The title complex, [Sm(sal)_4(phen)_2Na]_n (Ⅰ), where Hsal=salicylic acid, phen=1, 10-phenanthroline, was synthesized by the reaction of samarium chloride with phen and Hsal in ethanol solution and its crystal struct...The title complex, [Sm(sal)_4(phen)_2Na]_n (Ⅰ), where Hsal=salicylic acid, phen=1, 10-phenanthroline, was synthesized by the reaction of samarium chloride with phen and Hsal in ethanol solution and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction. The crystal is monoclinic, space group C2/c with cell dimensions of a=2 84989 (7) nm, b=0 93347 (2) nm, c=2.27954 (5) nm, β=132.4010 (8)°, V=4.4781 (2) nm^3, Z=4, μ (Mo Kα)=13.97 cm^(-1), D_c=1.605 g·cm^(-3). The title complex is a compound, with centre of the Sm and Na atoms which are bridged by two carboxylate ligands. The structure of the complex demonstrates one-dimensional chain bridged by carboxyl groups. The fluorescence spectrum of the complex indicates that the second ligand phen shows enhancement effect on the fluorescence of the complex.展开更多
Although much progress has been made in understanding how floral organ identity is determined during the floral development, less is known about how floral organ is elaborated in the late floral developmental stages. ...Although much progress has been made in understanding how floral organ identity is determined during the floral development, less is known about how floral organ is elaborated in the late floral developmental stages. Here we describe a novel floral mutant, wrinkled petals and stamens1 （wps1）, which shows defects in the development of petals and stamens. Genetic analysis indicates that wpsl mutant is corresponding to a single recessive locus at the long arm of chromosome 3. The early development of floral organs in wpsl mutant is similar to that in wild type, and the malfunction of the mutant commences in late developmental stages, displaying a defect on the appearance of petals and stamens. In the mature flower, petals and stamen filaments in the mutant are wrinkled or folded, and the cellular morphology under L1 layer of petals and stamen filaments is abnormal. It is found that the expression patterns of floral organ identity genes are not affected in wpsl mutants compared with that of wild type, consistent with the unaltered development of all floral organs. Furthermore, the identities of epidermal cells in different type of petals are maintained. The histological analysis shows that in wpsl flowers all petals are irregularly folded, and there are knotted structures in the petals, while the shape and arrangement of inner cells are malformed and unorganized. Based on these results, we propose that Wpsl acts downstream to the class B floral organ identity genes, and functions to modulate the cellular differentiation during the late flower developmental stages.展开更多
Objective Chronic lead （Pb） exposure during development is known to produce learning deficits. Nitric oxide participates in the synaptic mechanisms involved in certain forms of learning and memory. This study was de...Objective Chronic lead （Pb） exposure during development is known to produce learning deficits. Nitric oxide participates in the synaptic mechanisms involved in certain forms of learning and memory. This study was designed to clarify whether Pb-induced impairment in learning and memory was associated with the changes of nitric oxide levels in mice brains. Methods Sixty Balb/c mice aged l0 days were chosen. A model of lead exposure was established by drinking 0.025%, 0.05% 0.075% lead acetate, respectively for 8 weeks. The controls were orally given distilled water. The ability to learn and memorize was examined by open field test, T-water maze test. In parallel with the behavioral data, NO level of hippocampus tissue was detected by biochemical assay. Results Compared with control groups, （1） the weight of 0.075% group was significantly reduced （P〈0.05）; （2） The number of times in mice attaining the required standards in T-water maze test was lower in 0.075% group （P〈0.01）. No significant difference was found between experimental and control groups in open field test （P〉0.05）; （3） NO level of mouse hippocampus tissue was decreased in 0.075% group （P〈0.01）. Conclusions The findings suggest that decreased hippocampus NO level may contribute to the Pb-induced deficits in learning and memory processes.展开更多
