The International Conference on Materials and Energy(ICOME)was held in Metz on June 2021 following the earlier successful conferences of the same series held in Tunisia in 2019,Spain in 2018,China in 2017,France in 20...The International Conference on Materials and Energy(ICOME)was held in Metz on June 2021 following the earlier successful conferences of the same series held in Tunisia in 2019,Spain in 2018,China in 2017,France in 2016 and Morocco in 2015.The 2021 event should be regarded as a late realization of the ICOME 2020 conferences,which had to be delayed due to the pandemic.A significant number of papers presented in the framework of this conference have been selected for publication in the Fluid Dynamics and Material Processing international peer reviewed Journal given the relevance of the treated subjects to the aims and scope of this journal and the high quality of these contributions.This foreword provides a critical review of the 2021 conference aims in relation to its potential impact on the fields of Materials and Energy and related societal benefits.展开更多
Numerous models have been proposed in the literature to include phase change into numerical simulations of two-phase flows.This review paper presents the modeling options that have been taken in order to obtain a mode...Numerous models have been proposed in the literature to include phase change into numerical simulations of two-phase flows.This review paper presents the modeling options that have been taken in order to obtain a model for violent separated flows with application to sloshing wave impacts.A relaxation model based on linear non-equilibrium thermodynamics has been chosen to compute the rate of phase change.The integration in the system of partial differential equations is done through a non-conservative advection term.For each of these modelling choices,some alternative models from the literature are presented and discussed.The theoretical framework for all phase change model(conservation equations and entropy growth)is also summarized.展开更多
This paper is an introduction to mesh based generated reluctance network modeling.An overview of scientific works which led to the development of this approach is first presented.Basic concepts of the approach are the...This paper is an introduction to mesh based generated reluctance network modeling.An overview of scientific works which led to the development of this approach is first presented.Basic concepts of the approach are then presented in the case of electromagnetic devices.A step-by-step procedure for coding the approach in the case of a flat linear permanent magnet machine is presented.Codes developed under MATLAB and Scilab environments are also included.展开更多
Phase Change Materials(PCMs)have high thermal inertia,and hemp concrete(HC),a bio-based concrete,has strong hygroscopic behavior.In previous studies,PCM has been extensively combined with many materials,however,most o...Phase Change Materials(PCMs)have high thermal inertia,and hemp concrete(HC),a bio-based concrete,has strong hygroscopic behavior.In previous studies,PCM has been extensively combined with many materials,however,most of these studies focused on thermal properties while neglecting hygroscopic aspects.In this study,the two materials have been combined into a building envelope and the related hygrothermal properties have been studied.In particular,numerical studies have been performed to investigate the temperature and relative humidity behavior inside the HC,and the effect of adding PCM on the hygrothermal behavior of the HC.The results show that there is a high coupling between temperature and relative humidity inside the HC,since the relative humidity changes on the second and third days are different,with values of 8%and 4%,respectively.Also,the variation of relative humidity with temperature indicates the dominant influence of temperature on relative humidity variation.With the presence of PCM,the temperature variation inside the HC is damped due to the high thermal inertia of the PCM,which also leads to suppression of moisture evaporation and thus damping of relative humidity variation.On the second and third days,the temperature changes at the central position are reduced by 4.6%and 5.1%,compared to the quarter position.For the relative humidity change,the reductions are 5.3%and 5.4%on the second and third days,respectively.Therefore,PCM,with high thermal inertia,acts as a temperature damper and has the potential to increase the moisture buffering capacity inside the HC.This makes it possible for such a combined envelope to have both thermal and hygric inertia.展开更多
