Background:The number of papers published in the field of nursing practice has greatly increased in recent years in China's Mainland,yet the quality of these papers is highly variable.There has been no attempt to ...Background:The number of papers published in the field of nursing practice has greatly increased in recent years in China's Mainland,yet the quality of these papers is highly variable.There has been no attempt to comprehensively estimate the overall quantity and quality of these papers.Objectives:To systematically retrieve nursing intervention studies published in simplified Chinese from 1979 to 2012,critically appraise their quality,and provide suggestions for future development.Methods:All of the papers were retrieved from China Biology Medicine disc database.The preliminary screening of retrieved publications was performed prior to conducting a rigorous quality evaluation of the remaining publications.10 characteristics would be included in consideration in quality evaluations.Results:69,150 papers were retrieved according to searching strategy.7391 of them were included after preliminary screening and appraised critically.Among the 10 characteristics considered in quality evaluations,the lowest ratings were observed for the factors of“utilisation of blind method”(13 articles),“description of loss of follow-up”(499 articles),“appropriate calculation of sample size”(511 articles)and“randomised assignment of patients to treatments”(652 articles).Conclusions:Chinese papers published in the field of nursing practice have increased over time,but improvements remain needed to ensure that thorough studies with high-quality research methodologies are being performed.Future nursing researchers should not only improve the design of their intervention studies but also clearly describe the methodology they used,especially in group randomisation,blinded research designs,and estimations of required sample sizes.展开更多
Against the backdrop of a global paper resource shortage,there is a growing need to identify fast-growing tree species capable of producing long-lasting paper.Three plant species namely Broussonetia kazinoki,Broussone...Against the backdrop of a global paper resource shortage,there is a growing need to identify fast-growing tree species capable of producing long-lasting paper.Three plant species namely Broussonetia kazinoki,Broussonetia papyrifera and hybrid paper mulberry,belong to the Broussonetia genus,were collected from China to study their white bark suitability for pulp and papermaking.Their chemical composition revealed that the holocellulose content in Broussonetia kazinoki and Broussonetia papyrifera was more than 80%.The molecular weight distribution of several holocellulose/α-cellulose is observed by GPC,which allows us to better observe the changes of various components on the molecular weight.The yield,lignin,whiteness,and molecular weight of the pulps obtained by NaOH treatment were determined.Optical microscope was used to characterize the fiber length-width ratio and rigidity.Finally,the improvement of the fiber rigidity method based on the Kratky-Porod chain model makes it more theoretical and further reveals the influencing factors of fiber rigidity.This study demonstrates the high potentiality of these three species for papermaking applications.展开更多
Acidification of paper-based relics is a common problem,leading to their degradation and eventual loss.Paper deacidification is highly dependent on a limited variety of alkaline materials,and the development of new ma...Acidification of paper-based relics is a common problem,leading to their degradation and eventual loss.Paper deacidification is highly dependent on a limited variety of alkaline materials,and the development of new materials that are safe,efficient and easy-to-prepare is highly demanded to ensure a high level of safety and effective protection of paper-based relic.This study proposes the introduction of layered double hydroxide(LDH)and its calcined product,mixed metal oxide(layered double oxide(LDO)),as innovative protective materials for the deacidification of paper with varying levels of acidity.The results demonstrate that treatment with Mg-Al LDH/LDO can effectively modify the p H of acidic paper(e.g.,pH~4.0–6.4)to a neutral or weakly basic state,maintaining this desirable p H range even under long-term accelerated aging condition.Remarkably,LDH proves to be well-suited for the protection of slightly acidified paper(e.g.,pH>5.5),while LDO serves as an especially option for the deacidification of severely acidified paper(e.g.,pH≤5.5).During aqueous deacidification,due to the memory effect of the LDH-based materials,LDO is converted to rehydrated LDH,which creates a mild and appropriate alkaline retention in the paper,avoiding damage caused by strong alkalinity such as cellulose degradation and pigment fading during subsequent long-term natural preservation of the paper.Furthermore,Mg-Al LDH/LDO materials also exhibit flame-retardant and bacteriostatic properties.This opens up opportunities for the safe,efficient and multifunctional protection of acidified paper-based relics.展开更多