Many prey species detect chemical cues from predators and modify their behaviours in ways that reduce their risk ofpredation. Theory predicts that prey should modify their anti-predator responses according to the degr...Many prey species detect chemical cues from predators and modify their behaviours in ways that reduce their risk ofpredation. Theory predicts that prey should modify their anti-predator responses according to the degree of threat posed by thepredator. That is, prey should show the strongest responses to chemicals of highly dangerous prey, but should ignore or respondweakly to chemicals from non-dangerous predators. However, if anti-predator behaviours are not costly, and predators are rarelyencountered, prey may exhibit generalised antipredator behaviours to dangerous and non-dangerous predators. In Australia, mostelapid snakes eat lizards, and are therefore potentially dangerous to lizard prey. Recently, we found that the nocturnal velvetgecko Oedura lesueurii responds to chemicals from dangerous and non-dangerous elapid snakes, suggesting that it displays generalisedanti-predator behaviours to chemicals from elapid snakes. To explore the generality of this result, we videotaped the behaviourof velvet geckos in the presence of chemical cues from two small elapid snakes that rarely consume geckos: the nocturnalgolden-crowned snake Cacophis squamulosus and the diurnal marsh snake Hemiaspis signata. We also videotaped geckos in trialsinvolving unscented cards (controls) and cologne-scented cards (pungency controls). In trials involving Cacophis and Hemiaspischemicals, 50% and 63% of geckos spent long time periods (> 3 min) freezing whilst pressed flat against the substrate, respectively.Over half the geckos tested exhibited anti-predator behaviours (tail waving, tail vibration, running) in response to Cacophis(67%) or Hemiaspis (63%) chemicals. These behaviours were not observed in control or pungency control trials. Our resultssupport the idea that the velvet gecko displays generalised anti-predator responses to chemical cues from elapid snakes.Generalised responses to predator chemicals may be common in prey species that co-occur with multiple, ecologically similar,dangerous predators [Current Zoology 56 (3): 337-342, 2010].展开更多
The objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic factors controlling the chlorophyll content of rice leaf using QTL analysis. A linkage map consisting of 207 DNA markers was constructed by using 247 recomb...The objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic factors controlling the chlorophyll content of rice leaf using QTL analysis. A linkage map consisting of 207 DNA markers was constructed by using 247 recombinant inbred lines （RILs） derived from an indica-indica rice cross of Zhenshan97B×Milyang 46. In 2002 and 2003, the contents of chlorophyll a and b of the parents and the 247 RILs were measured on the top first leaf, top second leaf, and top third leaf, respectively. The software QTLMapper 1.6 was used to detect quantitative trait loci （QTLs）, additive by environment （AE） interactions, and epistatic by environment （AAE） interactions. A total of eight QTLs in four intervals were detected to have significant additive effects on chlorophyll a and b contents at different leaf positions, with 1.96-9.77% of phenotypic variation explained by a single QTL, and two QTLs with significant AE interactions were detected. Epistasis analysis detected nine significant additive-by-additive interactions on chlorophyll a and b contents, and one pair of QTLs with significant AAE interactions was detected. On comparison with QTLs for yield traits detected in the same population, it was found in many cases that the QTLs for chlorophyll a and b contents and those for yield traits were located in the same chromosome intervals.展开更多
In this paper, using the differentiability of the solution with respect to the initial value and the parameter, we present a method which, different from Liapunov's direct method. will determine the stability oj t...In this paper, using the differentiability of the solution with respect to the initial value and the parameter, we present a method which, different from Liapunov's direct method. will determine the stability oj the non-stationary solution of the initial value problem when the non-stationary solution remains unknown.展开更多
Objective: To study the correlativity between blood telomerase activity and Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) through relative quantitative analysis of telomerase activity. Methods: Thirty-eight NSCLC and 25 inpat...Objective: To study the correlativity between blood telomerase activity and Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) through relative quantitative analysis of telomerase activity. Methods: Thirty-eight NSCLC and 25 inpatients with benign lung disease were selected. Telomerase repeat amplification protocol was adopted. PCR products were assayed with ELISA. Results: (a) Blood telomerase activity during operation was higher than that before or after operation (P<0.01). (b) Blood telomerase activity after operation was higher in stage IIIa-IIIb than that in stage I-II (P<0.01). Blood telomerase activity before and during operation had no statistical difference between stage IIIa-IIIb and stage I-II (P>0.05). (c) Blood telomerase activity of adenocarcinoma during and after operation was higher than that before operation (P<0.01, P<0.05). Blood telomerase activity of squamous carcinoma during operation was higher than that before or after operation (P<0.01). (d) Blood telomerase activity after operation was higher in adenocarcinoma than that in squamous carcinoma (P<0.01). There was no statistical difference between that before and during operation (P>0.05). Conclusion: The qualitative assay of blood telomerase activity can be adopted as an assistant index for diagnosis of NSCLC. Postoperative blood telomerase activity of adenocarcinoma is higher than that of squamous carcinoma. It may be an evidence for the likelihood of adenocarcinoma to metastase through blood. Blood telomerase activity increases significantly during operation, suggesting that operation may cause more cancer cells entering into circulation.展开更多
