reduce polarization loss are presented.
基金financial support from NSFC (22075121)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (2019182)+1 种基金the Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Project (2020JJ26GX031)the DNL Cooperation Found,CAS(DNL201910)。
文摘A cost-effective, high-performance and highly stable membrane has always been in intensively needed in aqueous organic-based flow batteries. Here we present a porous polybenzimidazole(PBI) membrane with positive charges that endow the membrane with a high rejection and an excellent anti-fouling ability for target organic molecule and asymmetric structure that affords a high conductivity for vanadiummethylene blue flow battery(V-MB FB). The morphologies and thickness of separating layer in particular of the porous PBI can be well adjusted by simply altering the polymer concentration in the cast solution and further afford the membrane with a controllable property in terms of both ion selectivity and ion conductivity. As a result, a V-MB FB assembled with a porous PBI membrane delivers a coulombic efficiency(CE) of 99.45% and an energy efficiency(EE) of 86.10% at a current density of 40 mA cm^(-2), which is 12% higher than that afforded by a Nafion 212 membrane. Most importantly, the V-MB FB demonstrates a methylene blue(MB) utilization of 97.55% at a theoretical capacity of 32.16 Ah L^(-1)(based on the concentration of MB in the electrolyte) because of the high ion conductivity of the membrane, which favors reducing the cost of a battery. The results suggest that the designed porous PBI membranes exhibit a very promising prospect for methylene blue-vanadium flow battery.
