A new free-living marine nematode species Hopperia sinensis sp. nov. from mangrove forests of Fujian Province, China, is identified and illustrated. Hopperia sinensis sp. nov. is characterized by its cephalic setae 2....A new free-living marine nematode species Hopperia sinensis sp. nov. from mangrove forests of Fujian Province, China, is identified and illustrated. Hopperia sinensis sp. nov. is characterized by its cephalic setae 2.4–2.8 μm long or 17%–20% head diameter, and amphids of 2.25–2.5 turns. Lateral differentiation appears with larger, more irregularly distributed dots behind 3–5 transverse rows of dots posterior to amphid. Buccal cavity is consisted of a shallow and weakly sclerotized cup-shaped portion with strongly sclerotized walls of 18–21 μm deep. There are three sclerotized and size-equally pointed teeth at the junction between the two parts. Spicules of 41–45 μm long are slightly curved with broadband velum and central strips at the proximal end. The gubernacula, with apparent lateral guiding pieces, are formed by one central tubular piece that is weakly sclerotized with 11–16 μm long dorso-caudally directed apophyses. There are 13–14 fine tubular precloacal supplements. Conico-cylindrical tail gradually tapers till pointed tail tip. Female is similar to male, but have a longer body and tail. Ovaries are opposed and outstretched, with anterior ovary to the left and posterior ovary to the right of the intestine. A pictorial key to all the valid known species in genus Hopperia is given.展开更多
Two new species of free-living marine nematode from mangrove habitats in Xiamen Bay are identified.Anoplostoma tumidum sp.nov.is characterized by relatively short outer labial setae(0.86–1.00 h.d.),long tail(c 7.2–8...Two new species of free-living marine nematode from mangrove habitats in Xiamen Bay are identified.Anoplostoma tumidum sp.nov.is characterized by relatively short outer labial setae(0.86–1.00 h.d.),long tail(c 7.2–8.9,c' 8.3–10.5),an instinct swollen distal portion of slender spicule(Sc 94–101 μm),and well developed copulatory bursae without bursal papillae.A.tumidum sp.nov.differs from all valid species of genus Anoplostoma in copulatory apparatus of males with a distinct swollen distal portion of spicule,and a relatively obvious constriction of head.A.paraviviparum sp.nov.is characterized by relatively long outer labial setae(1.11–1.22 h.d.),and tail(c 6.6–8.5,c' 8.6–10.2);elongated spicules with distinct knob-like proximal and pointed distal ends(Sc 46–69 μm);distinct strip-like gubernaculum(length with 11–15μm);well developed copulatory bursae with precloacal papillae and post-cloacal papillae;and a distinct constriction of head.A.paraviviparum sp.nov.is similar to A.viviparum Bastian,1865,but differs in the reproductive mode of female and the constriction of head.展开更多
The aquaculture industry has developed significantly over the past few decades and has had a substantial impact on the global food supply and marine fisheries resources.However,some problems arise behind the scenes du...The aquaculture industry has developed significantly over the past few decades and has had a substantial impact on the global food supply and marine fisheries resources.However,some problems arise behind the scenes due to excessive intensive farming,such as slow animal growth,frequent disease,and lipid metabolism disorders.These problems have limited the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry,and a continuable solution is required.The use of fungal polysaccharide appears to provide a solution to these problems.Therefore,different supplemented levels of Poria cocos polysaccharide(PCP)(0,0.4,0.8,1.2,1.6,and 2.0 g/kg,respectively)were fed to spotted sea bass(Lateolabrax maculatus)in similar size(30.28±0.18 g)in current study.The effects of PCP on growth,physiological parameters,and lipid metabolism of spotted sea bass were investigated after a 4-week rearing period.Results showed,fish with PCP intake presented a significantly higher weight gain,specific growth rate,and a significantly lower feed conversion ratio.Significantly higher trypsin activity in liver and intestine were observed in fish with PCP intake.The superoxide dismutase activity in serum and liver of fish with PCP intake were significantly improved,while significantly higher serum total antioxidant capacity and hepatic catalase activity were also observed.However,no significant differences in lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase activity were evident among groups.Fish with PCP intake showed a significantly lower total cholesterol,but no noteworthy change in triglyceride and lipid-metabolismrelated genes expression were observed among groups.Results indicated that intake of PCP has a positive effect on growth and antioxidant capacity of spotted sea bass,but seems to have a limited effect on the non-specific immunity and lipid metabolism of spotted sea bass.Based on the regression analysis results,1.4 g/kg of PCP is the optimal dose for spotted sea bass in size(30.28±0.18 g).展开更多
