Gracilaria tenuistipitata var Liui were mono cultivated and co cultivated with Pinctada martensii under high (33) and low (21) salinity conditions in laboratory. The daily growth rate of the alga was determined. Tissu...Gracilaria tenuistipitata var Liui were mono cultivated and co cultivated with Pinctada martensii under high (33) and low (21) salinity conditions in laboratory. The daily growth rate of the alga was determined. Tissue carbon and nitrogen contents, the yield and fractional composition of agar were analyzed. Results showed that: 1. Gracilaria grew better under low salinity conditions, the daily growth rate was twice that under high salinity conditions. Co cultivated algae grew faster than mono cultivated algae under low salinity conditions, the daily growth rate was about 37.6% higher. 2. Compared with mono cultivated algae, tissue nitrogen contents of co cultivated algae were higher, while the C:N ratios were much lower. 3. The agar yields of co cultivated algae were much lower than those of mono cultivated algae. Agar yield was found to be negatively correlated to the tissue nitrogen contents, and positively correlated to the C:N ratios. 4. The highest fractional yields obtained from co cultivated algae were extracted with 40% ethanol, while from mono cultivated algae, the highest fractional yields obtained were extracted with distilled water at room temperature.展开更多
Gracilaria tenuistipitata varliui Zhang el Xia is cultivated at two different salinities (21, 33) in the laboratory for 4 weeks. The daily growth rate is determined. The total agar yield and fractional agar compositio...Gracilaria tenuistipitata varliui Zhang el Xia is cultivated at two different salinities (21, 33) in the laboratory for 4 weeks. The daily growth rate is determined. The total agar yield and fractional agar composition are analyzed. Results show that algae grow faster in low salinity. The total agar yield is higher under high salinity conditions than under low salinity conditions. Among the eight fractions extracted, the yields of cold water extract and 40% ethanol extract are about the highest In low salinities the yields of autoclaved extract and 60% ethanol extract are higher, while the yield of cold water extract is lower relative to high salinities.展开更多
Reducing the loading of noble Pt-based catalyst is vital for the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC),However,severe mass transfer polarization loss resulting in fuel cell performance decline...Reducing the loading of noble Pt-based catalyst is vital for the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC),However,severe mass transfer polarization loss resulting in fuel cell performance decline will be encountered in ultra-low Pt PEMFC.In this work,mild oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes(mMWCNT)were adopted to construct the catalyst layer,and by varying the loading of carbon nanotubes,the catalyst layer structure was optimized.A high peak power density of 1.23 W·cm^(-2) for the MEA with mMWCNT was obtained at an ultra-low loading of 120μg·cm^(-2) Pt/PtRu(both cathode and anode),which was 44.7%higher than that of MEA without mMWCNT.Better catalyst dispersion,low charge transfer resistance,more porous structure and high hydrophobicity of catalyst layer were ascribed for the reasons of the performance improvement.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of adenovirus-mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase （HSV-tk） gene transfer under the driving of KDR promoter （AdKDR-tk） in combination of ganciclovir （...Objective： To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of adenovirus-mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase （HSV-tk） gene transfer under the driving of KDR promoter （AdKDR-tk） in combination of ganciclovir （GCV） against human hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice. Methods： HepG2 cell line was implanted subcutaneously into 32 nude mice, which were subsequently divided into 4 groups （n=8 each group）： Ganciclovir group （Ⅰ）, Ad group （Ⅱ）, AdCMV-tk/GCV group （under the driving of CMV promoter） （Ⅲ） and AdKDR-tk/GCV group （Ⅳ）. Then intratumoral injection of recombinant adenovirus or Ad was performed in all nude mice, and repeated 24 h later. For the following 10 d GCV was given at a dose of 100 mg/（kg· d）, ip. All the treated animals were killed to evaluate the tumor weight and the histopathological