Nowadays,one of the major purposes of any company is to survive in the competitive business markets.This purpose would be achievable through improving and developing growth in most cases.Prior studies suggest that lea...Nowadays,one of the major purposes of any company is to survive in the competitive business markets.This purpose would be achievable through improving and developing growth in most cases.Prior studies suggest that leadership is a vitally important factor in achieving growth in any company.Some researchers studied leadership topics as one of the significant motivations for developing and improving the growth of a company and agreed that understanding the role of leadership and its effect on the growth of the company is influential.In all countries,Information Communication Technology(ICT)companies are recognized as significant growth drivers by leaving considerable impacts on that.According to the literature,growth is a determining factor for the productivity of any company.Based on the literature of the ICTs,weak and insufficient leadership skills are considered as the main factors that cause failure in achieving the planned growth and development of ICT.Consequently,the goal of this study is to clarify how leadership affects the development of ICT enterprises.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ionization of drug on drug solubilization in SMEDDS(self-microemulsifying drug delivery system) prepared using Capmul MCM and caprylic acid. Solubilization ca...The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ionization of drug on drug solubilization in SMEDDS(self-microemulsifying drug delivery system) prepared using Capmul MCM and caprylic acid. Solubilization capacity of blank SMEDDS dispersions for danazol,indomethacin and haloperidol as model drugs was determined. Based on the outcomes of solubilization capacity study, drug-loaded SMEDDS formulations were prepared and subjected to dispersion/precipitation study and droplet size analysis. Blank SMEDDS dispersions exhibited the highest solubilization capacity for haloperidol followed by indomethacin and danazol. Furthermore, the solubilization of the three drugs in blank SMEDDS dispersions was explained by a modified mathematical model. Dispersion/precipitation studies indicate that drug-loaded SMEDDS formulations exhibited superiority in solubilizing the drugs in comparison to their respective drug powder. In addition, indomethacin and haloperidol were found to reduce the droplet size of the microemulsions while danazol did not affect droplet size formation for drug-loaded SMEDDS formulations. These findings suggest that ionization of drug affects drug solubilization, droplet size formation, drug loading and drug dispersion/precipitation profiles for the SMEDDS formulations.展开更多
Digital Communications, in relation to wireless networks, have taken off in recent years due to the expanding need to communicate faster and more efficiently. A popular way to achieve this is by using wireless Multipl...Digital Communications, in relation to wireless networks, have taken off in recent years due to the expanding need to communicate faster and more efficiently. A popular way to achieve this is by using wireless Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) communication systems. MIMO systems utilize Space Time Block Codes (STBC) as one of the leading ways to obtain higher data rates with limited bandwidth and power. With several STBC methods currently available, this paper analyzes simulations using Orthogonal Space Time Block Codes (OSTBC) in Rayleigh fading channels to evaluate the performance of MIMO systems. The selection to use a Rayleigh fading channel as a model for a non-line-of-sight (nLOS) environment is selected to mimic installations where a large number of signal paths and reflections are expected. All simulations are coded, generated and plotted using MATLAB resulting in graphical data representing the bit-error rate (BER) to signal-to-noise ratio (Eb/N<sub>0</sub>) or SNR. Each simulation captures how different configurations of key variables including code rate, diversity and antenna count can impact system performance. Four modulation schemes (BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM) are included in each simulation. Conclusive evidence based upon these simulations suggests higher diversity gains were achieved with a greater number of antennas. The most significant factor for increasing system performance was using a lower count of transmit antennas with a higher count of receive antennas.展开更多
BACKGROUND Our understanding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has evolved since the first reported cases in December 2019,and a greater emphasis has been placed on the hyper-inflammatory response...BACKGROUND Our understanding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has evolved since the first reported cases in December 2019,and a greater emphasis has been placed on the hyper-inflammatory response in severely ill patients.The purpose of this study was to determine risk factors for mortality and the impact of anti-inflammatory therapies on survival.AIM To determine the impact of various therapies on outcomes in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with a focus on anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating agents.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 261 patients admitted or transferred to the intensive care unit in two community hospitals between March 12,2020 and June 17,2020.Totally 167 patients received glucocorticoid(GC)therapy.Seventythree patients received GC alone,94 received GC and tocilizumab,28 received tocilizumab monotherapy,and 66 received no anti-inflammatory therapy.RESULTS Patient survival was associated with GC use,either alone or with tocilizumab,and decreased vasopressor requirements.Delayed administration of GC was found to decrease the survival benefit of GC therapy.No difference in survival was found with varying anticoagulant doses,convalescent plasma,tocilizumab monotherapy;prone ventilation,hydroxychloroquine,azithromycin,or intravenous ascorbic acid use.CONCLUSION This analysis demonstrated the survival benefit associated with anti-inflammatory therapy of GC,with or without tocilizumab,with the combination providing the most benefit.More studies are needed to assess the optimal timing of anti-inflammatory therapy initiation.展开更多
This article generalizes the famous Wallis’s formula for k ≥ 0 , to an integral over the unit sphere Sn-1. An application to the integral of polynomials over Sn-1 is discussed.