Two new free-living marine nematode species from the mangrove wetlands of Fujian Province,China are identified and illustrated.Sabatieria conicoseta sp.nov.is characterized by its short conical somatic setae.There are...Two new free-living marine nematode species from the mangrove wetlands of Fujian Province,China are identified and illustrated.Sabatieria conicoseta sp.nov.is characterized by its short conical somatic setae.There are 12–15 tubular pre-cloacal supplements and 12–15μm long straight gubernacular apophyses.Dorylaimopsis papilla sp.nov.is characterized by spicules which are 1.5–1.8 a.b.d.long with media cuticularized strip along entire spicules,and have a cephalated proximal end with small hooked.There are 16–18 small papillate precloacal supplements and 37–40μm long dorso-caudal gubernacular apophyses.展开更多
The present study evaluated ef fects of ultrafine powder of the green macroalgae E nteromopha prolifera as dietary supplement on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and serum nonspecific immune responses o...The present study evaluated ef fects of ultrafine powder of the green macroalgae E nteromopha prolifera as dietary supplement on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and serum nonspecific immune responses of the red tilapia(O reochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis niloticus). The red tilapia were fed five diets supplemented with different levels of E. prolifera ultrafine powder as well as a control diet containing no E. prolifera for seven weeks(Diets 0–6 contained 0(control), 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 g/kg of E. prolifera ultrafine powder, respectively). The results showed that diets supplemented with E. prolifera ultrafine powder generally improved growth, immunity and digestive enzyme activities of the red tilapia. In particular, the fish fed the diet incorporated 50 g/kg (5%) E. prolifera ultrafine powder(Diet 5) achieved the highest percentage weight gain, specific growth rate and the condition factor(increased by 15.4%, 8.0% and 5.7%, respectively when compared to the control). Feeding the diet also led to significantly increases( P <0.05) in serum nonspecific immune responses, including total superoxide dismutase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme activities and serum total protein(increased by 19.4%, 48.1%, 29.5%, 30.3% and 8.7%, respectively) as well as digestive enzyme activities of erepsin, gastric amylase, gastric lipase, pepsin, intestinal amylase and gastric lipase(increased by 15.7%, 33.3%, 16.3%, 21.3%, 52.3% and 28.2%, respectively) than those of the control. Based on these results, it is recommended that the inclusion level of E. prolifera ultrafine powder in the diet of the red tilapia should be 50 g/kg(or 5%).展开更多
Catalase is an important antioxidant protein that can protect organisms against various forms of oxidative damage by eliminating hydrogen peroxide. In this study, the catalase c DNA of Paphia textile(Pt CAT) was clone...Catalase is an important antioxidant protein that can protect organisms against various forms of oxidative damage by eliminating hydrogen peroxide. In this study, the catalase c DNA of Paphia textile(Pt CAT) was cloned using RTPCR and rapid amplification of c DNA ends(RACE). Pt CAT is 1 921 bp long and consists of a 5′-UTR of 50 bp, a 3′-UTR of 349 bp, and an ORF of 1 542 bp that encodes 513 amino acids with a molecular weight of 58.4 k D and an estimated isoelectric point of 8.2. Sequence alignment indicated that Pt CAT contained a highly conserved catalytic signature motif(^(61)FNRERIPERVVHAKGAG^(77)), a proximal heme-ligand signature sequence(^(352)RLFSYSDP^(359)), and three catalytic amino acid residues(H^(72), N^(145), and Y^(356)). Pt CAT also contains two putative N-glycosylation sites(^(34)NKT^(36) and ^(437)NFT^(439)) and a peroxisome-targeting signal(^(511)AQL^(513)). Furthermore, Pt CAT shares 53%–88% identity and 29%–89% similarity with other catalase amino acid sequences. Pt CAT m RNA was present in all tested organs, including the heart, digestive gland, adductor muscle, gonad, gill, and mantle, but its expression was highest in the digestive gland. High-temperature-induced stress produced two expression patterns of Pt CAT m RNA: first, an initial up-regulation followed by a down-regulation in the heart, digestive gland, and gonad and, second, consistent down-regulation in all other organs. These results demonstrate that Pt CAT is a typical member of the catalase family and might be involved in the responses to harmful environmental factors.展开更多