objective:The effects of different chitosan on preventing traumatic peritoneal adhesion in rats was studied in this paper. METHODS: 96 SD rats with injured vermiform process were randomly divided into 4 groups as foll...objective:The effects of different chitosan on preventing traumatic peritoneal adhesion in rats was studied in this paper. METHODS: 96 SD rats with injured vermiform process were randomly divided into 4 groups as follows: group A without any treatment as control, group B treated with chitosan gel, group C treated with pure chitosan film and group D treated with chiston film containing 50% gelatin. 2 and 4 weeks after surgery, 12 rats in each group were respectively belly opened to observe chitosan degradation and evaluate peritoneal adhesion, and the adhesive vermiform processes tissues were histopathologically observed. RESULTS: 1.Degradation in the group D was faster than that in the group C but slower than that in the group B. 2. 2 weeks after surgery the adhesion in the group B was milder than that in the control group(goup A) (P<0.05), but that in the group C and D (both P<0.05) were more severe than that in the control group . 3. 4 weeks after surgery , the adhesion in the group B was milder than that in the control group (P<0.05), but that in the group C and D (both P<0.05) were more severe than that in the control group , whereas, there was no significant difference between adhesion in the group C and group D (P>0.05). 4.Histopathological examinaiton indicated that: 2 weeks after surgery ,inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroplastic proliferation dominated in local lesion and the response was most severe on the serous coat, furthermore, the response in the control group was more severe than that in the group B, but milder than that in the group C and D; 4 weeks after surgery, fibroplastic proliferation dominated in local lesion in each group , moreover, the response in the control group was more severe than that in the group B but milder than that in the group C and D. What’s more, integrated fibrous membrane formed around implanted materials in the group C and D, and the fibrous membranes were thinner in the group C than that in the group D. CONCLUSION: 1.Chitosan gel has perfect effect in protecting traumatic peritoneal adhesion in rats. 2.Pure chitosan film could exacerbate peritoneal adhesion and chitosan containing gelatin could exacerbate peritoneal adhesion further.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of mild hypothermia on severe traumatic brain injury.Methods: Eighty-six in-patients with severe traumatic brain injury treated ordinarily were consecutively randomized...Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of mild hypothermia on severe traumatic brain injury.Methods: Eighty-six in-patients with severe traumatic brain injury treated ordinarily were consecutively randomized into two groups: a hypothermia group (n=43) and a normothermia group (the control group, n=43). In the hypothermia group, the core temperature ( i.e., nasopharyngeal or brain temperature) of the patient was reduced to and maintained at 33-35℃ with a systemic cooling blanket. Natural rewarming began after 3-5 days (mean: 4.3 days) of hypothermia treatment. In the control group, the patient received no hypothermia treatment. The vital sign, extradural pressure and serum superoxide dismutase were observed and measured during treatment, and the complications as well as the Glasgow outcome scale were evaluated at 2 years after injury.Results: The mean extradural pressure in the hypothermia group ( 27.38 mm Hg± 4.88 mm Hg at 24 hours, 29.40 mm Hg± 4.50 mm Hg at 48 hours and 26.40 mm Hg± 4.13 mm Hg at 72 hours after injury) was much lower than that in the control group ( 32.63 mm Hg± 3.00 mm Hg, 34.80 mm Hg± 6.00 mm Hg and 31.81 mm Hg± 4.50 mm Hg respectively at 24, 48 and 72 hours, P< 0.05). The mean serum superoxide dismutase levels in the hypothermia group on days 3 and 7 ( 583.7 μg/L± 99.6 μg/L and 699.4 μg/L± 217.3 μg/L, respectively) were much higher than those in the control group at the same time period ( 446.6 μg/L± 79.5 μg/L and 497.1 μg/L± 101.2 μg/L, respectively, P< 0.01). The recovery rates at 2 years after injury were 65.1% in the hypothermia group and 37.2% in the control group (P< 0.05). The mortality rates were 25.6% in the hypothermia group and 51.2% in the control group (P< 0.05). The complications, including pulmonary infections, thrombocytopenia (platelet count <100× 109/L), hemorrhage in the digestive tract, electrolyte disorders and renal malfunction, were managed without severe sequelae .Conclusions: Mild hypothermia is a safe and effective therapeutic method, which can lower the extradural pressure, increase the serum superoxide dismutase and improve the neurological outcomes without severe complications in the patients with severe traumatic brain injury.展开更多