With the advances in enterprise communication and web technologies, web has evolved into a platform for delivering interactive applications. Web-based applications are revolutionizing both the features that can be del...With the advances in enterprise communication and web technologies, web has evolved into a platform for delivering interactive applications. Web-based applications are revolutionizing both the features that can be delivered and the technologies for developing and deploying applications. In this paper, we present a web-based load-adaptive network management system framework. Our system is scalable, extendable, modular and based on open architecture. It is also load-adaptive as it can adapt to the increase in the number of incoming Web Service requests so that the systems performance will not degrade under heavy request loads. To evaluate the proposed architecture, we built a multi-tiered web application testbed with open-source components widely used in industry. Experimental studies conducted on the testbed demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach. By developing the platform and making it available to the research community, we hope to catalyze the development of an open source stack for Web-based network management and monitoring.展开更多
A SWOT analysis is the method to evaluate the internal weaknesses and strengths of an organization as well as evaluating the threats and opportunities of its external environment.This is considered as an effective fra...A SWOT analysis is the method to evaluate the internal weaknesses and strengths of an organization as well as evaluating the threats and opportunities of its external environment.This is considered as an effective framework to plan and manage the organizational resources to achieve certain goals in a specific period of time.The purpose of implementing SWOT analysis in an organization is to formulate the strategy of a business based on existing internal and external factors.There may be several disadvantages associated with running a SWOT analysis;however,its efficiency in determining the future strategy of a business is more indeed.Although the origin of SWOT analysis is uncertain,there is a long historical background about its uses to facilitate the decision-making process in every complex environment.The final result of a SWOT analysis can be presented in a matrix which is a combination of the four factors and determines strengths and weaknesses that a company involves,with opportunities and threats that it may face.This article provides a study of SWOT analysis basics and provides several practical insights of steps to provide a SWOT matrix.展开更多
Many analytical or computational applications create documents and display screens in response to user queries “dynamically” or in “real time”. Hypermedia features must be generated “just in time” – automatical...Many analytical or computational applications create documents and display screens in response to user queries “dynamically” or in “real time”. Hypermedia features must be generated “just in time” – automatically and dynamically. Conversely, the hypermedia features may have to cause target documents to be generated or re-generated. This paper presents a just-in-time hypermedia framework to provide hypermedia support of virtual documents.展开更多
Customer service is the act of supporting customers of a business that can break a business or generate profit in the competitive environment with growing customers’expectations.Regarding the critical role of custome...Customer service is the act of supporting customers of a business that can break a business or generate profit in the competitive environment with growing customers’expectations.Regarding the critical role of customer service to differentiate between businesses,it is considered as one of the top considerations in businesses.However,there is a range of key factors that are tied to the success of a customer service provider in offering quality customer service that will eventually lead the business through exceeding or falling short in responding to customers’expectations.Besides,businesses are prone to face some challenges in the employment of customer services that are required to be addressed.This paper aims to discuss the importance of customer service and the establishment of an efficient customer service strategy in business considering different influential factors that affect offering quality customer services.It also explains challenges that businesses may face in providing amazing customer services and how to address them.展开更多
Controlled low strength materials (CLSM) are flowable and self-compacting construction materials that have been used in a wide variety of applications. This paper describes the numerical modeling of CLSM fills with fi...Controlled low strength materials (CLSM) are flowable and self-compacting construction materials that have been used in a wide variety of applications. This paper describes the numerical modeling of CLSM fills with finite element method under compression loading and the bond performance of CLSM and steel rebar under pullout loading. The study was conducted using a plastic-damage model which captures the material behavior using both classical theory of elasto-plasticity and continuum damage mechanics. The capability of the finite element approach for the analysis of CLSM fills was assessed by a comparison with the experimental results from a laboratory compression test on CLSM cylinders and pullout tests. The analysis show's that the behavior of a CLSM fill w'hile subject to a failure compression load or pullout tension load can be simulated in a reasonably accurate manner.展开更多
