Based on provincial panel data in China from 2008 to 2019, this research takes the issuance of China's green bond as a quasi-natural experiment to explore whether China's regional green finance development pro...Based on provincial panel data in China from 2008 to 2019, this research takes the issuance of China's green bond as a quasi-natural experiment to explore whether China's regional green finance development promotes local green innovation by using the multi-period DID model. The results show that the regional green financial development can promote local green innovation, and the rapid growth of the green bond market driven by policy does improve environmental sound technology innovation. The promotion of regional green finance development to local green innovation is related to the funds allocation of green credit,but not to the issuance scale of green bonds, according to further analysis, because China's development pattern can lead to a lack of endogenous market power and low credit resource allocation efficiency. In addition, the issuance of green bonds can effectively promote the allocation of green credit funds, thus enhancing the local green innovation level, but it can't reduce local carbon emissions through promoting green innovation. Therefore, the government should strengthen the green finance implementation assessment mechanism, taking into account the heterogeneity of regions and enterprises, complete the green finance monitoring and disclosure system, and increase the rate of green technology conversion.展开更多
With SPSS16.0 software, this paper chooses the statistical data of 11 cities in Hebei province to empirically study the agri-food logistics capability based on the method of factor analysis, and finally obtains the ra...With SPSS16.0 software, this paper chooses the statistical data of 11 cities in Hebei province to empirically study the agri-food logistics capability based on the method of factor analysis, and finally obtains the ranking of the 11 cities. It shows that, factor-cluster analysis is an effective method to analyze the logistics capability of agri-food. It can simplify the original complicated problem and lead to an objective, reliable and convincing conclusion.展开更多
This paper is concerned with the following nonlinear difference equation:x_(n+1)=sum from i=1 to l A_(s_i)x_(n-s_i)/B+C multiply from j=1 to k x_(n-t_j) +D_x_n,n=0,1,…(1.1).The more simple suffcient conditions of asy...This paper is concerned with the following nonlinear difference equation:x_(n+1)=sum from i=1 to l A_(s_i)x_(n-s_i)/B+C multiply from j=1 to k x_(n-t_j) +D_x_n,n=0,1,…(1.1).The more simple suffcient conditions of asymptotic stability are obtained by using a smart technique,which extends and includes partially corresponding results obtained in the references [6-9].The global behavior of the solutions is investigated.In addition,in order to support analytic results,some numerical simulations to the special equations are presented.展开更多
This paper introduces the origin of Inclusive Financial System, summarizes the basic theories and views on inclusive financial system development and poverty reduction from experts and scholars at home and abroad. The...This paper introduces the origin of Inclusive Financial System, summarizes the basic theories and views on inclusive financial system development and poverty reduction from experts and scholars at home and abroad. The paper establishes a theoretical analysis framework which impacts poor family income gap by using exponential smoothing method. The government should improve the credit market in poverty- stricken area by the way of macro-management to establish inclusive financial system, to overcome the difficulty of poor farmers＇ credit, to make more poor families to obtain credit opportunities.展开更多
This paper is concerned with the following rational difference equation xn+1=axn-bxn-1+ex2n/(cXn+dxn-1), with the initial conditions x-1 , x0 ∈ (0, +∞) and a, b, c, d, e ∈ R+ . Locally asymptotically stability, glo...This paper is concerned with the following rational difference equation xn+1=axn-bxn-1+ex2n/(cXn+dxn-1), with the initial conditions x-1 , x0 ∈ (0, +∞) and a, b, c, d, e ∈ R+ . Locally asymptotically stability, global attractively and boundedness character of the equilibrium point of the equation are investigated. Moreover, simulation is shown to support the results.展开更多
This paper is concerned with the boundedness and asymptotic behavior of positive solutions for a generalized difference equation arising from automatic control theory. The main results improve and extend the ones in t...This paper is concerned with the boundedness and asymptotic behavior of positive solutions for a generalized difference equation arising from automatic control theory. The main results improve and extend the ones in the previous works to a large extent. One in particular is that Rouche's theorem is available to prove the convergence of solutions.展开更多
