To explore the effect of fertilizers on the yield and quality of Platostoma palustre,in this study,P.palustre was utilized as the research material,and field experiments were conducted with different application rates...To explore the effect of fertilizers on the yield and quality of Platostoma palustre,in this study,P.palustre was utilized as the research material,and field experiments were conducted with different application rates of compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer and non-targeted metabolomics analysis was further employed to compare and analyze the differences in the metabolic components between the compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer treatments.The results of field experiments demonstrated that both compound and organic fertilizers could promote the fresh weight,shade dry weight,and dry weight of P.palustre,with 450 kg hm−2 compound fertilizer and 4500 kg hm−2 organic fertilizer presenting the optimum effects.Non-targeted metabolomics revealed that 1096 metabolites were identified in 450 kg hm−2 compound fertilizer and 4500 kg hm−2 organic fertilizer,and 885 metabolites were annotated in the Human Metabolome Database(HMDB).There were 318 differential metabolites(DMs)found between the two treatments,and 263 metabolites were annotated in HMDB.The abundance of 2 phenolic compounds and 12 organic oxygen compounds in the treatment of 4500 kg hm−2 organic fertilizer was significantly higher than that of the 450 kg hm−2 compound fertilizer,while the abundance of 21 organic oxygen compounds,14 flavonoids,3 phenolic compounds,and 5 cinnamic acids and their derivatives was significantly up-regulated in 450 kg hm−2 compound fertilizer treatment.In addition,5 metabolic pathways were significantly enriched,and the flavone and flavonol biosynthesis was the most significantly differential metabolic pathway.These results suggested that the application of both compound fertilizers and organic fertilizers can increase the yield of P.palustre,but their effects on metabolites were different.This study has considerable implications for the planting and cultivation of P.palustre,furnishing a scientific foundation for an efficient and rational application of fertilizer.展开更多
Methylprednisolone pulse treatment is currently used fo r optic neuritis.It can speed visual recovery,but does not improve the ultimate visual outcomes.Recent studies have repo rted that miR-125 a-5 p has immunomodula...Methylprednisolone pulse treatment is currently used fo r optic neuritis.It can speed visual recovery,but does not improve the ultimate visual outcomes.Recent studies have repo rted that miR-125 a-5 p has immunomodulatory effects on autoimmune diseases.However,it remains unclear whether miR-125 a-5 p has effects on optic neuritis.In this study,we used adeno-associated virus to overexpress or silence miR-125 a-5 p in mice.We found that silencing miR-125 a-5 p increased the latency of visual evoked potential and aggravated inflammation of the optic nerve.Ove rexpression of miR-125 a-5 p suppressed inflammation of the optic nerve,protected retinal ganglion cells,and increased the percentage of Treg cells.Our findings show that miR-125 a-5 p exhibits anti-inflammatory effects through promoting the diffe rentiation of Treg cells.展开更多
Amomi Fructus(Sharen,AF)is a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)from three source species(or varieties),including Wurfbainia villosa var.villosa(WVV),W.villosa var.xanthioides(WVX),or W.longiligularis(WL).Among them,WVV...Amomi Fructus(Sharen,AF)is a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)from three source species(or varieties),including Wurfbainia villosa var.villosa(WVV),W.villosa var.xanthioides(WVX),or W.longiligularis(WL).Among them,WVV has been transplanted from its top-geoherb region,Guangdong,to its current main production area,Yunnan,for>50 years in China.However,the genetic and transcriptomic differentiation among multiple AF source species(or varieties)and between the origin and transplanted populations of WVV is unknown.In our study,the observed overall higher expression of terpenoid biosynthesis genes in WVV than in WVX provided possible evidence for the better pharmacological effect of WVV.We also screened six candidate borneol dehydrogenases(BDHs)that potentially catalyzed borneol into camphor in WVV and functionally verified them.Highly expressed genes at the P2 stage of WVV,Wv05G1424 and Wv05G1438,were capable of catalyzing the formation of camphor from(+)-borneol,(-)-borneol and DL-isoborneol.Moreover,the BDH genes may experience independent evolution after acquiring the ancestral copies,and the following tandem duplications might account for the abundant camphor content in WVV.Furthermore,four populations of WVV,WVX,and WL are genetically differentiated,and the gene flow from WVX to WVV in Yunnan contributed to the greater genetic diversity in the introduced population(WVV-JH)than in its top-geoherb region(WVV-YC),which showed the lowest genetic diversity and might undergo genetic degradation.In addition,terpene synthesis(TPS)and BDH genes were selected among populations of multiple AF source species(or varieties)and between the top-and non-top-geoherb regions,which might explain the difference in metabolites between these populations.Our findings provide important guidance for the conservation,genetic improvement,and industrial development of the three source species(or varieties)and for identifying top-geoherbalism with molecular markers,and proper clinical application of AF.展开更多
Ilex asprella(Hook.et Arn.)Champ.ex Benth is one of the most important traditional Chinese medicines in southern China.The seeds of Ilex asprella usually have extremely low germination due to their dormancy characteri...Ilex asprella(Hook.et Arn.)Champ.ex Benth is one of the most important traditional Chinese medicines in southern China.The seeds of Ilex asprella usually have extremely low germination due to their dormancy characteristics,which severely impacts the efficiency of seedling raising and increases labor costs.In this study,to improve the seed germination of I.asprella,the effects of germination substrate,hormone,winnowing,and stratification treatments on the seed germination of I.asprella were investigated.The results of the germination matrix showed that the highest germination percentage of 45.2%was achieved under the 20℃/10℃day/night temperature and vermiculite germination medium conditions.The results of hormone treatments revealed that 100–400 mg/L of gibberellin(GA)and 50–100 mg/L of salicylic acid(SA)were found to be effective in releasing the dormancy of I.asprella seeds.Moreover,winnowing could effectively eliminate unsaturated seeds and impurities,thus improving the seed germination of I.asprella.Furthermore,warm temperature(15℃)stratification could expand the temperature range of I.asprella’s seed germination,which was beneficial for seed germination of I.asprella and for seed nursery at room temperature in production practice.The present study obtained a method to break dormancy and increase seed germination in I.asprella,thereby forming a groundwork for improving the efficiency of large-scale planting of I.asprella.展开更多