The marine bivalve Ruditapes philippinarum(Veneridae)has always been an economically important aquaculture species.In this study,106 831 unigenes and 2 664 SSR loci(1 locus/40 sequences)were achieved from the de novo ...The marine bivalve Ruditapes philippinarum(Veneridae)has always been an economically important aquaculture species.In this study,106 831 unigenes and 2 664 SSR loci(1 locus/40 sequences)were achieved from the de novo assembly transcriptome.Among all the SSRs,tri-nucleotides(46.40%)was the most,followed by di-nucleotides(32.43%).Meanwhile,AAC/GTT(19.82%)was the most common SSR loci searched.After polymorphism detection using 32 wild R.philippinarum individuals,34 polymorphic and 3 monomorphic SSR loci were screened,and the genetic index of them was calculated.The results show that PIC of 30 polymorphic SSR loci was at medium and high levels(PIC>0.25).However,there were five SSR polymorphic loci(e.g.MG871423,MG871428,MG871429,MG871434,MG871435)deviating from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after the Bonferroni correction(adjusted P=0.001 471).The Na value(number of alleles per locus)ranged from 2 to 7.In addition,the Ho(observed heterozygosities)and He(expected heterozygosities)were 0.100 0-1.000 0 and 0.191 3-0.723 6,respectively.Therefore,RNA-Seq was shown as a fast and cost-effective method for genic SSR development in non-model species.Meanwhile,the 37 loci from R.philippinarum will further enrich the genetic information and advance the population conservation and restoration.展开更多
A ten-year chlorophyll-a concentration dataset from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer(MODIS) were used to analyze the variation of phytoplankton biomass and its potential relation with climate in the East...A ten-year chlorophyll-a concentration dataset from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer(MODIS) were used to analyze the variation of phytoplankton biomass and its potential relation with climate in the East China Sea. The result indicated that the phytoplankton biomass generally had a regular pattern every year, and phytoplankton bloom mainly occurred between May and July. The highest phytoplankton biomass appeared near the Yangtze River Estuary. The lowest phytoplankton biomass located near the Taiwan Strait. In general, the starting bloom time was earlier in the south than in the north, and the span time of the former was also longer. During the recent ten years, the phytoplankton biomass around the Yangtze River Estuary decreased obviously. The change of phytoplankton biomass was found to be related with the Ni?o3.4 Index. The correlation between the intensity of phytoplankton bloom with the number and square of red tide were 0.63 and 0.74, respectively.展开更多
Thirty-five new microsatellite loci from the sea cucumbers H olothurian scabra(Jaeger, 1833) and Apostichopus japonicas(Selenka, 1867) were screened and characterized using the method of magnetic bead enrichment. Of t...Thirty-five new microsatellite loci from the sea cucumbers H olothurian scabra(Jaeger, 1833) and Apostichopus japonicas(Selenka, 1867) were screened and characterized using the method of magnetic bead enrichment. Of the twenty-four polymorphic loci tested, eighteen were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after a modified false discovery rate(B-Y FDR) correction, whereas six showed statistically significant deviations(CHS2 and CHS11: P <0.014 790; FCS1, FCS6, FCS8 and FCS14: P <0.015 377). Furthermore, four species of plesiomorphous and related sea cucumbers(Holothurian scabra, Holothuria leucospilota, Stichopus horrens and Apostichopus japonicas) were tested for mutual cross-amplification using a total of ninety microsatellite loci. Although transferability and universality of all loci were generally low, the results of the cross-species study showed that the markers can be applied to identify individuals to species according to the presence or absence of specific microsatellite alleles. The microsatellite markers reported here will contribute to the study of genetic diversity, assisted breeding, and population conservation in sea cucumbers, as well as allow for the identification of individuals to closely related species.展开更多
Fenneropenaeus penicillatus is an endangered species in China due to overfishing and damage to or loss of habitat. In this study, 41 new microsatellite markers were developed by using the FIASCO protocol with subseque...Fenneropenaeus penicillatus is an endangered species in China due to overfishing and damage to or loss of habitat. In this study, 41 new microsatellite markers were developed by using the FIASCO protocol with subsequent analysis on 30 wild individuals from Ningde, China. Our analysis shows that 35 loci were polymorphic and six loci were monomorphic. For the 35 polymorphic loci, the number of alleles ranged from 2 to 7, with an average of 3.657 1. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.121 to 0.794. The observed heterozygosity rate ranged from 0.000 0 to 0.888 9, and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.111 1 to 0.812 9. However, 12 loci did not conform to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction. This is the first time the genetic diversity of F. penicillatus has been explored in Ningde. This group is at a low level of genetic diversity; therefore further measures should be taken to protect this species. Furthermore, these new microsatellite markers will be useful for the future conservation of F. penicillatus.展开更多
