Objective: Study the contribution of the DIVA 3D dissection table in the teaching of anatomy at the Faculty of Medicine and Odontology of Bamako. Material and Methods: This was a qualitative study carried out from Nov...Objective: Study the contribution of the DIVA 3D dissection table in the teaching of anatomy at the Faculty of Medicine and Odontology of Bamako. Material and Methods: This was a qualitative study carried out from November 1 to December 30, 2023 at the clinical and morphological anatomy laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology of Bamako. Included in this study were students who participated in practical and tutorial sessions. The variables studied during this study were: the previous performance of dissection on a cadaver by the students, the opinion of the students on dissection on a cadaver, the replacement of dissection on a cadaver by virtual dissection in the absence of a body, the level student satisfaction. Results: We surveyed 130 participants. The average age was 22 ± 0.2 years with extremes of 17 and 29 years. 95.3% of participants were students. According to 66.7% of participants, virtual dissection is a good palliative in the absence of a corpse. 95.3% of participants found using the virtual dissection table easy with an average of 7.88 ± 1.4. The overall assessment was well rated by 99.3% of participants. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the virtual dissection table should be improved by integrating commented videos. The use of the DIVA 3D virtual dissection table during practical and tutorial sessions is well appreciated by the students. We believe that the teaching of anatomy using 3D digital technology should be included in the study programs of the Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology.展开更多
Cervical cancer is the one of the most common cancer in female patients inThailand. Radiotherapy has the role for the treatment of cervical cancer by postoperative, radical and palliative treatments. For radical radio...Cervical cancer is the one of the most common cancer in female patients inThailand. Radiotherapy has the role for the treatment of cervical cancer by postoperative, radical and palliative treatments. For radical radiotherapy, the combination of external beam radiation therapy and brachytherapy will be used to increase the tumor dose to curative goal. With the new development of medical images (Computed tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or Ultrasonography (US)), the treatment with brachytherapy will be developed from point-based to volume-based concepts. Many studies reported the benefit of image-based brachytherapy over conventional brachytherapy and clinical benefit of using image-based brachytherapy in the treatment of cervical cancer.展开更多
Purpose: To report the retrospective study of using intravaginal brachytherapy as adjuvant monotherapy for endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods: From 2001-2009, 47 patients who received completely surgical stagin...Purpose: To report the retrospective study of using intravaginal brachytherapy as adjuvant monotherapy for endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods: From 2001-2009, 47 patients who received completely surgical staging for endometrial carcinoma and were designed by multidisciplinary team were enrolled. All patients received intravaginal brachytherapy (IVBT) with the dose of 5.5 - 7 Gy in 2 - 6 fractions. The treatment results and late toxicities were evaluated and recorded. Results: At the median follow-up time of 44 months, the local control, disease-free survival, metastasis-free survival and overall survival rates were 100%, 97.9%, 97.9% and, 97.9%, respectively. Only age showed the statistical significance with the p-value of 0.046. Two patients (4.3%) developed late genitourinary toxicity. Conclusion: The using of adjuvant IVBT as monotherapy for endometrial carcinoma is feasible.展开更多
Introduction: Self evaluation is a process that defines and collects required data to judge about decision making issues at educational system on whether the educational department is fit to educate students? The obje...Introduction: Self evaluation is a process that defines and collects required data to judge about decision making issues at educational system on whether the educational department is fit to educate students? The objective of this study was determining the quality of the structural elements of the department of Communicable Diseases & determining the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to improve the quality of activities in the department under research. Materials and Methods: The employed method was Mixed methods (qualitative & quantitative research), on the basis of 10 procedural steps and within 8 sections dealing with evaluated factors;such as 1) organizational and management structure 2) scientific board members 3) students 4) Manpower 5) Space of educational research and health care 6) Equipment 7) curriculum 8) satisfaction of graduates, which were studied using 61 criteria and 172 indicators. Five-point Likert Scale was used for the responses in the questionnaire (1 - 1.75 = undesirable, to 4.2 - 5 completely desirable). Finally the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics indices and the assessment software of the Educational Development Center of TUMS. The instruments used in this method included assessment software, interview, observation and self-prepared questionnaire which consisted of 7 questionnaires and 2 check lists. Finding: The results of the research showed that general average of 8 investigating sections was 56.9% as a rather desirable research work. Conclusions: Therefore, it was concluded that function of the educational management in that group was directly in line with evaluation process, but continuing the process of evaluation seems necessary.展开更多
Purpose: To report the retrospective study of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) ± intravaginal brachytherapy (IVBT) as adjuvant treatment for endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods: From 2001-2009, 152 patient...Purpose: To report the retrospective study of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) ± intravaginal brachytherapy (IVBT) as adjuvant treatment for endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods: From 2001-2009, 152 patients received complete surgical staging for endometrial carcinoma and were designed by a multidisciplinary team to receive EBRT ± IVBT. The treatment results and late toxicities were evaluated and recorded. Results: At the median follow-up time of 43 months, the disease-free survival, metastasis-free survival and overall survival rates were 96.9%, 96.9% and 96.9%, respectively. Stage and age showed the statistical significance with the p-value of less than 0.001. From five to ten percent of patients developed Grades 1-2 late gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicities, respectively. Conclusion: The using of adjuvant EBRT ± IVBT for endometrial?carcinoma yielded treatment results and acceptable toxicities.展开更多
Background: Lack of available reference values in a research setting under local conditions can be a drawback for beginners, as the accuracy of data from control samples cannot be checked at the beginning of a researc...Background: Lack of available reference values in a research setting under local conditions can be a drawback for beginners, as the accuracy of data from control samples cannot be checked at the beginning of a research project. This affects comparisons with data from test samples. To avoid these complications in their research projects,beginners tend to have a greater number of animals in the control group compared to test groups in order to have control group measurements within 2 SDs of the mean.Methods: As non-availability of reference values was a long-felt need, the described project was conducted in order to establish a reference database for selected haematological, biochemical and physiological parameters using apparently healthy Sprague-Dawley rats bred in the Animal House of Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo(UCFM).Results: Differences in mean values of packed cell volume(PCV), mean corpuscular volume(MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC), serum creatinine and blood glucose levels between the two genders were statistically significant. Lipid profile measurements did not differ significantly between genders, but mean and median values of triglycerides(TG) between male and female rats showed a difference of more than 10 mg/dL. The liver enzymes alkaline phosphatase(AP)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) were also statistically significantly different between sexes. Despite wide variation in mean alanine aminotransferase(ALT)between sexes, the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion: The findings of this project should support to a certain extent the"Reduction" aspect of the 3 Rs concept of Russell and Burch by reducing the number of Sprague-Dawley rats used in future research projects at UCFM.展开更多