Paper-based relics as important carriers of human history and civilization have been facing severe damage problems,and their protection is a major project for cultural heritage restoration.So far,safe,high-efficiency,...Paper-based relics as important carriers of human history and civilization have been facing severe damage problems,and their protection is a major project for cultural heritage restoration.So far,safe,high-efficiency,and multifunctional protection materials are still urgent to be developed.Herein,through screening a series of alkaline nano-oxides and cleverly combining the advantages of modified natural polymer(quaternized chitosan)and inorganic nanomaterials(Zn O),we successfully prepared their functional nanocomposites with multiple properties and pioneered their smart application for multifunctional protection of paper relics.By spraying loads,this kind of nanocomposites can effectively and safely inhibit the acid degradation of paper relics and long-term maintain a natural or weak basic state even under harsh accelerated aging conditions.Meanwhile,the coating of nanocomposites does not change the chromatic aberration but partially improves the hydrophobicity.Moreover,the mechanical properties of paper relics are reinforced up to more than one time for all-around tensile strength,folding endurance,and tearing strength.It is worth noting that the usage of nanocomposites can avoid the discoloration or fading of p H-sensitive pigments/dyes and prevent the blue/red inks from ink-spreading.By integrating the anti-microorganism effects of the two components,the nanocomposites have exhibited a broad antimicrobial capacity for both fungi(e.g.,Plectosphaerella cucumerina and Aspergillus unguis)and bacteria(e.g.,Staphylococcus aureus).The acquired knowledge not only represents an advanced step for designing functionalized inorganic/polymer nanocomposite but also sheds light on the multi-functional integrated protection of paperbased relics.展开更多
Chinese handmade papers have been the carriers of paper-based documents, paintings and calligraphies, which are of great importance for historical and cultural heritage studies. This research developed the attenuated ...Chinese handmade papers have been the carriers of paper-based documents, paintings and calligraphies, which are of great importance for historical and cultural heritage studies. This research developed the attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic technique for the analysis of Chinese handmade papers. The test was applied to Chinese handmade papers taken from bark, hemp and bamboo groups, followed by papers from ancient books and arts collected in library and museum. Our study indicated tliat FTIR was an efficient analytical method to identify fiber types of library/museum papers of unknown origin. Moreover, information about degree of crystallinity and state of deterioration of cellulosic fibers was learned from FTIR spectra. This research provides a non-destnictive method to study the molecular structure of cellulosic fibers, and guides tlie selection of appropriate Chinese handmade papers for the restoration of cultural heritage objects.展开更多
As an important zeolite material,MFI zeolites,as well as their controllable synthesis,are of great interest in both basic and applied science.Among the developed synthetic approaches,the seed-induced method has gradua...As an important zeolite material,MFI zeolites,as well as their controllable synthesis,are of great interest in both basic and applied science.Among the developed synthetic approaches,the seed-induced method has gradually evolved into a facile,low-cost,and even green alternative to give zeolites the desirable physicochemical properties.In this review,we briefly summarize the development of seed-induced syntheses of diverse functional MFI zeolites,where the“living”seed crystals not only direct the formation of zeolitic framework but also function as special“templates”or“units”to fine-tune the zeolite materials with diverse sizes,shapes,compositions,morphologies and pore structures.Moreover,on the basis of their structural features and crystallization behaviors in seed-induced synthesis,we reveal the roles of seeds and discuss the related crystallization mechanisms including both classical and non-classical pathways.We also want to guide readers to investigate the structure-performance relationships between these functional MFI zeolite catalysts and suitable catalytic reactions.展开更多
Background:Takayasu arteritis-induced renal arteritis (TARA), commonly seen in Takayasu arteritis (TA), has become one of the main causes of poor prognosis and early mortality in patients with TA. TARA progressing int...Background:Takayasu arteritis-induced renal arteritis (TARA), commonly seen in Takayasu arteritis (TA), has become one of the main causes of poor prognosis and early mortality in patients with TA. TARA progressing into Takayasu arteritis-induced renal artery stenosis (TARAS), could lead to severe complications including malignant hypertension, cardiac-cerebral vascular disease, and ischemic nephropathy. Since there existed no guidelines on treatments, this study aimed to review the comprehensive treatments for TARA.Methods:We searched systematically in databases including PubMed, Ovid-Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and SinoMed, from inception to May 2018. Literature selection, data extraction, and statistical analysis were performed.Results:Eighty-two literatures were recruited focusing on medical treatments ( n = 34) and surgical treatments ( n = 48). We found that combined medical treatments of glucocorticoids and conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs could reach high rates of remission in patients with TARA, and biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs were preferred for refractory patients. After remission induction, surgical treatment could help reconstruct renal artery and recover renal function partly. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was the first choice for patients with TARAS, while open surgery showed a good longterm survival. Conclusions:Patients with TARA should benefit both from medical treatments and from surgical treatments comprehensively and sequentially. Multidisciplinary team coordination is recommended especially in patients with severe complications.展开更多
