Objective:To examine the inhibitory effect of Hydrangea serrata extract against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and its underlying mechanisms.Methods:The effects of Hydrangea serrata extract on growth inhibition ...Objective:To examine the inhibitory effect of Hydrangea serrata extract against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and its underlying mechanisms.Methods:The effects of Hydrangea serrata extract on growth inhibition of tumor cells and spheroids were assessed using MTT and 3D culture assays.Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analyses were employed to investigate the changes in mRNA and protein expression levels of molecules related to cell cycle and apoptosis.Results:Hydrangea serrata extract effectively inhibited the growth of both tumor cells and spheroids.The extract also significantly upregulated p27 mRNA expression and downregulated CDK2 mRNA expression,leading to cell cycle arrest.Moreover,increased BAX/Bcl-2 ratio as well as caspase-9 and-3 were observed after treatment with Hydrangea serrata extract,indicating the induction of tumor cell apoptosis.Conclusions:Hydrangea serrata extract has the potential to alleviate tumors by effectively modulating cell-cycle-related gene expressions and inducing apoptosis,thereby inhibiting tumor growth.展开更多
Chitosan was modified by conjugating coupling with linolenic acid through the l-ethyl-3-( 3-dimethylami-nopropyyl) carbodiimmide (EDC)-mediated reaction. The degree of substitution 1.8% (i.e. 1.8 linolenic acid group ...Chitosan was modified by conjugating coupling with linolenic acid through the l-ethyl-3-( 3-dimethylami-nopropyyl) carbodiimmide (EDC)-mediated reaction. The degree of substitution 1.8% (i.e. 1.8 linolenic acid group per 100anhydroglucose units) was measured by 1H NMR. The critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of the self-aggregate of hy-drophobically modified chitosan was determined by measuring the fluorescence intensity of the pyrene as a fluorescent probe.The CAC value in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution (pH7.4) was 5 × 10-2 mg mL-1. The average particle size of self-aggregates of hydrophobically modified chitosan in PBS solution (pH7.4) was 210.8 nm with a unimodal size distributionranging from 100 to 500 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study showed that the formation of near sphericalshape nanoparticles has enough structural integrity. The loading ability of hydrophibically modified chitosan (LA-chitosan)was investigated by using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the model. The loading capacity of self-aggregated nanoparticlesincreases (19.85% ±0.04% to 37.57% ±0.25%) with the concentration of BSA (0.1-0.5mgmL-1).展开更多
Non-specific lipid transfer proteins(nsLTPs) are small, basic proteins that are characterized by an eight-cysteine motif. The biological functions of these proteins have been reported to involve plant reproduction and...Non-specific lipid transfer proteins(nsLTPs) are small, basic proteins that are characterized by an eight-cysteine motif. The biological functions of these proteins have been reported to involve plant reproduction and biotic or abiotic stress response. With the completion of the barley genome sequence, a genome-wide analysis of nsLTPs in barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)(HvLTPs) will be helpful for understanding the function of nsLTPs in plants. We performed a genome-wide analysis of the nsLTP gene family in barley and identified 70 nsLTP genes,which can be divided into five types(1, 2, C, D, and G). Each type of nsLTPs shares similar exon and intron gene structures. Expression analysis showed that barley nsLTPs have diverse expression patterns, revealing their various roles. Our results shed light on the phylogenetic relationships and potential functions of barley nsLTPs and will be useful for future studies of barley development and molecular breeding.展开更多
Yarsagumba(Ophiocordyceps sinensis), an endemic species to the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, is one of the most valuable medicinal mushrooms in the world. In Nepal, it is distributed largely in isolated patches of al...Yarsagumba(Ophiocordyceps sinensis), an endemic species to the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, is one of the most valuable medicinal mushrooms in the world. In Nepal, it is distributed largely in isolated patches of alpine grasslands of 3,000-5,000 m elevation. Although it is reported from 27 northernmost districts of Nepal, the local distribution pattern of this species is largely unknown.Furthermore, the collection system and local management regime of this species are not well documented. We conducted a field survey at Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve(DHR) among the different stakeholders in January-June 2012 to assess collection sites, patterns and trends and to understand the management regime. We estimated that about 75 kg of Yarsagumba is collected every year from DHR and the amount has been declining since 2008. To manage the resource, locals have initiated regulating the collection by issuing permits, taxing to the collectors, and monitoring the activities of harvesters with the help of park authorities. The revenue generated at local level from the permits has been used for community developmental activities.展开更多
