In the Tano River Basin,groundwater serves as a crucial resource;however,its quantity and quality with regard to trace elements and microbiological loadings remain poorly understood due to the lack of groundwater logs...In the Tano River Basin,groundwater serves as a crucial resource;however,its quantity and quality with regard to trace elements and microbiological loadings remain poorly understood due to the lack of groundwater logs and limited water research.This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the Tano River Basin,focusing on three key objectives.First,it investigated the aquifer hydraulic parameters and the results showed significant spatial variations in borehole depths,yields,transmissivity,hydraulic conductivity,and specific capacity.Deeper boreholes were concentrated in the northeastern and southeastern zones,while geological formations,particu-larly the Apollonian Formation,exhibit a strong influence on borehole yields.The study identified areas with high transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity in the southern and eastern regions,suggesting good groundwater avail-ability and suitability for sustainable water supply.Sec-ondly,the research investigated the groundwater quality and observed that the majority of borehole samples fall within WHO(Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality,Environmental Health Criteria,Geneva,2011,2017.http://www.who.int)limit.However,some samples have pH levels below the standards,although the groundwater generally qualifies as freshwater.The study further explores hydrochemical facies and health risk assessment,highlighting the dominance of Ca–HCO3 water type.Trace element analysis reveals minimal health risks from most elements,with chromium(Cr)as the primary contributor to chronic health risk.Overall,this study has provided a key insights into the Tano River Basin’s hydrogeology and associated health risks.The outcome of this research has contributed to the broader understanding of hydrogeologi-cal dynamics and the importance of managing groundwater resources sustainably in complex geological environments.展开更多
The study area is a part of the Arabian Shield rocks of west central part of Saudi Arabia (150 km to the northeast of Jeddah). Geologically, the study area comprises five main geologic units i.e. 1) Layered basic volc...The study area is a part of the Arabian Shield rocks of west central part of Saudi Arabia (150 km to the northeast of Jeddah). Geologically, the study area comprises five main geologic units i.e. 1) Layered basic volcanics and related volcaniclastics which are composed mainly from intercalated basalts and andesites and the related volcaniclastic derivatives, 2) Acidic volcanics and related volcaniclastics which are composed from layered and laminated dark and light acidic to intermediate igneous rocks, quartz and chert and marbles, 3) The Tertiary sedimentary succession which of volcaniclastic red beds and the intercalated clays;5) Tertiary volcanics of Harrart, and 4) The Quaternary wadi fill deposits which are composed from friable pebble supported conglomerates, sandstones and clays. Hydrogeologically, the groundwater aquifer of Wadi Qudaid is present mainly in two main horizons i.e. i) unconfined shallow aquifer (13 - 37 m) within the well porous and permeable conglomerates of the Quaternary Wadi deposits, ii) The deep confined aquifer of the bedded tuffaceous sandstones and mudstone of the Tertiary sedimentary succession of Ash Shumaysi Formation. The water samples are analyzed for major elements i.e. Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, SO4, HCO3 and the results show the normal content of these elements. The study related the addition and depletion of many elements during the running trip of the groundwater from the northeast (recharge area) to the southwest (downstream) area.展开更多
This paper discusses the designing plan of ORACLE-based Bohai Sea engineering geology database structure from requisition analysis, conceptual structure analysis, logical structure analysis, physical structure analysi...This paper discusses the designing plan of ORACLE-based Bohai Sea engineering geology database structure from requisition analysis, conceptual structure analysis, logical structure analysis, physical structure analysis and security designing. In the study, we used the object-oriented Unified Modeling Language (UML) to model the conceptual structure of the database and used the powerful function of data management which the object-oriented and relational database ORACLE provides to organize and manage the storage space and improve its security performance. By this means, the database can provide rapid and highly effective performance in data storage, maintenance and query to satisfy the application requisition of the Bohai Sea Oilfield Paradigm Area Information System.展开更多
The hydrogeology of the Basin Granitoids in the Sekyere South District of Ashanti Region of Ghana has been evaluated applying the electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) geophysical technique and pumping test analysis. T...The hydrogeology of the Basin Granitoids in the Sekyere South District of Ashanti Region of Ghana has been evaluated applying the electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) geophysical technique and pumping test analysis. The ERI was conducted to obtain information on resistivity distribution for groundwater accumulation and pumping test was used to obtain transmissivity and sustainable yields of boreholes. Results from the ERI technique show that the general resistivity distribution in the area is between (20 - 4000) Ω-m and the resistivity range that is related to groundwater occurrence is between (50 - 300) Ω-m for the weathered and (100 - 600) Ω-m for the fractured granitic rocks. The aquifers are generally shallow to medium depth and where resistivities of the aquifer zones are less than 400 Ω-m in the fresh granites, high yields are likely to be attained. Pumping test also revealed that transmissivity values range between (5.89 - 43) m2/day, with sustainable yields ranging between 50 - 380 m3/day. These results suggest that boreholes in the area will be sustainable for domestic supplies.展开更多
Dikko area, Niger State, North Central Nigeria falls within the Pan-African thermo-tectonic event which occurred in Nigeria as in other parts of West Africa with widespread effect on the mineralization of rejuvenated ...Dikko area, Niger State, North Central Nigeria falls within the Pan-African thermo-tectonic event which occurred in Nigeria as in other parts of West Africa with widespread effect on the mineralization of rejuvenated basement and geosynclinal trough deposits. The Pan-African Belt in Nigeria forms part of the Benin-Nigeria (Dahomeyan) shield which is regarded as the southern prolongation of the circumcratonic Pan-African belt of the West African Craton. Structurally controlled, gold-bearing quartz veins were measured and studied in the area from an extensive geological ground investigation. Field and petrographical studies indicate that the Neoproterozoic rocks constitute gneisses, amphibolite schist, amphibolites and migmatites. The amphibolites are intruded by pegmatites. The associated quartz veins are generally concordant with the main N</span></span><span><span><span>-</span></span></span><span><span><span>S regional structural trend. The lithological and structural studies carried out in these areas have demonstrated the relationship between structures and mineralization and/or lithology. The main characteristics of the gold mineralization in the area appear to indicate hydrothermal mineralization in connection with shear zones. This study allows us to predict that quartz veins in the amphibolite can be mined at a profit and a detailed geochemical and resource valuation needs to be carried out for the Au and associated Galena and Ag mineralization to fully exploit their economic potential.展开更多