In this paper, both low order and high order extensions of the Iyengar type inequality are obtained. Such extensions are the best possible in the same sense as that of the Iyengar inequality. hzrthermore, the Chebyshe...In this paper, both low order and high order extensions of the Iyengar type inequality are obtained. Such extensions are the best possible in the same sense as that of the Iyengar inequality. hzrthermore, the Chebyshev central algorithms of integrals for some function classes and some related problems are also considered and investigated.展开更多
To investigate the clinical characteristics and significance of thrombocytopenia after therapeutic hypothermia in severe traumatic brain injury （TBI）. Methods： Ninety-six .inpatients with severe brain injury were ...To investigate the clinical characteristics and significance of thrombocytopenia after therapeutic hypothermia in severe traumatic brain injury （TBI）. Methods： Ninety-six .inpatients with severe brain injury were randomized into three groups： SBC （ selective brain cooling ） group （ n =24）, MSH （ mild systemic hypothermia ） group （ n = 30）, and control （normothermia） group （n=42）. The platelet counts and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed. Results： Thrombocytopenia was present in 18 （75 % ）, 23 （ 77 % ） and 15 （36 % ） patients in SBC group, MSH group and control group, respectively （P 〈0.01 ）. Thrombocytopenia, in which the minimum platelet count was seen 3 days after hypothermia, showed no significant difference between SBC and MSH group （P 〉 0.05 ）. Most platelet counts （37 cases, 90% ） in hypothermia group were returned to normal level after 1 to 2 days of natural rewarming. The platelet count in SBC group reduced by 16%, 27% and 29% at day 1, 3 and 5 respectively compared with the baseline value. Good recovery （ GOS score 4-5 ） rate of thrombocytopenia 1 year after injury for hypothermia group （ 17 cases, 37 % ） was significantly lower than that of control group （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclnsions： Therapeutic hypothermia increases the incidence of thrombocytopenia in severe TBI, and patients with thrombocytopenia after therapeutic hypothermia are associated with unfavorable neurological prognosis.展开更多
Background Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma （PPARγ） is a kind of ligand-activated transcription factors binding to peroxisome proliferator response element （PPRE）, a specific recognition site. It ...Background Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma （PPARγ） is a kind of ligand-activated transcription factors binding to peroxisome proliferator response element （PPRE）, a specific recognition site. It is thought to play a critical role in glucose and lipid metabolism and in inflammation control. The aim of this study was to establish a new cellular model for the quick screening of lipid-lowering drugs, which may be effective as PPAR-γ ligands on the PPRE-mediated pathway regulatory system. Methods Two plasmids were constructed： pXOE-PPARγ, in which the human PPARγ gene was in the downstream of TF Ⅲ A gene promoter, and pLXRN-PPRE-d2EGFP, in which the enhanced green fluorescent protein （EGFP） gene was subcloned into PPRE. The xenopus oocytes were injected with these two plamids, and consequently treated with prostaglandin E1, pioglitazone, and different kinds of lipid-lowering drugs. After 3 days, the oocytes were observed under a fluorescence microscope. To confirm the drug action,we injected pXOE- PPARγ plasmid into the oocytes, which then treated with prostaglandin E1 and Hawthorn flavonoids. The mass of expressed lipoprotein lipase （LPL） in the cells was determined by enzyme labeling linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Results The expression of EGFP was only induced by prostagalandin E1, pioglitazone, Hawthorn flavonoids. A concentration-response relationship was seen between expressed EGFP and Hawthorn flawonids. The levels of LPL in both Hawthorn flaworvoids groups and PPARγ ligand prostagalandin E1 group injected with pXOE-PPARγ plamid increased significantly （ P 〈 0. 001 ） compared with controls, and a cocentration-response relationship was observed between LPL mass and Hawthorn flavonoids. Conclusions It is possible to establish a PPRE regulatory EGFP reporter system in xenopus oocytes to monitor the activity of PPARγ ligand. Hawthorn flavonoids can in increase the expression of gene downsteam of PPRE by effect on the PPRE pathway regulatory system.展开更多
Let X be a Banach space, H a subspace of X, M an n-dimensional subspace of H and D a linear operator from H to X. R. Whitley raised the question how to calculate the following numbers:
Let f（n）denote the number of factorizations of the natural number n into factors larger than 1, not considering the order of the factors. We call each of these factorizations a multiplicative partition of n, or simp...Let f（n）denote the number of factorizations of the natural number n into factors larger than 1, not considering the order of the factors. We call each of these factorizations a multiplicative partition of n, or simply, partition. Also let f（1）=1. On the upper bound of f（n）, J. F. Hughes and J. O. Shallit proved that f（n）≤2n<sup>2<sup>1/2</sup></sup> and mentioned two conjectures:展开更多
We denote by Γ(α) the set of vertices adjacent to α, by |M|the number of elements of M. Definition. A. graph G is called strong (l, m, n) regular if it is l-regular and (?)α,
基金Project supported by the Science Planning Project of Zhejiang Province (2003G10006) and the Science and Research Planning Project of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department (0424XP18)
文摘The title complex, [Sm(sal)_4(phen)_2Na]_n (Ⅰ), where Hsal=salicylic acid, phen=1, 10-phenanthroline, was synthesized by the reaction of samarium chloride with phen and Hsal in ethanol solution and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction. The crystal is monoclinic, space group C2/c with cell dimensions of a=2 84989 (7) nm, b=0 93347 (2) nm, c=2.27954 (5) nm, β=132.4010 (8)°, V=4.4781 (2) nm^3, Z=4, μ (Mo Kα)=13.97 cm^(-1), D_c=1.605 g·cm^(-3). The title complex is a compound, with centre of the Sm and Na atoms which are bridged by two carboxylate ligands. The structure of the complex demonstrates one-dimensional chain bridged by carboxyl groups. The fluorescence spectrum of the complex indicates that the second ligand phen shows enhancement effect on the fluorescence of the complex.
基金The authors thank Mr Qin Peng Mong, Xiao Feng Li, Satoshi Tabata, Shusei Sato and Jun Yang for their help to conduct the experiment, and Dr Liang Huang for helpful revision of the manuscript. This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 30430330）.
文摘Although much progress has been made in understanding how floral organ identity is determined during the floral development, less is known about how floral organ is elaborated in the late floral developmental stages. Here we describe a novel floral mutant, wrinkled petals and stamens1 （wps1）, which shows defects in the development of petals and stamens. Genetic analysis indicates that wpsl mutant is corresponding to a single recessive locus at the long arm of chromosome 3. The early development of floral organs in wpsl mutant is similar to that in wild type, and the malfunction of the mutant commences in late developmental stages, displaying a defect on the appearance of petals and stamens. In the mature flower, petals and stamen filaments in the mutant are wrinkled or folded, and the cellular morphology under L1 layer of petals and stamen filaments is abnormal. It is found that the expression patterns of floral organ identity genes are not affected in wpsl mutants compared with that of wild type, consistent with the unaltered development of all floral organs. Furthermore, the identities of epidermal cells in different type of petals are maintained. The histological analysis shows that in wpsl flowers all petals are irregularly folded, and there are knotted structures in the petals, while the shape and arrangement of inner cells are malformed and unorganized. Based on these results, we propose that Wpsl acts downstream to the class B floral organ identity genes, and functions to modulate the cellular differentiation during the late flower developmental stages.
文摘Objective Chronic lead （Pb） exposure during development is known to produce learning deficits. Nitric oxide participates in the synaptic mechanisms involved in certain forms of learning and memory. This study was designed to clarify whether Pb-induced impairment in learning and memory was associated with the changes of nitric oxide levels in mice brains. Methods Sixty Balb/c mice aged l0 days were chosen. A model of lead exposure was established by drinking 0.025%, 0.05% 0.075% lead acetate, respectively for 8 weeks. The controls were orally given distilled water. The ability to learn and memorize was examined by open field test, T-water maze test. In parallel with the behavioral data, NO level of hippocampus tissue was detected by biochemical assay. Results Compared with control groups, （1） the weight of 0.075% group was significantly reduced （P〈0.05）; （2） The number of times in mice attaining the required standards in T-water maze test was lower in 0.075% group （P〈0.01）. No significant difference was found between experimental and control groups in open field test （P〉0.05）; （3） NO level of mouse hippocampus tissue was decreased in 0.075% group （P〈0.01）. Conclusions The findings suggest that decreased hippocampus NO level may contribute to the Pb-induced deficits in learning and memory processes.