Equity financing and debt financing are the main financing methods for small and medium sized enterprises. Based onthe samples of small and medium-sized enterprises listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange during 2010 an...Equity financing and debt financing are the main financing methods for small and medium sized enterprises. Based onthe samples of small and medium-sized enterprises listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange during 2010 and 2015, we collected theturnover data and studied the influence factors in financing and constraints. The results show that science and technology enterpriseshave different tendency in equity financing in different stages of social development. In the stage of social currency additional, theseenterprises tend to debt finaneing. Besides, those science and teehnology enterprises with better ability in sustainable development andinnovation ability are easier to get equity investment; those enterprises with more enterprise strength and government subsidies seemedmore sueeessfully in obtaining debt investment.展开更多
This paper calculates the urban, rural and general Gini coefficients （hereinafter referred to as GC） of household income in 27provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions of China between 1995 and 2010 using GC ...This paper calculates the urban, rural and general Gini coefficients （hereinafter referred to as GC） of household income in 27provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions of China between 1995 and 2010 using GC calculation formulas. After calculating the GCs, this paper analyzes their trends using density function estimation in nonparametric econometrics. The results show that the GCs of household income in provincial regions tend to rise from coastal regions to inland regions. In other words, the GCs of household income in the regions tend to rise from the east to the west and they appear to be concentrated and region-specific. A discriminate analysis of economic growth and income distribution in the provincial regions by income level and GC also shows a regional characteristic, consistent with the division of eastern, central and western China and that as one analyzes household income from the east to the west, income distribution becomes more unequal and income level becomes lower.展开更多
In the context of the information age, with the causes of the financial deregulation of the bank in the financial industry competition intensifies, the communication of science and technology advancement, there are in...In the context of the information age, with the causes of the financial deregulation of the bank in the financial industry competition intensifies, the communication of science and technology advancement, there are innovative financial instruments to achieve orgasm. With that, comes the increased risk of commercial banks. China＇ s banking innovation started late, but rapidly develops. More seriously, in the development of the innovation process, there is not enough emphasis on the legal risk, which causes great risks.展开更多
In recent years, a growing number of math contents are available on the Web. When conventional search engines deal with mathematical expressions, the two-dimen- sion-al structure of mathematical expressions is lost, w...In recent years, a growing number of math contents are available on the Web. When conventional search engines deal with mathematical expressions, the two-dimen- sion-al structure of mathematical expressions is lost, which results in a low performance of math retrieval. While the retrieval technology specifically designed for mathematical expressions is not mature currently. Aiming at these problems, an improved mathematical expression indexing and matching method was proposed through employing full text index method to deal with the two-dimensional structure of mathematical expressions. Firstly, through the fully consideration of LaTeX formulae’ characteristics, a feature representation method of mathematical expressions and a clustering method of feature keywords were put forward. Then, an improved inter-relevant successive trees index model was applied to the construction of the mathematical expression index, in which the cluster algorithm of mathematical expression features was employed to solve the problem of the quantity growth of the trees in processing large amount of formulae. Finally, the matching algorithms of mathematical expressions were given which provide four query modes called exact matching, compatible matching, sub-expression matching and fuzzy matching. In browser/server mode, 110027 formulae were used as experimental samples. The index file size was 29.02 Mb. The average time of retrieval was 1.092 seconds. The experimental result shows the effectiveness of the method.展开更多