Somatic embryogenesis is an asexual reproduction process that occurs in many plant species,including rice.This process contains several totipotency markers such as Somatic Embryogenesis Receptor-like Kinase(SERK),Leaf...Somatic embryogenesis is an asexual reproduction process that occurs in many plant species,including rice.This process contains several totipotency markers such as Somatic Embryogenesis Receptor-like Kinase(SERK),Leafy Cotyledon1(LEC1)and WUSCHEL-Related Homeobox4(WOX4)and also a helpful model for embryo development and clones and transformations.Here,we report the gene expression during somatic embryo development correlates with regeneration frequency in 14 Javanica rice(pigmented and non-pigmented)using modified N6 media supplemented with Kinetin(2.0 mg/L)and NAA(1.0 mg/L).Although there have been advances in understanding the genetic basis of somatic embryogenesis in other varieties,rice is still unexplored,especially during somatic embryo development.Moreover,for the formation of callus induction from immature embryos,2,4-D(2.0 mg/L,3.0 mg/L)was used.This study analysed the gene expression of OsSERK,OsWOX4 and OsLEC1 genes through RT-PCR analysis.Higher expression of the OsLEC1 gene indicates that their function may correlate in the in vitro with the high response of rice after transfer to regeneration media.This study found that rice varieties of pigmented rice(MS Pendek and Gogoniti II)and non-pigmented rice(Pandan Ungu)showed high regeneration frequency,showing higher OsLEC1 expression than other varieties because OsLEC1 promotes the maturation of somatic embryos in plant regeneration on day 14.However,the contrast with Genjah nganjuk may be effective because of other regulatory genes.RT-PCR analysis showed OsSERK had less expression level than OsLEC1 and OsWOX4 in the varieties,which correlate with the percentage of plant regeneration,but not for Gogoniti II.In conclusion,the higher percentage of plant regeneration correlates with the higher expression level of OsLEC1 at day 14 of media regeneration of rice.展开更多
BACKGROUND Isolated capitate fractures are rare carpal fractures.Following high-energy injuries,capitate fractures are usually associated with other carpal fractures or ligament injuries.The management of capitate fra...BACKGROUND Isolated capitate fractures are rare carpal fractures.Following high-energy injuries,capitate fractures are usually associated with other carpal fractures or ligament injuries.The management of capitate fractures depends on the fracture pattern.Here,we report an unusual capitate fracture with a dorsal shearing pattern and concomitant carpometacarpal dislocation,with a 6-year follow-up.To the best of our knowledge,this fracture pattern and surgical management have not been previously reported.CASE SUMMARY A 28-year-old man presented with left-hand volar tenderness and decreased grip strength that persisted for one month after a traffic accident.Radiography showed a distal capitate fracture with carpometacarpal joint incongruence.Computed tomography(CT)revealed a distal capitate fracture with carpometacarpal joint dislocation.The distal fragment was rotated by 90°in the sagittal plane,and an oblique shearing fracture pattern was noted.Open reduction and internal fixation(ORIF)with a locking plate were performed using the dorsal approach.The imaging studies performed 3 mo and 6 years following surgery revealed a healed fracture,and the Disabilities of the Arm,Shoulder,and Hand and visual analog scale scores were significantly improved.CONCLUSION CT can detect capitate fractures with dorsal shearing pattern and concomitant carpometacarpal dislocation.ORIF using a locking plate are possible.展开更多
Chitosan andβ-cyclodextrin were used to prepare microspheres with theophylline for pulmonary delivery by spray drying method.The characteristics,mucociliotoxicity,permeation rate and drug release were studied.The dru...Chitosan andβ-cyclodextrin were used to prepare microspheres with theophylline for pulmonary delivery by spray drying method.The characteristics,mucociliotoxicity,permeation rate and drug release were studied.The drug entrapments of microspheresⅠ,ⅡandⅢ were from 35.70%to 21.09% and 13.33%,while yields and encapsulation efficiencies were higher than 45% and about 90% respectively. The microspheres possessed low tap densities(0.34-0.48 g/cm3),appropriate diameters(3.35-3.94μm)and theoretical aerodynamics diameters(2.20-3.04μm).SEM images showed the microspheres were spherical with smooth or wrinkled surface surfaces.FT-IR demonstrated theophylline had formed hydrogen bonds with chitosan and β-cyclodextrin.The microspheres could effectively reduce the ciliotoxicity and easy to penetrate the memberine.The in vitro release of the microspheres was related to the ratio of drug/polymer and microspheresⅡ had a prolong release,providing the release of 72.00%in 12 h.The results suggestes that chitosan/β-cyclodextrin microspheresⅡare a promising carrier as sustained release for pulmonary delivery.展开更多