This study focuses on the behavior of chitosan(CHI)and its polyelectrolyte complexes with carboxymethyl starch(CMS)used as monolithic matrices with acetaminophen as drug tracer.Two different chitosan grades were teste...This study focuses on the behavior of chitosan(CHI)and its polyelectrolyte complexes with carboxymethyl starch(CMS)used as monolithic matrices with acetaminophen as drug tracer.Two different chitosan grades were tested alone or associated in various ratios with CMS as excipients for tablets obtained by direct compression.The degree of deacetylation(DDA)of CHI,estimated from 1H NMR and FTIR data,was correlated with X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)to evaluate structural organization of the monolithic matrices.In vitro drug dissolution assays showed major differences in CHI kinetic profiles between tablets exposed to acidic medium for 2h(to mimick gastric passage)prior to dissolution in simulated intestinal fluid(SIF),and those administered directly to SIF.Prior exposure to acidic SGF conducted to longer dissolution profiles(release completed after 16 h)and preservation of tablet shape,whereas tablets directly incubated in SIF were rapidly disintegrated.The improved properties of chitosan matrices exposed to SGF may be related to an outer compact coating layer(visible in SEM).The effect of self-stabilization of chitosan in acidic medium was compared to that due to formation of polyelectrolyte complexes(PEC)in co-processed polymeric systems(CHI:CMS).The self-formed membrane following exposure to gastric acidity appears to help maintaining tablet integrity and allows higher drug loading,recommending CHI and its complexes with CMS as excipients for drug delivery.展开更多
This paper focuses on female political socialisation in postcolonial Jordan,exploring the role of religion and patriarchy in shaping women’s citizenship identity and the manner in which school civic and national stud...This paper focuses on female political socialisation in postcolonial Jordan,exploring the role of religion and patriarchy in shaping women’s citizenship identity and the manner in which school civic and national studies curriculum portrays women’s rights and their citizenship status.Based on the analysis,there are three types of social class citizens,one for the rulers,one for men,and one for women.Further,the findings suggest that the emphasis in these school textbooks is on loyalty to the monarchy and attachment to the nation.Women’s rights as citizens remain overwhelmed by patriarchy,religion,and by contradictory state policies and laws,partially drawn from the universal principles of citizenship.Theoretically,this study adds another facet to the understanding of the complex forces which contribute to the formation of contemporary citizenship identity in the nation-state system.Postcolonial states,in particular,are interesting cases due to the impact of their colonial heritage,tradition,and their attempts to advance partial modernisation amenable with universal human rights.展开更多
Photoaging and carcinogenesis are facilitated by oxidative stress,inflammation,angiogenesis,and extracellular matrix(ECM)remodeling.Oxidative effects include DNA damage,membrane oxidation,lipid peroxidation,and altera...Photoaging and carcinogenesis are facilitated by oxidative stress,inflammation,angiogenesis,and extracellular matrix(ECM)remodeling.Oxidative effects include DNA damage,membrane oxidation,lipid peroxidation,and alterations in the expression of p53 and antioxidant enzymes.The inflammatory and angiogenesis mediators include interleukin-1,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-8,transforming growth factor-β,and vascular endothelial growth factor.ECM remodeling includes alterations in the expression and organization of collagen,elastin,matrix metalloproteinases,and elastase.1α,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D_(3) has antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and ECM regulatory properties,and can counteract the processes that facilitate photoaging and carcinogenesis.This review provides an overview of the beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation at a molecular level,followed by a brief discussion regarding its use as a supplement.展开更多