Salinity is an important parameter that influences the developmental progress of aquatic organisms.The larvae of Phascolosoma esculenta developed into the early stage trochosphere,the late stage trochosphere and the e...Salinity is an important parameter that influences the developmental progress of aquatic organisms.The larvae of Phascolosoma esculenta developed into the early stage trochosphere,the late stage trochosphere and the early stage pelagosphere in the low-salinity group(15),the middle group(22.5)and the high-salinity group(30),respectively,after being incubated for 50 h,according to morphological observation.The results showed that high salinity could accelerate the cellular development of P.esculenta.To elucidate the molecular mechanism of larval development of P.esculenta under different salinities,we performed transcriptome analysis of the larvae in P.esculenta.Nine transcriptome libraries of P.esculenta larvae were constructed,i.e.,the low-salinity group(A1,A2 and A3),the middle group(B1,B2 and B3)and the high-salinity group(C1,C2 and C3),and each group with three repeats.These nine paired-end libraries were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform.In total,57.63 Gb clean data were obtained and de novo assembled into 320,527 unigenes with mean lengths of 482.62 bp and N50 of 529 bp.A total of 249,162 unigenes were significantly matched to known unique proteins.The gene ontology(GO)annotation and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)were used to determine the regulation pathways and candidate genes that are associated with the process of larval development.A total number of 12,811,16,991 and 1735 transcripts were identified as differentially expressed genes(DEGs)from the comparison of A vs.B,A vs.C,and B vs.C,respectively.Of these differentially expressed genes,many DEGs that were upregulated in the high-salinity group were involved in the function that controls the larval development of P.esculenta,such as the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and ECM-receptor interaction.In addition,the results of the transcriptome analysis were verified by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR).After morphological observation and transcriptome analysis,we think high salinity(30)is more suitable than medium(22.5)or low(15)salinity for the development of P.esculenta larvae.This information provides guidance for artificial breeding and paves the way to the further research on the individual development of P.esculenta under different salinities.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Science Foundation of China(No.41176107)Open Research Fund Program of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment(No.fmfre2014012)the Training Program of Fujian Excellent Talents in University
文摘A new free-living marine nematode species Hopperia sinensis sp. nov. from mangrove forests of Fujian Province, China, is identified and illustrated. Hopperia sinensis sp. nov. is characterized by its cephalic setae 2.4–2.8 μm long or 17%–20% head diameter, and amphids of 2.25–2.5 turns. Lateral differentiation appears with larger, more irregularly distributed dots behind 3–5 transverse rows of dots posterior to amphid. Buccal cavity is consisted of a shallow and weakly sclerotized cup-shaped portion with strongly sclerotized walls of 18–21 μm deep. There are three sclerotized and size-equally pointed teeth at the junction between the two parts. Spicules of 41–45 μm long are slightly curved with broadband velum and central strips at the proximal end. The gubernacula, with apparent lateral guiding pieces, are formed by one central tubular piece that is weakly sclerotized with 11–16 μm long dorso-caudally directed apophyses. There are 13–14 fine tubular precloacal supplements. Conico-cylindrical tail gradually tapers till pointed tail tip. Female is similar to male, but have a longer body and tail. Ovaries are opposed and outstretched, with anterior ovary to the left and posterior ovary to the right of the intestine. A pictorial key to all the valid known species in genus Hopperia is given.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41176107)Open Research Fund Program of Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment of Fujian (No.fmfre2014012)the Training Program of Fujian Excellent Talents in University
文摘Two new species of free-living marine nematode from mangrove habitats in Xiamen Bay are identified.Anoplostoma tumidum sp.nov.is characterized by relatively short outer labial setae(0.86–1.00 h.d.),long tail(c 7.2–8.9,c' 8.3–10.5),an instinct swollen distal portion of slender spicule(Sc 94–101 μm),and well developed copulatory bursae without bursal papillae.A.tumidum sp.nov.differs from all valid species of genus Anoplostoma in copulatory apparatus of males with a distinct swollen distal portion of spicule,and a relatively obvious constriction of head.A.paraviviparum sp.nov.is characterized by relatively long outer labial setae(1.11–1.22 h.d.),and tail(c 6.6–8.5,c' 8.6–10.2);elongated spicules with distinct knob-like proximal and pointed distal ends(Sc 46–69 μm);distinct strip-like gubernaculum(length with 11–15μm);well developed copulatory bursae with precloacal papillae and post-cloacal papillae;and a distinct constriction of head.A.paraviviparum sp.nov.is similar to A.viviparum Bastian,1865,but differs in the reproductive mode of female and the constriction of head.