基金the bao foundationAustralian Research Council Provided Financial Assistance
文摘Many prey species detect chemical cues from predators and modify their behaviours in ways that reduce their risk ofpredation. Theory predicts that prey should modify their anti-predator responses according to the degree of threat posed by thepredator. That is, prey should show the strongest responses to chemicals of highly dangerous prey, but should ignore or respondweakly to chemicals from non-dangerous predators. However, if anti-predator behaviours are not costly, and predators are rarelyencountered, prey may exhibit generalised antipredator behaviours to dangerous and non-dangerous predators. In Australia, mostelapid snakes eat lizards, and are therefore potentially dangerous to lizard prey. Recently, we found that the nocturnal velvetgecko Oedura lesueurii responds to chemicals from dangerous and non-dangerous elapid snakes, suggesting that it displays generalisedanti-predator behaviours to chemicals from elapid snakes. To explore the generality of this result, we videotaped the behaviourof velvet geckos in the presence of chemical cues from two small elapid snakes that rarely consume geckos: the nocturnalgolden-crowned snake Cacophis squamulosus and the diurnal marsh snake Hemiaspis signata. We also videotaped geckos in trialsinvolving unscented cards (controls) and cologne-scented cards (pungency controls). In trials involving Cacophis and Hemiaspischemicals, 50% and 63% of geckos spent long time periods (> 3 min) freezing whilst pressed flat against the substrate, respectively.Over half the geckos tested exhibited anti-predator behaviours (tail waving, tail vibration, running) in response to Cacophis(67%) or Hemiaspis (63%) chemicals. These behaviours were not observed in control or pungency control trials. Our resultssupport the idea that the velvet gecko displays generalised anti-predator responses to chemical cues from elapid snakes.Generalised responses to predator chemicals may be common in prey species that co-occur with multiple, ecologically similar,dangerous predators [Current Zoology 56 (3): 337-342, 2010].
基金supported by the National 863 Program(2003AA207030)the Key Program of Zhejiang Province,China(010007015)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2003034232).
文摘The objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic factors controlling the chlorophyll content of rice leaf using QTL analysis. A linkage map consisting of 207 DNA markers was constructed by using 247 recombinant inbred lines （RILs） derived from an indica-indica rice cross of Zhenshan97B×Milyang 46. In 2002 and 2003, the contents of chlorophyll a and b of the parents and the 247 RILs were measured on the top first leaf, top second leaf, and top third leaf, respectively. The software QTLMapper 1.6 was used to detect quantitative trait loci （QTLs）, additive by environment （AE） interactions, and epistatic by environment （AAE） interactions. A total of eight QTLs in four intervals were detected to have significant additive effects on chlorophyll a and b contents at different leaf positions, with 1.96-9.77% of phenotypic variation explained by a single QTL, and two QTLs with significant AE interactions were detected. Epistasis analysis detected nine significant additive-by-additive interactions on chlorophyll a and b contents, and one pair of QTLs with significant AAE interactions was detected. On comparison with QTLs for yield traits detected in the same population, it was found in many cases that the QTLs for chlorophyll a and b contents and those for yield traits were located in the same chromosome intervals.
文摘In this paper, using the differentiability of the solution with respect to the initial value and the parameter, we present a method which, different from Liapunov's direct method. will determine the stability oj the non-stationary solution of the initial value problem when the non-stationary solution remains unknown.
基金This work was supported by ZhejiangProvincial Natural Science Foundation (No. M303778).
文摘Objective: To study the correlativity between blood telomerase activity and Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) through relative quantitative analysis of telomerase activity. Methods: Thirty-eight NSCLC and 25 inpatients with benign lung disease were selected. Telomerase repeat amplification protocol was adopted. PCR products were assayed with ELISA. Results: (a) Blood telomerase activity during operation was higher than that before or after operation (P<0.01). (b) Blood telomerase activity after operation was higher in stage IIIa-IIIb than that in stage I-II (P<0.01). Blood telomerase activity before and during operation had no statistical difference between stage IIIa-IIIb and stage I-II (P>0.05). (c) Blood telomerase activity of adenocarcinoma during and after operation was higher than that before operation (P<0.01, P<0.05). Blood telomerase activity of squamous carcinoma during operation was higher than that before or after operation (P<0.01). (d) Blood telomerase activity after operation was higher in adenocarcinoma than that in squamous carcinoma (P<0.01). There was no statistical difference between that before and during operation (P>0.05). Conclusion: The qualitative assay of blood telomerase activity can be adopted as an assistant index for diagnosis of NSCLC. Postoperative blood telomerase activity of adenocarcinoma is higher than that of squamous carcinoma. It may be an evidence for the likelihood of adenocarcinoma to metastase through blood. Blood telomerase activity increases significantly during operation, suggesting that operation may cause more cancer cells entering into circulation.