The quantitative determination of heavy metals in aquatic products is of great importance for food security issues.Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)has been used in a variety of foodstuff analysis,but is stil...The quantitative determination of heavy metals in aquatic products is of great importance for food security issues.Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)has been used in a variety of foodstuff analysis,but is still limited by its low sensitivity when targeting trace heavy metals.In this work,we compare three sample enrichment methods,namely drying,carbonization,and ashing,for increasing detection sensitivity by LIBS analysis for Pb and Cr in oyster samples.The results demonstrate that carbonization can remove a significant amount of the contributions of organic elements C,H,N and O;meanwhile,the signals of the metallic elements such as Cu,Pb,Sr,Ca,Cr and Mg are enhanced by3–6 times after carbonization,and further enhanced by 5–9 times after ashing.Such enhancement is not only due to the more concentrated metallic elements in the sample compared to the dried ones,but also the unifying of the matter in carbonized and ashed samples from which higher plasma temperature and electron density are observed.This condition favors the detection of trace elements.According to the calibration curves with univariate and multivariate analysis,the ashing method is considered to be the best choice.The limits of detection of the ashing method are 0.52 mg kg-1 for Pb and0.08 mg kg-1 for Cr,which can detect the presence of heavy metals in the oysters exceeding the maximum limits of Pb and Cr required by the Chinese national standard.This method provides a promising application for the heavy metal contamination monitoring in the aquatic product industry.展开更多
Despite the ever-increasing demand of nanofillers for thermal enhancement of polymer composites with higher thermal conductivity and irregular geometry,nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes(CNTs)have been constrained by...Despite the ever-increasing demand of nanofillers for thermal enhancement of polymer composites with higher thermal conductivity and irregular geometry,nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes(CNTs)have been constrained by the nonuniform dispersion and difficulty in constructing effective three-dimensional(3D)conduction network with low loading and desired isotropic or anisotropic(specific preferred heat conduction)performances.Herein,we illustrated the in-situ construction of CNT based 3D heat conduction networks with different directional performances.First,to in-situ construct an isotropic percolated conduction network,with spherical cores as support materials,we developed a confined-growth technique for CNT-core sea urchin(CNTSU)materials.With 21.0 wt.%CNTSU loading,the thermal conductivity of composites reached 1.43±0.13 W/(m·K).Secondly,with aligned hexagonal boron nitride(hBN)as an anisotropic support,we constructed CNT-hBN aligned networks by in-situ CNT growth,which improved the utilization efficiency of high density hBN and reduced the thermal interface resistance between matrix and fillers.With~8.5 wt.%loading,the composites possess thermal conductivity up to 0.86±0.14 W/(m·K),374%of that for neat matrix.Due to the uniformity of CNTs in hBN network,the synergistic thermal enhancement from one-dimensional(1D)+two-dimensional(2D)hybrid materials becomes more distinct.Based on the detailed experimental evidence,the importance of purposeful production of a uniformly interconnected heat conduction 3D network with desired directional performance can be observed,particularly compared with the traditional direct-mixing method.This study opens new possibilities for the preparation of high-power-density electronics packaging and interfacial materials when both directional thermal performance and complex composite geometry are simultaneously required.展开更多
Examples of photoluminescence(PL)are being reported with increasing frequency in a wide range of organisms from diverse ecosystems.However,the chemical basis of this PL remains poorly defined,and our understanding of i...Examples of photoluminescence(PL)are being reported with increasing frequency in a wide range of organisms from diverse ecosystems.However,the chemical basis of this PL remains poorly defined,and our understanding of its potential ecological function is still superficial.Among mammals,recent analyses have identified free-base por-phyrins as the compounds responsible for the reddish ultraviolet-induced photoluminescence(UV-PL)observed in the pelage of springhares and hedgehogs.However,the localization of the pigments within the hair largely remains to be determined.Here,we use photoluminescence multispectral imaging emission and excitation spec-troscopy to detect,map,and characterize porphyrinic compounds in skin appendages in situ.We also document new cases of mammalian UV-PL caused by free-base porphyrins in distantly related species.Spatial distribution of the UV-PL is strongly suggestive of an endogenous origin of the porphyrinic compounds.We argue that reddish UV-PL is predominantly observed in crepuscular and nocturnal mammals because porphyrins are photodegradable.Con-sequently,this phenomenon may not have a specific function in intra-or interspecific communication but rather represents a byproduct of potentially widespread physiological processes.展开更多
This paper deals with the experimental investigation of hygrothermal behavior of wooden-frame building enve-lope.The experiment was based on in-situ monitoring of a full size experimental monozone house built at the U...This paper deals with the experimental investigation of hygrothermal behavior of wooden-frame building enve-lope.The experiment was based on in-situ monitoring of a full size experimental monozone house built at the University of Lorraine.Variations in temperature and relative humidity inside and outside the envelope were logged simultaneously with local meteorological data.Results showed the high coupling between temperature and relative humidity variations within the envelope materials.An overall hygrothermal response of the wall highlighted an interesting hygrothermal dynamic behavior of the envelope which may contribute to mitigate variations of relative humidity inside the building.Nevertheless,relative humidity evolves within a range of values that can lead to mold growth at a certain position which may alter wooden envelope life.展开更多