Bacillus subtilis B47 is an endophytic bacterium of tomato, and produces substance that strongly inhibits the growth of Bipolaris maydis, the pathogen of southern corn leaf blight （SCLB）, as well as several other ph...Bacillus subtilis B47 is an endophytic bacterium of tomato, and produces substance that strongly inhibits the growth of Bipolaris maydis, the pathogen of southern corn leaf blight （SCLB）, as well as several other phytopathogenic fungi. The antifungal substance was purified from the broth culture of the bacterium using acid precipitation, methanol extraction, and three-step chromatography. Based on FT-IR spectrometry, amino acid composition, and MALDI-TOF-MS/MS CID analyses, the antifungal substance was identified as iturin A2, a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic. To evaluate the efficacy of iturin A2 for control of SCLB, partially purified iturin A2 （75%, w/v） was applied under different conditions. At the concentration of 300 mg kg-1, iturin A2 showed efficacy ranging from 100 to 53.1% under in vitro, in plot and in field conditions. This efficacy was higher than or similar to that of the fungicide chlorothalonil. When the concentration of iturin A2 was increased to 500 mg kg-1, the control efficacy was enhanced to 64.2% in field, which was significantly higher than that of chlorothalonil. These results indicate that iturin A2 has potential for SCLB control and could be a substitute to synthetic fungicides. To our knowledge, this is the first report on using partially purified iturin A for control of SCLB under field conditions.展开更多
Four new isoflavanones with isoprenoid units,named triquetrumones E-H(1-4),were isolated from the whole plants of Tadehagi triquetrum.The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses,including app...Four new isoflavanones with isoprenoid units,named triquetrumones E-H(1-4),were isolated from the whole plants of Tadehagi triquetrum.The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses,including application of MS,UV,IR,1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques.展开更多
A herbal prescription in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has great complexity,with multiple components and multiple targets,making it extremely challenging to determine its bioactive compounds.Yinchenhao Tang(YCHT)ha...A herbal prescription in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has great complexity,with multiple components and multiple targets,making it extremely challenging to determine its bioactive compounds.Yinchenhao Tang(YCHT)has been extensively used for the treatment of jaundice disease.Although many studies have examined the efficacy and active ingredients of YCHT,there is still a lack of an in-depth systematic analysis of its effective components,mechanisms,and potential targets—especially one based on clinical patients.This study established an innovative strategy for discovering the potential targets and active compounds of YCHT based on an integrated clinical and animal experiment platform.The serum metabolic profiles and constituents of YCHT in vivo were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-ToF-MS)-based metabolomics combined with a serum pharmacochemistry method.Moreover,a compound–target–pathway network was constructed and analyzed by network pharmacology and ingenuity pathway analysis(IPA).We found that eight active components could modulate five key targets.These key targets were further verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),which indicated that YCHT exerts therapeutic effects by targeting cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase(CYP7A1),multidrug-resistance-associated protein 2(ABCC2),multidrug-resistance-associated protein 3(ABCC3),uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase 1A1(UGT1A1),and farnesoid X receptor(FXR),and by regulating metabolic pathways including primary bile acid biosynthesis,porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism,and biliary secretion.Eight main effective compounds were discovered and correlated with the key targets and pathways.In this way,we demonstrate that this integrated strategy can be successfully applied for the effective discovery of the active compounds and therapeutic targets of an herbal prescription.展开更多
In this paper,the propagation of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn.was optimized based on the research results conducted in propagation for many years and the actual need for the planting materials.According to the requirem...In this paper,the propagation of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn.was optimized based on the research results conducted in propagation for many years and the actual need for the planting materials.According to the requirements of Good Agricultural Practices for Chinese Medicinal Drugs,cultural practices for propagation of S.suberectus were summed up and standardized,including the environmental requirements,land preparation,bed preparation,cutting of scions,cuttings treatment,cutting,management of cuttings at the nursery,bagged cuttings ready for transplanting,packing and handling,transportation,and preparation of records for archives.展开更多
[Objectives] To explore the techniques of long-term preservation of Artemisia annua. [Methods] Using different storage methods,germination test and statistical analysis,the effect on seed germination of Artemisia annu...[Objectives] To explore the techniques of long-term preservation of Artemisia annua. [Methods] Using different storage methods,germination test and statistical analysis,the effect on seed germination of Artemisia annua was studied. [Results] In cold storage,the envelope preservation had the best effect,while the self-sealing bag had the worst effect; under freezing at low temperatures,the hop-pocket preservation had the best effect,while the self-sealing bag effect had the worst effect. In short,under different storage methods,the self-sealing bag had the worst packaging effect,indicating that the ventilation property of self-sealing bag was poor,affecting the seed breathing,thereby affecting the vitality of the seed,and shortening the life of the seed. [Conclusions]The cold storage envelope packaging was the most appropriate way of storage for Artemisia annua seed,and the storage time should be less than 270 d.展开更多
[Objectives] To determine the content of neoastilbin,astilbin,neoisoastilbin,isoastilbin,engeletin,and resveratrol in Smilacis glabrae rhizome. [Methods] The ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method with di...[Objectives] To determine the content of neoastilbin,astilbin,neoisoastilbin,isoastilbin,engeletin,and resveratrol in Smilacis glabrae rhizome. [Methods] The ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method with diode array detection( UPLC-DAD) was developed. Analysis conditions as follows: waters Acquity UHPLC HT3 C18 chromatographic column( 2.1 × 100 mm),column temperature 30 ℃,mobile phase acetonitrile( A)-0.1% phosphoric acid( B) gradient elution,flow rate 0.2 mL/min,and detection wavelength 327 nm. [Results]Results indicated that the content of astilbin,neoastilbin,isoastilbin,neoisoastilbin,engeletin,and resveratrol in 10 samples of Smilacis glabrae rhizome was 1.313-6.1755 mg,0.013-3.699 mg,0.146-0.975 mg,0.137-0.7 mg,0.147-0.797 mg,0.077-0.112 mg,respectively. [Conclusions]This method is high efficient,convenient and accurate,and can be used as the method for quality control of Smilacis glabrae rhizome.展开更多