文摘objective:The effects of different chitosan on preventing traumatic peritoneal adhesion in rats was studied in this paper. METHODS: 96 SD rats with injured vermiform process were randomly divided into 4 groups as follows: group A without any treatment as control, group B treated with chitosan gel, group C treated with pure chitosan film and group D treated with chiston film containing 50% gelatin. 2 and 4 weeks after surgery, 12 rats in each group were respectively belly opened to observe chitosan degradation and evaluate peritoneal adhesion, and the adhesive vermiform processes tissues were histopathologically observed. RESULTS: 1.Degradation in the group D was faster than that in the group C but slower than that in the group B. 2. 2 weeks after surgery the adhesion in the group B was milder than that in the control group(goup A) (P<0.05), but that in the group C and D (both P<0.05) were more severe than that in the control group . 3. 4 weeks after surgery , the adhesion in the group B was milder than that in the control group (P<0.05), but that in the group C and D (both P<0.05) were more severe than that in the control group , whereas, there was no significant difference between adhesion in the group C and group D (P>0.05). 4.Histopathological examinaiton indicated that: 2 weeks after surgery ,inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroplastic proliferation dominated in local lesion and the response was most severe on the serous coat, furthermore, the response in the control group was more severe than that in the group B, but milder than that in the group C and D; 4 weeks after surgery, fibroplastic proliferation dominated in local lesion in each group , moreover, the response in the control group was more severe than that in the group B but milder than that in the group C and D. What’s more, integrated fibrous membrane formed around implanted materials in the group C and D, and the fibrous membranes were thinner in the group C than that in the group D. CONCLUSION: 1.Chitosan gel has perfect effect in protecting traumatic peritoneal adhesion in rats. 2.Pure chitosan film could exacerbate peritoneal adhesion and chitosan containing gelatin could exacerbate peritoneal adhesion further.
文摘Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of mild hypothermia on severe traumatic brain injury.Methods: Eighty-six in-patients with severe traumatic brain injury treated ordinarily were consecutively randomized into two groups: a hypothermia group (n=43) and a normothermia group (the control group, n=43). In the hypothermia group, the core temperature ( i.e., nasopharyngeal or brain temperature) of the patient was reduced to and maintained at 33-35℃ with a systemic cooling blanket. Natural rewarming began after 3-5 days (mean: 4.3 days) of hypothermia treatment. In the control group, the patient received no hypothermia treatment. The vital sign, extradural pressure and serum superoxide dismutase were observed and measured during treatment, and the complications as well as the Glasgow outcome scale were evaluated at 2 years after injury.Results: The mean extradural pressure in the hypothermia group ( 27.38 mm Hg± 4.88 mm Hg at 24 hours, 29.40 mm Hg± 4.50 mm Hg at 48 hours and 26.40 mm Hg± 4.13 mm Hg at 72 hours after injury) was much lower than that in the control group ( 32.63 mm Hg± 3.00 mm Hg, 34.80 mm Hg± 6.00 mm Hg and 31.81 mm Hg± 4.50 mm Hg respectively at 24, 48 and 72 hours, P< 0.05). The mean serum superoxide dismutase levels in the hypothermia group on days 3 and 7 ( 583.7 μg/L± 99.6 μg/L and 699.4 μg/L± 217.3 μg/L, respectively) were much higher than those in the control group at the same time period ( 446.6 μg/L± 79.5 μg/L and 497.1 μg/L± 101.2 μg/L, respectively, P< 0.01). The recovery rates at 2 years after injury were 65.1% in the hypothermia group and 37.2% in the control group (P< 0.05). The mortality rates were 25.6% in the hypothermia group and 51.2% in the control group (P< 0.05). The complications, including pulmonary infections, thrombocytopenia (platelet count <100× 109/L), hemorrhage in the digestive tract, electrolyte disorders and renal malfunction, were managed without severe sequelae .Conclusions: Mild hypothermia is a safe and effective therapeutic method, which can lower the extradural pressure, increase the serum superoxide dismutase and improve the neurological outcomes without severe complications in the patients with severe traumatic brain injury.