With an increasing global population that is rapidly ageing,our society faces challenges that impact health,environment,and energy demand.With this ageing comes an accumulation of cellular changes that lead to the dev...With an increasing global population that is rapidly ageing,our society faces challenges that impact health,environment,and energy demand.With this ageing comes an accumulation of cellular changes that lead to the development of diseases and susceptibility to infections.This impacts not only the health system,but also the global economy.As the population increases,so does the demand for energy and the emission of pollutants,leading to a progressive degradation of our environment.This in turn impacts health through reduced access to arable land,clean water,and breathable air.New monitoring approaches to assist in environmental control and minimize the impact on health are urgently needed,leading to the development of new sensor technologies that are highly sensitive,rapid,and low-cost.Nanopore sensing is a new technology that helps to meet this purpose,with the potential to provide rapid point-of-care medical diagnosis,real-time on-site pollutant monitoring systems to manage environmental health,as well as integrated sensors to increase the efficiency and storage capacity of renewable energy sources.In this review we discuss how the powerful approach of nanopore based single-molecule,or particle,electrical promises to overcome existing and emerging societal challenges,providing new opportunities and tools for personalized medicine,localized environmental monitoring,and improved energy production and storage systems.展开更多
In the fields of materials science and life science,the ability to influence key properties of molecular systems by using light is of great significance.Photochromic compounds play a key role in such systems since the...In the fields of materials science and life science,the ability to influence key properties of molecular systems by using light is of great significance.Photochromic compounds play a key role in such systems since they can reversibly photoisomerize between two states[1].Among photochromic series,dithienylethenes(DTEs)can undergo reversible conrotatory 671 photocyclization and cycloreversion have drawn much attention due to the excellent thermal irreversibility and outstanding fatigue resistance[2].展开更多
Based on experimental data,this paper confirms,in a controlled environment,converging theoretical and empirical results that,when individuals insure,they choose to insure themselves with a full cover.This insurance be...Based on experimental data,this paper confirms,in a controlled environment,converging theoretical and empirical results that,when individuals insure,they choose to insure themselves with a full cover.This insurance behaviour creates an opportunity for the public authority to drive people to enter the insurance market where they would buy full insurance.This paper also sheds light on the risks of an opportunistic insurers’behaviour.This heuristic challenges the efficiency of separating contracts designed to address adverse selection issues.Indeed,a strong preference for full contracts may encourage low-risk individuals to turn to(full)contracts designed for high-risk individuals,yielding advantageous selection opportunities for insurers.However,if this heuristic strengthens the high-risks’reluctance for partial insurance,it may increase the efficiency of the separating contracts,and the lowrisk individuals suffer less from adverse selection.展开更多
Let Λ ? R^n be a uniformly discrete set and let C_Λ be the vector space consisting of all mean periodic functions whose spectrum is simple and contained in Λ. If Λ is a gentle set then for every f ∈ C_Λ we have ...Let Λ ? R^n be a uniformly discrete set and let C_Λ be the vector space consisting of all mean periodic functions whose spectrum is simple and contained in Λ. If Λ is a gentle set then for every f ∈ C_Λ we have f(x) = O(ω_Λ(x)) as |x| →∞ and ω_Λ(x) can be estimated(Theorem 4.1). This line of research was proposed by Jean-Pierre Kahane in 1957.展开更多
文摘The International Conference on Materials and Energy(ICOME)was held in Metz on June 2021 following the earlier successful conferences of the same series held in Tunisia in 2019,Spain in 2018,China in 2017,France in 2016 and Morocco in 2015.The 2021 event should be regarded as a late realization of the ICOME 2020 conferences,which had to be delayed due to the pandemic.A significant number of papers presented in the framework of this conference have been selected for publication in the Fluid Dynamics and Material Processing international peer reviewed Journal given the relevance of the treated subjects to the aims and scope of this journal and the high quality of these contributions.This foreword provides a critical review of the 2021 conference aims in relation to its potential impact on the fields of Materials and Energy and related societal benefits.