Artificial night lighting is gaining attention as a new type of pollution;however, studies of its impacts are scarce. Fireflies provide good models to investigate its effects on nocturnal wildlife, since they depend o...Artificial night lighting is gaining attention as a new type of pollution;however, studies of its impacts are scarce. Fireflies provide good models to investigate its effects on nocturnal wildlife, since they depend on their bioluminescence for reproduction. This study investigated the impact of artificial illumination on firefly activity at the new campus of the Federal University of São Carlos (Sorocaba, Brazil). The flashing activity of different firefly species, especially Photinus sp1 (82% of all occurrences), was investigated during 3 years, before and after the installation of multi metal vapor spotlights. Quantitative and qualitative analysis, performed in transects at different distances from the artificial light sources, showed significant negative effects on Photinus sp1 occurrence. This study proposes fireflies as potential flagship species and bioindicators for artificial night lighting and for the first time quantifies its effects, providing subsidies for future conservationist legislations regarding photopollution.展开更多
Lignin is an important factor affecting agricultural traits,biofuel production,and the pulping industry.Most lignin biosynthesis genes and their regulatory genes are expressed mainly in the vascular bundles of stems a...Lignin is an important factor affecting agricultural traits,biofuel production,and the pulping industry.Most lignin biosynthesis genes and their regulatory genes are expressed mainly in the vascular bundles of stems and leaves,preferentially in tissues undergoing lignification.Other genes are poorly expressed during normal stages of development,but are strongly induced by abiotic or biotic stresses.Some are expressed in non-lignifying tissues such as the shoot apical meristem.Alterations in lignin levels affect plant development.Suppression of lignin biosynthesis genes causes abnormal phenotypes such as collapsed xylem,bending stems,and growth retardation.The loss of expression by genes that function early in the lignin biosynthesis pathway results in more severe developmental phenotypes when compared with plants that have mutations in later genes.Defective lignin deposition is also associated with phenotypes of seed shattering or brittle culm.MYB and NAC transcriptional factors function as switches,and some homeobox proteins negatively control lignin biosynthesis genes.Ectopic deposition caused by overexpression of lignin biosynthesis genes or master switch genes induces curly leaf formation and dwarfism.展开更多
Dear Editor, During CO2 assimilation,the reductive pentose phosphate cycle generates triose phosphates (triose-P) at the expense of ATP and NADPH generated by photosynthetic light reactions.Triose-P is retained within...Dear Editor, During CO2 assimilation,the reductive pentose phosphate cycle generates triose phosphates (triose-P) at the expense of ATP and NADPH generated by photosynthetic light reactions.Triose-P is retained within chloroplasts to either regenerate the CO2 acceptor ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate or to feed into transitory starch synthesis.Alternatively,triose-P can be exported into the cytosol to produce sucrose.To maintain optimum rates of photosynthesis,the rate of triose-P export from the chloroplast stroma to the cytosol is necessarily adjusted to the demands for photoassimilate export.The triose-P/phosphate (Pi) transiocator (TPT) mediates the export of stromal triose-P into the cytosol in a counter exchange for cytosolic Pi.The rate of triose-P export is primarily regulated by the availability of Pi liberated by cytosolic sucrose synthesis.When sucrose synthesis slows down during the day,the restriction in Pi availability reduces TPT transport activity and redirects assimilated carbon into transitory starch synthesis in the chloroplast (B(o)rnke and Sonnewald,2011).展开更多
We characterized the function of the rice cytosolic hexokinase Os HXK7(Oryza sativa Hexokinase7),which is highly upregulated when seeds germinate under O_2-deficient conditions. According to transient expression assay...We characterized the function of the rice cytosolic hexokinase Os HXK7(Oryza sativa Hexokinase7),which is highly upregulated when seeds germinate under O_2-deficient conditions. According to transient expression assays that used the promoter:luciferase fusion construct,Os HXK7 enhanced the glucose(Glc)-dependent repression of a rice a-amylase gene(RAmy3D) in the mesophyll protoplasts of maize,but its catalytically inactive mutant alleles did not. Consistently,the expression of Os HXK7,but not its catalytically inactive alleles,complemented the Arabidopsis glucose insensitive2-1(gin2-1) mutant,thereby resulting in the wild type characteristics of Glc-dependent repression,seedling development,and plant growth. Interestingly,Os HXK7-mediated Glc-dependent repression was abolished in the O_2-deficient mesophyll protoplasts of maize. This result provides compelling evidence that Os HXK7 functions in sugar signaling via a glycolysis-dependent manner under normal conditions,but its signaling role is suppressed when O_2 is deficient. The germination of two null Os HXK7 mutants,oshxk7-1 and oshxk7-2,was affected by O_2 deficiency,but overexpression enhanced germination in rice. This result suggests the distinct role that OsH XK7 plays in sugar metabolism and efficient germination by enforcing glycolysis-mediated fermentation in O_2-deficient rice.展开更多