Aim: This study aimed at describing the anatomical variations of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve and at estimating the frequency of nerves at risk during the thyroid surgery. Methodology: We realiz...Aim: This study aimed at describing the anatomical variations of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve and at estimating the frequency of nerves at risk during the thyroid surgery. Methodology: We realized a forward-looking study from September, 2016 in May 31st, 2018 in the laboratory of anatomy of the Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology of Bamako in Mali. All the fresh anatomical subjects not carrying trauma and or a scar at the level of the previous region of the neck were held. The anatomical subjects were not included presenting a traumatic lesion and\or a scar of the previous region of the neck. Results: We realized 34 dissections of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve to 17 deathly subjects (11 men and 6 women with a sex-ratio of 1.8). The average age of the subjects was of 42 years (extremes: 18 and 70 years). Our study allowed highlighting in 100% of the cases, the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve and the superior thyroid artery so to the right as to the left. On 34 dissected external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, none had a previous route. However we found 28 nerves (82.4%) having a later route, stuck to the external face of the lower constrictor of the pharynx. These were not mixed with the superior thyroid artery and its branch of division and were situated outside the thyroid capsule. In 17.6% of the cases (6 cases), the nerve had a route mixed in the branch of the superior thyroid artery. These were found inside of the capsule (11.8% adhered to the artery and 5.8% crossed its branch of division). Conclusion: The risk of injury of the external laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery procedure is never zero. It is more important on the left side.展开更多
Diabetes is a chronic condition that is significantly impacted daily by environment. At least one in five Saudis, suffer from diabetes. “Diabetes is a pandemic of unprecedented magnitude spiraling out of control” (B...Diabetes is a chronic condition that is significantly impacted daily by environment. At least one in five Saudis, suffer from diabetes. “Diabetes is a pandemic of unprecedented magnitude spiraling out of control” (Boulton). Saudi Arabia ranks the second highest in the Middle East, and is the seventh in the world for the prevalence of diabetes (WHO). Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been found to be related to high mortality, morbidity accompanied by poor general health and lower quality of life. Current Saudi diabetes patients’ behaviors, practices, and beliefs regarding foot health problems such as ulcers, are not well investigated. Diabetic patients frequently utilize natural remedies and Herbs for self-medication as a part of complementary and alternative Medicine. Aim of study: To explore the widespread use of the alternative remedies in the local communities of the Western Saudi Arabia, the drives behind using and to focus on the potential adverse effects following their usage. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional study of 386 diabetic patients with feet problems in Makkah Region, West of Saudi Arabia during the period April - June 2023. Results: Out of the 531 participants, only 386 participants reported diabetic foot disorder (DFD). Most of the participant were above 65 years of age group (24.61 %). Male (52.08%) more than female (47.92%) in the research group. All of the participants had diabetic foot disorders at least once. The prevalence of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) use among them was 67.88%, as solitary or in combination with hospital medicines. Honey headed the list followed by myrrh and black seeds. Acquaintances advice (59.54%) was the most reason for using the alternative medicine. 60.30% of Diabetic foot patient complained of adverse effects during CAM remedies use. Conclusion: Consumption of CAM remedies among diabetic patients for Diabetic Foot Disorder (DFD) is common. Honey headed the list followed by myrrh and black seeds. Additional wide-scale research is required to establish their actual efficacy, safety and potential adverse out-comes and to generalize the outcomes.展开更多
Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in diabetics. The objective of our study was to investigate the echocardiographic aspects of type 2 diabetics. Patients and Method: Descriptive a...Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in diabetics. The objective of our study was to investigate the echocardiographic aspects of type 2 diabetics. Patients and Method: Descriptive and cross-sectional study of 12 months from June 2020 to June 2021. We included hospitalized type 2 diabetics who underwent transthoracic cardiac ultrasound in the Department of Medicine and Endocrinology at the Mali Hospital. Results: We collected 128 type 2 diabetics. The predominance was male with a sex ratio of 1.2. The mean age of patients was 60.06 ± 11.54 years with extremes of 28 and 84 years. Echocardiographic abnormalities were dominated by abnormal relaxation of left ventricle in 62.5%, increased of left ventricle mass in 54.7% and left atrium dilation in 28.1%. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension had more left atrium dilation with a p of 0.02. Disorders of global kinetics and systolic dysfunction were more prevalent in smoking patients with statistically significant associations, respectively, p = 0.02;p = 0.03. Dyslipidemia had a statistically significant association with segmental kinetic disorders with a p of 0.008. Duration of diabetes greater than 5 years was associated with left atrium dilation and p-value was 0.04. Conclusion: Diabetes is responsible for cardiovascular manifestations that can be identified with transthoracic echocardiography. Its performance in diabetic patients makes it possible to refine the patient’s management.展开更多
Roof plate secretion of bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs)directs the cellular fate of sensory neurons during spinal cord development,including the formation of the ascending sensory columns,though their biology is not...Roof plate secretion of bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs)directs the cellular fate of sensory neurons during spinal cord development,including the formation of the ascending sensory columns,though their biology is not well understood.Type-ⅡBMP receptor(BMPRⅡ),the cognate receptor,is expressed by neural precursor cells during embryogenesis;however,an in vitro method of enriching BMPRⅡ^(+)human neural precursor cells(hNPCs)from the fetal spinal cord is absent.Immunofluorescence was undertaken on intact second-trimester human fetal spinal cord using antibodies to BMPRⅡand leukemia inhibitory factor(LIF).Regions of highest BMPRⅡ^(+)immunofluorescence localized to sensory columns.Parenchymal and meningeal-associated BMPRⅡ^(+)vascular cells were identified in both intact fetal spinal cord and cortex by co-positivity with vascular lineage markers,CD34/CD39.LIF immunostaining identified a population of somas concentrated in dorsal and ventral horn interneurons,mirroring the expression of LIF receptor/CD118.A combination of LIF supplementation and high-density culture maintained culture growth beyond 10 passages,while synergistically increasing the proportion of neurospheres with a stratified,cytoarchitecture.These neurospheres were characterized by BMPRⅡ^(+)/MAP2ab^(+/–)/βⅢ-tubulin^(+)/nestin^(–)/vimentin^(–)/GFAP^(–)/NeuN^(–)surface hNPCs surrounding a heterogeneous core ofβⅢ-tubulin^(+)/nestin^(+)/vimentin^(+)/GFAP^(+)/MAP2ab^(–)/NeuN^(–)multipotent precursors.Dissociated cultures from tripotential neurospheres contained neuronal(βⅢ-tubulin^(+)),astrocytic(GFAP+),and oligodendrocytic(O4+)lineage cells.Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs were MAP2ab^(+/–)/βⅢ-tubulin^(+)/GFAP^(–)/O4^(–)in culture.This is the first isolation of BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs identified and characterized in human fetal spinal cords.Our data show that LIF combines synergistically with high-density reaggregate cultures to support the organotypic reorganization of neurospheres,characterized by surface BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs.Our study has provided a new methodology for an in vitro model capable of amplifying human fetal spinal cord cell numbers for>10 passages.Investigations of the role BMPRⅡplays in spinal cord development have primarily relied upon mouse and rat models,with interpolations to human development being derived through inference.Because of significant species differences between murine biology and human,including anatomical dissimilarities in central nervous system(CNS)structure,the findings made in murine models cannot be presumed to apply to human spinal cord development.For these reasons,our human in vitro model offers a novel tool to better understand neurodevelopmental pathways,including BMP signaling,as well as spinal cord injury research and testing drug therapies.展开更多
Parkinson’s disease(PD,OMIM#168600)is a common neurodegenerative disorder with a global prevalence of approximately 8.5 million.PD is characterized by four cardinal motor symptoms:bradykinesia,rigidity,resting tremor...Parkinson’s disease(PD,OMIM#168600)is a common neurodegenerative disorder with a global prevalence of approximately 8.5 million.PD is characterized by four cardinal motor symptoms:bradykinesia,rigidity,resting tremor,and subsequently by postural instability.It usually involves non-motor symptoms such as rapid eye movement sleep disorder,dementia,anosmia,and autonomic dysfunction.The gene glucocerebrosidase 1(GBA1),which encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase(GCase)(IUBMB:EC 3.2.1.45),shows strong linkage with PD;variants of GBA1 are the commonest genetic association with PD(Sidransky et al.,2009).Several mechanisms may underlie the relationship between GBA1 mutations/variants and the molecular pathology of PD(Figure 1A and B).展开更多
Disturbed cholesterol and glucose homeostasis play crucial roles in the development of various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases,cerebrovascular diseases,central nervous system diseases,and cancer.An increasing...Disturbed cholesterol and glucose homeostasis play crucial roles in the development of various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases,cerebrovascular diseases,central nervous system diseases,and cancer.An increasing number of studies have shown that excessive body fat accumulation is associated with type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance in a vicious cycle.This vicious cycle promotes the occurrence and development of the aforementioned diseases.Therefore,stabilizing the blood lipids and blood glucose of patients is the predominant strategy for improving the symptoms of patients with cardiovascular,cerebrovascular,and central nervous system diseases.Traditional Chinese medicine,mainly Chinese herbal medicine(CHM),has a history of more than 2000 years in China,which has established a unique theory and accumulated a great wealth of clinical experience.Moreover,CHM has been widely used in China and other countries for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,with the advantages of preventing and curing hyperlipidemia,diabetes,hypertension,and other diseases.However,the use of CHM in Western countries remains rather limited,partly because of the incomplete understanding of multiple complex components and uncertain pharmacological mechanisms.Herein,we review and discuss the benefits,molecular mechanisms,and clinical research progress of bioactive components of CHM and their preparations as therapeutics for hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a treasure of the Chinese nation,providing effective solutions to current medical requisites.Various spectral techniques are undergoing continuous development and provide new and re...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a treasure of the Chinese nation,providing effective solutions to current medical requisites.Various spectral techniques are undergoing continuous development and provide new and reliable means for evaluating the efficacy and quality of TCM.Because spectral techniques are noninvasive,convenient,and sensitive,they have been widely applied to in vitro and in vivo TCM evaluation systems.In this paper,previous achievements and current progress in the research on spectral technologies(including fluorescence spectroscopy,photoacoustic imaging,infrared thermal imaging,laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,hyperspectral imaging,and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy)are discussed.The advantages and disadvantages of each technology are also presented.Moreover,the future applications of spectral imaging to identify the origins,components,and pesticide residues of TCM in vitro are elucidated.Subsequently,the evaluation of the efficacy of TCM in vivo is presented.Identifying future applications of spectral imaging is anticipated to promote medical research as well as scientific and technological explorations.展开更多
Osteoporosis is one of the common orthopaedic diseases,characterised by increased bone fragility due to reduced bone mass and microstructural degeneration,posing a great threat to patients’quality of life and safety....Osteoporosis is one of the common orthopaedic diseases,characterised by increased bone fragility due to reduced bone mass and microstructural degeneration,posing a great threat to patients’quality of life and safety.In recent years,Chinese medicine(natural)has had a unique advantage in the treatment of osteoporosis and has shown good efficacy.Autophagy is an inherent cellular survival mechanism for the removal and recycling of damaged proteins and organelles and plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the intracellular environment and organ function.Therefore,this article aims to provide a comprehensive review of these Chinese medicines(natural)for the treatment of osteoporosis through autophagy.They have been intensively studied and reported to have effects such as promoting osteogenesis and anti-bone resorption.The Chinese medicines include plants such as Cistanche deserticola,Epimedium,Curculigo orchioides Gaertn,Achyranthes bidentata Blume,Leonurus japonicus Houtt,Ginseng,Chuanxiong Rhizome,Eucommia ulmoides,Morindae Officinalis Radix,Curcuma longa,Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix,Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge,Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge and Pueraria Lobata,thus providing evidence for the use of alternative herbal therapies for the effective treatment of osteoporosis.展开更多