基金the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Projects (Grant No.G19990328) National Science Foundation of China (Grant No.10471128)
文摘In this paper, both low order and high order extensions of the Iyengar type inequality are obtained. Such extensions are the best possible in the same sense as that of the Iyengar inequality. hzrthermore, the Chebyshev central algorithms of integrals for some function classes and some related problems are also considered and investigated.
文摘To investigate the clinical characteristics and significance of thrombocytopenia after therapeutic hypothermia in severe traumatic brain injury （TBI）. Methods： Ninety-six .inpatients with severe brain injury were randomized into three groups： SBC （ selective brain cooling ） group （ n =24）, MSH （ mild systemic hypothermia ） group （ n = 30）, and control （normothermia） group （n=42）. The platelet counts and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed. Results： Thrombocytopenia was present in 18 （75 % ）, 23 （ 77 % ） and 15 （36 % ） patients in SBC group, MSH group and control group, respectively （P 〈0.01 ）. Thrombocytopenia, in which the minimum platelet count was seen 3 days after hypothermia, showed no significant difference between SBC and MSH group （P 〉 0.05 ）. Most platelet counts （37 cases, 90% ） in hypothermia group were returned to normal level after 1 to 2 days of natural rewarming. The platelet count in SBC group reduced by 16%, 27% and 29% at day 1, 3 and 5 respectively compared with the baseline value. Good recovery （ GOS score 4-5 ） rate of thrombocytopenia 1 year after injury for hypothermia group （ 17 cases, 37 % ） was significantly lower than that of control group （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclnsions： Therapeutic hypothermia increases the incidence of thrombocytopenia in severe TBI, and patients with thrombocytopenia after therapeutic hypothermia are associated with unfavorable neurological prognosis.
文摘Background Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma （PPARγ） is a kind of ligand-activated transcription factors binding to peroxisome proliferator response element （PPRE）, a specific recognition site. It is thought to play a critical role in glucose and lipid metabolism and in inflammation control. The aim of this study was to establish a new cellular model for the quick screening of lipid-lowering drugs, which may be effective as PPAR-γ ligands on the PPRE-mediated pathway regulatory system. Methods Two plasmids were constructed： pXOE-PPARγ, in which the human PPARγ gene was in the downstream of TF Ⅲ A gene promoter, and pLXRN-PPRE-d2EGFP, in which the enhanced green fluorescent protein （EGFP） gene was subcloned into PPRE. The xenopus oocytes were injected with these two plamids, and consequently treated with prostaglandin E1, pioglitazone, and different kinds of lipid-lowering drugs. After 3 days, the oocytes were observed under a fluorescence microscope. To confirm the drug action,we injected pXOE- PPARγ plasmid into the oocytes, which then treated with prostaglandin E1 and Hawthorn flavonoids. The mass of expressed lipoprotein lipase （LPL） in the cells was determined by enzyme labeling linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Results The expression of EGFP was only induced by prostagalandin E1, pioglitazone, Hawthorn flavonoids. A concentration-response relationship was seen between expressed EGFP and Hawthorn flawonids. The levels of LPL in both Hawthorn flaworvoids groups and PPARγ ligand prostagalandin E1 group injected with pXOE-PPARγ plamid increased significantly （ P 〈 0. 001 ） compared with controls, and a cocentration-response relationship was observed between LPL mass and Hawthorn flavonoids. Conclusions It is possible to establish a PPRE regulatory EGFP reporter system in xenopus oocytes to monitor the activity of PPARγ ligand. Hawthorn flavonoids can in increase the expression of gene downsteam of PPRE by effect on the PPRE pathway regulatory system.
基金Project supported by the Science Fund of Academia Sinica.
文摘Let X be a Banach space, H a subspace of X, M an n-dimensional subspace of H and D a linear operator from H to X. R. Whitley raised the question how to calculate the following numbers:
文摘Let f（n）denote the number of factorizations of the natural number n into factors larger than 1, not considering the order of the factors. We call each of these factorizations a multiplicative partition of n, or simply, partition. Also let f（1）=1. On the upper bound of f（n）, J. F. Hughes and J. O. Shallit proved that f（n）≤2n<sup>2<sup>1/2</sup></sup> and mentioned two conjectures:
文摘We denote by Γ(α) the set of vertices adjacent to α, by |M|the number of elements of M. Definition. A. graph G is called strong (l, m, n) regular if it is l-regular and (?)α,