Transposons are effective mutagens alternative to T-DNA for the generation of insertional mutants in many plant species including those whose transformation is inefficient. The current strategies of transposon tagging...Transposons are effective mutagens alternative to T-DNA for the generation of insertional mutants in many plant species including those whose transformation is inefficient. The current strategies of transposon tagging are usually slow and labor-intensive and yield low frequency of tagged lines. We have constructed a series of transposon tagging vectors based on three approaches:(i) AcTPase controlled by glucocorticoid binding domain/VP16 acidic activation domain/Gal4 DNA-binding domain (GVG) chemical-inducible expression system; (ii) deletion of AcTPase via Cre-lox site-specific recombination that was initially triggered by Ds excision; and (iii) suppression of early transposition events in transformed rice callus through a dual-functional hygromycin resistance gene in a novel Ds element (HPT-Ds). We tested these vectors in transgenic rice and characterized the transposition events. Our results showed that these vectors are useful resources for functional genomics of rice and other crop plants. The vectors are freely available for the community.展开更多
In this study,different molecular weight(MW)carboxymethyl chitosans(CM-chitosan)nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelification.The particle size of nanoparticles was around 180–250 nm by dynamic light scattering(D...In this study,different molecular weight(MW)carboxymethyl chitosans(CM-chitosan)nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelification.The particle size of nanoparticles was around 180–250 nm by dynamic light scattering(DLS)and transmission electron microscope(TEM).With the increase of CM-chitosan nanoparticles concentration from 2 to 200μg/mL,the growth inhibition effects on the keloid fibroblast increased.At the concentration of 100μg/mL,CM-chitosan nanoparticles withMW6.3 kDa had a significant inhibitory effect(inhibition ratio 48.79%)of the proliferation of keloid fibroblast.Compared with CM-chitosan solution,the inhibition of CM-chitosan nanoparticles were lower in prior period and similar in later period.By analyzing the different effects of chitosan,CM-chitosan solution and CM-chitosan nanoparticles on proliferation of keloid fibroblast,we have found that the carboxylmethyl groups of CM-chitosan play an important role in inhibition of proliferation of keloid fibroblast.展开更多
Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NLR)proteins play critical roles in plant immunity.However,how NLRs are regulated and activate defense signaling is not fully understood.The rice(Oryza sativa)NLR receptor Piz-t ...Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NLR)proteins play critical roles in plant immunity.However,how NLRs are regulated and activate defense signaling is not fully understood.The rice(Oryza sativa)NLR receptor Piz-t confers broad-spectrum resistance to the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae and the RING-type E3 ligase AVRPIZ-T INTERACTING PROTEIN 10(APIP10)negatively regulates Piz-t accumulation.In this study,we found that APIP10 interacts with two rice transcription factors,VASCULAR PLANT ONEZINC FINGER 1(OsVOZ1)and OsVOZ2,and promotes their degradation through the 26S proteasome pathway.OsVOZ1 displays transcriptional repression activity while OsVOZ2 confers transcriptional activation activity in planta.The osvoz1 and osvoz2 single mutants display modest but opposite M.oryzae resistance in the non-Piz-t background.However,the osvoz1 osvoz2 double mutant exhibits strong dwarfism and cell death,and silencing of both genes via RNA interference also leads to dwarfism,mild cell death,and enhanced resistance to M.oryzae in the non-Piz-t background.Both OsVOZ1 and OsVOZ2 interact with Piz-t.Double silencing of OsVOZ1 and OsVOZ2 in the Piz-t background decreases Piz-t protein accumulation and transcription,reactive oxygen species-dependent cell death,and resistance to M.oryzae containing AvrPiz-t.Taken together,these results indicate that OsVOZ1 and OsVOZ2 negatively regulate basal defense but contribute positively to Piz-t-mediated immunity.展开更多
Rice(Oryza sativa) is one of the most important staple food crops for more than half of the world's population.The demand is increasing for food security because of population growth and environmental challenges t...Rice(Oryza sativa) is one of the most important staple food crops for more than half of the world's population.The demand is increasing for food security because of population growth and environmental challenges triggered by climate changes.This scenario has led to more interest in developing crops with greater productivity and sustainability.The process of genetic transformation,a major tool for crop improvement,utilizes promoters as one of its key elements.Those promoters are generally divided into three types:constitutive,spatiotemporal,and condition-dependent.Transcriptional control of a constitutive promoter often leads to reduced plant growth,due to a negative effect of accumulated molecules during cellular functions or energy consumption.To maximize the effect of a transgene on transgenic plants,it is better to use condition-dependent or tissuespecific promoters.However,until now,those types have not been as widely applied in crop biotechnology.In this review,we introduce and discuss four groups of tissue-specific promoters(50 promoters in total) and six groups of condition-dependent promoters(27 promoters).These promoters can be utilized to fine-tune desirable agronomic traits and develop crops with tolerance to various stresses,enhanced nutritional value,and advanced productivity.展开更多
基金funded by the GRRC Program of Gyeonggi province[GRRC-KyungHee2023(B01)],Republic of Korea.