基金the Science and Technology Planning Project in FujianChina(No.2015N0010)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project in XiamenChina(No.3502Z20143017)。
文摘The aquaculture industry has developed significantly over the past few decades and has had a substantial impact on the global food supply and marine fisheries resources.However,some problems arise behind the scenes due to excessive intensive farming,such as slow animal growth,frequent disease,and lipid metabolism disorders.These problems have limited the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry,and a continuable solution is required.The use of fungal polysaccharide appears to provide a solution to these problems.Therefore,different supplemented levels of Poria cocos polysaccharide(PCP)(0,0.4,0.8,1.2,1.6,and 2.0 g/kg,respectively)were fed to spotted sea bass(Lateolabrax maculatus)in similar size(30.28±0.18 g)in current study.The effects of PCP on growth,physiological parameters,and lipid metabolism of spotted sea bass were investigated after a 4-week rearing period.Results showed,fish with PCP intake presented a significantly higher weight gain,specific growth rate,and a significantly lower feed conversion ratio.Significantly higher trypsin activity in liver and intestine were observed in fish with PCP intake.The superoxide dismutase activity in serum and liver of fish with PCP intake were significantly improved,while significantly higher serum total antioxidant capacity and hepatic catalase activity were also observed.However,no significant differences in lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase activity were evident among groups.Fish with PCP intake showed a significantly lower total cholesterol,but no noteworthy change in triglyceride and lipid-metabolismrelated genes expression were observed among groups.Results indicated that intake of PCP has a positive effect on growth and antioxidant capacity of spotted sea bass,but seems to have a limited effect on the non-specific immunity and lipid metabolism of spotted sea bass.Based on the regression analysis results,1.4 g/kg of PCP is the optimal dose for spotted sea bass in size(30.28±0.18 g).
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.31772416the Science Foundation of Fujian Province under contract No.2017J01450
文摘Two new free-living marine nematode species from the mangrove wetlands of Fujian Province,China are identified and illustrated.Sabatieria conicoseta sp.nov.is characterized by its short conical somatic setae.There are 12–15 tubular pre-cloacal supplements and 12–15μm long straight gubernacular apophyses.Dorylaimopsis papilla sp.nov.is characterized by spicules which are 1.5–1.8 a.b.d.long with media cuticularized strip along entire spicules,and have a cephalated proximal end with small hooked.There are 16–18 small papillate precloacal supplements and 37–40μm long dorso-caudal gubernacular apophyses.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2017J01638)the Science and Technology Project Grant of Xiamen City,China(No.3502Z20113029)the Key Project of Technology Grant of Fujian Province(No.2012N0018)
文摘The present study evaluated ef fects of ultrafine powder of the green macroalgae E nteromopha prolifera as dietary supplement on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and serum nonspecific immune responses of the red tilapia(O reochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis niloticus). The red tilapia were fed five diets supplemented with different levels of E. prolifera ultrafine powder as well as a control diet containing no E. prolifera for seven weeks(Diets 0–6 contained 0(control), 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 g/kg of E. prolifera ultrafine powder, respectively). The results showed that diets supplemented with E. prolifera ultrafine powder generally improved growth, immunity and digestive enzyme activities of the red tilapia. In particular, the fish fed the diet incorporated 50 g/kg (5%) E. prolifera ultrafine powder(Diet 5) achieved the highest percentage weight gain, specific growth rate and the condition factor(increased by 15.4%, 8.0% and 5.7%, respectively when compared to the control). Feeding the diet also led to significantly increases( P <0.05) in serum nonspecific immune responses, including total superoxide dismutase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme activities and serum total protein(increased by 19.4%, 48.1%, 29.5%, 30.3% and 8.7%, respectively) as well as digestive enzyme activities of erepsin, gastric amylase, gastric lipase, pepsin, intestinal amylase and gastric lipase(increased by 15.7%, 33.3%, 16.3%, 21.3%, 52.3% and 28.2%, respectively) than those of the control. Based on these results, it is recommended that the inclusion level of E. prolifera ultrafine powder in the diet of the red tilapia should be 50 g/kg(or 5%).