Polyphenols are the main active components of the anti-inflammatory compounds in dandelion,and chlorogenic acid(CGA)is one of the primary polyphenols.However,the molecular mechanism underlying the transcriptional regu...Polyphenols are the main active components of the anti-inflammatory compounds in dandelion,and chlorogenic acid(CGA)is one of the primary polyphenols.However,the molecular mechanism underlying the transcriptional regulation of CGA biosynthesis remains unclear.Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase(HQT2)is the last rate-limiting enzyme in chlorogenic acid biosynthesis in Taraxacum antungense.Therefore,using the TaHQT2 gene promoter as a probe,a yeast one-hybrid library was performed,and a basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor,TabHLH1,was identified that shared substantial homology with Gynura bicolor DC bHLH1.The TabHLH1 transcript was highly induced by salt stress,and the TabHLH1 protein was localized in the nucleus.CGA and luteolin concentrations in TabHLH1-overexpression transgenic lines were significantly higher than those in the wild type,while CGA and luteolin concentrations in TabHLH1-RNA interference(RNAi)transgenic lines were significantly lower.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that overexpression and RNAi of TabHLH1 in T.antungense significantly affected CGA and luteolin concentrations by upregulating or downregulating CGA and luteolin biosynthesis pathway genes,especially TaHQT2,4-coumarate-CoA ligase(Ta4CL),chalcone isomerase(TaCHI),and flavonoid-3′-hydroxylase(TaF3′H).Dual-luciferase,yeast one-hybrid,and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that TabHLH1 directly bound to the bHLH-binding motifs of proTaHQT2 and proTa4CL.This study suggests that TabHLH1 participates in the regulatory network of CGA and luteolin biosynthesis in T.antungense and might be useful for metabolic engineering to promote plant polyphenol biosynthesis.展开更多
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is the third most common malignancy with a high recurrence and metastasis rate in South China.Natural compounds extracted from traditional Chinese herbal medicines have been developed and ...Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is the third most common malignancy with a high recurrence and metastasis rate in South China.Natural compounds extracted from traditional Chinese herbal medicines have been developed and utilized for the treatment of a variety of cancers with modest properties and slight side effects.Maackiain(MA)is a type of flavonoid that was first isolated from leguminous plants,and it has been reported to relieve various nervous system disorders and exert anti-allergic as well as antiinflammatory effects.In this study,we demonstrated that MA inhibited proliferation,arrested cell cycle and induced apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE1 and CNE2 cells in vitro and in vivo.The expression of the related proteins associated with these processes were consistent with the above effects.Moreover,transcriptome sequencing and subsequent Western blot experiments revealed that inhibition of the MAPK/Ras pathway may be responsible to the anti-tumor effect of MA on NPC cells.Therefore,the effects of MA and an activator of this pathway,tertiary butylhydroquinone(TBHQ),alone or combination,were investigated.The results showed TBHQ neutralized the inhibitory effects of MA.These data suggest that MA exerts its anti-tumor effect by inhibiting the MAPK/Ras signaling pathway and it has the potential to become a treatment for patients with NPC.展开更多
Gene duplication is assumed to be the major force driving the evolution of metabolite biosynthesis in plants.Freed from functional burdens,duplicated genes can mutate toward novelties until fixed due to selective fitn...Gene duplication is assumed to be the major force driving the evolution of metabolite biosynthesis in plants.Freed from functional burdens,duplicated genes can mutate toward novelties until fixed due to selective fitness.However,the extent to which this mechanism has driven the diversification of metabolite biosynthesis remains to be tested.Here we performed comparative genomics analysis and functional characterization to evaluate the impact of gene duplication on the evolution of triterpenoid biosynthesis using Panax species as models.Wefound that whole-genome duplications(WGDs)occurred independently in Araliaceae and Apiaceae lineages.Comparative genomics revealed the evolutionary trajectories of triterpenoid biosynthesis in plants,which was mainly promoted by WGDs and tandem duplication.Lanosterol synthase(LAS)was likely derived from a tandemduplicate of cycloartenol synthase that predated the emergence of Nymphaeales.Under episodic diversifying selection,the LAS gene duplicates produced by g whole-genome triplication have given rise to triterpene biosynthesis in core eudicots through neofunctionalization.Moreover,functional characterization revealed that oxidosqualene cyclases(OSCs)responsible for synthesizing dammarane-type triterpenes in Panax species were also capable of producing ocotilloltype triterpenes.Genomic and biochemical evidence suggested that Panax genes encoding the above OSCs originated from the specialization of one OSC gene duplicate produced from a recent WGD shared by Araliaceae(Pg-b).Our results reveal the crucial role of gene duplication in diversification of triterpenoid biosynthesis in plants and provide insight into the origin of ocotillol-type triterpenes in Panax species.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate rapid propagation systems of Gynostemma pentaphyllum.[Methods]Ten different media were tested to select the optimal media for inducing callus proliferation,bud diffe...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate rapid propagation systems of Gynostemma pentaphyllum.[Methods]Ten different media were tested to select the optimal media for inducing callus proliferation,bud differentiation and rooting by using tissue culture technology,with G.pentaphyllum stem segments and leaves as explants.The stem segments of G.pentaphyllum were used as explants to directly induce rooting and germination,and appropriate media were selected.[Results]The optimum callus induction medium for G.pentaphyllum stem segments was MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.4 mg/L;the optimum rooting medium for stem callus was MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L;and the optimum germination medium for stem segments was MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L.The optimum callus induction medium for G.pentaphyllum leaves was MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L;and the optimum rooting medium for leaves was MS+NAA 0.4 mg/L.The optimum rooting medium for G.pentaphyllum stem segments was MS+IAA 1.0 mg/L,with which the rooting rate was 100%,the average root length was about 3 cm,and the average number of sprouts per explant was 1.48,so it is the optimal condition.[Conclusions]This study provides a new method for in-vitro cultivation of G.pentaphyllum and has far-reaching significance for improving human health.展开更多
The study of the movement behavior of geckos on a vertical surface, including the measurement and recording of the reaction forces as they move in different directions, plays an important role in understanding the mec...The study of the movement behavior of geckos on a vertical surface, including the measurement and recording of the reaction forces as they move in different directions, plays an important role in understanding the mechanics of the animals' locomotion. This study provides inspiration for the design of a control system for a bionics robot. The three-dimensional reaction forces of vertical surface-climbing geckos (Gekko gecko) were measured using a three-dimensional force-sensors-array. The behavior of gecko as it moved on a vertical surface was recorded with a high speed camera at 215 fps and the function of each foot of a gecko are discussed in this paper. The results showed that the gecko increased its velocity of movement mainly by increasing the stride frequency in the upward, downward and leftward direction and that the speed had no significant relationship to the attachment and detachment times. The feet above the center-of-mass play a key role in supporting the body, driving locomotion and balancing overturning etc. The movement behavior and foot function of geckos change correspondingly for different conditions, which results in safe and effective free vertical locomotion. This research will be helpful in designing gecko-like robots including the selection of gait planning and its control.展开更多