文摘Objective:To examine the inhibitory effect of Hydrangea serrata extract against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and its underlying mechanisms.Methods:The effects of Hydrangea serrata extract on growth inhibition of tumor cells and spheroids were assessed using MTT and 3D culture assays.Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analyses were employed to investigate the changes in mRNA and protein expression levels of molecules related to cell cycle and apoptosis.Results:Hydrangea serrata extract effectively inhibited the growth of both tumor cells and spheroids.The extract also significantly upregulated p27 mRNA expression and downregulated CDK2 mRNA expression,leading to cell cycle arrest.Moreover,increased BAX/Bcl-2 ratio as well as caspase-9 and-3 were observed after treatment with Hydrangea serrata extract,indicating the induction of tumor cell apoptosis.Conclusions:Hydrangea serrata extract has the potential to alleviate tumors by effectively modulating cell-cycle-related gene expressions and inducing apoptosis,thereby inhibiting tumor growth.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(30370344)Korea Science and Engineering Foundation(19992-220-009-4)supported this study
文摘Chitosan was modified by conjugating coupling with linolenic acid through the l-ethyl-3-( 3-dimethylami-nopropyyl) carbodiimmide (EDC)-mediated reaction. The degree of substitution 1.8% (i.e. 1.8 linolenic acid group per 100anhydroglucose units) was measured by 1H NMR. The critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of the self-aggregate of hy-drophobically modified chitosan was determined by measuring the fluorescence intensity of the pyrene as a fluorescent probe.The CAC value in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution (pH7.4) was 5 × 10-2 mg mL-1. The average particle size of self-aggregates of hydrophobically modified chitosan in PBS solution (pH7.4) was 210.8 nm with a unimodal size distributionranging from 100 to 500 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study showed that the formation of near sphericalshape nanoparticles has enough structural integrity. The loading ability of hydrophibically modified chitosan (LA-chitosan)was investigated by using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the model. The loading capacity of self-aggregated nanoparticlesincreases (19.85% ±0.04% to 37.57% ±0.25%) with the concentration of BSA (0.1-0.5mgmL-1).
基金supported by funds from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0100903)
文摘Non-specific lipid transfer proteins(nsLTPs) are small, basic proteins that are characterized by an eight-cysteine motif. The biological functions of these proteins have been reported to involve plant reproduction and biotic or abiotic stress response. With the completion of the barley genome sequence, a genome-wide analysis of nsLTPs in barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)(HvLTPs) will be helpful for understanding the function of nsLTPs in plants. We performed a genome-wide analysis of the nsLTP gene family in barley and identified 70 nsLTP genes,which can be divided into five types(1, 2, C, D, and G). Each type of nsLTPs shares similar exon and intron gene structures. Expression analysis showed that barley nsLTPs have diverse expression patterns, revealing their various roles. Our results shed light on the phylogenetic relationships and potential functions of barley nsLTPs and will be useful for future studies of barley development and molecular breeding.
基金the Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Office and Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Nepal for the financial and logistic support to conduct this study
文摘Yarsagumba(Ophiocordyceps sinensis), an endemic species to the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, is one of the most valuable medicinal mushrooms in the world. In Nepal, it is distributed largely in isolated patches of alpine grasslands of 3,000-5,000 m elevation. Although it is reported from 27 northernmost districts of Nepal, the local distribution pattern of this species is largely unknown.Furthermore, the collection system and local management regime of this species are not well documented. We conducted a field survey at Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve(DHR) among the different stakeholders in January-June 2012 to assess collection sites, patterns and trends and to understand the management regime. We estimated that about 75 kg of Yarsagumba is collected every year from DHR and the amount has been declining since 2008. To manage the resource, locals have initiated regulating the collection by issuing permits, taxing to the collectors, and monitoring the activities of harvesters with the help of park authorities. The revenue generated at local level from the permits has been used for community developmental activities.