The study area is located in south of Khorasan-Razavi province. This region is part of central Iran, which is of high significance due to existence of metal and non-metal deposits. Considering the location of the stud...The study area is located in south of Khorasan-Razavi province. This region is part of central Iran, which is of high significance due to existence of metal and non-metal deposits. Considering the location of the study area, the lithology and metal-mineral indices of Dolat-Abad sheet, it can be said that their metallic deposits are economically feasible. Hence, this region is considered promising for exploration of metallic deposits. In order to achieve this goal, at first, the region’s alterations were detected by using OLI-ASTER images in ENVI software. After processing the lithogeochemical data in SPSS and GIS software, anomaly map of studied elements was obtained. Using geological map, different layers such as lithology, faults and indices were obtained. Eventually, by preparing the layers and incorporating those using the index overlay GIS modeling, promising mineralization areas in the region were identified. Results show that a significant Cu-Au mineralization has occurred in the south western region of the study area.展开更多
Magma produced by melting of continental crust and mantle at the Archean-Proterozoic boundary are compositionally variable and chemical compositions provide evidence for the mixing of two sources. Understanding the co...Magma produced by melting of continental crust and mantle at the Archean-Proterozoic boundary are compositionally variable and chemical compositions provide evidence for the mixing of two sources. Understanding the composition of hybrid magma is essential for determining the comparative infl uence of crust and mantle sources during orogenesis. The hybrid granites are less documented in Indian cratons, especially less in Dharwar Craton. Here we present petrographic and whole-rock geochemical data of Madgulapalli granitic rocks situated in the NE part of the Eastern Dharwar Craton(EDC), to elucidate their petrogenesis and role in crust formation. The Madugulapalli granites(MPG) are composed chiefl y of plagioclase, quartz, and alkali feldspar with associated biotite showing alteration and inter-granular textures. Geochemically, they are metaluminous to peraluminous in nature with calc-alkaline hybrid granite. The hybrid granites exhibit both negative and positive europium anomalies;the lower Rb/Sr, Rb, Sr, and higher Sr/Y,(Dy/Yb)N ratios suggest that the interaction of older rocks with residual garnet source melted at high pressures. We hypothesize that hybrid granites are formed by interaction(e.g., metasomatism, mingling, or mixing) between parental magmas and pre-existing rocks with the infl uence of sanukitoid melts(heat source) in a subduction environment. The genesis of the hybrid granites demonstrates the mixing coupled with diff erentiation in the petrogeny’s residue system in a syn-collision setting followed by continental crust stability in EDC during the Neoarchean period.展开更多
The Safaga Region(SR)is part of the Red Sea mountain range in Egypt.Catastrophic flash flooding is now an inescapable event,wreaking havoc and causing massive loss of life and property.The majority of the floodwater,h...The Safaga Region(SR)is part of the Red Sea mountain range in Egypt.Catastrophic flash flooding is now an inescapable event,wreaking havoc and causing massive loss of life and property.The majority of the floodwater,however,has been wasted as runoff to the Red Sea,which,if used wisely,could meet a fraction of the water demands for a variety of applications in this area.The current work aims to use GIS techniques to integrate remote sensing data for evaluating,mitigating,and managing flash floods in SR.The data set comprised Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM)thematic rainfall data,1:50,000 scale topographical map sheets,geological maps,the ASTER Digital Elevation Model(ASTER GDEM),Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper"(ETM7+),and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager.The flash flood risk model of SR is developed using ArcGIS-10.3 geoprocessing tools integrating all the causal factors thematic maps.The final flood risk model for the SR suggests that 57%of the total basins in the SR are at high risk of flooding.Almost 38%of all basins are at moderate flood risk.The remaining 5%of basins are less prone to flooding.Flood-prone zones were identified,suitable dam-building sites were located,and extremely probable areas for water recharge were recognized.On the basis of reliable scientific data,structural and non-structural mitigation strategies that might reduce the damage susceptibility,alleviate the sensitivity of the flash flood,and best utilize its water supply were recommended.展开更多
Western Desert represents a major oil and gas province in Egypt producing more than 50%of the country’s oil production.Oil and gas blend occurs in most producing fields,however,the genetic link between gas and liquid...Western Desert represents a major oil and gas province in Egypt producing more than 50%of the country’s oil production.Oil and gas blend occurs in most producing fields,however,the genetic link between gas and liquid hydrocarbon phases are not well-constrained.Obayied sub-basin in the Western Desert where oil and gas phases coexist in the Middle Jurassic sandstones of the Khatatba Formation provides an ideal place to investigate the link between oil and gas generation.Geochemical analyses on rock samples(Rock–Eval pyrolysis,vitrinite reflectance,R_(o))and gases(molecular and isotopic composition)were conducted in order to identify the genetic characteristics of the hydrocarbon phases produced.Maturity-relevant parameters(Rock–Eval T_(max),vitrinite reflectance R_(o))elucidate that only Middle Jurassic Khatatba organofacies capable of generating wet and dry hydrocarbon gases.Additionally,the enrichment of C_(7)normal alkanes,mono-branched alkanes relative to polybranched components in the Obayied gases reflect their generation via cracking of oil.Basin modelling results confirm gas generation through both primary and secondary cracking.However,secondary cracking of liquid hydrocarbon phases is volumetrically more significant.Primary cracking of the Khatatba organofacies likely predate and catalyze the secondary cracking of the liquid phases and therefore the volume of generated gas increases incrementally eastward where both processes coexist.The present study highlights the significant role of secondary cracking in the generation and accumulation of huge gas accumulations in the basins containing oil-prone source intervals.展开更多
Aptian is characterized by widespread deposition of organic-rich sediment.The Aptian bitumen limestone horizon,which is thin decimetre-thick sequences,locally crops out in the Kircaova area,Eastern Black Sea Region(Ea...Aptian is characterized by widespread deposition of organic-rich sediment.The Aptian bitumen limestone horizon,which is thin decimetre-thick sequences,locally crops out in the Kircaova area,Eastern Black Sea Region(Eastern Pontides).They are well correlated with Aptian bitumen limestone in the other Tethys Reams.They are proposed as episodes of increased organic matter.However,background factors controlling organic matter enrichment are poorly known.In this study,we present new inorganic geochemistry,including trace elements,rare earth elements(REE),redox-sensitive elements(RSE),stable-isotopes(δ~(18)O andδ~(13)C),and total organic carbon(TOC).We integrated new geochemical data with existing stratigraphy,paleontology,and organic chemistry data to provide new insight into the depositional environment and paleoclimate conditions during Aptian.The lacustrine bitumen limestone(LBL)samples have variedδ~(13)C(ave.-1.45‰)andδ~(18)O(ave.-4.50‰).They possess distinct REE patterns,with an average of REE(ave.14.45 ppm)and Y/Ho(ave.35)ratios.In addition,they have variable Nd/YbN(0.28-0.81;ave.0.56)and Ce/Ce*(0.68-0.97;ave.0.86),and relatively high Eu^(*)/Eu(1.23-1.53;ave.1.35).They display seawater signatures with reduced oxygen conditions.The enrichment in RSE(Mo,Cu,Ni,and Zn)and the low Mo/TOC(0.70-3.69;ave.2.41)support a certain degree of water restriction.The high Sr/Ba,Sr/Cu,Ga/Rb,and K/Al records of the LBL facies suggest hot house climatic conditions.The sedimentary environment was probably an isolated basin that is transformed from the marine basin.In addition to depositional conditions,the regional parameters such as the climate,increased run-off period,nutrient levels,alkalinity level,and dominant carbonate producers favored the enrichment in organic matter of LBL facies.Thus,extreme greenhouse palaeoclimate conditions have an important role in organic matter enrichment in the isolated basin.Our results are conformable with the published data from marine,semi-restricted basin,and lacustrine settings in the different parts of the Tethys margin.Thus,this approach provides the first insight into the Aptian greenhouse paleo-climate conditions of the Eastern Black Sea Region,NE Turkey.展开更多