Mogrosides and steroid saponins are tetracyclic triterpenoids found in Siraitia grosvenorii.Squalene synthase(SQS) and cycloartenol synthase(CAS) are key enzymes in triterpenoid and steroid biosynthesis.In this study,...Mogrosides and steroid saponins are tetracyclic triterpenoids found in Siraitia grosvenorii.Squalene synthase(SQS) and cycloartenol synthase(CAS) are key enzymes in triterpenoid and steroid biosynthesis.In this study,full-length cDNAs of SgSQS and SgCAS were cloned by a rapid amplification of cDNA-ends with polymerase chain reaction(RACE-PCR) approach.The SgSQS cDNA has a 1254 bp open reading frame(ORF) encoding 417 amino acids,and the SgCAS cDNA contains a 2298 bp ORF encoding 765 amino acids.Bioinformatic analysis showed that the deduced SgSQS protein has two transmembrane regions in the C-terminal.Both SgSQS and SgCAS have significantly higher levels in fruits than in other tissues,suggesting that steroids and mogrosides are competitors for the same precursors in fruits.Combined in silico prediction and subcellular localization,experiments in tobacco indicated that SgSQS was probably in the cytoplasm or on the cytoskeleton,and SgCAS was likely located in the nucleus or cytosol.These results will provide a foundation for further study of SgSQS and SgCAS gene functions in S.grosvenorii,and may facilitate improvements in mogroside content in fruit by regulating gene expression.展开更多
Sijunzi decoction (SJZD) is a Chinese classical formula to treat spleen qi deficiency syndrome (SQDS) and has been widely used for thousands of years.However,the quality control (QC) standards of SJZD are insufficient...Sijunzi decoction (SJZD) is a Chinese classical formula to treat spleen qi deficiency syndrome (SQDS) and has been widely used for thousands of years.However,the quality control (QC) standards of SJZD are insufficient.Chinmedomics has been designed to discover and verify bioactive compounds of a variety of formularapidly.In this study,we used Chinmedomics to evaluate the SJZD's efficacy against SQDS to discover the potential quality-markers (q-markers) for QC.A total of 56 compounds in SJZD were characterized in vitro,and 23 compounds were discovered in vivo.A total of 58 biomarkers were related to SQDS,and SJZD can adjust a large proportion of marker metabolites to normal level and then regulate the metabolic profile to the health status.A total of 10 constituents were absorbed as effective ingredients that were associated with overall efficacy.We preliminarily determined malonyl-ginsenoside Rb2 and ginsenoside Ro as the q-markers of ginseng;dehydrotumulosic acid and dihydroxy lanostene-triene-21-acid as the q-markers of poria;glycyrrhizic acid,isoglabrolide,and glycyrrhetnic acid as the q-markers of licorice;and 2-atractylenolide as the q-marker of macrocephala.According to the discovery of the SJZD q-markers,we can establish the quality standard that is related to efficacy.展开更多
Aims Projections of invasive species expansion under a warmer world often do not explicitly consider the concurring nitrogen(N)deposition.It remains largely unknown how the convoluted effect of climate warming and N d...Aims Projections of invasive species expansion under a warmer world often do not explicitly consider the concurring nitrogen(N)deposition.It remains largely unknown how the convoluted effect of climate warming and N deposition will shift the native and invasive species dynamics.Here,we hypothesize that the concurring in creases in N and temperature would promote growth of invasive species greater than that of native species.Methods A controlled greenhouse experiment was conducted to quantify the growth response of an invasive species(Solidago canadensis L.)and a co-existing native species(Artemisia argyi Levi,et Van)under the effects of climate warming,N deposition and their interactions.Important Findings Due to the strong positive effect of N addition,the interactive effect of temperature increase and N addition resulted in an overall significant increase in growth of both in vasive and native species,demonstrating that these manipulations may make microhabitats more favorable to plant growth.However,the relative increases in biomass,height and diameter of invasive S.canadensis were signifiesntly lower than those of native A.argyi.This suggests that the vegetative growth superiority of invasive S.canadensis over the native species A.argyi is reduced by the enhanced N availability in the warmer world.Therefore,the inclusion of N deposition may mitigate the projection of invasive species S.canadensis expansion under climate warming.展开更多
CYP450 plays an essential role in the development and growth of the fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii. However, little is known about the SgCYP450-4 gene in S. grosvenorii. Here, based on transcriptome data, a full-lengt...CYP450 plays an essential role in the development and growth of the fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii. However, little is known about the SgCYP450-4 gene in S. grosvenorii. Here, based on transcriptome data, a full-length c DNA sequence of SgCYP450-4 was cloned by reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and rapid-amplification of c DNA ends(RACE) strategies. SgCYP450-4 is 1677 bp in length(Gen Bank accession No. AEM42985.1) and contains a complete open reading frame(ORF) of 1422 bp. The deduced protein was composed of 473 amino acids, the molecular weight is 54.01 kDa, the theoretical isoelectric point(PI) is 8.8, and the protein was predicted to possess cytochrome P450 domains. SgCYP450-4 gene was highly expressed in root, diploid fruit and fruit treated with hormone and pollination. At 10 days after treatment with pollination and hormones, the expression of SgCYP450-4had the highest level and then decreased over time, which was consistent with the development of fruits of S.Grosvenorii. Hormonal treatment could significantly induce the expression of SgCYP450-4. These results provide a reference for regulation of fruit development and the use of parthenocarpy to generate seedless fruit, and provide a scientific basis for the production of growth regulator application agents.展开更多
To search for new and bioactive constituents from traditional Chinese medicines, a new steroidal saponin, named vernonioside G （1）, was isolated from the roots of Vernonia cumingiana Benth. （Compositae）. The struc...To search for new and bioactive constituents from traditional Chinese medicines, a new steroidal saponin, named vernonioside G （1）, was isolated from the roots of Vernonia cumingiana Benth. （Compositae）. The structure of vernonioside G was elucidated using spectral methods, particularly two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Together with the new compound, eight known compounds were also isolated and identified from the roots of V. cumingiana, among which, VE-1 （2） and 24-methylenelanost-9（11）- en-3β-ol acetate （3） were assigned NMR data for the first time and compound 3 was obtained as a natural product from a plant for the first time.展开更多
基金funded by the Fund Projects of the Central Government in Guidance of Local Science and Technology Development(GuiKeZY22096020)Guangxi Key R&D Plan Project(2023AB23078)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82260750)Appropriate Technology Development and Promotion Project of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Administration(GZSY23-07).
