Background: Many children in Nigeria suffer from detrimental, debilitating and lifelong neurologic disorders, many of which are highly preventable using simple, cost-effective interventions. Objective: To examine the ...Background: Many children in Nigeria suffer from detrimental, debilitating and lifelong neurologic disorders, many of which are highly preventable using simple, cost-effective interventions. Objective: To examine the pattern of neurological disorders among children presenting at the neurology unit of Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital Amaku, Awka, Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective review of the hospital records of children who presented at the Paediatric Neurology Unit between 1st March 2020 and 31st March 2022 was carried out. Data were abstracted using a proforma and analyzed using SPSS Version 21. Results: A total of 138 children aged 0 to 15 years were seen in the unit during the period under review. 115 (83.35%) of these children were diagnosed with chronic neurological disorders. Those with chronic neurological disorders had a male:female ratio of 1.9:1, and the majority (65%) of them were below 5 years of age. The most common presenting complaints were delayed milestones (43.4%), seizures (23.8%), and speech disorders (17.2%). The most typical diagnosis was cerebral palsy (CP) (34.7%), seizure disorder (29.8%) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (8.9%). Perinatal asphyxia (47.7%), neonatal jaundice (17.0%) and central nervous system infections (CNS) infections (12.5%) were identified as the major risk factors responsible for these neurologic disorders. Conclusion: Cerebral palsy and seizure disorders constitute the major neurological disorders among children seen in our institution. Efforts should be intensified at reducing the incidence and impact of perinatal asphyxia, neonatal jaundice and CNS infections, identified as the major culprits, to curb the menace of these debilitating lifelong neurologic sequelae.展开更多
目的系统评价心血管疾病患者运动恐惧评估工具的测量学特性及方法学质量,为医护人员选择高质量的评估工具提供参考。方法系统检索Embase、the Cochrane Libranry.PubMed.Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库...目的系统评价心血管疾病患者运动恐惧评估工具的测量学特性及方法学质量,为医护人员选择高质量的评估工具提供参考。方法系统检索Embase、the Cochrane Libranry.PubMed.Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、CINAHL和维普数据库中有关心血管疾病患者运动恐惧量表测量属性的研究,检索时限为建库至2023年4月1日,并追溯纳人文献的参考文献以补充相关文献。两名研究员按照纳人排除标准,独立筛选文献、提取数据,并使用COSMIN偏倚风险检查表独立评估量表的方法学质量,使用COSMIN标准评估量表评价测量学特性,使用改良版定量系统评价证据分级评估证据等级。结果共纳人17项研究,对6个心血管疾病患者运动恐惧评估工具(包含不同语言版本)的心理测量学特性进行了评价,仅有2项研究报告的量表内容效度方法学质量为很好,其余研究报告的量表内容效度方法学质量为模糊。关于跨文化有效性/测量不变性、测量误差和反应性的信息较少。瑞典语版及中文版坦帕运动恐惧症量表(the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia Heart,TSK Heart)为A类推荐,其他工具为B类推荐。结论现有研究中报告的瑞典语版和中文版TSKHeart的方法学及测量学属性质量相对较高,可被推荐使用,其余量表的测量学特性有待进--步验证。展开更多
Objective:To investigate the antimalarial activity of ethanol extract of Aspilin africana (A.africana) leaf.Methods:The ethanol extract of A.africana leaf(100-400 mg/kg) was screened for blood schizonticidal effect ag...Objective:To investigate the antimalarial activity of ethanol extract of Aspilin africana (A.africana) leaf.Methods:The ethanol extract of A.africana leaf(100-400 mg/kg) was screened for blood schizonticidal effect against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei(P. berghei) in mice both in early and established models of antimalarial studies.Results:The leaf extract exhibited significant(P【0.05) antiplasmodial activity in 4-day early infection and in established infection tests with a considerable mean survival time comparable to that of standard drug,chloroquine(10 mg/kg).Conclusions:The findings show thai ethanol extract of A.africana leaf possesses potent antiplasmodial activity which justify the use in ethnomedicine and can be developed in malaria therapy.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Guiera senegalensis(G.senegalensis)on gastric mucosal damage using different ulcer models.Methods:Considering the above claims,the present study was undertak...Objective:To evaluate the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Guiera senegalensis(G.senegalensis)on gastric mucosal damage using different ulcer models.Methods:Considering the above claims,the present study was undertaken to validate the gastroprotective potential of the aqueous leaf extract of this plant against ethanol,water immersion and Aspirin induced ulcer models.Results:The leaf extract(50,100 and 200 mg/kg,p.o.)significantly(P<0.05)decreased the ulcer index in all assays used.Conclusions:The results obtained,provide strong evidence of antiulcer activity of the leaf extract of G.senegalensis and support the traditional uses of the plant for the treatment of ulcer.展开更多