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.31172397the New Century Excellent Talents of Fujian Province University under contract No.JA14167the Open Research Fund Program of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment under contract No.Z814041
文摘Catalase is an important antioxidant protein that can protect organisms against various forms of oxidative damage by eliminating hydrogen peroxide. In this study, the catalase c DNA of Paphia textile(Pt CAT) was cloned using RTPCR and rapid amplification of c DNA ends(RACE). Pt CAT is 1 921 bp long and consists of a 5′-UTR of 50 bp, a 3′-UTR of 349 bp, and an ORF of 1 542 bp that encodes 513 amino acids with a molecular weight of 58.4 k D and an estimated isoelectric point of 8.2. Sequence alignment indicated that Pt CAT contained a highly conserved catalytic signature motif(^(61)FNRERIPERVVHAKGAG^(77)), a proximal heme-ligand signature sequence(^(352)RLFSYSDP^(359)), and three catalytic amino acid residues(H^(72), N^(145), and Y^(356)). Pt CAT also contains two putative N-glycosylation sites(^(34)NKT^(36) and ^(437)NFT^(439)) and a peroxisome-targeting signal(^(511)AQL^(513)). Furthermore, Pt CAT shares 53%–88% identity and 29%–89% similarity with other catalase amino acid sequences. Pt CAT m RNA was present in all tested organs, including the heart, digestive gland, adductor muscle, gonad, gill, and mantle, but its expression was highest in the digestive gland. High-temperature-induced stress produced two expression patterns of Pt CAT m RNA: first, an initial up-regulation followed by a down-regulation in the heart, digestive gland, and gonad and, second, consistent down-regulation in all other organs. These results demonstrate that Pt CAT is a typical member of the catalase family and might be involved in the responses to harmful environmental factors.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31272668)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2017J01638)
文摘The marine bivalve Ruditapes philippinarum(Veneridae)has always been an economically important aquaculture species.In this study,106 831 unigenes and 2 664 SSR loci(1 locus/40 sequences)were achieved from the de novo assembly transcriptome.Among all the SSRs,tri-nucleotides(46.40%)was the most,followed by di-nucleotides(32.43%).Meanwhile,AAC/GTT(19.82%)was the most common SSR loci searched.After polymorphism detection using 32 wild R.philippinarum individuals,34 polymorphic and 3 monomorphic SSR loci were screened,and the genetic index of them was calculated.The results show that PIC of 30 polymorphic SSR loci was at medium and high levels(PIC>0.25).However,there were five SSR polymorphic loci(e.g.MG871423,MG871428,MG871429,MG871434,MG871435)deviating from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after the Bonferroni correction(adjusted P=0.001 471).The Na value(number of alleles per locus)ranged from 2 to 7.In addition,the Ho(observed heterozygosities)and He(expected heterozygosities)were 0.100 0-1.000 0 and 0.191 3-0.723 6,respectively.Therefore,RNA-Seq was shown as a fast and cost-effective method for genic SSR development in non-model species.Meanwhile,the 37 loci from R.philippinarum will further enrich the genetic information and advance the population conservation and restoration.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China (No. 2019YFD0901405)the Open Project Program of the Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Remote Sensing,Ministry of Agriculture (No. OFSOESFRS201501)+2 种基金the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (CAFS)(No. 2018HY-ZD0103)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research (No. SKLEC-KF201805)the Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-Environment Funding (No. fjmfre2019003)。
文摘A ten-year chlorophyll-a concentration dataset from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer(MODIS) were used to analyze the variation of phytoplankton biomass and its potential relation with climate in the East China Sea. The result indicated that the phytoplankton biomass generally had a regular pattern every year, and phytoplankton bloom mainly occurred between May and July. The highest phytoplankton biomass appeared near the Yangtze River Estuary. The lowest phytoplankton biomass located near the Taiwan Strait. In general, the starting bloom time was earlier in the south than in the north, and the span time of the former was also longer. During the recent ten years, the phytoplankton biomass around the Yangtze River Estuary decreased obviously. The change of phytoplankton biomass was found to be related with the Ni?o3.4 Index. The correlation between the intensity of phytoplankton bloom with the number and square of red tide were 0.63 and 0.74, respectively.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Nos.2014J01133,2017J01638)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31272668)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Fujian Province University and the Foundation for Innovative Research Team of Jimei University,China(No.2010A004)