文摘Numerous models have been proposed in the literature to include phase change into numerical simulations of two-phase flows.This review paper presents the modeling options that have been taken in order to obtain a model for violent separated flows with application to sloshing wave impacts.A relaxation model based on linear non-equilibrium thermodynamics has been chosen to compute the rate of phase change.The integration in the system of partial differential equations is done through a non-conservative advection term.For each of these modelling choices,some alternative models from the literature are presented and discussed.The theoretical framework for all phase change model(conservation equations and entropy growth)is also summarized.
文摘This paper is an introduction to mesh based generated reluctance network modeling.An overview of scientific works which led to the development of this approach is first presented.Basic concepts of the approach are then presented in the case of electromagnetic devices.A step-by-step procedure for coding the approach in the case of a flat linear permanent magnet machine is presented.Codes developed under MATLAB and Scilab environments are also included.
基金We thank to the China Scholarship Council(CSC)for its financial support to the first author,No.201808120084.
文摘Phase Change Materials(PCMs)have high thermal inertia,and hemp concrete(HC),a bio-based concrete,has strong hygroscopic behavior.In previous studies,PCM has been extensively combined with many materials,however,most of these studies focused on thermal properties while neglecting hygroscopic aspects.In this study,the two materials have been combined into a building envelope and the related hygrothermal properties have been studied.In particular,numerical studies have been performed to investigate the temperature and relative humidity behavior inside the HC,and the effect of adding PCM on the hygrothermal behavior of the HC.The results show that there is a high coupling between temperature and relative humidity inside the HC,since the relative humidity changes on the second and third days are different,with values of 8%and 4%,respectively.Also,the variation of relative humidity with temperature indicates the dominant influence of temperature on relative humidity variation.With the presence of PCM,the temperature variation inside the HC is damped due to the high thermal inertia of the PCM,which also leads to suppression of moisture evaporation and thus damping of relative humidity variation.On the second and third days,the temperature changes at the central position are reduced by 4.6%and 5.1%,compared to the quarter position.For the relative humidity change,the reductions are 5.3%and 5.4%on the second and third days,respectively.Therefore,PCM,with high thermal inertia,acts as a temperature damper and has the potential to increase the moisture buffering capacity inside the HC.This makes it possible for such a combined envelope to have both thermal and hygric inertia.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFD0901701)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12174359and 61975190)Provincial Key Research and Development Program of Shandong,China(No.2019GHZ010)。
文摘The quantitative determination of heavy metals in aquatic products is of great importance for food security issues.Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)has been used in a variety of foodstuff analysis,but is still limited by its low sensitivity when targeting trace heavy metals.In this work,we compare three sample enrichment methods,namely drying,carbonization,and ashing,for increasing detection sensitivity by LIBS analysis for Pb and Cr in oyster samples.The results demonstrate that carbonization can remove a significant amount of the contributions of organic elements C,H,N and O;meanwhile,the signals of the metallic elements such as Cu,Pb,Sr,Ca,Cr and Mg are enhanced by3–6 times after carbonization,and further enhanced by 5–9 times after ashing.Such enhancement is not only due to the more concentrated metallic elements in the sample compared to the dried ones,but also the unifying of the matter in carbonized and ashed samples from which higher plasma temperature and electron density are observed.This condition favors the detection of trace elements.According to the calibration curves with univariate and multivariate analysis,the ashing method is considered to be the best choice.The limits of detection of the ashing method are 0.52 mg kg-1 for Pb and0.08 mg kg-1 for Cr,which can detect the presence of heavy metals in the oysters exceeding the maximum limits of Pb and Cr required by the Chinese national standard.This method provides a promising application for the heavy metal contamination monitoring in the aquatic product industry.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2018YFA0208402 and 2020YFA0714700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52172060,51820105002,11634014,and 51372269),Magna International,and EPSRC project“Advanced Nanotube Application and Manufacturing(ANAM)Initiative”(No.EP/M015211/1).