Turkey’s Eastern Anatolia Region is the oldest known mineral mining area of Maden and Alacakaya.Chromite production in the Alacakaya field constitutes 50% of the country’s exports,and copper mines in the Maden regio...Turkey’s Eastern Anatolia Region is the oldest known mineral mining area of Maden and Alacakaya.Chromite production in the Alacakaya field constitutes 50% of the country’s exports,and copper mines in the Maden region account for approximately 12% of the country’s copper production.There is a risk of water pollution due to significant mine waste which affects the Inci and Maden rivers.The water needs of many settlements are met from these streams,which run through these two mine sites.This study investigated the water pollution in the rivers.25 water samples were collected during the dry and rainy periods,and the Al,Cr,Cu,Fe,Li,Mn,Ni,Pb,Sr and Zn contents of these samples were examined in terms of health.Evaluation of element concentrations and creation of spatial distribution maps were performed using ArcGIS software.Spatial distribution maps,correlation and cluster analysis indicate that the source of heavy metals observed in waters is mine fields.The heavy metal content of the samples is higher in the dry period,the high concentration values are obtained from the mine sites,the decrease in the concentrations throughout the flow during the rainy period,are indicators of the effect of the mines on the water pollution.As a result of the comparison from the analysis results of water samples with World Health Organization(WHO),Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)and European Commission(EC)standards,the element values of Al,Cr,Fe,Mn,Ni and Pb exceeded the permissible values for health.The concentrations of these elements for dry period samples are:0-6.411 mg L^(-1),0.006-0.235 mg L^(-1),0-13.433 mg L^(-1),0-0.316 mg L^(-1),0-0.495 mg L^(-1),0-0.065mg L^(-1),and for rainy period samples are 0-1.698mg/L,0-0.2 mg L^(-1),0-9.033 mg L^(-1),0-0.173 mg L^(-1),0-0.373 mg L^(-1),0-0.034 mg L^(-1),respectively.Although the waters in the region are polluted by heavy metals,it has been determined that there is no noncarcinogenic hazard as a result of the calculation of the hazard index(HI<1)by ingestion and dermal contact within the scope of human health risk assessment.This study will be beneficial as it draws attention to the prevention of the negative effects of water pollution,which may cause serious health problems in the future as a result of mining activities in the region.展开更多
The Diş Kayalıkları is one of the largest and most striking examples of crests in the world and is located between Eskidere and Boğazören villages of the İmranlı district of the Sivas province in Turkey. The cres...The Diş Kayalıkları is one of the largest and most striking examples of crests in the world and is located between Eskidere and Boğazören villages of the İmranlı district of the Sivas province in Turkey. The crests, which resemble castle walls when viewed from afar, have a real wall pattern due to the right-angled crack system of the bedrock when viewed closely. This study aims at investigating the geomorphological features of the Diş Kayalıkları and determining how the geological and geomorphological evolution of the Diş Kayalıkları took place and how the current formation mechanism continues. In the region, the mid-latitude continental climate prevails with cold humid winters and warm dry summers. The bedrock consists of Miocene bedded deposits of different resistance, folded by young tectonic movements. Diş Kayalıkları was formed by selective erosion of less resistant terrain around a pack of resistant rock on the steeper southern slope of an asymmetrical anticline. It has a length of 4750 m in the approximately northwest-southeast direction, a maximum height of 30 m, and a width varying between 5 and 8 m. In the present morphological appearance of the Diş Kayalıkları, it can be stated that the structure formed after the tectonic formation process was eroded under the control of the local climate and crest formation was realized. In the following process, the crest experienced a polycyclic process where different landforms were formed. There are smaller landforms such as karren, cave and rock window on Diş Kayalıkları, and macrofossil beds in some places. This highly attractive geomorphosite, unknown to wider public, should be investigated from various scientific aspects and should be brought to regional tourism by making the necessary infrastructure and promotion studies.展开更多
The northern Andaman Sea off Myanmar is one of the relatively high productive regions in the Indian Ocean.The abundance,biomass and species composition of mesozooplankton and their relationships with environmental var...The northern Andaman Sea off Myanmar is one of the relatively high productive regions in the Indian Ocean.The abundance,biomass and species composition of mesozooplankton and their relationships with environmental variables in the epipelagic zone(~200 m)were studied for the first time during the Sino-Myanmar joint cruise(February 2020).The mean abundance and biomass of mesozooplankton were(1916.7±1192.9)ind./m3and(17.8±7.9)mg/m3,respectively.A total of 213 species(taxa)were identified from all samples.The omnivorous Cyclopoida Oncaea venusta and Oithona spp.were the top two dominant taxa.Three mesozooplankton communities were determined via cluster analysis:the open ocean in the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal(Group A),the transition zone across the Preparis Channel(Group B),and nearshore water off the Ayeyarwady Delta and along the Tanintharyi Coast(Group C).Variation partitioning analysis revealed that the interaction of physical and biological factors explained 98.8%of mesozooplankton community spatial variation,and redundancy analysis revealed that column mean chlorophyll a concentration(CMCHLA)was the most important explanatory variable(43.1%).The abundance and biomass were significantly higher in Group C,the same as CMCHLA and column mean temperature(CMT)and in contrast to salinity,and CMT was the dominant factor.Significant taxon spatial variations were controlled by CMCHLA,salinity and temperature.This study suggested that mesozooplankton spatial variation was mainly regulated by physical processes through their effects on CMCHLA.The physical processes were simultaneously affected by heat loss differences,freshwater influx,eddies and depth.展开更多