The development of Backward Stochastic Differential Equation Theory is just a thing happened in the past years. Although its development and application is far behind Forward Stochastic Differential Equation, its wide...The development of Backward Stochastic Differential Equation Theory is just a thing happened in the past years. Although its development and application is far behind Forward Stochastic Differential Equation, its wide application prospect on financial mathematics gets more and more attention. The meaning of Backward Stochastic Differential Equation is that change a already-known final （usually uncertain） goal into a present certain answer to make a present resolution. But Insurance Pricing happens to know the final result, it＇ s certain that the result is uncertain, that is to say, to get out of danger or not. And then make present insurance price according to the future uncertain result. The Insurance Pricing just follows the meaning of Backward Stochastic Differential Equation. Insurance Pricing itself is also a research field sprang up in past scores of years, because insurance pricing is the indisputable core of insurance work, and gets quite a few researchers＇ attention. This article adopts backward stochastic differential equation theory and do research on problem about technology insurance pricing.展开更多
Since the 18th CPC National Congress, financial reform of our country has entered the fast lane, the competition of commercial banks transit from blue sea to red sea, especially the emergence of the Intemet finance, c...Since the 18th CPC National Congress, financial reform of our country has entered the fast lane, the competition of commercial banks transit from blue sea to red sea, especially the emergence of the Intemet finance, causes huge competitive pressure on the current commercial banks. Only if commercial banks innovate on business model can they cope with today＇ s competitive market environment. This paper mainly focus on the current status quo and problems of commercial banks＇ business model, and analyzes the operation mode that commercial banks can choose, and then proposes improved countermeasures to perfect the commercial bank management pattern in the new period.展开更多
Appraisal theory, a newly developed theory, applies SFL to investigating the interpersonal meaning of language. It has been employed to analyze various kinds of text such as news, novel and advertisement. Robert Frost...Appraisal theory, a newly developed theory, applies SFL to investigating the interpersonal meaning of language. It has been employed to analyze various kinds of text such as news, novel and advertisement. Robert Frost's unique writing style and his famous poem The Road Not Taken have been analyzed from many aspects. This paper aims at demonstrating the profound intention of literary works from the perspective of appraisal theory. Meanwhile, the system of appraisal theory can be enhanced and developed through the analysis of literary works.展开更多
The present study is set in the context of ongoing educational reform that advocates fostering self-regulated learners and using assessment to improve learning.Drawing on existent research on classroom assessment(CA)a...The present study is set in the context of ongoing educational reform that advocates fostering self-regulated learners and using assessment to improve learning.Drawing on existent research on classroom assessment(CA)and self-regulated learning(SRL),the authors have formulated a conceptual framework outlining the CA features that promote SRL among students.Guided by this framework,the 12 high school teachers’CA practice was scrutinized to find out to what extent their CA was pro-SRL.Based on interview data and classroom observation,gaps were found in Chinese high school teachers’CA.First,CA tasks are primarily low-level closed-end problems,with rare exceptions.Second,students are not allowed much autonomy in CA.Third,self-assessment practice is mostly self-grading.Fourth,peer-assessment is uncommon and mainly involves simply marking peers’work.Fifth,teacher feedback is focused on task and process levels;regulation-level feedback is less common.Sixth,despite teachers’encouragement,most students feel threatened by CA.展开更多
基金supported by Hebei Province Philosophy and Social Science Project (Grant No.HB22YJ021)Hebei Province Social Science Development Research Project (Grant No.20220202156)。
文摘Based on provincial panel data in China from 2008 to 2019, this research takes the issuance of China's green bond as a quasi-natural experiment to explore whether China's regional green finance development promotes local green innovation by using the multi-period DID model. The results show that the regional green financial development can promote local green innovation, and the rapid growth of the green bond market driven by policy does improve environmental sound technology innovation. The promotion of regional green finance development to local green innovation is related to the funds allocation of green credit,but not to the issuance scale of green bonds, according to further analysis, because China's development pattern can lead to a lack of endogenous market power and low credit resource allocation efficiency. In addition, the issuance of green bonds can effectively promote the allocation of green credit funds, thus enhancing the local green innovation level, but it can't reduce local carbon emissions through promoting green innovation. Therefore, the government should strengthen the green finance implementation assessment mechanism, taking into account the heterogeneity of regions and enterprises, complete the green finance monitoring and disclosure system, and increase the rate of green technology conversion.