文摘Despite the ever-increasing demand of nanofillers for thermal enhancement of polymer composites with higher thermal conductivity and irregular geometry,nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes(CNTs)have been constrained by the nonuniform dispersion and difficulty in constructing effective three-dimensional(3D)conduction network with low loading and desired isotropic or anisotropic(specific preferred heat conduction)performances.Herein,we illustrated the in-situ construction of CNT based 3D heat conduction networks with different directional performances.First,to in-situ construct an isotropic percolated conduction network,with spherical cores as support materials,we developed a confined-growth technique for CNT-core sea urchin(CNTSU)materials.With 21.0 wt.%CNTSU loading,the thermal conductivity of composites reached 1.43±0.13 W/(m·K).Secondly,with aligned hexagonal boron nitride(hBN)as an anisotropic support,we constructed CNT-hBN aligned networks by in-situ CNT growth,which improved the utilization efficiency of high density hBN and reduced the thermal interface resistance between matrix and fillers.With~8.5 wt.%loading,the composites possess thermal conductivity up to 0.86±0.14 W/(m·K),374%of that for neat matrix.Due to the uniformity of CNTs in hBN network,the synergistic thermal enhancement from one-dimensional(1D)+two-dimensional(2D)hybrid materials becomes more distinct.Based on the detailed experimental evidence,the importance of purposeful production of a uniformly interconnected heat conduction 3D network with desired directional performance can be observed,particularly compared with the traditional direct-mixing method.This study opens new possibilities for the preparation of high-power-density electronics packaging and interfacial materials when both directional thermal performance and complex composite geometry are simultaneously required.
基金supported by the Elsa-Neumann-Stipendium(Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin)supported by the Fyssen Foundation and the Alexander Von Humboldt Foundation.
文摘Examples of photoluminescence(PL)are being reported with increasing frequency in a wide range of organisms from diverse ecosystems.However,the chemical basis of this PL remains poorly defined,and our understanding of its potential ecological function is still superficial.Among mammals,recent analyses have identified free-base por-phyrins as the compounds responsible for the reddish ultraviolet-induced photoluminescence(UV-PL)observed in the pelage of springhares and hedgehogs.However,the localization of the pigments within the hair largely remains to be determined.Here,we use photoluminescence multispectral imaging emission and excitation spec-troscopy to detect,map,and characterize porphyrinic compounds in skin appendages in situ.We also document new cases of mammalian UV-PL caused by free-base porphyrins in distantly related species.Spatial distribution of the UV-PL is strongly suggestive of an endogenous origin of the porphyrinic compounds.We argue that reddish UV-PL is predominantly observed in crepuscular and nocturnal mammals because porphyrins are photodegradable.Con-sequently,this phenomenon may not have a specific function in intra-or interspecific communication but rather represents a byproduct of potentially widespread physiological processes.