Preparis Channel is the very important exchange path of energy and materials between the northern Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea(AS).A set of hydrographic measurements,a microstructure profiler,and a deep mooring were ...Preparis Channel is the very important exchange path of energy and materials between the northern Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea(AS).A set of hydrographic measurements,a microstructure profiler,and a deep mooring were used to determine the characteristics of water masses,turbulent mixing,and flows in the Preparis Channel.The unprecedented short-term mooring data reveal that a deep current in the deep narrow passage(below 400 m)of the Preparis Channel flows toward the Bay of Bengal(BoB)with a mean along-stream velocity of 25.26 cm/s at depth of 540 m;above the deep current,there are a relatively weak current flows toward the AS with a mean along-stream velocity of 15.46 cm/s between 500 m and 520 m,and another weak current flows toward the BoB between 430 m and 500 m.Thus,a sandwiched vertical structure of deep currents(below 400 m)is present in the Preparis Channel.The volume transport below 400 m is 0.06 Sv(1 Sv=106 m^(3)/s)from the AS to the BoB.In the upper layer(shallower than 300 m),the sea water of the AS is relatively warmer and fresher than that in the BoB,indicating a strong exchange through the channel.Microstructure profiler observations reveal that the turbulent diffusivity in the upper layer of the Preparis Channel reaches O(10−4 m^(2)/s),one order larger than that in the interior of the BoB and over the continental slope of the northern AS.We speculate that energetic high-mode internal tides in the Preparis Channel contribute to elevated turbulent mixing.In addition,a local“hotspot”of turbidity is identified at the deep mooring site,at depth of about 100 m,which corresponds to the location of elevated turbulent mixing in the Preparis Channel.展开更多
Fusarium dry rot is considered to be the most critical soilborne and postharvest disease that damages potato tubers worldwide when they are stored for a long time.This study was performed to demonstrate the effect of ...Fusarium dry rot is considered to be the most critical soilborne and postharvest disease that damages potato tubers worldwide when they are stored for a long time.This study was performed to demonstrate the effect of crude extract,culture filtrate,and cell suspension obtained from the bacterium Bacillus subtilis Hussain T-AMU,on the net house and field.From oil-contaminated soil,through the serial dilution method,biosurfactant bacteria were isolated on nutrient agar medium.To isolate and screen the prospective biosurfactant strain,various biosurfactant screening methods were used.Standard protocols were carried out for morphological,molecular,and chemical characterization.The disease incidences were significantly decreased under net house and field conditions after treatment with biosurfactant extract(20%,70%),culture filtrate(23%,49%),and bacterial cell suspension(46%,27%),respectively.These results indicate a significant effect of B.subtilis HussainT-AMU against Fusarium oxysporum.The characterization of the partially purified extract by gas-chromatography indicated the existence of a high amount of methyl ester fatty acids.The quantitative analysis determined the presence of lipopeptide-surfactin,fengycin,and iturin in the biosurfactant extract.Scanning electron microscopy revealed that morphological variation was revealed in the structure of stomata size in leaves and in the mycelia of the pathogen that was investigated.This promising biocontrol agent can be a plausible option for further research and can also be used for the production of green biomolecules at an additional industrial level.展开更多
Herein,iron oxide/hydroxides deposits(gossans)were utilized,for the first time,in the fabrication of magnetite nanoparticles(MNPs)to load modified coal(MC).The as-synthesized MNPs@MC composite was characterized via di...Herein,iron oxide/hydroxides deposits(gossans)were utilized,for the first time,in the fabrication of magnetite nanoparticles(MNPs)to load modified coal(MC).The as-synthesized MNPs@MC composite was characterized via different techniques and utilized for the Cr(Ⅵ)remediation.Experimental studies supported by theoretical treatment were applied to offer a new overview of the Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption geometry and mechanism at 25-45℃.Experimental results suggested that the Cr(Ⅵ)uptake was mainly governed by adsorption-reduction coupled mechanism.The Langmuir model fitted well the Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption data with maximum adsorption capacities extended from 115.24 to 129.63 mg·g^(-1).Theoretical calculations indicated that Cr(Ⅵ)ions were adsorbed on the MNPs@MC following the theory of the advanced monolayer statistical model.The number of ions removed per site ranged from 1.88 to1.23 suggesting the involvement of vertical geometry and multi-ionic mechanism at all temperatures.The increment of the active sites density and the adsorption capacity at saturation with improving temperature reflected an endothermic process.Energetically,the Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption was controlled by physical forces as the adsorption energies were less than 40 kJ·mol^(-1).The calculated free enthalpy,entropy.and internal energy explained the spontaneous nature and the viability of Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption on the MNPs@MC adsorbent.These results offer a new approach in utilizing the iron-rich deposits as gossans in the preparation of magnetic and low-cost adsorbents for wastewater remediation.展开更多
Located south of the West Bank, Wadi Al-Samen is considered one of the most important sources of groundwater recharge for the eastern aquifer in Hebron. It is polluted by sewage originating from domestic and industria...Located south of the West Bank, Wadi Al-Samen is considered one of the most important sources of groundwater recharge for the eastern aquifer in Hebron. It is polluted by sewage originating from domestic and industrial consumption in the Hebron area. Water quality assessment is an important criterion for achieving sustainable development. To evaluate water quality, twenty samples were collected from groundwater sources for two seasons and were analyzed for Physical properties (Total dissolved solids (TDS), Electrical conductivity (EC), potential hydrogen (pH), Temperature (T)), Four major cations (Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup>), and the Major anions (HCO<sup>-</sup>3</sub>, Cl<sup>-</sup>, and SO<sup>2-</sup>4</sub>);geochemical methods such as Piper scheme were used for the sample result analysis. To characterize wastewater components, six samples were collected from the Wadi discharge for two seasons and were analyzed (potential hydrogen (pH), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD<sub>5</sub>), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The results of nitrate levels showed that 20% of the ground water samples exceeded the standard limit of the World Health Organization (WHO). The quality of drinking water was assessed using the Water Quality Index (WQI), which suggests that 10% of samples are classified from poor to very poor. The abundance of cations from highest to lowest was found to be: Ca;Mg;Na, and for the anions it is HCO<sub>3</sub>;Cl;SO<sub>4</sub>. The dominant hydrochemical facies of 35% of collected aquifer samples reveal that Ca-Mg-Na-Cl-HCO<sub>3</sub> are in the domain. Evaluation of irrigation suitability was performed using parameters of Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), electric conductivity (EC), and Salinity. The results in both rounds for EC showed that all water sources are suitable for irrigation according to Todd’s classification. SAR was not suitable in three water resources samples. Wilcox analysis for the two seasons revealed that 85% of samples are not appropriate for irrigation uses.展开更多