文摘To explore the effect of fertilizers on the yield and quality of Platostoma palustre,in this study,P.palustre was utilized as the research material,and field experiments were conducted with different application rates of compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer and non-targeted metabolomics analysis was further employed to compare and analyze the differences in the metabolic components between the compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer treatments.The results of field experiments demonstrated that both compound and organic fertilizers could promote the fresh weight,shade dry weight,and dry weight of P.palustre,with 450 kg hm−2 compound fertilizer and 4500 kg hm−2 organic fertilizer presenting the optimum effects.Non-targeted metabolomics revealed that 1096 metabolites were identified in 450 kg hm−2 compound fertilizer and 4500 kg hm−2 organic fertilizer,and 885 metabolites were annotated in the Human Metabolome Database(HMDB).There were 318 differential metabolites(DMs)found between the two treatments,and 263 metabolites were annotated in HMDB.The abundance of 2 phenolic compounds and 12 organic oxygen compounds in the treatment of 4500 kg hm−2 organic fertilizer was significantly higher than that of the 450 kg hm−2 compound fertilizer,while the abundance of 21 organic oxygen compounds,14 flavonoids,3 phenolic compounds,and 5 cinnamic acids and their derivatives was significantly up-regulated in 450 kg hm−2 compound fertilizer treatment.In addition,5 metabolic pathways were significantly enriched,and the flavone and flavonol biosynthesis was the most significantly differential metabolic pathway.These results suggested that the application of both compound fertilizers and organic fertilizers can increase the yield of P.palustre,but their effects on metabolites were different.This study has considerable implications for the planting and cultivation of P.palustre,furnishing a scientific foundation for an efficient and rational application of fertilizer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81560162the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation of China,No.2018GXNSFAA050052(both YD)。
文摘Methylprednisolone pulse treatment is currently used fo r optic neuritis.It can speed visual recovery,but does not improve the ultimate visual outcomes.Recent studies have repo rted that miR-125 a-5 p has immunomodulatory effects on autoimmune diseases.However,it remains unclear whether miR-125 a-5 p has effects on optic neuritis.In this study,we used adeno-associated virus to overexpress or silence miR-125 a-5 p in mice.We found that silencing miR-125 a-5 p increased the latency of visual evoked potential and aggravated inflammation of the optic nerve.Ove rexpression of miR-125 a-5 p suppressed inflammation of the optic nerve,protected retinal ganglion cells,and increased the percentage of Treg cells.Our findings show that miR-125 a-5 p exhibits anti-inflammatory effects through promoting the diffe rentiation of Treg cells.
基金This study was supported by Yunnan Science and Technology Talents and Platform Program(Academician and ExpertWorkstations,202205AF150071)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2020YFA0907900,2022YFD1600300,and 2017YFC1701100)+6 种基金Open Projects of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Conservation and Genetic Improvement(No.KL2022KF01)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.KQTD2016113010482651)special funds for Science Technology Innovation and Industrial Development of Shenzhen Dapeng New District(Nos.RC201901-05 and PT201901-19)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020 M672904)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund of Guangdong(No.2020A1515110912)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32070242 and 82260736)Science Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality of China(ZDSYS 20200811142605017).
文摘Amomi Fructus(Sharen,AF)is a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)from three source species(or varieties),including Wurfbainia villosa var.villosa(WVV),W.villosa var.xanthioides(WVX),or W.longiligularis(WL).Among them,WVV has been transplanted from its top-geoherb region,Guangdong,to its current main production area,Yunnan,for>50 years in China.However,the genetic and transcriptomic differentiation among multiple AF source species(or varieties)and between the origin and transplanted populations of WVV is unknown.In our study,the observed overall higher expression of terpenoid biosynthesis genes in WVV than in WVX provided possible evidence for the better pharmacological effect of WVV.We also screened six candidate borneol dehydrogenases(BDHs)that potentially catalyzed borneol into camphor in WVV and functionally verified them.Highly expressed genes at the P2 stage of WVV,Wv05G1424 and Wv05G1438,were capable of catalyzing the formation of camphor from(+)-borneol,(-)-borneol and DL-isoborneol.Moreover,the BDH genes may experience independent evolution after acquiring the ancestral copies,and the following tandem duplications might account for the abundant camphor content in WVV.Furthermore,four populations of WVV,WVX,and WL are genetically differentiated,and the gene flow from WVX to WVV in Yunnan contributed to the greater genetic diversity in the introduced population(WVV-JH)than in its top-geoherb region(WVV-YC),which showed the lowest genetic diversity and might undergo genetic degradation.In addition,terpene synthesis(TPS)and BDH genes were selected among populations of multiple AF source species(or varieties)and between the top-and non-top-geoherb regions,which might explain the difference in metabolites between these populations.Our findings provide important guidance for the conservation,genetic improvement,and industrial development of the three source species(or varieties)and for identifying top-geoherbalism with molecular markers,and proper clinical application of AF.
基金supported by the Fund Projects of the Central Government in Guidance of Local Science and Technology Development(GuiKeZY22096020)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2019GXNSFBA245073)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82260750,82260749)Cooperative Project of Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants with China Resources Sanjiu Medical&Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.(202112-1).
文摘Ilex asprella(Hook.et Arn.)Champ.ex Benth is one of the most important traditional Chinese medicines in southern China.The seeds of Ilex asprella usually have extremely low germination due to their dormancy characteristics,which severely impacts the efficiency of seedling raising and increases labor costs.In this study,to improve the seed germination of I.asprella,the effects of germination substrate,hormone,winnowing,and stratification treatments on the seed germination of I.asprella were investigated.The results of the germination matrix showed that the highest germination percentage of 45.2%was achieved under the 20℃/10℃day/night temperature and vermiculite germination medium conditions.The results of hormone treatments revealed that 100–400 mg/L of gibberellin(GA)and 50–100 mg/L of salicylic acid(SA)were found to be effective in releasing the dormancy of I.asprella seeds.Moreover,winnowing could effectively eliminate unsaturated seeds and impurities,thus improving the seed germination of I.asprella.Furthermore,warm temperature(15℃)stratification could expand the temperature range of I.asprella’s seed germination,which was beneficial for seed germination of I.asprella and for seed nursery at room temperature in production practice.The present study obtained a method to break dormancy and increase seed germination in I.asprella,thereby forming a groundwork for improving the efficiency of large-scale planting of I.asprella.