changes and the microvessel density of tumors after the treatment was determined. Results Compared with group Ⅰ, the tumor inhibitory rate was 12.3% in group Ⅲ and 24.5% in group Ⅳ; the inhibition rates were significantly different between group Ⅲand Ⅳ （P〈0.05）. The mean MVDs in group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were 37.4±8.6, 30.6±7.8, 27.6±7.1, and 10.7±4.1 （microvessels/mm^2）, respectively. Significant differences were found between group Ⅲ and Ⅱ （P〈0.05）, Ⅳ and Ⅱ （P〈0.01）, and Ⅳ and Ⅲ （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Intratumoral injection of AdKDR-tk results in marked inhibition of HCC growth through inhibition angiogenesis in nude mice. It may be a new treatment approach for human HCC,展开更多
The second-order nonlinear optical （NLO） properties of 5,10,15-triphenylcorrole （TPC）, 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin （TPP） and L-amino acid bridged bis-corroles 1,2,3 and 4 have been calculated by using TDHF/P...The second-order nonlinear optical （NLO） properties of 5,10,15-triphenylcorrole （TPC）, 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin （TPP） and L-amino acid bridged bis-corroles 1,2,3 and 4 have been calculated by using TDHF/PM3 method based on the RHF/6-31G （TPC and TPP） or semiempirical PM3 （1, 2, 3, 4） optimized geometries. Calculation results showed TPC and TPP have C1 and D2h symmetry, respectively when N-H protons are localized on the nitrogen atoms. TPC is the second-order NLO active chromophore due to the cancellation of centrosymmetrical structure and its first hyperpolarizability β increases to 11.524×10^-30 esu. Under electrical dipole approximation, βvalues of bis-corroles 1, 2, 3 and 4 vary from 9.831×10^-30 to 14.221×10^-30 esu, and no much improvement in the first hyperpolarizability was observed as compared to TPC monomer.However, β values of bis-corroles 1, 2, 3 and 4 are improved by about 4 times as compared to their bis-porphyrin counterparts. The analysis of β components indicates that β of this kind of bis-corroles is mainly contributed from its radial component βr. With the variation of amino acid side chains, βHRS, β,βxyz, βr and βa of bis-corroles change remarkably. Chiral L-amino acid bridged bis-corroles 2, 3 and 4 have a right-handed helix structure, and their chiral component βxyz matches βxyz ∝ r^2 ζ/L^4 （helix parameters）, showing the second-order chiral NLO response of these bis-corroles could be described by one-electron helical model theory. It was found that the radial component βr of chiral helix bis-corroles also matches βr ∝ r^2 ζ/L^4.展开更多
Commonsense knowledge is an important resource for humans to understand the meanings or semantics of the data.The ability to learn and own commonsense knowledge is one of the major gaps between humans and machines.Alt...Commonsense knowledge is an important resource for humans to understand the meanings or semantics of the data.The ability to learn and own commonsense knowledge is one of the major gaps between humans and machines.Although recent research progresses about deep learning,like Transformer,pre-trained models,etc.,have made amazing breakthroughs in many fields,including computer version,natural language learning,etc.,letting the machines have rich commonsense knowledge and possess the reasoning ability is still difficult and under-resolved.展开更多
We differentiated the effects of Cu films deposited on single crystalline a-,r-,and c-plane sapphire substrates upon graphene films synthesized with atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition(CVD).The data illustr...We differentiated the effects of Cu films deposited on single crystalline a-,r-,and c-plane sapphire substrates upon graphene films synthesized with atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition(CVD).The data illustrate that the realization of high-crystalline Cu film is dependent not only on the crystallinity of underlying substrate,but also on the symmetric match of crystallographic geometry between metal film and substrate.We also systematically investigated the effects of PMMA removal on the Raman ID/IG and IG/I2D values of transferred graphene.The results reveal that different PMMA removal methods do not alter the ID/IG values;instead,the residue of PMMA increases the IG/I2D values and the thermal decomposition of PMMA leads to higher IG/I2D values than the removal of PMMA with acetone.The effects of PMMA removal on variations of the Raman spectra are also discussed.展开更多