As Internet of Things(IoT)applications become more prevalent and grow in their use,a limited number of wireless communication methods may be unable to enable dependable,robust delivery of information.It is necessary t...As Internet of Things(IoT)applications become more prevalent and grow in their use,a limited number of wireless communication methods may be unable to enable dependable,robust delivery of information.It is necessary to enable adaptive communication and interoperability over a variety of wireless communication media to meet the requirements of large-scale IoT applications.This paper utilizes Named Data Networking(NDN),an up-and-coming Information-Centric Network architecture,to interconnect differing communication links via the network layer,and implements dynamic forwarding strategies and routing mechanisms which aid in the efficient dissemination of information.This work targets the creation of an interface technique to allow NDN to be transported via LoRa.This is acheived via the coupling of LoRa and WiFi using the NDN Forwarding Daemon(NFD)to create a universal ad hoc network.This network has the capacity for high range and multi-hop Device-to-Device(D2D)communication together with compatibility with other network communication media.Testing of the system in a real environment has shown that the newly created ad hoc network is capable of communicating over a several kilometer radius,while making use of the features provided by NDN to capitalize upon various links available to enable the efficient dissemination of data.Furthermore,the newly created network leverages NDN features to enable content-based routing within the LoRa network and utilize content-based routing techniques.展开更多
文摘Nowadays,one of the major purposes of any company is to survive in the competitive business markets.This purpose would be achievable through improving and developing growth in most cases.Prior studies suggest that leadership is a vitally important factor in achieving growth in any company.Some researchers studied leadership topics as one of the significant motivations for developing and improving the growth of a company and agreed that understanding the role of leadership and its effect on the growth of the company is influential.In all countries,Information Communication Technology(ICT)companies are recognized as significant growth drivers by leaving considerable impacts on that.According to the literature,growth is a determining factor for the productivity of any company.Based on the literature of the ICTs,weak and insufficient leadership skills are considered as the main factors that cause failure in achieving the planned growth and development of ICT.Consequently,the goal of this study is to clarify how leadership affects the development of ICT enterprises.
基金St. John’s University for providing financial assistance
文摘The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ionization of drug on drug solubilization in SMEDDS(self-microemulsifying drug delivery system) prepared using Capmul MCM and caprylic acid. Solubilization capacity of blank SMEDDS dispersions for danazol,indomethacin and haloperidol as model drugs was determined. Based on the outcomes of solubilization capacity study, drug-loaded SMEDDS formulations were prepared and subjected to dispersion/precipitation study and droplet size analysis. Blank SMEDDS dispersions exhibited the highest solubilization capacity for haloperidol followed by indomethacin and danazol. Furthermore, the solubilization of the three drugs in blank SMEDDS dispersions was explained by a modified mathematical model. Dispersion/precipitation studies indicate that drug-loaded SMEDDS formulations exhibited superiority in solubilizing the drugs in comparison to their respective drug powder. In addition, indomethacin and haloperidol were found to reduce the droplet size of the microemulsions while danazol did not affect droplet size formation for drug-loaded SMEDDS formulations. These findings suggest that ionization of drug affects drug solubilization, droplet size formation, drug loading and drug dispersion/precipitation profiles for the SMEDDS formulations.
文摘Digital Communications, in relation to wireless networks, have taken off in recent years due to the expanding need to communicate faster and more efficiently. A popular way to achieve this is by using wireless Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) communication systems. MIMO systems utilize Space Time Block Codes (STBC) as one of the leading ways to obtain higher data rates with limited bandwidth and power. With several STBC methods currently available, this paper analyzes simulations using Orthogonal Space Time Block Codes (OSTBC) in Rayleigh fading channels to evaluate the performance of MIMO systems. The selection to use a Rayleigh fading channel as a model for a non-line-of-sight (nLOS) environment is selected to mimic installations where a large number of signal paths and reflections are expected. All simulations are coded, generated and plotted using MATLAB resulting in graphical data representing the bit-error rate (BER) to signal-to-noise ratio (Eb/N<sub>0</sub>) or SNR. Each simulation captures how different configurations of key variables including code rate, diversity and antenna count can impact system performance. Four modulation schemes (BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM) are included in each simulation. Conclusive evidence based upon these simulations suggests higher diversity gains were achieved with a greater number of antennas. The most significant factor for increasing system performance was using a lower count of transmit antennas with a higher count of receive antennas.
基金The study was approved by the Community Medical Center Institutional Review Board(IRB#20-005).