Mastering anatomic structures of acupoints is of active significance for avoiding blindly needling and preventing accidents of acupuncture and moxibustion. This multimedia animation system of acupoint anatomy adopts F...Mastering anatomic structures of acupoints is of active significance for avoiding blindly needling and preventing accidents of acupuncture and moxibustion. This multimedia animation system of acupoint anatomy adopts Flash software as developing tool and can dynamically display anatomic layers of needle insertion, with objectivity, convenient operation and English-Chinese control,higher reliability, easy to study and master anatomic knowledge of acupoint anatomy, increase teaching efficiency, and richen teaching ways. This system can be used as a teaching tool of acupuncture and moxibustion, a software of studying anatomy of acupoints and an adjuvant tool of medical workers in studying anatomy.展开更多
Purpose:To evaluate the relationship between the position of the focal adjustment knob of a fundus camera and refractive error and biometric data as measured in the same eye.Methods:Normal eyes of patients presenting ...Purpose:To evaluate the relationship between the position of the focal adjustment knob of a fundus camera and refractive error and biometric data as measured in the same eye.Methods:Normal eyes of patients presenting to clinics at the Beijing Tongren Hospital were examined with a non-mydriatic fundus camera.The position on the focal scale of a knob adjusting the distance between the camera lens and film plane,used to adjust focus the image of the patients fundus relative to the refractive power of the eye,was recorded in degrees.Ocular biometry and refractometry were performed on the same eyes.Results:The study included 136 subjects with a mean age of 36.5 ±19.6 years and a mean refractive error of-1.31 ±2.77 diopters.In univariate analysis,the position of the adjustment knob was significantly associated with refractive error.(P < 0.001;correlation coefficient r=-0.77),axial length.(P<0.001;r=0.65) and anterior chamber depth (P<0.001;r=0.48).After adjustment for age,anterior chamber depth decreased by 0.01 mm(95% confidence interval:0.003,0.017) for change per degree in the position of the adjustment knob.Conclusion:A fundus camera can be used to estimate anterior chamber depth,axial length and refractive error.In a screening setting,a fundus camera operated by a technician may be helpful to detect a shallow anterior chamber and evaluate a potential risk factor for primary angle closure.展开更多
Objective:Explore the feasibility of the high precision accelerometer for measuring the human respiratory displacement.Methods:A wireless acceleration acquisition system with the low power consumption and the high pre...Objective:Explore the feasibility of the high precision accelerometer for measuring the human respiratory displacement.Methods:A wireless acceleration acquisition system with the low power consumption and the high precision was designed with the high precision acceleration sensor ADXL355 as the core device.Based on the frequency characteristics of the breathing motion and the principle that the displacement can be calculated by the acceleration quadratic integration,two displacement measurement algorithms for the quasi-periodic weak motion are designed.Results:The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is effective.The experimental results show that the designed acquisition system and algorithm can calculate the human respiratory displacement.Conclusion:The high precision accelerometer can be used to measure the human respiratory displacement,which provides a new method for the measurement of the human respiratory displacement.展开更多
Background: The prevalence of obesity among adolescent has been on the increase worldwide. This is probably a result of increase in the sedentary life style and the increasing shift to western diet. Obesity in childre...Background: The prevalence of obesity among adolescent has been on the increase worldwide. This is probably a result of increase in the sedentary life style and the increasing shift to western diet. Obesity in children and adolescents has adverse consequences. These include increase in the rate of Diabetes Mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, etc with resultant increase in premature deaths. Objectives: To determine the socio-demographic and behavioral factors associated with overweight and obesity in apparently healthy secondary school adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of secondary school adolescents aged 10 - 19 years randomly selected from two public schools and three private schools. The weight and heights of study subjects were measured using standard equipment. Body mass index (BMI) was appropriately calculated and the WHO growth reference standard for age and gender, specific percentile for BMI was used to define overweight 85<sup>th</sup> to 97<sup>th</sup> and obese (97<sup>th</sup> percentile and above). Results: Data were initially collected from 1250 participants, but 52 were excluded due to improperly completed questionnaires. Thus, a total of 1198 students were ultimately included in the study, giving a response rate of 95.8%. These included 621 females (51.8%) and 577 males (48.2%) aged 10 - 19 years giving a F:M ratio of 1:0.9. The mean age of the students was 15.07 ± 1.96 years overall, 15.13 ± 2.08 years for males and 15.03 ± 1.83 years for females. There was no statistically significant difference between male and female in the distribution of age groups (p = 0.12). The mean BMI was 21.51 ± 3.57 kg/m<sup>2</sup> for females and 20.22 ± 3.16 kg/m<sup>2</sup> for males. The BMI was significantly higher in females in all age groups (p < 0.001) except those aged 10 - p = 0.13). The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were higher in females than males (17.7% vs 10.7%, 5.6% vs 4.5% respectively;p ≤ 12 yrs;p = 0.04). The frequent consumption of sugar based beverages (p p p = 0.03) were significantly associated with both overweight and obesity (p p p < 0.001) were also significantly associated with obesity. Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors such as gender, socioeconomic status and behavioral patterns were major contributors to obesity. Behavioral interventions including regulating the intake of sugar based beverages and reducing the time spent on sedentary activities could be useful strategies in reducing the high prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents.展开更多
To determine the molecular mechanism of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, we examined the micro RNA(mi RNA) expression profile in rat cortex after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury using mi RNA microarray...To determine the molecular mechanism of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, we examined the micro RNA(mi RNA) expression profile in rat cortex after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury using mi RNA microarrays and bioinformatic tools to systematically analyze Gene Ontology(GO) function classifications, as well as the signaling pathways of genes targeted by these differentially expressed mi RNAs. Our results show significantly changed mi RNA expression profiles in the reperfusion period after focal cerebral ischemia, with a total of 15 mi RNAs up-regulated and 44 mi RNAs down-regulated. Target genes of these differentially expressed mi RNAs were mainly involved in metabolic and cellular processes, which were identified as hub nodes of a mi RNA-GO-network. The most correlated pathways included D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, the renin-angiotensin system, peroxisomes, the PPAR signaling pathway, SNARE interactions in vesicular transport, and the calcium signaling pathway. Our study suggests that mi RNAs play an important role in the pathological process of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Understanding mi RNA expression and function may shed light on the molecular mechanism of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: Umbilical cord infections complicate to neonatal sepsis that significan...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: Umbilical cord infections complicate to neonatal sepsis that significantly contributes to neonatal mortality worldwide. There is paucity of data on the incidence, factors associated with neonatal umbilical cord infections in western Uganda</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">yet nursing mothers continue to practice potentially dangerous cord care practices. We described the incidence, factors associated with umbilical cord infections and cord care practices by nursing mothers at a tertiary hospital in western Uganda. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: This was a hospital based cross sectional study at a tertiary hospital in western Uganda between the months of March and June 2019. Two hundred and forty (240) neonates aged between 2 </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> days attending the neonatal </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">unit</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were recruited in the study. Umbilical cord infection was assessed based on the World Health Organisation (WHO) clinical definition: finding of any of discharge, redness and swelling on the umbilical stump. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, maternal and neonatal perinatal factors and cord care practices of the nursing mothers were analysed by bivariate and multivariate logistic regression using STATA 13.0 to determine factors associated with umbilical cord infection. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: Sixty-five, 65 (27.1%) neonates had at least one sign of cord infection. Majority of the nursing mothers, 168 (70%) do not use the recommended umbilical cord care practices. Among these, 73 (30.4%) do not cleanse the cord while 95 (39.6%) cleanse with application of a dangerous substance. Application of dangerous substance to the cord (aOR: 3.0, 95%</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CI: 1.37 - 6.37, p = 0.006) and maternal secondary education level (aOR = 2.1, CI = 1.01 - 4.18, p = 0.046) were significantly associated with umbilical cord infection. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusions</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: The incidence of neonatal umbilical cord infection is high in this setting.</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Application of a dangerous substance to the umbilical stump and maternal secondary education level were significantly associated with umbilical cord infection.</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Clinicians should routinely examine the umbilical stump of every neonate for the signs of infection and encourage mothers to avoid application of dangerous substances to the cord. Maternal education on the recommended cord care practices during antenatal and postnatal period could reduce the incidence of umbilical cord infection among neonates in low resource setting.展开更多
