BACKGROUND Studies on varicose veins have focused its effects on physical function;however,whether nonsurgical treatments alter muscle oxygenation or physical function remains unclear.Moreover,the differences in such ...BACKGROUND Studies on varicose veins have focused its effects on physical function;however,whether nonsurgical treatments alter muscle oxygenation or physical function remains unclear.Moreover,the differences in such functions between individuals with varicose veins and healthy individuals remain unclear.AIM To investigate changes in physical function and the quality of life(QOL)following nonsurgical treatment of patients with varicose veins and determine the changes in their muscle oxygenation during activity.METHODS We enrolled 37 participants(those with varicose veins,n=17;healthy individuals,n=20).We performed the following measurements pre-and post-nonsurgical treatment in the varicose vein patients and healthy individuals:Calf muscle oxygenation during the two-minute step test,open eyes one-leg stance,30 s sit-to-stand test,visual analog scale(VAS)for pain,Pittsburgh sleep quality index,physical activity assessment,and QOL assessment.RESULTS Varicose veins patients and healthy individuals differ in most variables(physical function,sleep quality,and QOL).Varicose veins patients showed significant differences between pre-and post-nonsurgical treatment—results in the 30 sit-to-stand test[14.41(2.45)to 16.35(4.11),P=0.018],two-minute step test[162.29(25.98)to 170.65(23.80),P=0.037],VAS for pain[5.35(1.90)to 3.88(1.73),P=0.004],and QOL[39.34(19.98)to 26.69(17.02),P=0.005];however,no significant difference was observed for muscle oxygenation.CONCLUSION Nonsurgical treatment improved lower extremity function and QOL in varicose veins patients,bringing their condition close to that of healthy individuals.Future studies should include patients with severe varicose veins requiring surgery to confirm our findings.展开更多
Flexible fibrous supercapacitors(FFS)are taking account of as the energy storage devices for wearable electronics owing to their high power density,high safety,long cycle life,and simple manufacturing process.Neverthe...Flexible fibrous supercapacitors(FFS)are taking account of as the energy storage devices for wearable electronics owing to their high power density,high safety,long cycle life,and simple manufacturing process.Nevertheless,FFSs have the disadvantage of low specific capacitance that results from the electrochemical characteristics of the electrical double layer on the carbon fiber electrode.In this study,for the first time,an FFS comprising surface-activated carbon fibers as an electrode/current collector and a redox additive gel polymer electrolyte(FFS-SARE)was fabricated for use as a wearable energy storage device.The FFS-SARE showed outstanding electrochemical performance,namely,high specific capacitances of 891 and 399 mF cm^(-2) at current densities of 70.0 and 400 μA cm^(-2),respectively,and remarkable ultrafast cycling stability over 5000 cycles with 92%capacitance retention at a current density of 400.0 μA cm^(-2).Moreover,they exhibited mechanical flexibility and had high feasibility,and they showed good energy storage performance that renders them suitable for use in wearable electronic textiles.展开更多
基金Supported by Biomedical Research Institute,Pusan National University Hospital,202200420001.
文摘BACKGROUND Studies on varicose veins have focused its effects on physical function;however,whether nonsurgical treatments alter muscle oxygenation or physical function remains unclear.Moreover,the differences in such functions between individuals with varicose veins and healthy individuals remain unclear.AIM To investigate changes in physical function and the quality of life(QOL)following nonsurgical treatment of patients with varicose veins and determine the changes in their muscle oxygenation during activity.METHODS We enrolled 37 participants(those with varicose veins,n=17;healthy individuals,n=20).We performed the following measurements pre-and post-nonsurgical treatment in the varicose vein patients and healthy individuals:Calf muscle oxygenation during the two-minute step test,open eyes one-leg stance,30 s sit-to-stand test,visual analog scale(VAS)for pain,Pittsburgh sleep quality index,physical activity assessment,and QOL assessment.RESULTS Varicose veins patients and healthy individuals differ in most variables(physical function,sleep quality,and QOL).Varicose veins patients showed significant differences between pre-and post-nonsurgical treatment—results in the 30 sit-to-stand test[14.41(2.45)to 16.35(4.11),P=0.018],two-minute step test[162.29(25.98)to 170.65(23.80),P=0.037],VAS for pain[5.35(1.90)to 3.88(1.73),P=0.004],and QOL[39.34(19.98)to 26.69(17.02),P=0.005];however,no significant difference was observed for muscle oxygenation.CONCLUSION Nonsurgical treatment improved lower extremity function and QOL in varicose veins patients,bringing their condition close to that of healthy individuals.Future studies should include patients with severe varicose veins requiring surgery to confirm our findings.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(NRF-2020R1C1C1010611).
文摘Flexible fibrous supercapacitors(FFS)are taking account of as the energy storage devices for wearable electronics owing to their high power density,high safety,long cycle life,and simple manufacturing process.Nevertheless,FFSs have the disadvantage of low specific capacitance that results from the electrochemical characteristics of the electrical double layer on the carbon fiber electrode.In this study,for the first time,an FFS comprising surface-activated carbon fibers as an electrode/current collector and a redox additive gel polymer electrolyte(FFS-SARE)was fabricated for use as a wearable energy storage device.The FFS-SARE showed outstanding electrochemical performance,namely,high specific capacitances of 891 and 399 mF cm^(-2) at current densities of 70.0 and 400 μA cm^(-2),respectively,and remarkable ultrafast cycling stability over 5000 cycles with 92%capacitance retention at a current density of 400.0 μA cm^(-2).Moreover,they exhibited mechanical flexibility and had high feasibility,and they showed good energy storage performance that renders them suitable for use in wearable electronic textiles.