Water is the most essential natural resource for the future development.Agriculture production is extensively water-dependent and a significant polluter of water resources.So,this work investigated the effect of two d...Water is the most essential natural resource for the future development.Agriculture production is extensively water-dependent and a significant polluter of water resources.So,this work investigated the effect of two different preparation media[Bold’s Basal Medium(BBM)and Domiati cheese whey(DCW)]for agricultural drainage water(ADW)remediation.All treatments were incubated for 6 days.According to the results of biomass productivity,specific growth rate,photosynthetic pigments,and biochemical composition,Desmodesmus sp.can grow in drainage water without dilution.The two treatments significantly reduced the concentration of nitrate,phosphate,chemical oxygen demand,and sodium in ADW.Finally,using cheese whey with BBM as inoculum preparation media enhanced the lipid accumulation in the algal biomass(25.4%w/w)and gave the best biodiesel properties among treatments.Therefore,combining remediation of drainage water with microalgae mass production can achieve the sustainability of agriculture.展开更多
根据龙门山前陆盆地西缘沉降中心、冲积扇侧向迁移、活动构造地貌和古地磁等标志及龙门山在中生代以来的走滑作用和走滑方向的标定研究,结果表明:龙门山断裂带具有走滑性质,走滑方向曾发生过反转,在反转之前以左行走滑作用为特征,在反...根据龙门山前陆盆地西缘沉降中心、冲积扇侧向迁移、活动构造地貌和古地磁等标志及龙门山在中生代以来的走滑作用和走滑方向的标定研究,结果表明:龙门山断裂带具有走滑性质,走滑方向曾发生过反转,在反转之前以左行走滑作用为特征,在反转之后以右行走滑作用为特征。根据地层记录和古地磁证据,认为龙门山走滑方向反转的时间应介于43 M a^3.6 M a之间,即由中生代至早新生代时期的左行走滑作用反转为晚新生代时期的右行走滑作用。然对龙门山断裂带走滑方向反转的成因初步分析认为晚新生代龙门山右行走滑作用是印-亚碰撞后构造作用的产物,晚三叠世至早新生代左行走滑作用是青藏高原自晚三叠世以来大陆碰撞作用导致松潘-甘孜褶皱带北东-南西向缩短的产物。展开更多
文摘In the Tano River Basin,groundwater serves as a crucial resource;however,its quantity and quality with regard to trace elements and microbiological loadings remain poorly understood due to the lack of groundwater logs and limited water research.This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the Tano River Basin,focusing on three key objectives.First,it investigated the aquifer hydraulic parameters and the results showed significant spatial variations in borehole depths,yields,transmissivity,hydraulic conductivity,and specific capacity.Deeper boreholes were concentrated in the northeastern and southeastern zones,while geological formations,particu-larly the Apollonian Formation,exhibit a strong influence on borehole yields.The study identified areas with high transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity in the southern and eastern regions,suggesting good groundwater avail-ability and suitability for sustainable water supply.Sec-ondly,the research investigated the groundwater quality and observed that the majority of borehole samples fall within WHO(Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality,Environmental Health Criteria,Geneva,2011,2017.http://www.who.int)limit.However,some samples have pH levels below the standards,although the groundwater generally qualifies as freshwater.The study further explores hydrochemical facies and health risk assessment,highlighting the dominance of Ca–HCO3 water type.Trace element analysis reveals minimal health risks from most elements,with chromium(Cr)as the primary contributor to chronic health risk.Overall,this study has provided a key insights into the Tano River Basin’s hydrogeology and associated health risks.The outcome of this research has contributed to the broader understanding of hydrogeologi-cal dynamics and the importance of managing groundwater resources sustainably in complex geological environments.
文摘The study area is a part of the Arabian Shield rocks of west central part of Saudi Arabia (150 km to the northeast of Jeddah). Geologically, the study area comprises five main geologic units i.e. 1) Layered basic volcanics and related volcaniclastics which are composed mainly from intercalated basalts and andesites and the related volcaniclastic derivatives, 2) Acidic volcanics and related volcaniclastics which are composed from layered and laminated dark and light acidic to intermediate igneous rocks, quartz and chert and marbles, 3) The Tertiary sedimentary succession which of volcaniclastic red beds and the intercalated clays;5) Tertiary volcanics of Harrart, and 4) The Quaternary wadi fill deposits which are composed from friable pebble supported conglomerates, sandstones and clays. Hydrogeologically, the groundwater aquifer of Wadi Qudaid is present mainly in two main horizons i.e. i) unconfined shallow aquifer (13 - 37 m) within the well porous and permeable conglomerates of the Quaternary Wadi deposits, ii) The deep confined aquifer of the bedded tuffaceous sandstones and mudstone of the Tertiary sedimentary succession of Ash Shumaysi Formation. The water samples are analyzed for major elements i.e. Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, SO4, HCO3 and the results show the normal content of these elements. The study related the addition and depletion of many elements during the running trip of the groundwater from the northeast (recharge area) to the southwest (downstream) area.
文摘This paper discusses the designing plan of ORACLE-based Bohai Sea engineering geology database structure from requisition analysis, conceptual structure analysis, logical structure analysis, physical structure analysis and security designing. In the study, we used the object-oriented Unified Modeling Language (UML) to model the conceptual structure of the database and used the powerful function of data management which the object-oriented and relational database ORACLE provides to organize and manage the storage space and improve its security performance. By this means, the database can provide rapid and highly effective performance in data storage, maintenance and query to satisfy the application requisition of the Bohai Sea Oilfield Paradigm Area Information System.
文摘The hydrogeology of the Basin Granitoids in the Sekyere South District of Ashanti Region of Ghana has been evaluated applying the electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) geophysical technique and pumping test analysis. The ERI was conducted to obtain information on resistivity distribution for groundwater accumulation and pumping test was used to obtain transmissivity and sustainable yields of boreholes. Results from the ERI technique show that the general resistivity distribution in the area is between (20 - 4000) Ω-m and the resistivity range that is related to groundwater occurrence is between (50 - 300) Ω-m for the weathered and (100 - 600) Ω-m for the fractured granitic rocks. The aquifers are generally shallow to medium depth and where resistivities of the aquifer zones are less than 400 Ω-m in the fresh granites, high yields are likely to be attained. Pumping test also revealed that transmissivity values range between (5.89 - 43) m2/day, with sustainable yields ranging between 50 - 380 m3/day. These results suggest that boreholes in the area will be sustainable for domestic supplies.
文摘Dikko area, Niger State, North Central Nigeria falls within the Pan-African thermo-tectonic event which occurred in Nigeria as in other parts of West Africa with widespread effect on the mineralization of rejuvenated basement and geosynclinal trough deposits. The Pan-African Belt in Nigeria forms part of the Benin-Nigeria (Dahomeyan) shield which is regarded as the southern prolongation of the circumcratonic Pan-African belt of the West African Craton. Structurally controlled, gold-bearing quartz veins were measured and studied in the area from an extensive geological ground investigation. Field and petrographical studies indicate that the Neoproterozoic rocks constitute gneisses, amphibolite schist, amphibolites and migmatites. The amphibolites are intruded by pegmatites. The associated quartz veins are generally concordant with the main N</span></span><span><span><span>-</span></span></span><span><span><span>S regional structural trend. The lithological and structural studies carried out in these areas have demonstrated the relationship between structures and mineralization and/or lithology. The main characteristics of the gold mineralization in the area appear to indicate hydrothermal mineralization in connection with shear zones. This study allows us to predict that quartz veins in the amphibolite can be mined at a profit and a detailed geochemical and resource valuation needs to be carried out for the Au and associated Galena and Ag mineralization to fully exploit their economic potential.