Background: It is well-founded that empathy is an attribute that increases the likelihood of good communication between health professionals and patients, and it is usual that there is the conviction that empathy leve...Background: It is well-founded that empathy is an attribute that increases the likelihood of good communication between health professionals and patients, and it is usual that there is the conviction that empathy levels are higher in women than in men. Aims: A study comparing levels of empathy gender of students in 18 schools of dentistry from six Latin American countries was conducted. Method: An exploratory cross-sectional study of which empathy levels were measured by the Jefferson Scale of Empathy for dental students (S version) and these levels were compared between genders by t-student test, after verification of normal distribution and homoscedasticity. Results: Variability was found in the results of the comparisons. In some cases, empathy levels were higher in women, others in men and in most of them there were no differences between genders. Conclusions: The observed results do not support the belief that women are more empathetic than men. However, more studies must be performed in more powers and countries to verify that the results described constitute a scientific fact and not just a feature of dental students specifically in the countries studied.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the antiulcer activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Byrsocarpus coccineus,a plant used in herbal medicine for the management of various diseases in Nigeria.Methods:Ethanol-,acetylsalicylic acid-,...Objective:To evaluate the antiulcer activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Byrsocarpus coccineus,a plant used in herbal medicine for the management of various diseases in Nigeria.Methods:Ethanol-,acetylsalicylic acid-,histamine-and water immersion stress-induced gastric ulcers in rats were used to investigate the antiulcer activity of the leaf extract.Acute toxicity studies were also carried out.Results:The ethanolic leaf extract significantly(P<0.05)reduced the ulcer index in all assays used with the maximal antiulcer activity recorded at 400 mg/kg.The LD_(50)values obtained were greater than 5000 mg/kg in rats.Conclusions:The implication of this finding is that Byrsocarpus coccineus ethanolic leaf extract possesses potent antiulcer activity and the leaf of this plant can serve as a potential source of safe and affordable antiulcer agents.展开更多
文摘Background: Many children in Nigeria suffer from detrimental, debilitating and lifelong neurologic disorders, many of which are highly preventable using simple, cost-effective interventions. Objective: To examine the pattern of neurological disorders among children presenting at the neurology unit of Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital Amaku, Awka, Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective review of the hospital records of children who presented at the Paediatric Neurology Unit between 1st March 2020 and 31st March 2022 was carried out. Data were abstracted using a proforma and analyzed using SPSS Version 21. Results: A total of 138 children aged 0 to 15 years were seen in the unit during the period under review. 115 (83.35%) of these children were diagnosed with chronic neurological disorders. Those with chronic neurological disorders had a male:female ratio of 1.9:1, and the majority (65%) of them were below 5 years of age. The most common presenting complaints were delayed milestones (43.4%), seizures (23.8%), and speech disorders (17.2%). The most typical diagnosis was cerebral palsy (CP) (34.7%), seizure disorder (29.8%) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (8.9%). Perinatal asphyxia (47.7%), neonatal jaundice (17.0%) and central nervous system infections (CNS) infections (12.5%) were identified as the major risk factors responsible for these neurologic disorders. Conclusion: Cerebral palsy and seizure disorders constitute the major neurological disorders among children seen in our institution. Efforts should be intensified at reducing the incidence and impact of perinatal asphyxia, neonatal jaundice and CNS infections, identified as the major culprits, to curb the menace of these debilitating lifelong neurologic sequelae.