Introduction: Urinary tract infection is one of the most frequent public health problems in the world and concerns all ages. Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and biological profile of urinary tract...Introduction: Urinary tract infection is one of the most frequent public health problems in the world and concerns all ages. Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and biological profile of urinary tract infection in the internal medicine unit of the Fousseyni Daou hospital in Kayes. Methodology: It was a descriptive and cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection which took place from January 1 to December 31, 2020 at the Internal Medicine Unit of the Fousseyni Daou Hospital in Kayes. It covered all outpatients and hospitalized patients presenting with a urinary tract infection during the study period. Results: We identified 79 cases of urinary tract infection out of 145 requests for ECBU, that is a positivity rate of 53.10% and out of a total of 1883 admissions that is a hospital prevalence of 4.19%. The age groups of 36 to 45 years and 46 to 55 years were more represented in 28 cases (35.44%) and 25 cases (31.64%) with an average age of 45 years ± 10. The female sex was predominant, 42 cases (53.16%) with a sex ratio of 0.88. Housewives were more represented 28 cases (34.44%). The majority of patients resided in rural areas 49 cases (62.03%). The history was dominated by the following pathologies: hypertension 48.10%, diabetes 36.70% and gastropathy 30.37%. The main clinical manifestations were: Urinary burning 67 cases (84.81%), Dysuria 65 cases (82.27%), Pelvic pain 59 cases (74.68%), Fever 57 cases (72.15%). The epidemiological profile of the isolated strains was dominated by enterobacteriaceae, followed by gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli. The main bacteria responsible for urinary tract infections in order of frequency: Escherichia coli (45.56%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.39%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.86%), Staphylococcus aureus (7.59%), Streptococcus sp (6.33%), Enterobacter cloacae (3.79%), Acinetobacter sp (3.79%). The study of the susceptibility and resistance profiles of the isolated strains showed significant sensitivity of enterobacteriaceae to colistin and resistance to amoxicillin and to the amoxicillin + clavulanic acid combination. Conclusion: Urinary tract infections are a major public health problem since they are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality and a high cost of care. Knowledge of the epidemiological-clinical and bacteriological profile of these infections is essential for efficient management.展开更多
Introduction: Anemia is one of the most common public health problems in the world and affects all ages. Objective: To describe the etiological and evolutionary profile of anemia in patients hospitalized in the Intern...Introduction: Anemia is one of the most common public health problems in the world and affects all ages. Objective: To describe the etiological and evolutionary profile of anemia in patients hospitalized in the Internal Medicine Unit of the Fousseyni Daou Hospital in Kayes. Methodology: It was a descriptive and cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection which took place from January 1 to December 31, 2020 at the Internal Medicine Unit of the Fousseyni Daou Hospital in Kayes. It covered all anemic patients hospitalized during the study period. Results: We identified 91 cases of anemia out of 200 patients admitted to the Unit that is a hospital prevalence of 45.5%. The age group of 26 to 35 years was the most represented, that is to say 29 cases (31.87%) with an average age of 43.55 years ± 17.48 years, the female sex predominated, 51 cases (56.04%) with a sex ratio of 0.78. Housewives represented 41 cases (45.05%). The majority of patients resided in rural areas 48 cases (52.75%). The main manifestations were: asthenia 75 cases (78.02%), vertigo 68 cases (74.72%), dyspnea 62 cases (68.13%), headaches 59 cases (64.83%), palpitations 55 cases (60.44%), conjunctival pallor 53 cases (58.24%), tachycardia 43 cases (47.25%), systolic murmur 18 cases (19.78%) and IMO 11 cases (12.09%). The associated pathologies were: infected diabetic wounds 25.27%, followed by bacterial pleuro-pneumopathy 18.68%. Biologically, microcytic anemia was the most frequent 49 cases (53.84%), followed by normocytic anemia 35 cases (38.46%) and macrocytic anemia 7 cases (7.7%). Anemia was hypochromic, 53 cases (58.24%) were more encountered compared to normochromic anemia 38 cases (41.76%). The anemia was: severe in 43 cases (47.25%), moderate 29 cases (31.87%) and mild 19 cases (20.88%). Inflammatory anemia is the most common etiological diagnosis in 60% of cases, followed by vitamin B12 deficiency anemia observed in 21% of patients and then blood diseases in 7.33% of cases. The main causes of death were HIV (50%) and kidney failure (33.33%). Conclusion: Anemia is a frequent symptom in internal medicine. It constitutes a real diagnostic challenge for the internist and this sometimes in an emergency context. The use of specialized examinations and labile blood products is essential in our hospital.展开更多
Apolipoprotein E is the major lipid transporter in the brain and an important player in neuron-astrocyte metabolic coupling.It ensures the survival of neurons under stressful conditions and hyperactivity by nourishing...Apolipoprotein E is the major lipid transporter in the brain and an important player in neuron-astrocyte metabolic coupling.It ensures the survival of neurons under stressful conditions and hyperactivity by nourishing and detoxifying them.Apolipoprotein E polymorphism,combined with environmental stresses and/or age-related alterations,influences the risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer’s disease.In this review,we discuss our current knowledge of how apolipoprotein E homeostasis,i.e.its synthesis,secretion,degradation,and lipidation,is affected in Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
Slow inward currents are known as neuronal excitatory currents mediated by glutamate release and activation of neuronal extra synaptic N-met hyl-D-aspartate receptors with the contribution of astrocytes.These events a...Slow inward currents are known as neuronal excitatory currents mediated by glutamate release and activation of neuronal extra synaptic N-met hyl-D-aspartate receptors with the contribution of astrocytes.These events are significantly slower than the excitatory postsynaptic currents.Parameters of slow inward currents are determined by seve ral factors including the mechanisms of astrocytic activation and glutamate release,as well as the diffusion pathways from the release site towards the extra synaptic recepto rs.Astrocytes are stimulated by neuronal network activity,which in turn excite neurons,forming an astrocyte-neuron feedback loop.Mostly as a consequence of brain edema,astrocytic swelling can also induce slow inward currents under pathological conditions.There is a growing body of evidence on the roles of slow inward currents on a single neuron or local network level.These events often occur in synchro ny on neurons located in the same astrocytic domain.Besides synchronization of neuronal excitability,slow inward currents also set synaptic strength via eliciting timing-dependent synaptic plasticity.In addition,slow inward currents are also subject to non-synaptic plasticity triggered by long-la sting stimulation of the excitatory inputs.Of note,there might be important regionspecific differences in the roles and actions triggering slow inward currents.In greater networks,the pathophysiological roles of slow inward currents can be better understood than physiological ones.Slow inward currents are identified in the pathophysiological background of autism,as slow inward currents drive early hypersynchrony of the neural networks.Slow inward currents are significant contributors to paroxysmal depolarizational shifts/interictal spikes.These events are related to epilepsy,but also found in Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,and stroke,leading to the decline of cognitive functions.Events with features overlapping with slow inward currents(excitatory,N-methyl-Daspartate-receptor mediated currents with astrocytic contribution) as ischemic currents and spreading depolarization also have a well-known pathophysiological role in worsening consequences of stroke,traumatic brain injury,or epilepsy.One might assume that slow inward currents occurring with low frequency under physiological conditions might contribute to synaptic plasticity and memory formation.However,to state this,more experimental evidence from greater neuronal networks or the level of the individual is needed.In this review,I aimed to summarize findings on slow inward currents and to speculate on the potential functions of it.展开更多
Mesenchymalstemcells(MSCs)areidealcandidatesfortreatingmanycardiovasculardiseases.MSCscanmodify the internal cardiac microenvironment to facilitate their immunomodulatory and differentiation abilities,which are essent...Mesenchymalstemcells(MSCs)areidealcandidatesfortreatingmanycardiovasculardiseases.MSCscanmodify the internal cardiac microenvironment to facilitate their immunomodulatory and differentiation abilities,which are essential to restore heart function.MSCs can be easily isolated from different sources,including bone marrow,adipose tissues,umbilical cord,and dental pulp.MSCs from various sources differ in their regenerative and therapeutic abilities for cardiovascular disorders.In this review,we will summarize the therapeutic potential of each MSC source for heart diseases and highlight the possible molecular mechanisms of each source to restore cardiac function.展开更多
Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients at risk is an evidence-based approach;however,adherence to the monitoring protocol recommended by international guidelines is difficult.Hence,there is a need to use t...Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients at risk is an evidence-based approach;however,adherence to the monitoring protocol recommended by international guidelines is difficult.Hence,there is a need to use the best screening options and refine the selection of patients at risk in the future.展开更多
文摘Objective: Study the contribution of the DIVA 3D dissection table in the teaching of anatomy at the Faculty of Medicine and Odontology of Bamako. Material and Methods: This was a qualitative study carried out from November 1 to December 30, 2023 at the clinical and morphological anatomy laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology of Bamako. Included in this study were students who participated in practical and tutorial sessions. The variables studied during this study were: the previous performance of dissection on a cadaver by the students, the opinion of the students on dissection on a cadaver, the replacement of dissection on a cadaver by virtual dissection in the absence of a body, the level student satisfaction. Results: We surveyed 130 participants. The average age was 22 ± 0.2 years with extremes of 17 and 29 years. 95.3% of participants were students. According to 66.7% of participants, virtual dissection is a good palliative in the absence of a corpse. 95.3% of participants found using the virtual dissection table easy with an average of 7.88 ± 1.4. The overall assessment was well rated by 99.3% of participants. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the virtual dissection table should be improved by integrating commented videos. The use of the DIVA 3D virtual dissection table during practical and tutorial sessions is well appreciated by the students. We believe that the teaching of anatomy using 3D digital technology should be included in the study programs of the Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology.
文摘Cervical cancer is the one of the most common cancer in female patients inThailand. Radiotherapy has the role for the treatment of cervical cancer by postoperative, radical and palliative treatments. For radical radiotherapy, the combination of external beam radiation therapy and brachytherapy will be used to increase the tumor dose to curative goal. With the new development of medical images (Computed tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or Ultrasonography (US)), the treatment with brachytherapy will be developed from point-based to volume-based concepts. Many studies reported the benefit of image-based brachytherapy over conventional brachytherapy and clinical benefit of using image-based brachytherapy in the treatment of cervical cancer.
文摘Purpose: To report the retrospective study of using intravaginal brachytherapy as adjuvant monotherapy for endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods: From 2001-2009, 47 patients who received completely surgical staging for endometrial carcinoma and were designed by multidisciplinary team were enrolled. All patients received intravaginal brachytherapy (IVBT) with the dose of 5.5 - 7 Gy in 2 - 6 fractions. The treatment results and late toxicities were evaluated and recorded. Results: At the median follow-up time of 44 months, the local control, disease-free survival, metastasis-free survival and overall survival rates were 100%, 97.9%, 97.9% and, 97.9%, respectively. Only age showed the statistical significance with the p-value of 0.046. Two patients (4.3%) developed late genitourinary toxicity. Conclusion: The using of adjuvant IVBT as monotherapy for endometrial carcinoma is feasible.
文摘Introduction: Self evaluation is a process that defines and collects required data to judge about decision making issues at educational system on whether the educational department is fit to educate students? The objective of this study was determining the quality of the structural elements of the department of Communicable Diseases & determining the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to improve the quality of activities in the department under research. Materials and Methods: The employed method was Mixed methods (qualitative & quantitative research), on the basis of 10 procedural steps and within 8 sections dealing with evaluated factors;such as 1) organizational and management structure 2) scientific board members 3) students 4) Manpower 5) Space of educational research and health care 6) Equipment 7) curriculum 8) satisfaction of graduates, which were studied using 61 criteria and 172 indicators. Five-point Likert Scale was used for the responses in the questionnaire (1 - 1.75 = undesirable, to 4.2 - 5 completely desirable). Finally the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics indices and the assessment software of the Educational Development Center of TUMS. The instruments used in this method included assessment software, interview, observation and self-prepared questionnaire which consisted of 7 questionnaires and 2 check lists. Finding: The results of the research showed that general average of 8 investigating sections was 56.9% as a rather desirable research work. Conclusions: Therefore, it was concluded that function of the educational management in that group was directly in line with evaluation process, but continuing the process of evaluation seems necessary.
文摘Purpose: To report the retrospective study of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) ± intravaginal brachytherapy (IVBT) as adjuvant treatment for endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods: From 2001-2009, 152 patients received complete surgical staging for endometrial carcinoma and were designed by a multidisciplinary team to receive EBRT ± IVBT. The treatment results and late toxicities were evaluated and recorded. Results: At the median follow-up time of 43 months, the disease-free survival, metastasis-free survival and overall survival rates were 96.9%, 96.9% and 96.9%, respectively. Stage and age showed the statistical significance with the p-value of less than 0.001. From five to ten percent of patients developed Grades 1-2 late gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicities, respectively. Conclusion: The using of adjuvant EBRT ± IVBT for endometrial?carcinoma yielded treatment results and acceptable toxicities.
文摘Background: Lack of available reference values in a research setting under local conditions can be a drawback for beginners, as the accuracy of data from control samples cannot be checked at the beginning of a research project. This affects comparisons with data from test samples. To avoid these complications in their research projects,beginners tend to have a greater number of animals in the control group compared to test groups in order to have control group measurements within 2 SDs of the mean.Methods: As non-availability of reference values was a long-felt need, the described project was conducted in order to establish a reference database for selected haematological, biochemical and physiological parameters using apparently healthy Sprague-Dawley rats bred in the Animal House of Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo(UCFM).Results: Differences in mean values of packed cell volume(PCV), mean corpuscular volume(MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC), serum creatinine and blood glucose levels between the two genders were statistically significant. Lipid profile measurements did not differ significantly between genders, but mean and median values of triglycerides(TG) between male and female rats showed a difference of more than 10 mg/dL. The liver enzymes alkaline phosphatase(AP)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) were also statistically significantly different between sexes. Despite wide variation in mean alanine aminotransferase(ALT)between sexes, the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion: The findings of this project should support to a certain extent the"Reduction" aspect of the 3 Rs concept of Russell and Burch by reducing the number of Sprague-Dawley rats used in future research projects at UCFM.