文摘The study area is located in south of Khorasan-Razavi province. This region is part of central Iran, which is of high significance due to existence of metal and non-metal deposits. Considering the location of the study area, the lithology and metal-mineral indices of Dolat-Abad sheet, it can be said that their metallic deposits are economically feasible. Hence, this region is considered promising for exploration of metallic deposits. In order to achieve this goal, at first, the region’s alterations were detected by using OLI-ASTER images in ENVI software. After processing the lithogeochemical data in SPSS and GIS software, anomaly map of studied elements was obtained. Using geological map, different layers such as lithology, faults and indices were obtained. Eventually, by preparing the layers and incorporating those using the index overlay GIS modeling, promising mineralization areas in the region were identified. Results show that a significant Cu-Au mineralization has occurred in the south western region of the study area.
基金the UGC (New Delhi) for awarding RGNF-Research FellowshipsUGC-Emeritus Fellowship (#201718-Eme ritus-10196-1)。
文摘Magma produced by melting of continental crust and mantle at the Archean-Proterozoic boundary are compositionally variable and chemical compositions provide evidence for the mixing of two sources. Understanding the composition of hybrid magma is essential for determining the comparative infl uence of crust and mantle sources during orogenesis. The hybrid granites are less documented in Indian cratons, especially less in Dharwar Craton. Here we present petrographic and whole-rock geochemical data of Madgulapalli granitic rocks situated in the NE part of the Eastern Dharwar Craton(EDC), to elucidate their petrogenesis and role in crust formation. The Madugulapalli granites(MPG) are composed chiefl y of plagioclase, quartz, and alkali feldspar with associated biotite showing alteration and inter-granular textures. Geochemically, they are metaluminous to peraluminous in nature with calc-alkaline hybrid granite. The hybrid granites exhibit both negative and positive europium anomalies;the lower Rb/Sr, Rb, Sr, and higher Sr/Y,(Dy/Yb)N ratios suggest that the interaction of older rocks with residual garnet source melted at high pressures. We hypothesize that hybrid granites are formed by interaction(e.g., metasomatism, mingling, or mixing) between parental magmas and pre-existing rocks with the infl uence of sanukitoid melts(heat source) in a subduction environment. The genesis of the hybrid granites demonstrates the mixing coupled with diff erentiation in the petrogeny’s residue system in a syn-collision setting followed by continental crust stability in EDC during the Neoarchean period.
基金Open access funding provided by The Science,Technology&Innovation Funding Authority(STDF)in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank(EKB)。
文摘The Safaga Region(SR)is part of the Red Sea mountain range in Egypt.Catastrophic flash flooding is now an inescapable event,wreaking havoc and causing massive loss of life and property.The majority of the floodwater,however,has been wasted as runoff to the Red Sea,which,if used wisely,could meet a fraction of the water demands for a variety of applications in this area.The current work aims to use GIS techniques to integrate remote sensing data for evaluating,mitigating,and managing flash floods in SR.The data set comprised Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM)thematic rainfall data,1:50,000 scale topographical map sheets,geological maps,the ASTER Digital Elevation Model(ASTER GDEM),Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper"(ETM7+),and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager.The flash flood risk model of SR is developed using ArcGIS-10.3 geoprocessing tools integrating all the causal factors thematic maps.The final flood risk model for the SR suggests that 57%of the total basins in the SR are at high risk of flooding.Almost 38%of all basins are at moderate flood risk.The remaining 5%of basins are less prone to flooding.Flood-prone zones were identified,suitable dam-building sites were located,and extremely probable areas for water recharge were recognized.On the basis of reliable scientific data,structural and non-structural mitigation strategies that might reduce the damage susceptibility,alleviate the sensitivity of the flash flood,and best utilize its water supply were recommended.
文摘Western Desert represents a major oil and gas province in Egypt producing more than 50%of the country’s oil production.Oil and gas blend occurs in most producing fields,however,the genetic link between gas and liquid hydrocarbon phases are not well-constrained.Obayied sub-basin in the Western Desert where oil and gas phases coexist in the Middle Jurassic sandstones of the Khatatba Formation provides an ideal place to investigate the link between oil and gas generation.Geochemical analyses on rock samples(Rock–Eval pyrolysis,vitrinite reflectance,R_(o))and gases(molecular and isotopic composition)were conducted in order to identify the genetic characteristics of the hydrocarbon phases produced.Maturity-relevant parameters(Rock–Eval T_(max),vitrinite reflectance R_(o))elucidate that only Middle Jurassic Khatatba organofacies capable of generating wet and dry hydrocarbon gases.Additionally,the enrichment of C_(7)normal alkanes,mono-branched alkanes relative to polybranched components in the Obayied gases reflect their generation via cracking of oil.Basin modelling results confirm gas generation through both primary and secondary cracking.However,secondary cracking of liquid hydrocarbon phases is volumetrically more significant.Primary cracking of the Khatatba organofacies likely predate and catalyze the secondary cracking of the liquid phases and therefore the volume of generated gas increases incrementally eastward where both processes coexist.The present study highlights the significant role of secondary cracking in the generation and accumulation of huge gas accumulations in the basins containing oil-prone source intervals.
文摘Aptian is characterized by widespread deposition of organic-rich sediment.The Aptian bitumen limestone horizon,which is thin decimetre-thick sequences,locally crops out in the Kircaova area,Eastern Black Sea Region(Eastern Pontides).They are well correlated with Aptian bitumen limestone in the other Tethys Reams.They are proposed as episodes of increased organic matter.However,background factors controlling organic matter enrichment are poorly known.In this study,we present new inorganic geochemistry,including trace elements,rare earth elements(REE),redox-sensitive elements(RSE),stable-isotopes(δ~(18)O andδ~(13)C),and total organic carbon(TOC).We integrated new geochemical data with existing stratigraphy,paleontology,and organic chemistry data to provide new insight into the depositional environment and paleoclimate conditions during Aptian.The lacustrine bitumen limestone(LBL)samples have variedδ~(13)C(ave.-1.45‰)andδ~(18)O(ave.-4.50‰).They possess distinct REE patterns,with an average of REE(ave.14.45 ppm)and Y/Ho(ave.35)ratios.In addition,they have variable Nd/YbN(0.28-0.81;ave.0.56)and Ce/Ce*(0.68-0.97;ave.0.86),and relatively high Eu^(*)/Eu(1.23-1.53;ave.1.35).They display seawater signatures with reduced oxygen conditions.The enrichment in RSE(Mo,Cu,Ni,and Zn)and the low Mo/TOC(0.70-3.69;ave.2.41)support a certain degree of water restriction.The high Sr/Ba,Sr/Cu,Ga/Rb,and K/Al records of the LBL facies suggest hot house climatic conditions.The sedimentary environment was probably an isolated basin that is transformed from the marine basin.In addition to depositional conditions,the regional parameters such as the climate,increased run-off period,nutrient levels,alkalinity level,and dominant carbonate producers favored the enrichment in organic matter of LBL facies.Thus,extreme greenhouse palaeoclimate conditions have an important role in organic matter enrichment in the isolated basin.Our results are conformable with the published data from marine,semi-restricted basin,and lacustrine settings in the different parts of the Tethys margin.Thus,this approach provides the first insight into the Aptian greenhouse paleo-climate conditions of the Eastern Black Sea Region,NE Turkey.