基金supported by the Project Supported by Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department[Y202352490]Funding organizations played no role in the design,implementation and analysis of the survey.
文摘目的系统评价心血管疾病患者运动恐惧评估工具的测量学特性及方法学质量,为医护人员选择高质量的评估工具提供参考。方法系统检索Embase、the Cochrane Libranry.PubMed.Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、CINAHL和维普数据库中有关心血管疾病患者运动恐惧量表测量属性的研究,检索时限为建库至2023年4月1日,并追溯纳人文献的参考文献以补充相关文献。两名研究员按照纳人排除标准,独立筛选文献、提取数据,并使用COSMIN偏倚风险检查表独立评估量表的方法学质量,使用COSMIN标准评估量表评价测量学特性,使用改良版定量系统评价证据分级评估证据等级。结果共纳人17项研究,对6个心血管疾病患者运动恐惧评估工具(包含不同语言版本)的心理测量学特性进行了评价,仅有2项研究报告的量表内容效度方法学质量为很好,其余研究报告的量表内容效度方法学质量为模糊。关于跨文化有效性/测量不变性、测量误差和反应性的信息较少。瑞典语版及中文版坦帕运动恐惧症量表(the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia Heart,TSK Heart)为A类推荐,其他工具为B类推荐。结论现有研究中报告的瑞典语版和中文版TSKHeart的方法学及测量学属性质量相对较高,可被推荐使用,其余量表的测量学特性有待进--步验证。
文摘Objective:To investigate the antimalarial activity of ethanol extract of Aspilin africana (A.africana) leaf.Methods:The ethanol extract of A.africana leaf(100-400 mg/kg) was screened for blood schizonticidal effect against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei(P. berghei) in mice both in early and established models of antimalarial studies.Results:The leaf extract exhibited significant(P【0.05) antiplasmodial activity in 4-day early infection and in established infection tests with a considerable mean survival time comparable to that of standard drug,chloroquine(10 mg/kg).Conclusions:The findings show thai ethanol extract of A.africana leaf possesses potent antiplasmodial activity which justify the use in ethnomedicine and can be developed in malaria therapy.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Guiera senegalensis(G.senegalensis)on gastric mucosal damage using different ulcer models.Methods:Considering the above claims,the present study was undertaken to validate the gastroprotective potential of the aqueous leaf extract of this plant against ethanol,water immersion and Aspirin induced ulcer models.Results:The leaf extract(50,100 and 200 mg/kg,p.o.)significantly(P<0.05)decreased the ulcer index in all assays used.Conclusions:The results obtained,provide strong evidence of antiulcer activity of the leaf extract of G.senegalensis and support the traditional uses of the plant for the treatment of ulcer.
文摘Mastering anatomic structures of acupoints is of active significance for avoiding blindly needling and preventing accidents of acupuncture and moxibustion. This multimedia animation system of acupoint anatomy adopts Flash software as developing tool and can dynamically display anatomic layers of needle insertion, with objectivity, convenient operation and English-Chinese control,higher reliability, easy to study and master anatomic knowledge of acupoint anatomy, increase teaching efficiency, and richen teaching ways. This system can be used as a teaching tool of acupuncture and moxibustion, a software of studying anatomy of acupoints and an adjuvant tool of medical workers in studying anatomy.