文摘Thirty-five new microsatellite loci from the sea cucumbers H olothurian scabra(Jaeger, 1833) and Apostichopus japonicas(Selenka, 1867) were screened and characterized using the method of magnetic bead enrichment. Of the twenty-four polymorphic loci tested, eighteen were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after a modified false discovery rate(B-Y FDR) correction, whereas six showed statistically significant deviations(CHS2 and CHS11: P <0.014 790; FCS1, FCS6, FCS8 and FCS14: P <0.015 377). Furthermore, four species of plesiomorphous and related sea cucumbers(Holothurian scabra, Holothuria leucospilota, Stichopus horrens and Apostichopus japonicas) were tested for mutual cross-amplification using a total of ninety microsatellite loci. Although transferability and universality of all loci were generally low, the results of the cross-species study showed that the markers can be applied to identify individuals to species according to the presence or absence of specific microsatellite alleles. The microsatellite markers reported here will contribute to the study of genetic diversity, assisted breeding, and population conservation in sea cucumbers, as well as allow for the identification of individuals to closely related species.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31272668)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(No.2010J01213)+2 种基金the Program of Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology(No.JK2010034)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Fujian Province Universitiesthe Foundation for Innovative Research Team of Jimei University,China(No.2010A004)
文摘Fenneropenaeus penicillatus is an endangered species in China due to overfishing and damage to or loss of habitat. In this study, 41 new microsatellite markers were developed by using the FIASCO protocol with subsequent analysis on 30 wild individuals from Ningde, China. Our analysis shows that 35 loci were polymorphic and six loci were monomorphic. For the 35 polymorphic loci, the number of alleles ranged from 2 to 7, with an average of 3.657 1. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.121 to 0.794. The observed heterozygosity rate ranged from 0.000 0 to 0.888 9, and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.111 1 to 0.812 9. However, 12 loci did not conform to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction. This is the first time the genetic diversity of F. penicillatus has been explored in Ningde. This group is at a low level of genetic diversity; therefore further measures should be taken to protect this species. Furthermore, these new microsatellite markers will be useful for the future conservation of F. penicillatus.
基金This work was partially supported by the Scientific Research Program of Fujian Province under contract No.2015R1003-14the Open Research Fund Program of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment under contract No.fjmfre2019005.
文摘Salinity is an important parameter that influences the developmental progress of aquatic organisms.The larvae of Phascolosoma esculenta developed into the early stage trochosphere,the late stage trochosphere and the early stage pelagosphere in the low-salinity group(15),the middle group(22.5)and the high-salinity group(30),respectively,after being incubated for 50 h,according to morphological observation.The results showed that high salinity could accelerate the cellular development of P.esculenta.To elucidate the molecular mechanism of larval development of P.esculenta under different salinities,we performed transcriptome analysis of the larvae in P.esculenta.Nine transcriptome libraries of P.esculenta larvae were constructed,i.e.,the low-salinity group(A1,A2 and A3),the middle group(B1,B2 and B3)and the high-salinity group(C1,C2 and C3),and each group with three repeats.These nine paired-end libraries were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform.In total,57.63 Gb clean data were obtained and de novo assembled into 320,527 unigenes with mean lengths of 482.62 bp and N50 of 529 bp.A total of 249,162 unigenes were significantly matched to known unique proteins.The gene ontology(GO)annotation and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)were used to determine the regulation pathways and candidate genes that are associated with the process of larval development.A total number of 12,811,16,991 and 1735 transcripts were identified as differentially expressed genes(DEGs)from the comparison of A vs.B,A vs.C,and B vs.C,respectively.Of these differentially expressed genes,many DEGs that were upregulated in the high-salinity group were involved in the function that controls the larval development of P.esculenta,such as the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and ECM-receptor interaction.In addition,the results of the transcriptome analysis were verified by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR).After morphological observation and transcriptome analysis,we think high salinity(30)is more suitable than medium(22.5)or low(15)salinity for the development of P.esculenta larvae.This information provides guidance for artificial breeding and paves the way to the further research on the individual development of P.esculenta under different salinities.