基金The author would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions, which are very helpful in improving the paper. This research was supported by Social Science Foundation of Hebei Province （HB09BYJ050）, Major Planning Project of Social Science of Baoding （200901009） and Youth Foundation of Hebei College of Finance （JY200910）.
文摘With SPSS16.0 software, this paper chooses the statistical data of 11 cities in Hebei province to empirically study the agri-food logistics capability based on the method of factor analysis, and finally obtains the ranking of the 11 cities. It shows that, factor-cluster analysis is an effective method to analyze the logistics capability of agri-food. It can simplify the original complicated problem and lead to an objective, reliable and convincing conclusion.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Project of Chongqing Municiple Education Commission(KJ110501)Supported by the Research Initiation Project for High-level Talents of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power(201035)Supported by the NSF of the Hebei Higher Education Institutions(Z2011111)
文摘This paper is concerned with the following nonlinear difference equation:x_(n+1)=sum from i=1 to l A_(s_i)x_(n-s_i)/B+C multiply from j=1 to k x_(n-t_j) +D_x_n,n=0,1,…(1.1).The more simple suffcient conditions of asymptotic stability are obtained by using a smart technique,which extends and includes partially corresponding results obtained in the references [6-9].The global behavior of the solutions is investigated.In addition,in order to support analytic results,some numerical simulations to the special equations are presented.
文摘This paper introduces the origin of Inclusive Financial System, summarizes the basic theories and views on inclusive financial system development and poverty reduction from experts and scholars at home and abroad. The paper establishes a theoretical analysis framework which impacts poor family income gap by using exponential smoothing method. The government should improve the credit market in poverty- stricken area by the way of macro-management to establish inclusive financial system, to overcome the difficulty of poor farmers＇ credit, to make more poor families to obtain credit opportunities.
基金Supported by the NSF for Colleges and Universities of Hebei Province(Z2011162,Z2011111)
文摘This paper is concerned with the following rational difference equation xn+1=axn-bxn-1+ex2n/(cXn+dxn-1), with the initial conditions x-1 , x0 ∈ (0, +∞) and a, b, c, d, e ∈ R+ . Locally asymptotically stability, global attractively and boundedness character of the equilibrium point of the equation are investigated. Moreover, simulation is shown to support the results.
基金Supported by the NSF of Universities in Hebei Province(Z2011111)Supported by the Foundation of General Demonstration Course
文摘This paper is concerned with the boundedness and asymptotic behavior of positive solutions for a generalized difference equation arising from automatic control theory. The main results improve and extend the ones in the previous works to a large extent. One in particular is that Rouche's theorem is available to prove the convergence of solutions.
文摘Equity financing and debt financing are the main financing methods for small and medium sized enterprises. Based onthe samples of small and medium-sized enterprises listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange during 2010 and 2015, we collected theturnover data and studied the influence factors in financing and constraints. The results show that science and technology enterpriseshave different tendency in equity financing in different stages of social development. In the stage of social currency additional, theseenterprises tend to debt finaneing. Besides, those science and teehnology enterprises with better ability in sustainable development andinnovation ability are easier to get equity investment; those enterprises with more enterprise strength and government subsidies seemedmore sueeessfully in obtaining debt investment.
文摘This paper calculates the urban, rural and general Gini coefficients （hereinafter referred to as GC） of household income in 27provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions of China between 1995 and 2010 using GC calculation formulas. After calculating the GCs, this paper analyzes their trends using density function estimation in nonparametric econometrics. The results show that the GCs of household income in provincial regions tend to rise from coastal regions to inland regions. In other words, the GCs of household income in the regions tend to rise from the east to the west and they appear to be concentrated and region-specific. A discriminate analysis of economic growth and income distribution in the provincial regions by income level and GC also shows a regional characteristic, consistent with the division of eastern, central and western China and that as one analyzes household income from the east to the west, income distribution becomes more unequal and income level becomes lower.