文摘Purpose:To evaluate the relationship between the position of the focal adjustment knob of a fundus camera and refractive error and biometric data as measured in the same eye.Methods:Normal eyes of patients presenting to clinics at the Beijing Tongren Hospital were examined with a non-mydriatic fundus camera.The position on the focal scale of a knob adjusting the distance between the camera lens and film plane,used to adjust focus the image of the patients fundus relative to the refractive power of the eye,was recorded in degrees.Ocular biometry and refractometry were performed on the same eyes.Results:The study included 136 subjects with a mean age of 36.5 ±19.6 years and a mean refractive error of-1.31 ±2.77 diopters.In univariate analysis,the position of the adjustment knob was significantly associated with refractive error.(P < 0.001;correlation coefficient r=-0.77),axial length.(P<0.001;r=0.65) and anterior chamber depth (P<0.001;r=0.48).After adjustment for age,anterior chamber depth decreased by 0.01 mm(95% confidence interval:0.003,0.017) for change per degree in the position of the adjustment knob.Conclusion:A fundus camera can be used to estimate anterior chamber depth,axial length and refractive error.In a screening setting,a fundus camera operated by a technician may be helpful to detect a shallow anterior chamber and evaluate a potential risk factor for primary angle closure.
文摘Objective:Explore the feasibility of the high precision accelerometer for measuring the human respiratory displacement.Methods:A wireless acceleration acquisition system with the low power consumption and the high precision was designed with the high precision acceleration sensor ADXL355 as the core device.Based on the frequency characteristics of the breathing motion and the principle that the displacement can be calculated by the acceleration quadratic integration,two displacement measurement algorithms for the quasi-periodic weak motion are designed.Results:The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is effective.The experimental results show that the designed acquisition system and algorithm can calculate the human respiratory displacement.Conclusion:The high precision accelerometer can be used to measure the human respiratory displacement,which provides a new method for the measurement of the human respiratory displacement.
文摘Background: The prevalence of obesity among adolescent has been on the increase worldwide. This is probably a result of increase in the sedentary life style and the increasing shift to western diet. Obesity in children and adolescents has adverse consequences. These include increase in the rate of Diabetes Mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, etc with resultant increase in premature deaths. Objectives: To determine the socio-demographic and behavioral factors associated with overweight and obesity in apparently healthy secondary school adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of secondary school adolescents aged 10 - 19 years randomly selected from two public schools and three private schools. The weight and heights of study subjects were measured using standard equipment. Body mass index (BMI) was appropriately calculated and the WHO growth reference standard for age and gender, specific percentile for BMI was used to define overweight 85<sup>th</sup> to 97<sup>th</sup> and obese (97<sup>th</sup> percentile and above). Results: Data were initially collected from 1250 participants, but 52 were excluded due to improperly completed questionnaires. Thus, a total of 1198 students were ultimately included in the study, giving a response rate of 95.8%. These included 621 females (51.8%) and 577 males (48.2%) aged 10 - 19 years giving a F:M ratio of 1:0.9. The mean age of the students was 15.07 ± 1.96 years overall, 15.13 ± 2.08 years for males and 15.03 ± 1.83 years for females. There was no statistically significant difference between male and female in the distribution of age groups (p = 0.12). The mean BMI was 21.51 ± 3.57 kg/m<sup>2</sup> for females and 20.22 ± 3.16 kg/m<sup>2</sup> for males. The BMI was significantly higher in females in all age groups (p < 0.001) except those aged 10 - p = 0.13). The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were higher in females than males (17.7% vs 10.7%, 5.6% vs 4.5% respectively;p ≤ 12 yrs;p = 0.04). The frequent consumption of sugar based beverages (p p p = 0.03) were significantly associated with both overweight and obesity (p p p < 0.001) were also significantly associated with obesity. Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors such as gender, socioeconomic status and behavioral patterns were major contributors to obesity. Behavioral interventions including regulating the intake of sugar based beverages and reducing the time spent on sedentary activities could be useful strategies in reducing the high prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNo.81271358+1 种基金Yunnan Science Foundation of ChinaNo.2013FZ199