文摘Somatic embryogenesis is an asexual reproduction process that occurs in many plant species,including rice.This process contains several totipotency markers such as Somatic Embryogenesis Receptor-like Kinase(SERK),Leafy Cotyledon1(LEC1)and WUSCHEL-Related Homeobox4(WOX4)and also a helpful model for embryo development and clones and transformations.Here,we report the gene expression during somatic embryo development correlates with regeneration frequency in 14 Javanica rice(pigmented and non-pigmented)using modified N6 media supplemented with Kinetin(2.0 mg/L)and NAA(1.0 mg/L).Although there have been advances in understanding the genetic basis of somatic embryogenesis in other varieties,rice is still unexplored,especially during somatic embryo development.Moreover,for the formation of callus induction from immature embryos,2,4-D(2.0 mg/L,3.0 mg/L)was used.This study analysed the gene expression of OsSERK,OsWOX4 and OsLEC1 genes through RT-PCR analysis.Higher expression of the OsLEC1 gene indicates that their function may correlate in the in vitro with the high response of rice after transfer to regeneration media.This study found that rice varieties of pigmented rice(MS Pendek and Gogoniti II)and non-pigmented rice(Pandan Ungu)showed high regeneration frequency,showing higher OsLEC1 expression than other varieties because OsLEC1 promotes the maturation of somatic embryos in plant regeneration on day 14.However,the contrast with Genjah nganjuk may be effective because of other regulatory genes.RT-PCR analysis showed OsSERK had less expression level than OsLEC1 and OsWOX4 in the varieties,which correlate with the percentage of plant regeneration,but not for Gogoniti II.In conclusion,the higher percentage of plant regeneration correlates with the higher expression level of OsLEC1 at day 14 of media regeneration of rice.
文摘BACKGROUND Isolated capitate fractures are rare carpal fractures.Following high-energy injuries,capitate fractures are usually associated with other carpal fractures or ligament injuries.The management of capitate fractures depends on the fracture pattern.Here,we report an unusual capitate fracture with a dorsal shearing pattern and concomitant carpometacarpal dislocation,with a 6-year follow-up.To the best of our knowledge,this fracture pattern and surgical management have not been previously reported.CASE SUMMARY A 28-year-old man presented with left-hand volar tenderness and decreased grip strength that persisted for one month after a traffic accident.Radiography showed a distal capitate fracture with carpometacarpal joint incongruence.Computed tomography(CT)revealed a distal capitate fracture with carpometacarpal joint dislocation.The distal fragment was rotated by 90°in the sagittal plane,and an oblique shearing fracture pattern was noted.Open reduction and internal fixation(ORIF)with a locking plate were performed using the dorsal approach.The imaging studies performed 3 mo and 6 years following surgery revealed a healed fracture,and the Disabilities of the Arm,Shoulder,and Hand and visual analog scale scores were significantly improved.CONCLUSION CT can detect capitate fractures with dorsal shearing pattern and concomitant carpometacarpal dislocation.ORIF using a locking plate are possible.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30670566)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province
文摘Chitosan andβ-cyclodextrin were used to prepare microspheres with theophylline for pulmonary delivery by spray drying method.The characteristics,mucociliotoxicity,permeation rate and drug release were studied.The drug entrapments of microspheresⅠ,ⅡandⅢ were from 35.70%to 21.09% and 13.33%,while yields and encapsulation efficiencies were higher than 45% and about 90% respectively. The microspheres possessed low tap densities(0.34-0.48 g/cm3),appropriate diameters(3.35-3.94μm)and theoretical aerodynamics diameters(2.20-3.04μm).SEM images showed the microspheres were spherical with smooth or wrinkled surface surfaces.FT-IR demonstrated theophylline had formed hydrogen bonds with chitosan and β-cyclodextrin.The microspheres could effectively reduce the ciliotoxicity and easy to penetrate the memberine.The in vitro release of the microspheres was related to the ratio of drug/polymer and microspheresⅡ had a prolong release,providing the release of 72.00%in 12 h.The results suggestes that chitosan/β-cyclodextrin microspheresⅡare a promising carrier as sustained release for pulmonary delivery.