基金The French region Grand Est,the European Regional Development Fund and EMPP Scientific Pole of the University of Lorraine are acknowl-edged for their financial support.
文摘This paper deals with the experimental investigation of hygrothermal behavior of wooden-frame building enve-lope.The experiment was based on in-situ monitoring of a full size experimental monozone house built at the University of Lorraine.Variations in temperature and relative humidity inside and outside the envelope were logged simultaneously with local meteorological data.Results showed the high coupling between temperature and relative humidity variations within the envelope materials.An overall hygrothermal response of the wall highlighted an interesting hygrothermal dynamic behavior of the envelope which may contribute to mitigate variations of relative humidity inside the building.Nevertheless,relative humidity evolves within a range of values that can lead to mold growth at a certain position which may alter wooden envelope life.
基金financial support from DIM Respore,Region Ile de France(PhD grants),ANR Epsilomics(No.17-CE09-0044-02)CY Initiative of Excellence(“Investissements d’Avenir”No.ANR16-IDEX-0008)Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie(RS2E).
文摘With an increasing global population that is rapidly ageing,our society faces challenges that impact health,environment,and energy demand.With this ageing comes an accumulation of cellular changes that lead to the development of diseases and susceptibility to infections.This impacts not only the health system,but also the global economy.As the population increases,so does the demand for energy and the emission of pollutants,leading to a progressive degradation of our environment.This in turn impacts health through reduced access to arable land,clean water,and breathable air.New monitoring approaches to assist in environmental control and minimize the impact on health are urgently needed,leading to the development of new sensor technologies that are highly sensitive,rapid,and low-cost.Nanopore sensing is a new technology that helps to meet this purpose,with the potential to provide rapid point-of-care medical diagnosis,real-time on-site pollutant monitoring systems to manage environmental health,as well as integrated sensors to increase the efficiency and storage capacity of renewable energy sources.In this review we discuss how the powerful approach of nanopore based single-molecule,or particle,electrical promises to overcome existing and emerging societal challenges,providing new opportunities and tools for personalized medicine,localized environmental monitoring,and improved energy production and storage systems.
文摘In the fields of materials science and life science,the ability to influence key properties of molecular systems by using light is of great significance.Photochromic compounds play a key role in such systems since they can reversibly photoisomerize between two states[1].Among photochromic series,dithienylethenes(DTEs)can undergo reversible conrotatory 671 photocyclization and cycloreversion have drawn much attention due to the excellent thermal irreversibility and outstanding fatigue resistance[2].
基金This work is partially supported by a grant overseen by the French National Research Agency(ANR)in the Investissement d’Avenir programme,through the iCODE Institute project funded by the IDEX Paris-Saclay[Grant No.ANR-11-IDEX-0003-02]。
文摘Based on experimental data,this paper confirms,in a controlled environment,converging theoretical and empirical results that,when individuals insure,they choose to insure themselves with a full cover.This insurance behaviour creates an opportunity for the public authority to drive people to enter the insurance market where they would buy full insurance.This paper also sheds light on the risks of an opportunistic insurers’behaviour.This heuristic challenges the efficiency of separating contracts designed to address adverse selection issues.Indeed,a strong preference for full contracts may encourage low-risk individuals to turn to(full)contracts designed for high-risk individuals,yielding advantageous selection opportunities for insurers.However,if this heuristic strengthens the high-risks’reluctance for partial insurance,it may increase the efficiency of the separating contracts,and the lowrisk individuals suffer less from adverse selection.
基金supported by a grant from the Simons Foundation(Grant No.601950 YM)
文摘Let Λ ? R^n be a uniformly discrete set and let C_Λ be the vector space consisting of all mean periodic functions whose spectrum is simple and contained in Λ. If Λ is a gentle set then for every f ∈ C_Λ we have f(x) = O(ω_Λ(x)) as |x| →∞ and ω_Λ(x) can be estimated(Theorem 4.1). This line of research was proposed by Jean-Pierre Kahane in 1957.