A microwave monolithic integrated circuit （MMIC） C-band low noise amplifier （LNA） using 1 μm-gate composite-channel Al0.3Ga0.7N/Al0.05Ga0.95N/GaN high electron mobility transistors （CC-HEMTs） has been designed,...A microwave monolithic integrated circuit （MMIC） C-band low noise amplifier （LNA） using 1 μm-gate composite-channel Al0.3Ga0.7N/Al0.05Ga0.95N/GaN high electron mobility transistors （CC-HEMTs） has been designed, fabricated and characterized. The material structure and special channel of CC-HEMT were given and analysed. The MMIC LNA with CC-HEMT showed a noise figure of 2.4 dB, an associated gain of 12.3 dB, an input return loss of -6 dB and an output return loss of -16 dB at 6GHz. The IIP3 of the LNA is 13 dBm at 6 GHz. The LNA with 1 μm ×100 μm device showed very high-dynamic range with decent gain and noise figure.展开更多
The paper analyzes the abnormal phenomena in Chinas capital markets and provides acritical review of the existing hypotheses about the phenomena. The paper argues that thelack of viability among most of the listed SOE...The paper analyzes the abnormal phenomena in Chinas capital markets and provides acritical review of the existing hypotheses about the phenomena. The paper argues that thelack of viability among most of the listed SOEs is the primary cause of the problems inChinas capital markets. The paper also applies a consistent framework to analyze therelationship among viability, SOEs and the capital markets, and makes some policy proposalsfor improving Chinas capital markets.展开更多
INTRODUCTION Atopic dermatitis （AD） is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder that is characterized by dry skin and disturbed skin barrier functions. Mutations in the filaggrin （FLG） gene, the gene coding pro...INTRODUCTION Atopic dermatitis （AD） is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder that is characterized by dry skin and disturbed skin barrier functions. Mutations in the filaggrin （FLG） gene, the gene coding profilaggrin/filaggrin, have a great impact on the epidermal barrier function and are an important predisposing factor for AD. However, in both Europeans and Asians,展开更多
Uniform arrays of coarse and smooth gold nanoparticles with diameter about 130 nm were successfully synthesized through seed-mediated growth method, separately. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy （SEM and ...Uniform arrays of coarse and smooth gold nanoparticles with diameter about 130 nm were successfully synthesized through seed-mediated growth method, separately. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy （SEM and TEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） have been used to study the formation and structure of the nanocomposites. The high enhancement factor for surface-enhanced Raman scattering of coarse and smooth gold nanoparticles were estimated to be about 3.1 × 10^6 and 2.0 × 10^6, respectively. It is evident that the coarse gold nanostructures has higher influence factor than the smooth gold nanostructures. Therefore, these unique properties of the coarse Au nanoparticles appear to be very Dromising for applications as high-performance SERS subsrrares.展开更多
文摘Gracilaria tenuistipitata var Liui were mono cultivated and co cultivated with Pinctada martensii under high (33) and low (21) salinity conditions in laboratory. The daily growth rate of the alga was determined. Tissue carbon and nitrogen contents, the yield and fractional composition of agar were analyzed. Results showed that: 1. Gracilaria grew better under low salinity conditions, the daily growth rate was twice that under high salinity conditions. Co cultivated algae grew faster than mono cultivated algae under low salinity conditions, the daily growth rate was about 37.6% higher. 2. Compared with mono cultivated algae, tissue nitrogen contents of co cultivated algae were higher, while the C:N ratios were much lower. 3. The agar yields of co cultivated algae were much lower than those of mono cultivated algae. Agar yield was found to be negatively correlated to the tissue nitrogen contents, and positively correlated to the C:N ratios. 4. The highest fractional yields obtained from co cultivated algae were extracted with 40% ethanol, while from mono cultivated algae, the highest fractional yields obtained were extracted with distilled water at room temperature.