基金financially supported by the grants from the Department of Science and Technology,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China (0991056)
文摘Bacillus subtilis B47 is an endophytic bacterium of tomato, and produces substance that strongly inhibits the growth of Bipolaris maydis, the pathogen of southern corn leaf blight （SCLB）, as well as several other phytopathogenic fungi. The antifungal substance was purified from the broth culture of the bacterium using acid precipitation, methanol extraction, and three-step chromatography. Based on FT-IR spectrometry, amino acid composition, and MALDI-TOF-MS/MS CID analyses, the antifungal substance was identified as iturin A2, a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic. To evaluate the efficacy of iturin A2 for control of SCLB, partially purified iturin A2 （75%, w/v） was applied under different conditions. At the concentration of 300 mg kg-1, iturin A2 showed efficacy ranging from 100 to 53.1% under in vitro, in plot and in field conditions. This efficacy was higher than or similar to that of the fungicide chlorothalonil. When the concentration of iturin A2 was increased to 500 mg kg-1, the control efficacy was enhanced to 64.2% in field, which was significantly higher than that of chlorothalonil. These results indicate that iturin A2 has potential for SCLB control and could be a substitute to synthetic fungicides. To our knowledge, this is the first report on using partially purified iturin A for control of SCLB under field conditions.
基金The authors are grateful to National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program 2009CB522300)the Chinese Academy of Science(KSCX2-EW-R-15)for financial support and to the members of the analytical group in the State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,for the spectral measurements.
文摘Four new isoflavanones with isoprenoid units,named triquetrumones E-H(1-4),were isolated from the whole plants of Tadehagi triquetrum.The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses,including application of MS,UV,IR,1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques.
基金This work was supported by grants from the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(81430093,81830110,and 81861168037)Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program.
文摘A herbal prescription in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has great complexity,with multiple components and multiple targets,making it extremely challenging to determine its bioactive compounds.Yinchenhao Tang(YCHT)has been extensively used for the treatment of jaundice disease.Although many studies have examined the efficacy and active ingredients of YCHT,there is still a lack of an in-depth systematic analysis of its effective components,mechanisms,and potential targets—especially one based on clinical patients.This study established an innovative strategy for discovering the potential targets and active compounds of YCHT based on an integrated clinical and animal experiment platform.The serum metabolic profiles and constituents of YCHT in vivo were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-ToF-MS)-based metabolomics combined with a serum pharmacochemistry method.Moreover,a compound–target–pathway network was constructed and analyzed by network pharmacology and ingenuity pathway analysis(IPA).We found that eight active components could modulate five key targets.These key targets were further verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),which indicated that YCHT exerts therapeutic effects by targeting cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase(CYP7A1),multidrug-resistance-associated protein 2(ABCC2),multidrug-resistance-associated protein 3(ABCC3),uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase 1A1(UGT1A1),and farnesoid X receptor(FXR),and by regulating metabolic pathways including primary bile acid biosynthesis,porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism,and biliary secretion.Eight main effective compounds were discovered and correlated with the key targets and pathways.In this way,we demonstrate that this integrated strategy can be successfully applied for the effective discovery of the active compounds and therapeutic targets of an herbal prescription.
基金Scientific Research and Technology Development Project of Yulin City,Guangxi(Yushikegong 201833050)Guangxi Science and Technology Plan Project(Guike AA18126004)Science and Technology Innovation Platform Establishment Plan Project of Yulin City,Guangxi(2019CXPT00A5).
文摘In this paper,the propagation of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn.was optimized based on the research results conducted in propagation for many years and the actual need for the planting materials.According to the requirements of Good Agricultural Practices for Chinese Medicinal Drugs,cultural practices for propagation of S.suberectus were summed up and standardized,including the environmental requirements,land preparation,bed preparation,cutting of scions,cuttings treatment,cutting,management of cuttings at the nursery,bagged cuttings ready for transplanting,packing and handling,transportation,and preparation of records for archives.
基金Supported by Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project of Guangxi Provincial Department of Health(GZBZ14-16)
文摘[Objectives] To explore the techniques of long-term preservation of Artemisia annua. [Methods] Using different storage methods,germination test and statistical analysis,the effect on seed germination of Artemisia annua was studied. [Results] In cold storage,the envelope preservation had the best effect,while the self-sealing bag had the worst effect; under freezing at low temperatures,the hop-pocket preservation had the best effect,while the self-sealing bag effect had the worst effect. In short,under different storage methods,the self-sealing bag had the worst packaging effect,indicating that the ventilation property of self-sealing bag was poor,affecting the seed breathing,thereby affecting the vitality of the seed,and shortening the life of the seed. [Conclusions]The cold storage envelope packaging was the most appropriate way of storage for Artemisia annua seed,and the storage time should be less than 270 d.
基金Supported by Innovating Research Program of Postgraduates of Southwest Minzu University in 2016(CX2016SZ027)
文摘[Objectives] To determine the content of neoastilbin,astilbin,neoisoastilbin,isoastilbin,engeletin,and resveratrol in Smilacis glabrae rhizome. [Methods] The ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method with diode array detection( UPLC-DAD) was developed. Analysis conditions as follows: waters Acquity UHPLC HT3 C18 chromatographic column( 2.1 × 100 mm),column temperature 30 ℃,mobile phase acetonitrile( A)-0.1% phosphoric acid( B) gradient elution,flow rate 0.2 mL/min,and detection wavelength 327 nm. [Results]Results indicated that the content of astilbin,neoastilbin,isoastilbin,neoisoastilbin,engeletin,and resveratrol in 10 samples of Smilacis glabrae rhizome was 1.313-6.1755 mg,0.013-3.699 mg,0.146-0.975 mg,0.137-0.7 mg,0.147-0.797 mg,0.077-0.112 mg,respectively. [Conclusions]This method is high efficient,convenient and accurate,and can be used as the method for quality control of Smilacis glabrae rhizome.
基金This work was supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Ten Thousand Program for Leading Talents of Science and Technology Innovation[2018R52050]the National Natural Science Fund of China[Grant numbers:82073963,81522049,81703636,31571735,31270007]+1 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Program for the Cultivation of High-Level Innovative Health Talents,the Research Project of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University(2021JKZDZC06)the Opening Project of Zhejiang Provincial Preponderant and Characteristic Subject of Key University(Traditional Chinese Pharmacology),Zhejiang Chinese Medical University[ZYAOXZD2019006]。
文摘Polyphenols are the main active components of the anti-inflammatory compounds in dandelion,and chlorogenic acid(CGA)is one of the primary polyphenols.However,the molecular mechanism underlying the transcriptional regulation of CGA biosynthesis remains unclear.Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase(HQT2)is the last rate-limiting enzyme in chlorogenic acid biosynthesis in Taraxacum antungense.Therefore,using the TaHQT2 gene promoter as a probe,a yeast one-hybrid library was performed,and a basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor,TabHLH1,was identified that shared substantial homology with Gynura bicolor DC bHLH1.The TabHLH1 transcript was highly induced by salt stress,and the TabHLH1 protein was localized in the nucleus.CGA and luteolin concentrations in TabHLH1-overexpression transgenic lines were significantly higher than those in the wild type,while CGA and luteolin concentrations in TabHLH1-RNA interference(RNAi)transgenic lines were significantly lower.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that overexpression and RNAi of TabHLH1 in T.antungense significantly affected CGA and luteolin concentrations by upregulating or downregulating CGA and luteolin biosynthesis pathway genes,especially TaHQT2,4-coumarate-CoA ligase(Ta4CL),chalcone isomerase(TaCHI),and flavonoid-3′-hydroxylase(TaF3′H).Dual-luciferase,yeast one-hybrid,and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that TabHLH1 directly bound to the bHLH-binding motifs of proTaHQT2 and proTa4CL.This study suggests that TabHLH1 participates in the regulatory network of CGA and luteolin biosynthesis in T.antungense and might be useful for metabolic engineering to promote plant polyphenol biosynthesis.