文摘BACKGROUND Our understanding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has evolved since the first reported cases in December 2019,and a greater emphasis has been placed on the hyper-inflammatory response in severely ill patients.The purpose of this study was to determine risk factors for mortality and the impact of anti-inflammatory therapies on survival.AIM To determine the impact of various therapies on outcomes in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with a focus on anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating agents.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 261 patients admitted or transferred to the intensive care unit in two community hospitals between March 12,2020 and June 17,2020.Totally 167 patients received glucocorticoid(GC)therapy.Seventythree patients received GC alone,94 received GC and tocilizumab,28 received tocilizumab monotherapy,and 66 received no anti-inflammatory therapy.RESULTS Patient survival was associated with GC use,either alone or with tocilizumab,and decreased vasopressor requirements.Delayed administration of GC was found to decrease the survival benefit of GC therapy.No difference in survival was found with varying anticoagulant doses,convalescent plasma,tocilizumab monotherapy;prone ventilation,hydroxychloroquine,azithromycin,or intravenous ascorbic acid use.CONCLUSION This analysis demonstrated the survival benefit associated with anti-inflammatory therapy of GC,with or without tocilizumab,with the combination providing the most benefit.More studies are needed to assess the optimal timing of anti-inflammatory therapy initiation.
文摘This article generalizes the famous Wallis’s formula for k ≥ 0 , to an integral over the unit sphere Sn-1. An application to the integral of polynomials over Sn-1 is discussed.
文摘With the advances in enterprise communication and web technologies, web has evolved into a platform for delivering interactive applications. Web-based applications are revolutionizing both the features that can be delivered and the technologies for developing and deploying applications. In this paper, we present a web-based load-adaptive network management system framework. Our system is scalable, extendable, modular and based on open architecture. It is also load-adaptive as it can adapt to the increase in the number of incoming Web Service requests so that the systems performance will not degrade under heavy request loads. To evaluate the proposed architecture, we built a multi-tiered web application testbed with open-source components widely used in industry. Experimental studies conducted on the testbed demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach. By developing the platform and making it available to the research community, we hope to catalyze the development of an open source stack for Web-based network management and monitoring.
文摘A SWOT analysis is the method to evaluate the internal weaknesses and strengths of an organization as well as evaluating the threats and opportunities of its external environment.This is considered as an effective framework to plan and manage the organizational resources to achieve certain goals in a specific period of time.The purpose of implementing SWOT analysis in an organization is to formulate the strategy of a business based on existing internal and external factors.There may be several disadvantages associated with running a SWOT analysis;however,its efficiency in determining the future strategy of a business is more indeed.Although the origin of SWOT analysis is uncertain,there is a long historical background about its uses to facilitate the decision-making process in every complex environment.The final result of a SWOT analysis can be presented in a matrix which is a combination of the four factors and determines strengths and weaknesses that a company involves,with opportunities and threats that it may face.This article provides a study of SWOT analysis basics and provides several practical insights of steps to provide a SWOT matrix.
文摘Many analytical or computational applications create documents and display screens in response to user queries “dynamically” or in “real time”. Hypermedia features must be generated “just in time” – automatically and dynamically. Conversely, the hypermedia features may have to cause target documents to be generated or re-generated. This paper presents a just-in-time hypermedia framework to provide hypermedia support of virtual documents.
文摘Customer service is the act of supporting customers of a business that can break a business or generate profit in the competitive environment with growing customers’expectations.Regarding the critical role of customer service to differentiate between businesses,it is considered as one of the top considerations in businesses.However,there is a range of key factors that are tied to the success of a customer service provider in offering quality customer service that will eventually lead the business through exceeding or falling short in responding to customers’expectations.Besides,businesses are prone to face some challenges in the employment of customer services that are required to be addressed.This paper aims to discuss the importance of customer service and the establishment of an efficient customer service strategy in business considering different influential factors that affect offering quality customer services.It also explains challenges that businesses may face in providing amazing customer services and how to address them.
文摘Controlled low strength materials (CLSM) are flowable and self-compacting construction materials that have been used in a wide variety of applications. This paper describes the numerical modeling of CLSM fills with finite element method under compression loading and the bond performance of CLSM and steel rebar under pullout loading. The study was conducted using a plastic-damage model which captures the material behavior using both classical theory of elasto-plasticity and continuum damage mechanics. The capability of the finite element approach for the analysis of CLSM fills was assessed by a comparison with the experimental results from a laboratory compression test on CLSM cylinders and pullout tests. The analysis show's that the behavior of a CLSM fill w'hile subject to a failure compression load or pullout tension load can be simulated in a reasonably accurate manner.