文摘Gracilaria tenuistipitata varliui Zhang el Xia is cultivated at two different salinities (21, 33) in the laboratory for 4 weeks. The daily growth rate is determined. The total agar yield and fractional agar composition are analyzed. Results show that algae grow faster in low salinity. The total agar yield is higher under high salinity conditions than under low salinity conditions. Among the eight fractions extracted, the yields of cold water extract and 40% ethanol extract are about the highest In low salinities the yields of autoclaved extract and 60% ethanol extract are higher, while the yield of cold water extract is lower relative to high salinities.
基金financial supports by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFB1504500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078031,91834301,21761162015)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,CQU(2020CDJQY-A032,2020CDJLHZZ064)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(cstc2020jcyjmsxmX0637)。
文摘Reducing the loading of noble Pt-based catalyst is vital for the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC),However,severe mass transfer polarization loss resulting in fuel cell performance decline will be encountered in ultra-low Pt PEMFC.In this work,mild oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes(mMWCNT)were adopted to construct the catalyst layer,and by varying the loading of carbon nanotubes,the catalyst layer structure was optimized.A high peak power density of 1.23 W·cm^(-2) for the MEA with mMWCNT was obtained at an ultra-low loading of 120μg·cm^(-2) Pt/PtRu(both cathode and anode),which was 44.7%higher than that of MEA without mMWCNT.Better catalyst dispersion,low charge transfer resistance,more porous structure and high hydrophobicity of catalyst layer were ascribed for the reasons of the performance improvement.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30371386) by a grant from the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 31010).
文摘Objective： To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of adenovirus-mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase （HSV-tk） gene transfer under the driving of KDR promoter （AdKDR-tk） in combination of ganciclovir （GCV） against human hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice. Methods： HepG2 cell line was implanted subcutaneously into 32 nude mice, which were subsequently divided into 4 groups （n=8 each group）： Ganciclovir group （Ⅰ）, Ad group （Ⅱ）, AdCMV-tk/GCV group （under the driving of CMV promoter） （Ⅲ） and AdKDR-tk/GCV group （Ⅳ）. Then intratumoral injection of recombinant adenovirus or Ad was performed in all nude mice, and repeated 24 h later. For the following 10 d GCV was given at a dose of 100 mg/（kg· d）, ip. All the treated animals were killed to evaluate the tumor weight and the histopathological changes and the microvessel density of tumors after the treatment was determined. Results Compared with group Ⅰ, the tumor inhibitory rate was 12.3% in group Ⅲ and 24.5% in group Ⅳ; the inhibition rates were significantly different between group Ⅲand Ⅳ （P〈0.05）. The mean MVDs in group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were 37.4±8.6, 30.6±7.8, 27.6±7.1, and 10.7±4.1 （microvessels/mm^2）, respectively. Significant differences were found between group Ⅲ and Ⅱ （P〈0.05）, Ⅳ and Ⅱ （P〈0.01）, and Ⅳ and Ⅲ （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Intratumoral injection of AdKDR-tk results in marked inhibition of HCC growth through inhibition angiogenesis in nude mice. It may be a new treatment approach for human HCC,
基金Supported by the NNSFC (20476034), Research Grants Council of Hongkong and SRF for ROCS, State Education Ministry
文摘The second-order nonlinear optical （NLO） properties of 5,10,15-triphenylcorrole （TPC）, 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin （TPP） and L-amino acid bridged bis-corroles 1,2,3 and 4 have been calculated by using TDHF/PM3 method based on the RHF/6-31G （TPC and TPP） or semiempirical PM3 （1, 2, 3, 4） optimized geometries. Calculation results showed TPC and TPP have C1 and D2h symmetry, respectively when N-H protons are localized on the nitrogen atoms. TPC is the second-order NLO active chromophore due to the cancellation of centrosymmetrical structure and its first hyperpolarizability β increases to 11.524×10^-30 esu. Under electrical dipole approximation, βvalues of bis-corroles 1, 2, 3 and 4 vary from 9.831×10^-30 to 14.221×10^-30 esu, and no much improvement in the first hyperpolarizability was observed as compared to TPC monomer.However, β values of bis-corroles 1, 2, 3 and 4 are improved by about 4 times as compared to their bis-porphyrin counterparts. The analysis of β components indicates that β of this kind of bis-corroles is mainly contributed from its radial component βr. With the variation of amino acid side chains, βHRS, β,βxyz, βr and βa of bis-corroles change remarkably. Chiral L-amino acid bridged bis-corroles 2, 3 and 4 have a right-handed helix structure, and their chiral component βxyz matches βxyz ∝ r^2 ζ/L^4 （helix parameters）, showing the second-order chiral NLO response of these bis-corroles could be described by one-electron helical model theory. It was found that the radial component βr of chiral helix bis-corroles also matches βr ∝ r^2 ζ/L^4.