文摘Aim: This study aimed at describing the anatomical variations of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve and at estimating the frequency of nerves at risk during the thyroid surgery. Methodology: We realized a forward-looking study from September, 2016 in May 31st, 2018 in the laboratory of anatomy of the Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology of Bamako in Mali. All the fresh anatomical subjects not carrying trauma and or a scar at the level of the previous region of the neck were held. The anatomical subjects were not included presenting a traumatic lesion and\or a scar of the previous region of the neck. Results: We realized 34 dissections of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve to 17 deathly subjects (11 men and 6 women with a sex-ratio of 1.8). The average age of the subjects was of 42 years (extremes: 18 and 70 years). Our study allowed highlighting in 100% of the cases, the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve and the superior thyroid artery so to the right as to the left. On 34 dissected external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, none had a previous route. However we found 28 nerves (82.4%) having a later route, stuck to the external face of the lower constrictor of the pharynx. These were not mixed with the superior thyroid artery and its branch of division and were situated outside the thyroid capsule. In 17.6% of the cases (6 cases), the nerve had a route mixed in the branch of the superior thyroid artery. These were found inside of the capsule (11.8% adhered to the artery and 5.8% crossed its branch of division). Conclusion: The risk of injury of the external laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery procedure is never zero. It is more important on the left side.
文摘Diabetes is a chronic condition that is significantly impacted daily by environment. At least one in five Saudis, suffer from diabetes. “Diabetes is a pandemic of unprecedented magnitude spiraling out of control” (Boulton). Saudi Arabia ranks the second highest in the Middle East, and is the seventh in the world for the prevalence of diabetes (WHO). Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been found to be related to high mortality, morbidity accompanied by poor general health and lower quality of life. Current Saudi diabetes patients’ behaviors, practices, and beliefs regarding foot health problems such as ulcers, are not well investigated. Diabetic patients frequently utilize natural remedies and Herbs for self-medication as a part of complementary and alternative Medicine. Aim of study: To explore the widespread use of the alternative remedies in the local communities of the Western Saudi Arabia, the drives behind using and to focus on the potential adverse effects following their usage. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional study of 386 diabetic patients with feet problems in Makkah Region, West of Saudi Arabia during the period April - June 2023. Results: Out of the 531 participants, only 386 participants reported diabetic foot disorder (DFD). Most of the participant were above 65 years of age group (24.61 %). Male (52.08%) more than female (47.92%) in the research group. All of the participants had diabetic foot disorders at least once. The prevalence of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) use among them was 67.88%, as solitary or in combination with hospital medicines. Honey headed the list followed by myrrh and black seeds. Acquaintances advice (59.54%) was the most reason for using the alternative medicine. 60.30% of Diabetic foot patient complained of adverse effects during CAM remedies use. Conclusion: Consumption of CAM remedies among diabetic patients for Diabetic Foot Disorder (DFD) is common. Honey headed the list followed by myrrh and black seeds. Additional wide-scale research is required to establish their actual efficacy, safety and potential adverse out-comes and to generalize the outcomes.
文摘Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in diabetics. The objective of our study was to investigate the echocardiographic aspects of type 2 diabetics. Patients and Method: Descriptive and cross-sectional study of 12 months from June 2020 to June 2021. We included hospitalized type 2 diabetics who underwent transthoracic cardiac ultrasound in the Department of Medicine and Endocrinology at the Mali Hospital. Results: We collected 128 type 2 diabetics. The predominance was male with a sex ratio of 1.2. The mean age of patients was 60.06 ± 11.54 years with extremes of 28 and 84 years. Echocardiographic abnormalities were dominated by abnormal relaxation of left ventricle in 62.5%, increased of left ventricle mass in 54.7% and left atrium dilation in 28.1%. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension had more left atrium dilation with a p of 0.02. Disorders of global kinetics and systolic dysfunction were more prevalent in smoking patients with statistically significant associations, respectively, p = 0.02;p = 0.03. Dyslipidemia had a statistically significant association with segmental kinetic disorders with a p of 0.008. Duration of diabetes greater than 5 years was associated with left atrium dilation and p-value was 0.04. Conclusion: Diabetes is responsible for cardiovascular manifestations that can be identified with transthoracic echocardiography. Its performance in diabetic patients makes it possible to refine the patient’s management.
基金supported by grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council(NHMRC)of Australia(Nos.571100 and 1048082)the Baxter Charitable Foundation(to TCL)+1 种基金Medical Research grants from the Rebecca L.Cooper Medical Research Foundation(to MWW,TCL,and MDL)supported by a Charles D.Kelman,M.D.Postdoctoral Award(2010)from the International Retinal Research Foundation(USA)。
文摘Roof plate secretion of bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs)directs the cellular fate of sensory neurons during spinal cord development,including the formation of the ascending sensory columns,though their biology is not well understood.Type-ⅡBMP receptor(BMPRⅡ),the cognate receptor,is expressed by neural precursor cells during embryogenesis;however,an in vitro method of enriching BMPRⅡ^(+)human neural precursor cells(hNPCs)from the fetal spinal cord is absent.Immunofluorescence was undertaken on intact second-trimester human fetal spinal cord using antibodies to BMPRⅡand leukemia inhibitory factor(LIF).Regions of highest BMPRⅡ^(+)immunofluorescence localized to sensory columns.Parenchymal and meningeal-associated BMPRⅡ^(+)vascular cells were identified in both intact fetal spinal cord and cortex by co-positivity with vascular lineage markers,CD34/CD39.LIF immunostaining identified a population of somas concentrated in dorsal and ventral horn interneurons,mirroring the expression of LIF receptor/CD118.A combination of LIF supplementation and high-density culture maintained culture growth beyond 10 passages,while synergistically increasing the proportion of neurospheres with a stratified,cytoarchitecture.These neurospheres were characterized by BMPRⅡ^(+)/MAP2ab^(+/–)/βⅢ-tubulin^(+)/nestin^(–)/vimentin^(–)/GFAP^(–)/NeuN^(–)surface hNPCs surrounding a heterogeneous core ofβⅢ-tubulin^(+)/nestin^(+)/vimentin^(+)/GFAP^(+)/MAP2ab^(–)/NeuN^(–)multipotent precursors.Dissociated cultures from tripotential neurospheres contained neuronal(βⅢ-tubulin^(+)),astrocytic(GFAP+),and oligodendrocytic(O4+)lineage cells.Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs were MAP2ab^(+/–)/βⅢ-tubulin^(+)/GFAP^(–)/O4^(–)in culture.This is the first isolation of BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs identified and characterized in human fetal spinal cords.Our data show that LIF combines synergistically with high-density reaggregate cultures to support the organotypic reorganization of neurospheres,characterized by surface BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs.Our study has provided a new methodology for an in vitro model capable of amplifying human fetal spinal cord cell numbers for>10 passages.Investigations of the role BMPRⅡplays in spinal cord development have primarily relied upon mouse and rat models,with interpolations to human development being derived through inference.Because of significant species differences between murine biology and human,including anatomical dissimilarities in central nervous system(CNS)structure,the findings made in murine models cannot be presumed to apply to human spinal cord development.For these reasons,our human in vitro model offers a novel tool to better understand neurodevelopmental pathways,including BMP signaling,as well as spinal cord injury research and testing drug therapies.