文摘Turkey’s Eastern Anatolia Region is the oldest known mineral mining area of Maden and Alacakaya.Chromite production in the Alacakaya field constitutes 50% of the country’s exports,and copper mines in the Maden region account for approximately 12% of the country’s copper production.There is a risk of water pollution due to significant mine waste which affects the Inci and Maden rivers.The water needs of many settlements are met from these streams,which run through these two mine sites.This study investigated the water pollution in the rivers.25 water samples were collected during the dry and rainy periods,and the Al,Cr,Cu,Fe,Li,Mn,Ni,Pb,Sr and Zn contents of these samples were examined in terms of health.Evaluation of element concentrations and creation of spatial distribution maps were performed using ArcGIS software.Spatial distribution maps,correlation and cluster analysis indicate that the source of heavy metals observed in waters is mine fields.The heavy metal content of the samples is higher in the dry period,the high concentration values are obtained from the mine sites,the decrease in the concentrations throughout the flow during the rainy period,are indicators of the effect of the mines on the water pollution.As a result of the comparison from the analysis results of water samples with World Health Organization(WHO),Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)and European Commission(EC)standards,the element values of Al,Cr,Fe,Mn,Ni and Pb exceeded the permissible values for health.The concentrations of these elements for dry period samples are:0-6.411 mg L^(-1),0.006-0.235 mg L^(-1),0-13.433 mg L^(-1),0-0.316 mg L^(-1),0-0.495 mg L^(-1),0-0.065mg L^(-1),and for rainy period samples are 0-1.698mg/L,0-0.2 mg L^(-1),0-9.033 mg L^(-1),0-0.173 mg L^(-1),0-0.373 mg L^(-1),0-0.034 mg L^(-1),respectively.Although the waters in the region are polluted by heavy metals,it has been determined that there is no noncarcinogenic hazard as a result of the calculation of the hazard index(HI<1)by ingestion and dermal contact within the scope of human health risk assessment.This study will be beneficial as it draws attention to the prevention of the negative effects of water pollution,which may cause serious health problems in the future as a result of mining activities in the region.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Ondokuz May?s University with the project number PYO.FEN.1902.21.001。
文摘The Diş Kayalıkları is one of the largest and most striking examples of crests in the world and is located between Eskidere and Boğazören villages of the İmranlı district of the Sivas province in Turkey. The crests, which resemble castle walls when viewed from afar, have a real wall pattern due to the right-angled crack system of the bedrock when viewed closely. This study aims at investigating the geomorphological features of the Diş Kayalıkları and determining how the geological and geomorphological evolution of the Diş Kayalıkları took place and how the current formation mechanism continues. In the region, the mid-latitude continental climate prevails with cold humid winters and warm dry summers. The bedrock consists of Miocene bedded deposits of different resistance, folded by young tectonic movements. Diş Kayalıkları was formed by selective erosion of less resistant terrain around a pack of resistant rock on the steeper southern slope of an asymmetrical anticline. It has a length of 4750 m in the approximately northwest-southeast direction, a maximum height of 30 m, and a width varying between 5 and 8 m. In the present morphological appearance of the Diş Kayalıkları, it can be stated that the structure formed after the tectonic formation process was eroded under the control of the local climate and crest formation was realized. In the following process, the crest experienced a polycyclic process where different landforms were formed. There are smaller landforms such as karren, cave and rock window on Diş Kayalıkları, and macrofossil beds in some places. This highly attractive geomorphosite, unknown to wider public, should be investigated from various scientific aspects and should be brought to regional tourism by making the necessary infrastructure and promotion studies.
基金The Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources under contract No.JG2210the Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction II Program under contract No.GASI-01-EIND-STwinthe National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42176148 and 42176039。
文摘The northern Andaman Sea off Myanmar is one of the relatively high productive regions in the Indian Ocean.The abundance,biomass and species composition of mesozooplankton and their relationships with environmental variables in the epipelagic zone(~200 m)were studied for the first time during the Sino-Myanmar joint cruise(February 2020).The mean abundance and biomass of mesozooplankton were(1916.7±1192.9)ind./m3and(17.8±7.9)mg/m3,respectively.A total of 213 species(taxa)were identified from all samples.The omnivorous Cyclopoida Oncaea venusta and Oithona spp.were the top two dominant taxa.Three mesozooplankton communities were determined via cluster analysis:the open ocean in the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal(Group A),the transition zone across the Preparis Channel(Group B),and nearshore water off the Ayeyarwady Delta and along the Tanintharyi Coast(Group C).Variation partitioning analysis revealed that the interaction of physical and biological factors explained 98.8%of mesozooplankton community spatial variation,and redundancy analysis revealed that column mean chlorophyll a concentration(CMCHLA)was the most important explanatory variable(43.1%).The abundance and biomass were significantly higher in Group C,the same as CMCHLA and column mean temperature(CMT)and in contrast to salinity,and CMT was the dominant factor.Significant taxon spatial variations were controlled by CMCHLA,salinity and temperature.This study suggested that mesozooplankton spatial variation was mainly regulated by physical processes through their effects on CMCHLA.The physical processes were simultaneously affected by heat loss differences,freshwater influx,eddies and depth.
基金The Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction II Project under contract Nos GASI-01-EIND-STwin and GASI-04-WLHY-03the Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources under contract No.JB2106+2 种基金the Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction II Project under contract No.GASI-04-WLHY-01the Leading Talents of Science and Technology Innovation in the Zhejiang Provincial Ten Thousand Talents Program under contract No.2020R52038the Oceanic Sustainability-Based Marine Science and Technology Cooperation in Maritime Silk Road and Island Countries.
文摘Preparis Channel is the very important exchange path of energy and materials between the northern Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea(AS).A set of hydrographic measurements,a microstructure profiler,and a deep mooring were used to determine the characteristics of water masses,turbulent mixing,and flows in the Preparis Channel.The unprecedented short-term mooring data reveal that a deep current in the deep narrow passage(below 400 m)of the Preparis Channel flows toward the Bay of Bengal(BoB)with a mean along-stream velocity of 25.26 cm/s at depth of 540 m;above the deep current,there are a relatively weak current flows toward the AS with a mean along-stream velocity of 15.46 cm/s between 500 m and 520 m,and another weak current flows toward the BoB between 430 m and 500 m.Thus,a sandwiched vertical structure of deep currents(below 400 m)is present in the Preparis Channel.The volume transport below 400 m is 0.06 Sv(1 Sv=106 m^(3)/s)from the AS to the BoB.In the upper layer(shallower than 300 m),the sea water of the AS is relatively warmer and fresher than that in the BoB,indicating a strong exchange through the channel.Microstructure profiler observations reveal that the turbulent diffusivity in the upper layer of the Preparis Channel reaches O(10−4 m^(2)/s),one order larger than that in the interior of the BoB and over the continental slope of the northern AS.We speculate that energetic high-mode internal tides in the Preparis Channel contribute to elevated turbulent mixing.In addition,a local“hotspot”of turbidity is identified at the deep mooring site,at depth of about 100 m,which corresponds to the location of elevated turbulent mixing in the Preparis Channel.