文摘To determine the molecular mechanism of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, we examined the micro RNA(mi RNA) expression profile in rat cortex after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury using mi RNA microarrays and bioinformatic tools to systematically analyze Gene Ontology(GO) function classifications, as well as the signaling pathways of genes targeted by these differentially expressed mi RNAs. Our results show significantly changed mi RNA expression profiles in the reperfusion period after focal cerebral ischemia, with a total of 15 mi RNAs up-regulated and 44 mi RNAs down-regulated. Target genes of these differentially expressed mi RNAs were mainly involved in metabolic and cellular processes, which were identified as hub nodes of a mi RNA-GO-network. The most correlated pathways included D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, the renin-angiotensin system, peroxisomes, the PPAR signaling pathway, SNARE interactions in vesicular transport, and the calcium signaling pathway. Our study suggests that mi RNAs play an important role in the pathological process of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Understanding mi RNA expression and function may shed light on the molecular mechanism of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: Umbilical cord infections complicate to neonatal sepsis that significantly contributes to neonatal mortality worldwide. There is paucity of data on the incidence, factors associated with neonatal umbilical cord infections in western Uganda</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">yet nursing mothers continue to practice potentially dangerous cord care practices. We described the incidence, factors associated with umbilical cord infections and cord care practices by nursing mothers at a tertiary hospital in western Uganda. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: This was a hospital based cross sectional study at a tertiary hospital in western Uganda between the months of March and June 2019. Two hundred and forty (240) neonates aged between 2 </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> days attending the neonatal </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">unit</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were recruited in the study. Umbilical cord infection was assessed based on the World Health Organisation (WHO) clinical definition: finding of any of discharge, redness and swelling on the umbilical stump. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, maternal and neonatal perinatal factors and cord care practices of the nursing mothers were analysed by bivariate and multivariate logistic regression using STATA 13.0 to determine factors associated with umbilical cord infection. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: Sixty-five, 65 (27.1%) neonates had at least one sign of cord infection. Majority of the nursing mothers, 168 (70%) do not use the recommended umbilical cord care practices. Among these, 73 (30.4%) do not cleanse the cord while 95 (39.6%) cleanse with application of a dangerous substance. Application of dangerous substance to the cord (aOR: 3.0, 95%</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CI: 1.37 - 6.37, p = 0.006) and maternal secondary education level (aOR = 2.1, CI = 1.01 - 4.18, p = 0.046) were significantly associated with umbilical cord infection. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusions</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: The incidence of neonatal umbilical cord infection is high in this setting.</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Application of a dangerous substance to the umbilical stump and maternal secondary education level were significantly associated with umbilical cord infection.</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Clinicians should routinely examine the umbilical stump of every neonate for the signs of infection and encourage mothers to avoid application of dangerous substances to the cord. Maternal education on the recommended cord care practices during antenatal and postnatal period could reduce the incidence of umbilical cord infection among neonates in low resource setting.
文摘Background: It is well-founded that empathy is an attribute that increases the likelihood of good communication between health professionals and patients, and it is usual that there is the conviction that empathy levels are higher in women than in men. Aims: A study comparing levels of empathy gender of students in 18 schools of dentistry from six Latin American countries was conducted. Method: An exploratory cross-sectional study of which empathy levels were measured by the Jefferson Scale of Empathy for dental students (S version) and these levels were compared between genders by t-student test, after verification of normal distribution and homoscedasticity. Results: Variability was found in the results of the comparisons. In some cases, empathy levels were higher in women, others in men and in most of them there were no differences between genders. Conclusions: The observed results do not support the belief that women are more empathetic than men. However, more studies must be performed in more powers and countries to verify that the results described constitute a scientific fact and not just a feature of dental students specifically in the countries studied.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the antiulcer activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Byrsocarpus coccineus,a plant used in herbal medicine for the management of various diseases in Nigeria.Methods:Ethanol-,acetylsalicylic acid-,histamine-and water immersion stress-induced gastric ulcers in rats were used to investigate the antiulcer activity of the leaf extract.Acute toxicity studies were also carried out.Results:The ethanolic leaf extract significantly(P<0.05)reduced the ulcer index in all assays used with the maximal antiulcer activity recorded at 400 mg/kg.The LD_(50)values obtained were greater than 5000 mg/kg in rats.Conclusions:The implication of this finding is that Byrsocarpus coccineus ethanolic leaf extract possesses potent antiulcer activity and the leaf of this plant can serve as a potential source of safe and affordable antiulcer agents.