文摘This study focuses on the behavior of chitosan(CHI)and its polyelectrolyte complexes with carboxymethyl starch(CMS)used as monolithic matrices with acetaminophen as drug tracer.Two different chitosan grades were tested alone or associated in various ratios with CMS as excipients for tablets obtained by direct compression.The degree of deacetylation(DDA)of CHI,estimated from 1H NMR and FTIR data,was correlated with X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)to evaluate structural organization of the monolithic matrices.In vitro drug dissolution assays showed major differences in CHI kinetic profiles between tablets exposed to acidic medium for 2h(to mimick gastric passage)prior to dissolution in simulated intestinal fluid(SIF),and those administered directly to SIF.Prior exposure to acidic SGF conducted to longer dissolution profiles(release completed after 16 h)and preservation of tablet shape,whereas tablets directly incubated in SIF were rapidly disintegrated.The improved properties of chitosan matrices exposed to SGF may be related to an outer compact coating layer(visible in SEM).The effect of self-stabilization of chitosan in acidic medium was compared to that due to formation of polyelectrolyte complexes(PEC)in co-processed polymeric systems(CHI:CMS).The self-formed membrane following exposure to gastric acidity appears to help maintaining tablet integrity and allows higher drug loading,recommending CHI and its complexes with CMS as excipients for drug delivery.
文摘This paper focuses on female political socialisation in postcolonial Jordan,exploring the role of religion and patriarchy in shaping women’s citizenship identity and the manner in which school civic and national studies curriculum portrays women’s rights and their citizenship status.Based on the analysis,there are three types of social class citizens,one for the rulers,one for men,and one for women.Further,the findings suggest that the emphasis in these school textbooks is on loyalty to the monarchy and attachment to the nation.Women’s rights as citizens remain overwhelmed by patriarchy,religion,and by contradictory state policies and laws,partially drawn from the universal principles of citizenship.Theoretically,this study adds another facet to the understanding of the complex forces which contribute to the formation of contemporary citizenship identity in the nation-state system.Postcolonial states,in particular,are interesting cases due to the impact of their colonial heritage,tradition,and their attempts to advance partial modernisation amenable with universal human rights.
文摘Photoaging and carcinogenesis are facilitated by oxidative stress,inflammation,angiogenesis,and extracellular matrix(ECM)remodeling.Oxidative effects include DNA damage,membrane oxidation,lipid peroxidation,and alterations in the expression of p53 and antioxidant enzymes.The inflammatory and angiogenesis mediators include interleukin-1,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-8,transforming growth factor-β,and vascular endothelial growth factor.ECM remodeling includes alterations in the expression and organization of collagen,elastin,matrix metalloproteinases,and elastase.1α,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D_(3) has antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and ECM regulatory properties,and can counteract the processes that facilitate photoaging and carcinogenesis.This review provides an overview of the beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation at a molecular level,followed by a brief discussion regarding its use as a supplement.
文摘As Internet of Things(IoT)applications become more prevalent and grow in their use,a limited number of wireless communication methods may be unable to enable dependable,robust delivery of information.It is necessary to enable adaptive communication and interoperability over a variety of wireless communication media to meet the requirements of large-scale IoT applications.This paper utilizes Named Data Networking(NDN),an up-and-coming Information-Centric Network architecture,to interconnect differing communication links via the network layer,and implements dynamic forwarding strategies and routing mechanisms which aid in the efficient dissemination of information.This work targets the creation of an interface technique to allow NDN to be transported via LoRa.This is acheived via the coupling of LoRa and WiFi using the NDN Forwarding Daemon(NFD)to create a universal ad hoc network.This network has the capacity for high range and multi-hop Device-to-Device(D2D)communication together with compatibility with other network communication media.Testing of the system in a real environment has shown that the newly created ad hoc network is capable of communicating over a several kilometer radius,while making use of the features provided by NDN to capitalize upon various links available to enable the efficient dissemination of data.Furthermore,the newly created network leverages NDN features to enable content-based routing within the LoRa network and utilize content-based routing techniques.