基金Science and Engineering Research Board(SERB)Govt.of India,New Delhi,under File No.SERB-DST-NPDF/2016/001409.
文摘Fusarium dry rot is considered to be the most critical soilborne and postharvest disease that damages potato tubers worldwide when they are stored for a long time.This study was performed to demonstrate the effect of crude extract,culture filtrate,and cell suspension obtained from the bacterium Bacillus subtilis Hussain T-AMU,on the net house and field.From oil-contaminated soil,through the serial dilution method,biosurfactant bacteria were isolated on nutrient agar medium.To isolate and screen the prospective biosurfactant strain,various biosurfactant screening methods were used.Standard protocols were carried out for morphological,molecular,and chemical characterization.The disease incidences were significantly decreased under net house and field conditions after treatment with biosurfactant extract(20%,70%),culture filtrate(23%,49%),and bacterial cell suspension(46%,27%),respectively.These results indicate a significant effect of B.subtilis HussainT-AMU against Fusarium oxysporum.The characterization of the partially purified extract by gas-chromatography indicated the existence of a high amount of methyl ester fatty acids.The quantitative analysis determined the presence of lipopeptide-surfactin,fengycin,and iturin in the biosurfactant extract.Scanning electron microscopy revealed that morphological variation was revealed in the structure of stomata size in leaves and in the mycelia of the pathogen that was investigated.This promising biocontrol agent can be a plausible option for further research and can also be used for the production of green biomolecules at an additional industrial level.
基金supported by Researchers Supporting Project number(RSP2023R455),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia。
文摘Herein,iron oxide/hydroxides deposits(gossans)were utilized,for the first time,in the fabrication of magnetite nanoparticles(MNPs)to load modified coal(MC).The as-synthesized MNPs@MC composite was characterized via different techniques and utilized for the Cr(Ⅵ)remediation.Experimental studies supported by theoretical treatment were applied to offer a new overview of the Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption geometry and mechanism at 25-45℃.Experimental results suggested that the Cr(Ⅵ)uptake was mainly governed by adsorption-reduction coupled mechanism.The Langmuir model fitted well the Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption data with maximum adsorption capacities extended from 115.24 to 129.63 mg·g^(-1).Theoretical calculations indicated that Cr(Ⅵ)ions were adsorbed on the MNPs@MC following the theory of the advanced monolayer statistical model.The number of ions removed per site ranged from 1.88 to1.23 suggesting the involvement of vertical geometry and multi-ionic mechanism at all temperatures.The increment of the active sites density and the adsorption capacity at saturation with improving temperature reflected an endothermic process.Energetically,the Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption was controlled by physical forces as the adsorption energies were less than 40 kJ·mol^(-1).The calculated free enthalpy,entropy.and internal energy explained the spontaneous nature and the viability of Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption on the MNPs@MC adsorbent.These results offer a new approach in utilizing the iron-rich deposits as gossans in the preparation of magnetic and low-cost adsorbents for wastewater remediation.
文摘Located south of the West Bank, Wadi Al-Samen is considered one of the most important sources of groundwater recharge for the eastern aquifer in Hebron. It is polluted by sewage originating from domestic and industrial consumption in the Hebron area. Water quality assessment is an important criterion for achieving sustainable development. To evaluate water quality, twenty samples were collected from groundwater sources for two seasons and were analyzed for Physical properties (Total dissolved solids (TDS), Electrical conductivity (EC), potential hydrogen (pH), Temperature (T)), Four major cations (Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup>), and the Major anions (HCO<sup>-</sup>3</sub>, Cl<sup>-</sup>, and SO<sup>2-</sup>4</sub>);geochemical methods such as Piper scheme were used for the sample result analysis. To characterize wastewater components, six samples were collected from the Wadi discharge for two seasons and were analyzed (potential hydrogen (pH), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD<sub>5</sub>), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The results of nitrate levels showed that 20% of the ground water samples exceeded the standard limit of the World Health Organization (WHO). The quality of drinking water was assessed using the Water Quality Index (WQI), which suggests that 10% of samples are classified from poor to very poor. The abundance of cations from highest to lowest was found to be: Ca;Mg;Na, and for the anions it is HCO<sub>3</sub>;Cl;SO<sub>4</sub>. The dominant hydrochemical facies of 35% of collected aquifer samples reveal that Ca-Mg-Na-Cl-HCO<sub>3</sub> are in the domain. Evaluation of irrigation suitability was performed using parameters of Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), electric conductivity (EC), and Salinity. The results in both rounds for EC showed that all water sources are suitable for irrigation according to Todd’s classification. SAR was not suitable in three water resources samples. Wilcox analysis for the two seasons revealed that 85% of samples are not appropriate for irrigation uses.
文摘Water is the most essential natural resource for the future development.Agriculture production is extensively water-dependent and a significant polluter of water resources.So,this work investigated the effect of two different preparation media[Bold’s Basal Medium(BBM)and Domiati cheese whey(DCW)]for agricultural drainage water(ADW)remediation.All treatments were incubated for 6 days.According to the results of biomass productivity,specific growth rate,photosynthetic pigments,and biochemical composition,Desmodesmus sp.can grow in drainage water without dilution.The two treatments significantly reduced the concentration of nitrate,phosphate,chemical oxygen demand,and sodium in ADW.Finally,using cheese whey with BBM as inoculum preparation media enhanced the lipid accumulation in the algal biomass(25.4%w/w)and gave the best biodiesel properties among treatments.Therefore,combining remediation of drainage water with microalgae mass production can achieve the sustainability of agriculture.
文摘根据龙门山前陆盆地西缘沉降中心、冲积扇侧向迁移、活动构造地貌和古地磁等标志及龙门山在中生代以来的走滑作用和走滑方向的标定研究,结果表明:龙门山断裂带具有走滑性质,走滑方向曾发生过反转,在反转之前以左行走滑作用为特征,在反转之后以右行走滑作用为特征。根据地层记录和古地磁证据,认为龙门山走滑方向反转的时间应介于43 M a^3.6 M a之间,即由中生代至早新生代时期的左行走滑作用反转为晚新生代时期的右行走滑作用。然对龙门山断裂带走滑方向反转的成因初步分析认为晚新生代龙门山右行走滑作用是印-亚碰撞后构造作用的产物,晚三叠世至早新生代左行走滑作用是青藏高原自晚三叠世以来大陆碰撞作用导致松潘-甘孜褶皱带北东-南西向缩短的产物。