基金the Independent Subject of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement(No.KL2022ZZ01)Guangxi Innovation-Driven Development Project(No.GuiKe AA18242040)+3 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2019YFC1711000 and 2019YFC1711008)the Innovation Team Project of Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant(No.GuiYaoChuang2019002)the Innovation and Demonstration of Guangxi Academician Workstation(No.2021AV07007)Government Guided Local Science and Technology Development Project(No.GuiKeZY 20198018).
文摘Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is the third most common malignancy with a high recurrence and metastasis rate in South China.Natural compounds extracted from traditional Chinese herbal medicines have been developed and utilized for the treatment of a variety of cancers with modest properties and slight side effects.Maackiain(MA)is a type of flavonoid that was first isolated from leguminous plants,and it has been reported to relieve various nervous system disorders and exert anti-allergic as well as antiinflammatory effects.In this study,we demonstrated that MA inhibited proliferation,arrested cell cycle and induced apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE1 and CNE2 cells in vitro and in vivo.The expression of the related proteins associated with these processes were consistent with the above effects.Moreover,transcriptome sequencing and subsequent Western blot experiments revealed that inhibition of the MAPK/Ras pathway may be responsible to the anti-tumor effect of MA on NPC cells.Therefore,the effects of MA and an activator of this pathway,tertiary butylhydroquinone(TBHQ),alone or combination,were investigated.The results showed TBHQ neutralized the inhibitory effects of MA.These data suggest that MA exerts its anti-tumor effect by inhibiting the MAPK/Ras signaling pathway and it has the potential to become a treatment for patients with NPC.
基金supported by Digitalization of biological resources(202002AA100007)the Guangxi Innovation-Driven Development Project(GuiKe AA18242040)+1 种基金the General Project for Basic Research in Yunnan(grant no.202201AT070266)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81860680)。
文摘Gene duplication is assumed to be the major force driving the evolution of metabolite biosynthesis in plants.Freed from functional burdens,duplicated genes can mutate toward novelties until fixed due to selective fitness.However,the extent to which this mechanism has driven the diversification of metabolite biosynthesis remains to be tested.Here we performed comparative genomics analysis and functional characterization to evaluate the impact of gene duplication on the evolution of triterpenoid biosynthesis using Panax species as models.Wefound that whole-genome duplications(WGDs)occurred independently in Araliaceae and Apiaceae lineages.Comparative genomics revealed the evolutionary trajectories of triterpenoid biosynthesis in plants,which was mainly promoted by WGDs and tandem duplication.Lanosterol synthase(LAS)was likely derived from a tandemduplicate of cycloartenol synthase that predated the emergence of Nymphaeales.Under episodic diversifying selection,the LAS gene duplicates produced by g whole-genome triplication have given rise to triterpene biosynthesis in core eudicots through neofunctionalization.Moreover,functional characterization revealed that oxidosqualene cyclases(OSCs)responsible for synthesizing dammarane-type triterpenes in Panax species were also capable of producing ocotilloltype triterpenes.Genomic and biochemical evidence suggested that Panax genes encoding the above OSCs originated from the specialization of one OSC gene duplicate produced from a recent WGD shared by Araliaceae(Pg-b).Our results reveal the crucial role of gene duplication in diversification of triterpenoid biosynthesis in plants and provide insight into the origin of ocotillol-type triterpenes in Panax species.
基金Supported by The China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-21)Guangxi Innovation-Driven Development Project(GuiKe AA18242040)+2 种基金Special Foundation for National Science and Technology Basic Resources of China(2018FY100700)Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Discipline Construction Project(GZXK-Z-20-67)Bagui Scholor Program of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Research Innovation Team Project(GuiYaoChuang 2019005).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate rapid propagation systems of Gynostemma pentaphyllum.[Methods]Ten different media were tested to select the optimal media for inducing callus proliferation,bud differentiation and rooting by using tissue culture technology,with G.pentaphyllum stem segments and leaves as explants.The stem segments of G.pentaphyllum were used as explants to directly induce rooting and germination,and appropriate media were selected.[Results]The optimum callus induction medium for G.pentaphyllum stem segments was MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.4 mg/L;the optimum rooting medium for stem callus was MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L;and the optimum germination medium for stem segments was MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L.The optimum callus induction medium for G.pentaphyllum leaves was MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L;and the optimum rooting medium for leaves was MS+NAA 0.4 mg/L.The optimum rooting medium for G.pentaphyllum stem segments was MS+IAA 1.0 mg/L,with which the rooting rate was 100%,the average root length was about 3 cm,and the average number of sprouts per explant was 1.48,so it is the optimal condition.[Conclusions]This study provides a new method for in-vitro cultivation of G.pentaphyllum and has far-reaching significance for improving human health.