文摘Commonsense knowledge is an important resource for humans to understand the meanings or semantics of the data.The ability to learn and own commonsense knowledge is one of the major gaps between humans and machines.Although recent research progresses about deep learning,like Transformer,pre-trained models,etc.,have made amazing breakthroughs in many fields,including computer version,natural language learning,etc.,letting the machines have rich commonsense knowledge and possess the reasoning ability is still difficult and under-resolved.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB215500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51272296)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTC2012jjA50014)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(CDJZR12225501,CQDXWL-2013-016)
文摘We differentiated the effects of Cu films deposited on single crystalline a-,r-,and c-plane sapphire substrates upon graphene films synthesized with atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition(CVD).The data illustrate that the realization of high-crystalline Cu film is dependent not only on the crystallinity of underlying substrate,but also on the symmetric match of crystallographic geometry between metal film and substrate.We also systematically investigated the effects of PMMA removal on the Raman ID/IG and IG/I2D values of transferred graphene.The results reveal that different PMMA removal methods do not alter the ID/IG values;instead,the residue of PMMA increases the IG/I2D values and the thermal decomposition of PMMA leads to higher IG/I2D values than the removal of PMMA with acetone.The effects of PMMA removal on variations of the Raman spectra are also discussed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 60476035）.
文摘A microwave monolithic integrated circuit （MMIC） C-band low noise amplifier （LNA） using 1 μm-gate composite-channel Al0.3Ga0.7N/Al0.05Ga0.95N/GaN high electron mobility transistors （CC-HEMTs） has been designed, fabricated and characterized. The material structure and special channel of CC-HEMT were given and analysed. The MMIC LNA with CC-HEMT showed a noise figure of 2.4 dB, an associated gain of 12.3 dB, an input return loss of -6 dB and an output return loss of -16 dB at 6GHz. The IIP3 of the LNA is 13 dBm at 6 GHz. The LNA with 1 μm ×100 μm device showed very high-dynamic range with decent gain and noise figure.
文摘The paper analyzes the abnormal phenomena in Chinas capital markets and provides acritical review of the existing hypotheses about the phenomena. The paper argues that thelack of viability among most of the listed SOEs is the primary cause of the problems inChinas capital markets. The paper also applies a consistent framework to analyze therelationship among viability, SOEs and the capital markets, and makes some policy proposalsfor improving Chinas capital markets.
文摘INTRODUCTION Atopic dermatitis （AD） is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder that is characterized by dry skin and disturbed skin barrier functions. Mutations in the filaggrin （FLG） gene, the gene coding profilaggrin/filaggrin, have a great impact on the epidermal barrier function and are an important predisposing factor for AD. However, in both Europeans and Asians,
基金financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2010CB934700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51272012,21273001,51302208)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.YWF-14-HHXY-009)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(No.20111102130006)
文摘Uniform arrays of coarse and smooth gold nanoparticles with diameter about 130 nm were successfully synthesized through seed-mediated growth method, separately. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy （SEM and TEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） have been used to study the formation and structure of the nanocomposites. The high enhancement factor for surface-enhanced Raman scattering of coarse and smooth gold nanoparticles were estimated to be about 3.1 × 10^6 and 2.0 × 10^6, respectively. It is evident that the coarse gold nanostructures has higher influence factor than the smooth gold nanostructures. Therefore, these unique properties of the coarse Au nanoparticles appear to be very Dromising for applications as high-performance SERS subsrrares.