文摘Background:The number of papers published in the field of nursing practice has greatly increased in recent years in China's Mainland,yet the quality of these papers is highly variable.There has been no attempt to comprehensively estimate the overall quantity and quality of these papers.Objectives:To systematically retrieve nursing intervention studies published in simplified Chinese from 1979 to 2012,critically appraise their quality,and provide suggestions for future development.Methods:All of the papers were retrieved from China Biology Medicine disc database.The preliminary screening of retrieved publications was performed prior to conducting a rigorous quality evaluation of the remaining publications.10 characteristics would be included in consideration in quality evaluations.Results:69,150 papers were retrieved according to searching strategy.7391 of them were included after preliminary screening and appraised critically.Among the 10 characteristics considered in quality evaluations,the lowest ratings were observed for the factors of“utilisation of blind method”(13 articles),“description of loss of follow-up”(499 articles),“appropriate calculation of sample size”(511 articles)and“randomised assignment of patients to treatments”(652 articles).Conclusions:Chinese papers published in the field of nursing practice have increased over time,but improvements remain needed to ensure that thorough studies with high-quality research methodologies are being performed.Future nursing researchers should not only improve the design of their intervention studies but also clearly describe the methodology they used,especially in group randomisation,blinded research designs,and estimations of required sample sizes.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFF0904501)Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.23QA1404100)。
文摘Against the backdrop of a global paper resource shortage,there is a growing need to identify fast-growing tree species capable of producing long-lasting paper.Three plant species namely Broussonetia kazinoki,Broussonetia papyrifera and hybrid paper mulberry,belong to the Broussonetia genus,were collected from China to study their white bark suitability for pulp and papermaking.Their chemical composition revealed that the holocellulose content in Broussonetia kazinoki and Broussonetia papyrifera was more than 80%.The molecular weight distribution of several holocellulose/α-cellulose is observed by GPC,which allows us to better observe the changes of various components on the molecular weight.The yield,lignin,whiteness,and molecular weight of the pulps obtained by NaOH treatment were determined.Optical microscope was used to characterize the fiber length-width ratio and rigidity.Finally,the improvement of the fiber rigidity method based on the Kratky-Porod chain model makes it more theoretical and further reveals the influencing factors of fiber rigidity.This study demonstrates the high potentiality of these three species for papermaking applications.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFF0904200)Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.23QA1404100)Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of China(No.KF201921)。
文摘Acidification of paper-based relics is a common problem,leading to their degradation and eventual loss.Paper deacidification is highly dependent on a limited variety of alkaline materials,and the development of new materials that are safe,efficient and easy-to-prepare is highly demanded to ensure a high level of safety and effective protection of paper-based relic.This study proposes the introduction of layered double hydroxide(LDH)and its calcined product,mixed metal oxide(layered double oxide(LDO)),as innovative protective materials for the deacidification of paper with varying levels of acidity.The results demonstrate that treatment with Mg-Al LDH/LDO can effectively modify the p H of acidic paper(e.g.,pH~4.0–6.4)to a neutral or weakly basic state,maintaining this desirable p H range even under long-term accelerated aging condition.Remarkably,LDH proves to be well-suited for the protection of slightly acidified paper(e.g.,pH>5.5),while LDO serves as an especially option for the deacidification of severely acidified paper(e.g.,pH≤5.5).During aqueous deacidification,due to the memory effect of the LDH-based materials,LDO is converted to rehydrated LDH,which creates a mild and appropriate alkaline retention in the paper,avoiding damage caused by strong alkalinity such as cellulose degradation and pigment fading during subsequent long-term natural preservation of the paper.Furthermore,Mg-Al LDH/LDO materials also exhibit flame-retardant and bacteriostatic properties.This opens up opportunities for the safe,efficient and multifunctional protection of acidified paper-based relics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22175040)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.21ZR1405100)+1 种基金the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green PapermakingQilu University of Technology,Shandong Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.GZKF202109,GZKF202210)。