基金supported by the Funding for Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation in Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (BCXJ10-10)the National Hi-Tech Research & Development Program of China (2007AA04Z201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60910007, 50705043, 50975140 and 30700068)
文摘The study of the movement behavior of geckos on a vertical surface, including the measurement and recording of the reaction forces as they move in different directions, plays an important role in understanding the mechanics of the animals' locomotion. This study provides inspiration for the design of a control system for a bionics robot. The three-dimensional reaction forces of vertical surface-climbing geckos (Gekko gecko) were measured using a three-dimensional force-sensors-array. The behavior of gecko as it moved on a vertical surface was recorded with a high speed camera at 215 fps and the function of each foot of a gecko are discussed in this paper. The results showed that the gecko increased its velocity of movement mainly by increasing the stride frequency in the upward, downward and leftward direction and that the speed had no significant relationship to the attachment and detachment times. The feet above the center-of-mass play a key role in supporting the body, driving locomotion and balancing overturning etc. The movement behavior and foot function of geckos change correspondingly for different conditions, which results in safe and effective free vertical locomotion. This research will be helpful in designing gecko-like robots including the selection of gait planning and its control.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.81373914)National Key Technology Support Program(No.2011BAI01B03)Guangxi Natural Science Fundation(Nos.2013GXNSFDA019021 and 2012GXNSFAA053043)
文摘Mogrosides and steroid saponins are tetracyclic triterpenoids found in Siraitia grosvenorii.Squalene synthase(SQS) and cycloartenol synthase(CAS) are key enzymes in triterpenoid and steroid biosynthesis.In this study,full-length cDNAs of SgSQS and SgCAS were cloned by a rapid amplification of cDNA-ends with polymerase chain reaction(RACE-PCR) approach.The SgSQS cDNA has a 1254 bp open reading frame(ORF) encoding 417 amino acids,and the SgCAS cDNA contains a 2298 bp ORF encoding 765 amino acids.Bioinformatic analysis showed that the deduced SgSQS protein has two transmembrane regions in the C-terminal.Both SgSQS and SgCAS have significantly higher levels in fruits than in other tissues,suggesting that steroids and mogrosides are competitors for the same precursors in fruits.Combined in silico prediction and subcellular localization,experiments in tobacco indicated that SgSQS was probably in the cytoplasm or on the cytoskeleton,and SgCAS was likely located in the nucleus or cytosol.These results will provide a foundation for further study of SgSQS and SgCAS gene functions in S.grosvenorii,and may facilitate improvements in mogroside content in fruit by regulating gene expression.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1706103)Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81830110,8181101160,81430093,81673586,81703685,81302-905,81503386,and 81373930)+4 种基金National Key Subject of Drug Innovation(Nos.2015ZX09101043-005 and 2015ZX09101043-011)TCM State Administration Subject of Public Welfare of(No.2015468004)Major Projects of Application Technology Research and Development Plan in Heilongjiang Province(No.GX16C003)TCM State Administration Subject of Public Welfare(No.2015468004),Young Talent Lift Engineering Project of China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.QNRC2-B06)Outstanding Talents Foundation of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine(No.2018jc01).
文摘Sijunzi decoction (SJZD) is a Chinese classical formula to treat spleen qi deficiency syndrome (SQDS) and has been widely used for thousands of years.However,the quality control (QC) standards of SJZD are insufficient.Chinmedomics has been designed to discover and verify bioactive compounds of a variety of formularapidly.In this study,we used Chinmedomics to evaluate the SJZD's efficacy against SQDS to discover the potential quality-markers (q-markers) for QC.A total of 56 compounds in SJZD were characterized in vitro,and 23 compounds were discovered in vivo.A total of 58 biomarkers were related to SQDS,and SJZD can adjust a large proportion of marker metabolites to normal level and then regulate the metabolic profile to the health status.A total of 10 constituents were absorbed as effective ingredients that were associated with overall efficacy.We preliminarily determined malonyl-ginsenoside Rb2 and ginsenoside Ro as the q-markers of ginseng;dehydrotumulosic acid and dihydroxy lanostene-triene-21-acid as the q-markers of poria;glycyrrhizic acid,isoglabrolide,and glycyrrhetnic acid as the q-markers of licorice;and 2-atractylenolide as the q-marker of macrocephala.According to the discovery of the SJZD q-markers,we can establish the quality standard that is related to efficacy.
基金supported by the State Key Research Development Program of China(2017YFC1200100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31770446,31600326,31800429,31700342,31800342,31971427,31700108,31570414)+4 种基金Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20170540)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M651720)Jiangsu Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation(1501014B)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment.
文摘Aims Projections of invasive species expansion under a warmer world often do not explicitly consider the concurring nitrogen(N)deposition.It remains largely unknown how the convoluted effect of climate warming and N deposition will shift the native and invasive species dynamics.Here,we hypothesize that the concurring in creases in N and temperature would promote growth of invasive species greater than that of native species.Methods A controlled greenhouse experiment was conducted to quantify the growth response of an invasive species(Solidago canadensis L.)and a co-existing native species(Artemisia argyi Levi,et Van)under the effects of climate warming,N deposition and their interactions.Important Findings Due to the strong positive effect of N addition,the interactive effect of temperature increase and N addition resulted in an overall significant increase in growth of both in vasive and native species,demonstrating that these manipulations may make microhabitats more favorable to plant growth.However,the relative increases in biomass,height and diameter of invasive S.canadensis were signifiesntly lower than those of native A.argyi.This suggests that the vegetative growth superiority of invasive S.canadensis over the native species A.argyi is reduced by the enhanced N availability in the warmer world.Therefore,the inclusion of N deposition may mitigate the projection of invasive species S.canadensis expansion under climate warming.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81373914,81573521 and31400275)Program for Innovation Research Team(No.IT1306)of Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
文摘CYP450 plays an essential role in the development and growth of the fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii. However, little is known about the SgCYP450-4 gene in S. grosvenorii. Here, based on transcriptome data, a full-length c DNA sequence of SgCYP450-4 was cloned by reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and rapid-amplification of c DNA ends(RACE) strategies. SgCYP450-4 is 1677 bp in length(Gen Bank accession No. AEM42985.1) and contains a complete open reading frame(ORF) of 1422 bp. The deduced protein was composed of 473 amino acids, the molecular weight is 54.01 kDa, the theoretical isoelectric point(PI) is 8.8, and the protein was predicted to possess cytochrome P450 domains. SgCYP450-4 gene was highly expressed in root, diploid fruit and fruit treated with hormone and pollination. At 10 days after treatment with pollination and hormones, the expression of SgCYP450-4had the highest level and then decreased over time, which was consistent with the development of fruits of S.Grosvenorii. Hormonal treatment could significantly induce the expression of SgCYP450-4. These results provide a reference for regulation of fruit development and the use of parthenocarpy to generate seedless fruit, and provide a scientific basis for the production of growth regulator application agents.
文摘To search for new and bioactive constituents from traditional Chinese medicines, a new steroidal saponin, named vernonioside G （1）, was isolated from the roots of Vernonia cumingiana Benth. （Compositae）. The structure of vernonioside G was elucidated using spectral methods, particularly two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Together with the new compound, eight known compounds were also isolated and identified from the roots of V. cumingiana, among which, VE-1 （2） and 24-methylenelanost-9（11）- en-3β-ol acetate （3） were assigned NMR data for the first time and compound 3 was obtained as a natural product from a plant for the first time.