基金supported by Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences,UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology,London,United Kingdom,WC1N 3BGAligning Science Across Parkinson’s(ASAP)Collaborative Research Network,Chevy Chase,MD,United States(to AHVS)。
文摘Parkinson’s disease(PD,OMIM#168600)is a common neurodegenerative disorder with a global prevalence of approximately 8.5 million.PD is characterized by four cardinal motor symptoms:bradykinesia,rigidity,resting tremor,and subsequently by postural instability.It usually involves non-motor symptoms such as rapid eye movement sleep disorder,dementia,anosmia,and autonomic dysfunction.The gene glucocerebrosidase 1(GBA1),which encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase(GCase)(IUBMB:EC 3.2.1.45),shows strong linkage with PD;variants of GBA1 are the commonest genetic association with PD(Sidransky et al.,2009).Several mechanisms may underlie the relationship between GBA1 mutations/variants and the molecular pathology of PD(Figure 1A and B).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81730012,81970320,and 82270273)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS,2019-I2M-5-078)。
文摘Disturbed cholesterol and glucose homeostasis play crucial roles in the development of various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases,cerebrovascular diseases,central nervous system diseases,and cancer.An increasing number of studies have shown that excessive body fat accumulation is associated with type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance in a vicious cycle.This vicious cycle promotes the occurrence and development of the aforementioned diseases.Therefore,stabilizing the blood lipids and blood glucose of patients is the predominant strategy for improving the symptoms of patients with cardiovascular,cerebrovascular,and central nervous system diseases.Traditional Chinese medicine,mainly Chinese herbal medicine(CHM),has a history of more than 2000 years in China,which has established a unique theory and accumulated a great wealth of clinical experience.Moreover,CHM has been widely used in China and other countries for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,with the advantages of preventing and curing hyperlipidemia,diabetes,hypertension,and other diseases.However,the use of CHM in Western countries remains rather limited,partly because of the incomplete understanding of multiple complex components and uncertain pharmacological mechanisms.Herein,we review and discuss the benefits,molecular mechanisms,and clinical research progress of bioactive components of CHM and their preparations as therapeutics for hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.:2017YFC1702003)the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(Grant No.:2019e12M-5-078).
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a treasure of the Chinese nation,providing effective solutions to current medical requisites.Various spectral techniques are undergoing continuous development and provide new and reliable means for evaluating the efficacy and quality of TCM.Because spectral techniques are noninvasive,convenient,and sensitive,they have been widely applied to in vitro and in vivo TCM evaluation systems.In this paper,previous achievements and current progress in the research on spectral technologies(including fluorescence spectroscopy,photoacoustic imaging,infrared thermal imaging,laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,hyperspectral imaging,and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy)are discussed.The advantages and disadvantages of each technology are also presented.Moreover,the future applications of spectral imaging to identify the origins,components,and pesticide residues of TCM in vitro are elucidated.Subsequently,the evaluation of the efficacy of TCM in vivo is presented.Identifying future applications of spectral imaging is anticipated to promote medical research as well as scientific and technological explorations.
基金the financial support from the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Department,(No.20210101200JC).
文摘Osteoporosis is one of the common orthopaedic diseases,characterised by increased bone fragility due to reduced bone mass and microstructural degeneration,posing a great threat to patients’quality of life and safety.In recent years,Chinese medicine(natural)has had a unique advantage in the treatment of osteoporosis and has shown good efficacy.Autophagy is an inherent cellular survival mechanism for the removal and recycling of damaged proteins and organelles and plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the intracellular environment and organ function.Therefore,this article aims to provide a comprehensive review of these Chinese medicines(natural)for the treatment of osteoporosis through autophagy.They have been intensively studied and reported to have effects such as promoting osteogenesis and anti-bone resorption.The Chinese medicines include plants such as Cistanche deserticola,Epimedium,Curculigo orchioides Gaertn,Achyranthes bidentata Blume,Leonurus japonicus Houtt,Ginseng,Chuanxiong Rhizome,Eucommia ulmoides,Morindae Officinalis Radix,Curcuma longa,Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix,Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge,Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge and Pueraria Lobata,thus providing evidence for the use of alternative herbal therapies for the effective treatment of osteoporosis.
文摘Introduction: Urinary tract infection is one of the most frequent public health problems in the world and concerns all ages. Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and biological profile of urinary tract infection in the internal medicine unit of the Fousseyni Daou hospital in Kayes. Methodology: It was a descriptive and cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection which took place from January 1 to December 31, 2020 at the Internal Medicine Unit of the Fousseyni Daou Hospital in Kayes. It covered all outpatients and hospitalized patients presenting with a urinary tract infection during the study period. Results: We identified 79 cases of urinary tract infection out of 145 requests for ECBU, that is a positivity rate of 53.10% and out of a total of 1883 admissions that is a hospital prevalence of 4.19%. The age groups of 36 to 45 years and 46 to 55 years were more represented in 28 cases (35.44%) and 25 cases (31.64%) with an average age of 45 years ± 10. The female sex was predominant, 42 cases (53.16%) with a sex ratio of 0.88. Housewives were more represented 28 cases (34.44%). The majority of patients resided in rural areas 49 cases (62.03%). The history was dominated by the following pathologies: hypertension 48.10%, diabetes 36.70% and gastropathy 30.37%. The main clinical manifestations were: Urinary burning 67 cases (84.81%), Dysuria 65 cases (82.27%), Pelvic pain 59 cases (74.68%), Fever 57 cases (72.15%). The epidemiological profile of the isolated strains was dominated by enterobacteriaceae, followed by gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli. The main bacteria responsible for urinary tract infections in order of frequency: Escherichia coli (45.56%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.39%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.86%), Staphylococcus aureus (7.59%), Streptococcus sp (6.33%), Enterobacter cloacae (3.79%), Acinetobacter sp (3.79%). The study of the susceptibility and resistance profiles of the isolated strains showed significant sensitivity of enterobacteriaceae to colistin and resistance to amoxicillin and to the amoxicillin + clavulanic acid combination. Conclusion: Urinary tract infections are a major public health problem since they are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality and a high cost of care. Knowledge of the epidemiological-clinical and bacteriological profile of these infections is essential for efficient management.