文摘Paper-based relics as important carriers of human history and civilization have been facing severe damage problems,and their protection is a major project for cultural heritage restoration.So far,safe,high-efficiency,and multifunctional protection materials are still urgent to be developed.Herein,through screening a series of alkaline nano-oxides and cleverly combining the advantages of modified natural polymer(quaternized chitosan)and inorganic nanomaterials(Zn O),we successfully prepared their functional nanocomposites with multiple properties and pioneered their smart application for multifunctional protection of paper relics.By spraying loads,this kind of nanocomposites can effectively and safely inhibit the acid degradation of paper relics and long-term maintain a natural or weak basic state even under harsh accelerated aging conditions.Meanwhile,the coating of nanocomposites does not change the chromatic aberration but partially improves the hydrophobicity.Moreover,the mechanical properties of paper relics are reinforced up to more than one time for all-around tensile strength,folding endurance,and tearing strength.It is worth noting that the usage of nanocomposites can avoid the discoloration or fading of p H-sensitive pigments/dyes and prevent the blue/red inks from ink-spreading.By integrating the anti-microorganism effects of the two components,the nanocomposites have exhibited a broad antimicrobial capacity for both fungi(e.g.,Plectosphaerella cucumerina and Aspergillus unguis)and bacteria(e.g.,Staphylococcus aureus).The acquired knowledge not only represents an advanced step for designing functionalized inorganic/polymer nanocomposite but also sheds light on the multi-functional integrated protection of paperbased relics.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21805042)the Shanghai Sailing Program,China (No.l8YF1401400)+5 种基金the Cultural Industry Standardization Research Program of China Ministry of Culture and Tourism (N0.WH/YO8- 2018)the China Scholarship Council Fund(No.201806105008)the Library and hifonnation Research Program of Academic Library and Infonnation Committee of Shangliai,China(No.2017B001)the State Administration for Market Regulation Research Program, China(No.2017QK084)the Shanghai Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project, China (No.2014BWY005)the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province of China(No.KF201715).
文摘Chinese handmade papers have been the carriers of paper-based documents, paintings and calligraphies, which are of great importance for historical and cultural heritage studies. This research developed the attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic technique for the analysis of Chinese handmade papers. The test was applied to Chinese handmade papers taken from bark, hemp and bamboo groups, followed by papers from ancient books and arts collected in library and museum. Our study indicated tliat FTIR was an efficient analytical method to identify fiber types of library/museum papers of unknown origin. Moreover, information about degree of crystallinity and state of deterioration of cellulosic fibers was learned from FTIR spectra. This research provides a non-destnictive method to study the molecular structure of cellulosic fibers, and guides tlie selection of appropriate Chinese handmade papers for the restoration of cultural heritage objects.
基金the National Major Research and Development Plan(Grant No.2018YFA0209402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21433022,21573046,21473037,U1463206 and 21802023)and Shanghai Sailing Program(No.18YF1401900).
文摘As an important zeolite material,MFI zeolites,as well as their controllable synthesis,are of great interest in both basic and applied science.Among the developed synthetic approaches,the seed-induced method has gradually evolved into a facile,low-cost,and even green alternative to give zeolites the desirable physicochemical properties.In this review,we briefly summarize the development of seed-induced syntheses of diverse functional MFI zeolites,where the“living”seed crystals not only direct the formation of zeolitic framework but also function as special“templates”or“units”to fine-tune the zeolite materials with diverse sizes,shapes,compositions,morphologies and pore structures.Moreover,on the basis of their structural features and crystallization behaviors in seed-induced synthesis,we reveal the roles of seeds and discuss the related crystallization mechanisms including both classical and non-classical pathways.We also want to guide readers to investigate the structure-performance relationships between these functional MFI zeolite catalysts and suitable catalytic reactions.
基金This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81771730)。
文摘Background:Takayasu arteritis-induced renal arteritis (TARA), commonly seen in Takayasu arteritis (TA), has become one of the main causes of poor prognosis and early mortality in patients with TA. TARA progressing into Takayasu arteritis-induced renal artery stenosis (TARAS), could lead to severe complications including malignant hypertension, cardiac-cerebral vascular disease, and ischemic nephropathy. Since there existed no guidelines on treatments, this study aimed to review the comprehensive treatments for TARA.Methods:We searched systematically in databases including PubMed, Ovid-Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and SinoMed, from inception to May 2018. Literature selection, data extraction, and statistical analysis were performed.Results:Eighty-two literatures were recruited focusing on medical treatments ( n = 34) and surgical treatments ( n = 48). We found that combined medical treatments of glucocorticoids and conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs could reach high rates of remission in patients with TARA, and biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs were preferred for refractory patients. After remission induction, surgical treatment could help reconstruct renal artery and recover renal function partly. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was the first choice for patients with TARAS, while open surgery showed a good longterm survival. Conclusions:Patients with TARA should benefit both from medical treatments and from surgical treatments comprehensively and sequentially. Multidisciplinary team coordination is recommended especially in patients with severe complications.