文摘In the context of the information age, with the causes of the financial deregulation of the bank in the financial industry competition intensifies, the communication of science and technology advancement, there are innovative financial instruments to achieve orgasm. With that, comes the increased risk of commercial banks. China＇ s banking innovation started late, but rapidly develops. More seriously, in the development of the innovation process, there is not enough emphasis on the legal risk, which causes great risks.
文摘In recent years, a growing number of math contents are available on the Web. When conventional search engines deal with mathematical expressions, the two-dimen- sion-al structure of mathematical expressions is lost, which results in a low performance of math retrieval. While the retrieval technology specifically designed for mathematical expressions is not mature currently. Aiming at these problems, an improved mathematical expression indexing and matching method was proposed through employing full text index method to deal with the two-dimensional structure of mathematical expressions. Firstly, through the fully consideration of LaTeX formulae’ characteristics, a feature representation method of mathematical expressions and a clustering method of feature keywords were put forward. Then, an improved inter-relevant successive trees index model was applied to the construction of the mathematical expression index, in which the cluster algorithm of mathematical expression features was employed to solve the problem of the quantity growth of the trees in processing large amount of formulae. Finally, the matching algorithms of mathematical expressions were given which provide four query modes called exact matching, compatible matching, sub-expression matching and fuzzy matching. In browser/server mode, 110027 formulae were used as experimental samples. The index file size was 29.02 Mb. The average time of retrieval was 1.092 seconds. The experimental result shows the effectiveness of the method.
文摘The development of Backward Stochastic Differential Equation Theory is just a thing happened in the past years. Although its development and application is far behind Forward Stochastic Differential Equation, its wide application prospect on financial mathematics gets more and more attention. The meaning of Backward Stochastic Differential Equation is that change a already-known final （usually uncertain） goal into a present certain answer to make a present resolution. But Insurance Pricing happens to know the final result, it＇ s certain that the result is uncertain, that is to say, to get out of danger or not. And then make present insurance price according to the future uncertain result. The Insurance Pricing just follows the meaning of Backward Stochastic Differential Equation. Insurance Pricing itself is also a research field sprang up in past scores of years, because insurance pricing is the indisputable core of insurance work, and gets quite a few researchers＇ attention. This article adopts backward stochastic differential equation theory and do research on problem about technology insurance pricing.
文摘Since the 18th CPC National Congress, financial reform of our country has entered the fast lane, the competition of commercial banks transit from blue sea to red sea, especially the emergence of the Intemet finance, causes huge competitive pressure on the current commercial banks. Only if commercial banks innovate on business model can they cope with today＇ s competitive market environment. This paper mainly focus on the current status quo and problems of commercial banks＇ business model, and analyzes the operation mode that commercial banks can choose, and then proposes improved countermeasures to perfect the commercial bank management pattern in the new period.
文摘Appraisal theory, a newly developed theory, applies SFL to investigating the interpersonal meaning of language. It has been employed to analyze various kinds of text such as news, novel and advertisement. Robert Frost's unique writing style and his famous poem The Road Not Taken have been analyzed from many aspects. This paper aims at demonstrating the profound intention of literary works from the perspective of appraisal theory. Meanwhile, the system of appraisal theory can be enhanced and developed through the analysis of literary works.
文摘The present study is set in the context of ongoing educational reform that advocates fostering self-regulated learners and using assessment to improve learning.Drawing on existent research on classroom assessment(CA)and self-regulated learning(SRL),the authors have formulated a conceptual framework outlining the CA features that promote SRL among students.Guided by this framework,the 12 high school teachers’CA practice was scrutinized to find out to what extent their CA was pro-SRL.Based on interview data and classroom observation,gaps were found in Chinese high school teachers’CA.First,CA tasks are primarily low-level closed-end problems,with rare exceptions.Second,students are not allowed much autonomy in CA.Third,self-assessment practice is mostly self-grading.Fourth,peer-assessment is uncommon and mainly involves simply marking peers’work.Fifth,teacher feedback is focused on task and process levels;regulation-level feedback is less common.Sixth,despite teachers’encouragement,most students feel threatened by CA.