文摘Introduction: Anemia is one of the most common public health problems in the world and affects all ages. Objective: To describe the etiological and evolutionary profile of anemia in patients hospitalized in the Internal Medicine Unit of the Fousseyni Daou Hospital in Kayes. Methodology: It was a descriptive and cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection which took place from January 1 to December 31, 2020 at the Internal Medicine Unit of the Fousseyni Daou Hospital in Kayes. It covered all anemic patients hospitalized during the study period. Results: We identified 91 cases of anemia out of 200 patients admitted to the Unit that is a hospital prevalence of 45.5%. The age group of 26 to 35 years was the most represented, that is to say 29 cases (31.87%) with an average age of 43.55 years ± 17.48 years, the female sex predominated, 51 cases (56.04%) with a sex ratio of 0.78. Housewives represented 41 cases (45.05%). The majority of patients resided in rural areas 48 cases (52.75%). The main manifestations were: asthenia 75 cases (78.02%), vertigo 68 cases (74.72%), dyspnea 62 cases (68.13%), headaches 59 cases (64.83%), palpitations 55 cases (60.44%), conjunctival pallor 53 cases (58.24%), tachycardia 43 cases (47.25%), systolic murmur 18 cases (19.78%) and IMO 11 cases (12.09%). The associated pathologies were: infected diabetic wounds 25.27%, followed by bacterial pleuro-pneumopathy 18.68%. Biologically, microcytic anemia was the most frequent 49 cases (53.84%), followed by normocytic anemia 35 cases (38.46%) and macrocytic anemia 7 cases (7.7%). Anemia was hypochromic, 53 cases (58.24%) were more encountered compared to normochromic anemia 38 cases (41.76%). The anemia was: severe in 43 cases (47.25%), moderate 29 cases (31.87%) and mild 19 cases (20.88%). Inflammatory anemia is the most common etiological diagnosis in 60% of cases, followed by vitamin B12 deficiency anemia observed in 21% of patients and then blood diseases in 7.33% of cases. The main causes of death were HIV (50%) and kidney failure (33.33%). Conclusion: Anemia is a frequent symptom in internal medicine. It constitutes a real diagnostic challenge for the internist and this sometimes in an emergency context. The use of specialized examinations and labile blood products is essential in our hospital.
基金supported by the financial support of the Louis-Jeantet Foundation(to ACG).
文摘Apolipoprotein E is the major lipid transporter in the brain and an important player in neuron-astrocyte metabolic coupling.It ensures the survival of neurons under stressful conditions and hyperactivity by nourishing and detoxifying them.Apolipoprotein E polymorphism,combined with environmental stresses and/or age-related alterations,influences the risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer’s disease.In this review,we discuss our current knowledge of how apolipoprotein E homeostasis,i.e.its synthesis,secretion,degradation,and lipidation,is affected in Alzheimer’s disease.
基金funded by the National Research Developm ent and Innovation Office (NKFIH-K1468 73) (to BP)。
文摘Slow inward currents are known as neuronal excitatory currents mediated by glutamate release and activation of neuronal extra synaptic N-met hyl-D-aspartate receptors with the contribution of astrocytes.These events are significantly slower than the excitatory postsynaptic currents.Parameters of slow inward currents are determined by seve ral factors including the mechanisms of astrocytic activation and glutamate release,as well as the diffusion pathways from the release site towards the extra synaptic recepto rs.Astrocytes are stimulated by neuronal network activity,which in turn excite neurons,forming an astrocyte-neuron feedback loop.Mostly as a consequence of brain edema,astrocytic swelling can also induce slow inward currents under pathological conditions.There is a growing body of evidence on the roles of slow inward currents on a single neuron or local network level.These events often occur in synchro ny on neurons located in the same astrocytic domain.Besides synchronization of neuronal excitability,slow inward currents also set synaptic strength via eliciting timing-dependent synaptic plasticity.In addition,slow inward currents are also subject to non-synaptic plasticity triggered by long-la sting stimulation of the excitatory inputs.Of note,there might be important regionspecific differences in the roles and actions triggering slow inward currents.In greater networks,the pathophysiological roles of slow inward currents can be better understood than physiological ones.Slow inward currents are identified in the pathophysiological background of autism,as slow inward currents drive early hypersynchrony of the neural networks.Slow inward currents are significant contributors to paroxysmal depolarizational shifts/interictal spikes.These events are related to epilepsy,but also found in Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,and stroke,leading to the decline of cognitive functions.Events with features overlapping with slow inward currents(excitatory,N-methyl-Daspartate-receptor mediated currents with astrocytic contribution) as ischemic currents and spreading depolarization also have a well-known pathophysiological role in worsening consequences of stroke,traumatic brain injury,or epilepsy.One might assume that slow inward currents occurring with low frequency under physiological conditions might contribute to synaptic plasticity and memory formation.However,to state this,more experimental evidence from greater neuronal networks or the level of the individual is needed.In this review,I aimed to summarize findings on slow inward currents and to speculate on the potential functions of it.
文摘Mesenchymalstemcells(MSCs)areidealcandidatesfortreatingmanycardiovasculardiseases.MSCscanmodify the internal cardiac microenvironment to facilitate their immunomodulatory and differentiation abilities,which are essential to restore heart function.MSCs can be easily isolated from different sources,including bone marrow,adipose tissues,umbilical cord,and dental pulp.MSCs from various sources differ in their regenerative and therapeutic abilities for cardiovascular disorders.In this review,we will summarize the therapeutic potential of each MSC source for heart diseases and highlight the possible molecular mechanisms of each source to restore cardiac function.
文摘Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients at risk is an evidence-based approach;however,adherence to the monitoring protocol recommended by international guidelines is difficult.Hence,there is a need to use the best screening options and refine the selection of patients at risk in the future.