文摘Artificial night lighting is gaining attention as a new type of pollution;however, studies of its impacts are scarce. Fireflies provide good models to investigate its effects on nocturnal wildlife, since they depend on their bioluminescence for reproduction. This study investigated the impact of artificial illumination on firefly activity at the new campus of the Federal University of São Carlos (Sorocaba, Brazil). The flashing activity of different firefly species, especially Photinus sp1 (82% of all occurrences), was investigated during 3 years, before and after the installation of multi metal vapor spotlights. Quantitative and qualitative analysis, performed in transects at different distances from the artificial light sources, showed significant negative effects on Photinus sp1 occurrence. This study proposes fireflies as potential flagship species and bioindicators for artificial night lighting and for the first time quantifies its effects, providing subsidies for future conservationist legislations regarding photopollution.
基金supported,in part,by grants from the Basic Research Promotion Fund,Republic of Korea(NFR2007-0093862)the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program for Agriculture and Technology Development(No.PJ01108001)+1 种基金the Rural Development Administration,Republic of KoreaKyung Hee University(20130214)
文摘Lignin is an important factor affecting agricultural traits,biofuel production,and the pulping industry.Most lignin biosynthesis genes and their regulatory genes are expressed mainly in the vascular bundles of stems and leaves,preferentially in tissues undergoing lignification.Other genes are poorly expressed during normal stages of development,but are strongly induced by abiotic or biotic stresses.Some are expressed in non-lignifying tissues such as the shoot apical meristem.Alterations in lignin levels affect plant development.Suppression of lignin biosynthesis genes causes abnormal phenotypes such as collapsed xylem,bending stems,and growth retardation.The loss of expression by genes that function early in the lignin biosynthesis pathway results in more severe developmental phenotypes when compared with plants that have mutations in later genes.Defective lignin deposition is also associated with phenotypes of seed shattering or brittle culm.MYB and NAC transcriptional factors function as switches,and some homeobox proteins negatively control lignin biosynthesis genes.Ectopic deposition caused by overexpression of lignin biosynthesis genes or master switch genes induces curly leaf formation and dwarfism.
文摘Dear Editor, During CO2 assimilation,the reductive pentose phosphate cycle generates triose phosphates (triose-P) at the expense of ATP and NADPH generated by photosynthetic light reactions.Triose-P is retained within chloroplasts to either regenerate the CO2 acceptor ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate or to feed into transitory starch synthesis.Alternatively,triose-P can be exported into the cytosol to produce sucrose.To maintain optimum rates of photosynthesis,the rate of triose-P export from the chloroplast stroma to the cytosol is necessarily adjusted to the demands for photoassimilate export.The triose-P/phosphate (Pi) transiocator (TPT) mediates the export of stromal triose-P into the cytosol in a counter exchange for cytosolic Pi.The rate of triose-P export is primarily regulated by the availability of Pi liberated by cytosolic sucrose synthesis.When sucrose synthesis slows down during the day,the restriction in Pi availability reduces TPT transport activity and redirects assimilated carbon into transitory starch synthesis in the chloroplast (B(o)rnke and Sonnewald,2011).
基金supported by grants from the Next Generation Bio Green 21 program,Rural Development Administration(PJ0110182015)the Mid-Career Researcher Program of the National Research Foundation(NRF-2013R1A2A2A01068887)
文摘We characterized the function of the rice cytosolic hexokinase Os HXK7(Oryza sativa Hexokinase7),which is highly upregulated when seeds germinate under O_2-deficient conditions. According to transient expression assays that used the promoter:luciferase fusion construct,Os HXK7 enhanced the glucose(Glc)-dependent repression of a rice a-amylase gene(RAmy3D) in the mesophyll protoplasts of maize,but its catalytically inactive mutant alleles did not. Consistently,the expression of Os HXK7,but not its catalytically inactive alleles,complemented the Arabidopsis glucose insensitive2-1(gin2-1) mutant,thereby resulting in the wild type characteristics of Glc-dependent repression,seedling development,and plant growth. Interestingly,Os HXK7-mediated Glc-dependent repression was abolished in the O_2-deficient mesophyll protoplasts of maize. This result provides compelling evidence that Os HXK7 functions in sugar signaling via a glycolysis-dependent manner under normal conditions,but its signaling role is suppressed when O_2 is deficient. The germination of two null Os HXK7 mutants,oshxk7-1 and oshxk7-2,was affected by O_2 deficiency,but overexpression enhanced germination in rice. This result suggests the distinct role that OsH XK7 plays in sugar metabolism and efficient germination by enforcing glycolysis-mediated fermentation in O_2-deficient rice.
文摘Transposons are effective mutagens alternative to T-DNA for the generation of insertional mutants in many plant species including those whose transformation is inefficient. The current strategies of transposon tagging are usually slow and labor-intensive and yield low frequency of tagged lines. We have constructed a series of transposon tagging vectors based on three approaches:(i) AcTPase controlled by glucocorticoid binding domain/VP16 acidic activation domain/Gal4 DNA-binding domain (GVG) chemical-inducible expression system; (ii) deletion of AcTPase via Cre-lox site-specific recombination that was initially triggered by Ds excision; and (iii) suppression of early transposition events in transformed rice callus through a dual-functional hygromycin resistance gene in a novel Ds element (HPT-Ds). We tested these vectors in transgenic rice and characterized the transposition events. Our results showed that these vectors are useful resources for functional genomics of rice and other crop plants. The vectors are freely available for the community.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81071274).
文摘In this study,different molecular weight(MW)carboxymethyl chitosans(CM-chitosan)nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelification.The particle size of nanoparticles was around 180–250 nm by dynamic light scattering(DLS)and transmission electron microscope(TEM).With the increase of CM-chitosan nanoparticles concentration from 2 to 200μg/mL,the growth inhibition effects on the keloid fibroblast increased.At the concentration of 100μg/mL,CM-chitosan nanoparticles withMW6.3 kDa had a significant inhibitory effect(inhibition ratio 48.79%)of the proliferation of keloid fibroblast.Compared with CM-chitosan solution,the inhibition of CM-chitosan nanoparticles were lower in prior period and similar in later period.By analyzing the different effects of chitosan,CM-chitosan solution and CM-chitosan nanoparticles on proliferation of keloid fibroblast,we have found that the carboxylmethyl groups of CM-chitosan play an important role in inhibition of proliferation of keloid fibroblast.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31822041,31901829,and 31972225)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100600)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M660894).
文摘Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NLR)proteins play critical roles in plant immunity.However,how NLRs are regulated and activate defense signaling is not fully understood.The rice(Oryza sativa)NLR receptor Piz-t confers broad-spectrum resistance to the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae and the RING-type E3 ligase AVRPIZ-T INTERACTING PROTEIN 10(APIP10)negatively regulates Piz-t accumulation.In this study,we found that APIP10 interacts with two rice transcription factors,VASCULAR PLANT ONEZINC FINGER 1(OsVOZ1)and OsVOZ2,and promotes their degradation through the 26S proteasome pathway.OsVOZ1 displays transcriptional repression activity while OsVOZ2 confers transcriptional activation activity in planta.The osvoz1 and osvoz2 single mutants display modest but opposite M.oryzae resistance in the non-Piz-t background.However,the osvoz1 osvoz2 double mutant exhibits strong dwarfism and cell death,and silencing of both genes via RNA interference also leads to dwarfism,mild cell death,and enhanced resistance to M.oryzae in the non-Piz-t background.Both OsVOZ1 and OsVOZ2 interact with Piz-t.Double silencing of OsVOZ1 and OsVOZ2 in the Piz-t background decreases Piz-t protein accumulation and transcription,reactive oxygen species-dependent cell death,and resistance to M.oryzae containing AvrPiz-t.Taken together,these results indicate that OsVOZ1 and OsVOZ2 negatively regulate basal defense but contribute positively to Piz-t-mediated immunity.
基金supported by the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development(Project title:Global identification and functional study of rice genes for enhancement of root development and nutrient use efficiency using genome information,project no.PJ01100401)
文摘Rice(Oryza sativa) is one of the most important staple food crops for more than half of the world's population.The demand is increasing for food security because of population growth and environmental challenges triggered by climate changes.This scenario has led to more interest in developing crops with greater productivity and sustainability.The process of genetic transformation,a major tool for crop improvement,utilizes promoters as one of its key elements.Those promoters are generally divided into three types:constitutive,spatiotemporal,and condition-dependent.Transcriptional control of a constitutive promoter often leads to reduced plant growth,due to a negative effect of accumulated molecules during cellular functions or energy consumption.To maximize the effect of a transgene on transgenic plants,it is better to use condition-dependent or tissuespecific promoters.However,until now,those types have not been as widely applied in crop biotechnology.In this review,we introduce and discuss four groups of tissue-specific promoters(50 promoters in total) and six groups of condition-dependent promoters(27 promoters).These promoters can be utilized to fine-tune desirable agronomic traits and develop crops with tolerance to various stresses,enhanced nutritional value,and advanced productivity.
